WO2010002308A1

WO2010002308A1 - A thermo electric gas reactor system and gas reactor

Info

Publication number: WO2010002308A1
Application number: PCT/SE2009/000325
Authority: WO
Inventors: Sven-Erik Prytz
Original assignee: Cardilogus International Ltd; Inventum U.K. Ltd
Priority date: 2008-06-23
Filing date: 2009-06-23
Publication date: 2010-01-07

Abstract

The invention relates to a thermo electric gas reactor system (80) and a gas reactor module (10) comprising an internal gas burner (82) fed with gas produced by a gas generator connected to a thermoelectric module (84). The energy in the gas is utilized to produce electricity fed back to an electric system and a battery through a heat exchange and an electric exchange (90).

Description

Title

A thermo electric gas reactor system and gas reactor

Technical Field

The present invention pertains to a thermo electric gas reactor system comprising an internal gas burner fed with gas produced by a gas generator connected to a thermoelectric module.

Background art

It has been estimated that the equivalent of ten new Saudi Arabia oil fields must be in production 2025 to meet the demand of fuel and other oil based products. With this increased regional conflicts will probably emerge over oil findings.

Utilizing oil as fuel is a question of great concern for the biosphere and peoples life quality. The internal combustion engine (ICE) and the existing problems related to its usage, besides oil shortages, comprises that the society is dependent on energy that creates pollution and related dangers, it is contributing to global warming and climate problems, it creates health problems with toxic fumes, and wastes and misuses energy. Currently, the internal combustion engine is married to high rates of oil consumption. Since its birth, its fuel efficiency has increased only slightly, lagging behind the technical developments of other industries such as the telecom, computer, and medicine to name a few.

Production of carbon dioxide in the combustion process of oil based fuels greatly increases the so called green house gas effect. A growing body of evidence suggests this is accelerating leading earth towards an ecological disaster of planetary proportions.

Regarding toxic fumes, the WHO in its year 2000 health report submitted that air pollution, of which the ICE is a major contributor, kills 3,000,000 per year world wide.

Traditional bio fuels like ethanol provide some relief to oil consumption, but the combustion process still wastes energy. If society were to switch to using bio fuels instead of the 80 mbd of oil, mostly used for transportation purposes, a need of about 58,000,000 sugar cane fields the size of football fields must be planed according to science.

If society were to switch to natural gas considering it could be brought on line fast enough there may be enough gas for 50 years. None of these alternatives to oil are truly renewable.

Hence, there is an obvious need for a fuel that sets aside the problems related to current combustion type of fuels and machinery producing such fuel.

Summary of the invention

The present invention regards machinery operated by hydrogen mixtures and a special combined gas, generated on-demand by the inventions system, bearing the chemical formula 2H₂ + O₂ gas/Hydro-Oxygen gas. Henceforth named LQ-gas (LQG) throughout the present description, which can be mixed with gasoline, methane, ethanol, diesel or other specialized fuel mixtures provides a source of solving or at least relieving society from the problems mentioned. Hydrogen and the inventions specially generated LQG is considered completely renewable, and there are actually no alternatives to its usage currently recognized. The LQG has a supported behaviour when it burns and does not need external oxygen to react, thus releasing the energy very efficiently with no pollution to the surrounding environment, and perfect to be utilized in the present invention system. The acronym LQ stands for Life Quality to support the creation of a sustainable society. Specifically, the present invention provides a thermo electric gas reactor system.

Accordingly, the present invention sets forth a thermo electric gas reactor system. The invention thus comprises: an internal gas burner fed with gas produced by a gas generator connected to a thermoelectric module, which utilizes the energy in the gas to produce electricity fed back to an electric system and a battery through a heat exchange and an electric exchange, charging the battery and producing electricity for external utilization in a closed loop; a condenser feeding water through a water container to the generator for reuse; the gas burner being provided in the closed loop, letting condensed water being returned to the reactor system through a water container, which is connected to a reactor water tank, providing water to the reactor, electricity being produced by the thermo module thermo element charging the battery. In one embodiment of the present invention electricity produced by the thermo module thermo element is charging the battery through a fast electric capacitor system provided in the electric exchange.

Another embodiment provides that surplus gas is utilized in a succeeding group of thermo electric burners, and surplus gas being system externally exported as electric energy.

Moreover, the present invention sets forth a gas reactor module, comprising: a gas reactor assembly adapted to produce oxygen and hydrogen by branching at least one of water molecules and a composition of it; two lids acting as a face member and a bottom member of the assembly, the face member having an inlet valve for filling of at least one of water and a composition of water, which molecules are to be branched by the reactor, and the bottom member having at least one outlet valve for branched gaseous oxygen and hydrogen; at least one plate of paramagnetic material positioned between the members, which has an aperture through which the at least one of water and a composition of water can flow when filling the reactor and where the branched oxygen and hydrogen can pass to the outlet valve; and the gas reactor providing a modular reactor assembly such that it can be assembled to a predetermined size comprising at least two sealing members having an inner and outer diameter, and the inner diameter is provided with a sealing material, the sealing material being thicker than the plate, thus making up two cells between two sealing members where at least one of water molecules and a composition of it is to be branched into gaseous oxygen and hydrogen when operating the gas reactor module.

In one embodiment of the present reactor the inlet valve makes up an anode, and the outlet valve a cathode to be connected to a source of electrical power to induce branching of molecules through an anode wire to be connected to the source of electrical power.

Another embodiment provides that a second outlet is attached and utilized to empty/tap the reactor of used water or its composition, which constitutes deuterium to be reused in other technical fields.

Brief description of the drawings

Henceforth reference is had to the accompanied drawings and its related text, whereby the present invention is described through given examples and provided embodiments for a better understanding of the invention, wherein:

Fig. 1 is illustrating a gas reactor according to the present invention; Fig. 2 is illustrating a sealing member according to the present invention;

Fig. 3 is schematically illustrating paramagnetic plate according to the present invention;

Fig. 4 illustrates a commercial embodiment of a drawing of a gas reactor in accordance with Fig. 1 to 3 of the present invention. Fig. 5 is schematically illustrating a branching of a molecule of water into oxygen and hydrogen according to the present invention;

Fig. 6 is schematically illustrating a branching in accordance with Fig. 4, and schematically depicting the reactor;

Fig. 7 is schematically illustrating a plant utilizing the system of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is schematically illustrating how a gas fuel splitter feeds a fuel cell with oxygen and hydrogen; and

Fig. 9 is schematically illustrating a thermo electric gas reactor system according to the present invention. Detailed description of preferred embodiments

The present invention provides a solution that will make renewable fue|s and gasoline last much longer, by usage of the present invention efficient hydrogen/LQG energy. Hydrogen provides an inexhaustible source that can supply current societies growing energy demands, and it is easy to produce, easily stored and transportable. It is usable in all weather and climate conditions, and proven reliable in performance with a long track record of success, and can be produced locally almost anywhere. Hereby, it is able to support the total energy needs both for driving, home and industry needs.

One kilo of hydrogen provides the equivalent energy as 4 litres of gasoline. The hydrogen contained in 10 litres of water replaces 4 litres of gasoline. Current automobiles internal combustion engines utilize 15%-20% of the energy in gasoline whereas a hydrogen fuel cell can convert 40%-65% of its inherent energy into electricity to power a car. Gaseous hydrogen is 14 times lighter than air and 4 times lighter than helium. If it is released by accident, hydrogen disperses rapidly into the atmosphere not lingering as a dangerous explosive or toxic concern as is the case with gasoline.

Pure hydrogen produces only heat energy, water and minute traces of oxides of nitrogen when burned. Oxides of nitrogen and water are natural to our planet's atmosphere. One pound of hydrogen combined with oxygen will make nine pounds of water. This means that a hydrogen power plant could induce electricity and produce pollutant-free distilled water.

Benefits of hydrogen/LQG as a fuel includes not only zero emissions of pollutants, but it actually cleans the air as driving for instance a vehicle. One hydrogen car cleans the exhaust of three gasoline cars. Hydrogen burns cooler than other fuels, and therefore less heat energy is lost, and provides less heat related wear on an engine, i.e., promotes longer lasting engines. It burns 10 times quicker then gasoline providing that the firing to drive for instance a piston can occur at the top dead centre of a combustion cycle reducing wear on engine and heat loss while increasing efficiency. Furthermore, hydrogen combustion produces pure water safe to drink.

There are numerous myths related to storing of hydrogen for instance that steel can not hold hydrogen, de facto tanks/containers holding hydrogen pressurized at 2000 PSI for 88 years (since 1917) have been found. Low alloy steel containers and pipelines which currently transfer natural gas can also transfer hydrogen without losses. Another myth is that a Hydrogen tank in a vehicle is a dangerous bomb. The fact is that much more dangerous explosive materials are commonly transported on the roads or by railway. A test conducted with a rear end collision at 60 mph (90k/h) revealed a completely intact and undamaged hydrogen tank in the trunk of a typical passenger car.

Also, taking into consideration, the invention utilizing the gas creation on- demand out of water provides a need for storage to a minimum.

It has also been alleged that hydrogen is too expensive to produce. In fact recent inventions technological achievements in hydrogen/LQG development have brought the price of small-scale homeowner size production down to be very competitive with fossil fuels. Governmental and private sector investments in hydrogen have spiked upward right along side the increase gasoline prices at the pump.

A further myth sets forth that hydrogen is a new technology and requires many more years of testing and development to be made practical for mass production. But hydrogen was first used as a fuel source for powering machinery 150 years ago. Since then many applications world wide utilized hydrogen to provide power for transportation and electrical generation.

The source for production of hydrogen is primarily water. To split/branching the water into hydrogen and oxygen is basically accomplished through electrolysis but also through different chemical reactions. Membranes within fuel cells splitting hydrogen are playing a key role.

The present invention provides an electro-chemical reaction with special frequent electric and electromagnetic power pulses boosting the separation of hydrogen/LQG out of water. The present invention also utilizes a combination of aluminium oxide and peroxide liquid, utilized by preheating it speeds up the release of hydrogen 100's of times more than a conventional electrolytic process. These chemicals are viewed as waste by products in some industrial processes.

The present inventions can be utilized for production of a hydrogen/LQG compound when it is mixed with gasoline, diesel, methane, ethanol or other mixtures of fuels. This boosts the conventional combustion reaction to release more energy while lowering the pollutant emission. The boosting efficiency of the fuel is estimated to be in the range of approximately 50%.

It is believed that the capacity of the invention will have a high ramification on society's activities by lowering the costs of energy and fuel and clean water. Moreover, It will enhance the environments ability to repair damages and support the capacity of the Earth's Biosphere for a better life quality.

Hereinafter, LQG and the thermodynamics alternative energy calculus is discussed in accordance with the present invention. The product value of 237.13kj per mole of H₂O for input of 285.83kj at SATP

(Standard Ambient Pressure and Temperature) is based on Faraday's measurements of gas production in static cell and Gibb's calculations of available energy.

In a Faraday hydrolyser the first layer of H+ acts like an electroplating electrolyzer, which covers the cathode with a layer of hydrogen ions that stick to the electrode in an electrostatic bond. This layer, known as the Helmholtz layer, diminishes the rate of ion flow and therefore the rate of gas production.

If air is used to remove this layer, then additional energy will not be wasted in maintaining ion flow and heating the cell. Thus if the vacuum of the engine is used to draw air through a hydrolysis cell and power is momentarily cut in conjunction with air flow, then it is possible to suck out sufficient LQG gas (Hydrogen+Oxygen Comb) to meet the needs of an internal combustion engine, provided the heat content of the reaction is sufficient to overcome piston resistance.

In the official state schools test "Complete Chemistry..." authored by FT. Barrel and printed by Jacaranda Press in 1955 Revised (1961), Page No. 111 states inter alia: "Hydrogen is used as a flame for cutting metals, e.g. oxy-hydrogen (about 2400⁰C) and atomic hydrogen (4000°C - 5000°C) blow torches. The atomic hydrogen torch gives the hottest flame attainable with any fuel. In part of the apparatus, energy is taken in (from the surrounds endothermically) to separate hydrogen molecules temporarily into hydrogen atoms. As the atoms recombine to molecules, high amounts of energy are given out in the for of heat." Therefore according to academic figures, the overall energy of formation from 4H + 20 in the form 2(O-H) + 2H→2(H-OH)→2H₂O, could be as high as:

2(428 + 492) = 1840kj mol^"1, compared tojust 457kj mol^"1 for ΔGΘf 2H₂0(g).

If heat is drawn in from the surrounds of the combustion cylinders, then the energy released as steam may exceed the official exothermic value of 457kj mol^"1 forΔG (formation) of 2H₂O SATP (Standard Ambient Pressure and Temperature). This may explain why ice is sometimes observed on the radiator cap of Hydro-oxy powered vehicles.

In one of the latest books to be published on physical chemistry by P.W. Atkins (fellow of Oxford University in Chemistry) entitled "The Elements of Physical Chemistry", published by Oxford University Press 1998, and claimed as one of the major authoritative works, is written on Page No. 280 about reformation of water and other reactions, "A thermal explosion is due to rapid increases of reaction rate with temperature. If the energy of an exothermic reaction cannot escape, the temperature of the reaction system rises and the reaction goes faster. The acceleration of the rate results in a faster rise of temperature, and so the reaction goes even faster to meet catastrophically fast. A chain reaction branching explosion may occur when there are chain branching steps in the reaction, for then the number of chain carriers grows exponentially and the rate of reaction may cascade into an explosion."

"An example of both types of explosions is provided by the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen:

2H₂ (g) + O₂ (g) → 2H₂O (g)" "Although the theoretical net reaction is very simple, the mechanism is very complicated and has not yet been fully elucidated. It is known that a chain reaction is involved, and that the chain carriers include H, O-, OH and O₂H.

Some possible steps are shown below:

initiation: H₂ + O₂ → O₂H + ^• H

Propagation: O₂ + ^•H → ^•0- + OH (branching reaction)

^■O- → - H₂ → ^•OH + H (branching reaction)

H₂ + ^■OH → H + H₂O

The two branching steps can lead to chain-branching explosions." The "^•" (dots) in the above reaction formula represent unpaired electrons.

Another possibility is that it takes less energy to produce LQ Gas(g) than it does to produce H2 and 02. LQG has a much higher energy level than H₂ + O₂ because exothermic conversion to diatomic state during the process of electrolysis need not occur. Likewise, in the engine the hydroxyl does not need to draw in energy to disassociate H₂ + O₂. Therefore, all of the energy of LQG (g) may be available to recombine into superheated steam exothermically and thus overcome engine piston resistance.

2H₂O(I) → 2(H+ +OH-) → 2(LQ) gas →2H₂O(g)

Hydrolyser Engine

ΔH = + 984kj ΔH = - 984kj ΔH = 475kj

Even higher energy levels may be achieved by repeated charging of the water used in a stand-alone hydrolysis cell. It may be possible to reduce protium levels and enhance deuterium levels by repeated charging of the electrolyte and or the creation of large amounts of H+ ions.

Deuterium has a higher energy level than protium. Also, a large concentration of H ⁺ would make it easier for freed OH- ions to combine into LQG, thus bypassing half of Faraday's constant and developing twice the gas for half the cost. Experiments conducted showed a Ph of less than 3, after repeated charging of spring water that started out at Ph7. This drop from Ph7 to Ph3 actually occurred in a 15 minute period after the power had been turned off. This experiment was carried out in 1999 and the Ph3 in the retained sample has remained constant to this day.

Newton gave us E = 1/2 mv², which means the energy of a combustion is proportional to the square of the velocity. The higher the velocity the exponentially greater is the energy. The flame of petrol is much slower than H₂ + O, and this is even slower than H + OH. Whether this higher level of energy can translate into higher temperature steam is yet to be determined.

From the above it is demonstrated that even the best chemistry minds in the modern world have no idea of the exact process of water formation in an engine. Again it is seen that anything is possible despite the exactness of thermodynamics and chemical kinetics. It would appear therefore that a case has been made for the possibility of powering a vehicle by an in situ hydrolyser using modest input power. Over unity output could also be possible if endothermic energy is appropriate to accomplish combustion.

Fig. 1 is illustrating one embodiment of a gas reactor/generator assembly 10 adapted to produce oxygen and hydrogen by branching at least one of water molecules and a composition of it according to the present invention. It is equipped with two lids 12 or two members of a suitable material such as for instance glasfiber acting as a face member and a bottom member to the assembly. The face member has an inlet valve 20 for filling of at least one of water and a composition of water, which molecules are to be branched by the reactor, and the bottom member has at least one outlet valve 22 for the branched gaseous oxygen and hydrogen. A second outlet (not shown) could be utilized to empty/tap the reactor of used water or its composition, which constitutes deuterium to be reused in other technical fields. A composition of water can for instance be water and silver ions. Furthermore, the members (12) are equipped with at least two apertures fitting composite units, herein four bolts with nuts 14, to compress and hold the assembly 10 in one piece.

The present invention gas reactor provides a modular assembly in such a manner that it can be assembled to almost any size comprising at least two sealing members 16 of a suitable material such as glasfiber. A sealing member, see Fig. 2 has an inner and outer diameter, and the inner diameter is provided with a sealing material, herein an O-ring 26, following its rim. The sealing material is thicker, for example 5 mm, then the sealing member, for example 3 mm, in order to be compressible by tightening the bolts 14. The sealing member 16 has flanges with apertures matching the position of the apertures fitting the bolts 14.

Moreover, the present invention reactor assembly 10 has at least one plate 18 of paramagnetic material, see Fig. 3, which has an aperture 30 through which the at least one of water and a composition of water can flow when filling the reactor and where the branched oxygen and hydrogen can pass to the outlet valve 22 when the reactor is set in operation. The at least one plate 18 is placed between two of the sealing members 16 with sealing material 26.

Thereafter, the at least one plate 18 is placed between the sealing members 16 and sealing material 26, and placed between the face and bottom member 12 and compressed by attaching the composite units 14 so that at least two chambers/cells (not shown) are created by the sealing material 26, which is thicker then the sealing members 16 even when compressed by tightening the composite units 14 (bolts).

Moreover, with reference to Fig. 1 the inlet valve makes up an anode, and the outlet valve a cathode to be connected to a source of electrical power to induce branching of molecules. The anode wire 24 to the battery or accumulator of electric energy is depicted.

Fig. 3 as mentioned is schematically illustrating a paramagnetic plate 18 according to the present invention. In a blow up it is shown that the plate 18 has a grid pattern 34 covering the entire plate 18 on both sides, although only one side of the plate is depicted. The grid 34 can be applied to the plate 18 with nano technology for instance composed of titanium oxide for instance through a film or through other known techniques in the field. Other possible coating materials for the plate 18 could be platinum, palladium, and magnesium. The plate itself can be of an alloy of stainless steel, molybdenum, and nickel.

Para magnetism is a magnetism which occurs in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field. Paramagnetic materials are attracted to magnetic fields. Different from ferro-magnets, paramagnets do not retain any magnetization in the absence of an applied magnetic field.

Furthermore, the present invention reactor assembly 10 is utilized in a system adapted to produce oxygen and hydrogen by branching at least one of water molecules and a composition of it. Hereby it comprises a reactor assembly 10 and at least one of a scrubber and a splitter (not shown) of gaseous oxygen and hydrogen connected to the reactor outlet 22. A flashback unit (not shown) is connected to the at least one of a scrubber and a splitter. A scrubber can contain a catalytic element. The flashback unit prevents gaseous oxygen and hydrogen utilized as fuel to enter the system backwards. An outlet on the flashback unit leads the gaseous oxygen and hydrogen to at least one of machinery, such as a car internal combustion engine, and a storing cistern to operate and store the gaseous oxygen and hydrogen.

A means known to a person skilled in the art converts generated heat into electricity for instance a thermo electric element (not shown), which is stored in an accumulator adapted to store the electricity, and a pulse generator is provided (not shown) having its anode connected to the reactor anode and its cathode connected to the reactor cathode. The pulse generator is powered by the accumulator producing pulses of suitable frequencies generating an electromagnetic field in the reactor plates 18. Generated pulses branches at least one of water molecules and a composition of it in the reactor. Intelligent pulse instructions can be received from the plate 18, which are received by the pulse generator. Machinery according to the present invention can be a combustion engine, which fuel is mixed with the gaseous oxygen and hydrogen providing a more efficient combustion of fuel. A mix of fuel is accomplished by injecting the gaseous oxygen and hydrogen directly into the combustion chamber of the engine. Additionally, the mix is accomplished by injecting the gaseous oxygen and hydrogen together with engine fuel by mixing it in a valve before the engine fuel injectors inject the mixture. The valve also has pressure equalizing means for the fuels to be mixed.

In an alternative embodiment the gaseous oxygen and hydrogen is the only fuel operating a combustion engine.

Fig. 4 illustrates a commercial embodiment of a drawing of a gas reactor in accordance with Rg. 1 to 3 of the present invention.

The gas reactor acts as an ultra fast capacitor according to the principle that a group of chambers/cells operate in tandem with another group. When a first cell-group as in the basic module in the Fig. 1, which contains two cells, has been put in operation with pulses of current, a switch to another similar cell-group is accomplished. Both cell-groups are put in operation simultaneously, but when gas production has started, the switching takes place. When a cell-group enters an idle state, the current that was put in is feedback into the system that released it, but gas production is still commencing. The frequency of pulses operating the cells alternate in parameters between 1 Hz to giga Hz in the time interval of pulses of current. Another parameter that is crucial is temperature control between thousands of one degree of ⁰C.

Furthermore, a hydro atomic resonance occurs, which releases gas during a time after the cell has entered its idle state/mode. Almost like a vehicle flywheel, to provide momentum. Fig. 5 is schematically illustrating a branching of a molecule of water into oxygen 40 and hydrogen 42 according to the present invention. The branching is accomplished by pulses 46 from the pulse generator having a suitable frequency to separate two hydrogen atoms 42 from the oxygen atom 40 in a water molecule in the reactor assembly 10 chambers. Fig. 6 is schematically illustrating a branching in accordance with Fig. 5, and schematically depicting what's occurring inside the reactor when the paramagnetic plates 18 are magnetized 50 with two water molecules 52 being branched into two oxygen atoms 40 ad four hydrogen atoms 42 when the pulse generator pulse 54 so too speak sparks the reaction.

An analyzes made by the company AGA laboratory showed a single cell reactor utilizing chlorinated tap water produced the following:

H2 61 ,9 mol-% GC/TCD

02 32,3 mol-% Paramagnetic

N2 0,1 mol-% GC/TCD

CO2 0,7 mol-% GC/FID-Met

The laboratory then analyzed cells/plates based on the present invention in a pressurized chamber or reactor utilizing filtered water and thus achieved the following result:

H2 61,7 mol-% GC/TCD

02 32,8 mol-% Paramagnetic

N2 0.0 mol-% GC/TCD

CO2 0.0 mol-% GC/FID-Met

Fig. 7 is schematically illustrating a plant utilizing the system 70 of the present invention. A power engine system 60 having a computer system and a bio-battery delivering electricity to a society. Bio-fuel is fed through pipe 62 to the power engine system 60 in order to operate it. Another pipe 64 is feeding sea/lake water to a desalinating device 66 which produces clean water to the society, and a pipe 68 from device 66 feeds clean water to the system 70 of the present invention when needed, which releases LQG to the society. The system 70 also feeds the produced gaseous oxygen 40 and hydrogen 42 through a pipe 72 to boost the combustion of the power engine 60. Schematically depicted is the transmission of electricity 74 from the power engine 60 to operate the system 70 and the desalinating device 66.

This application of the system 70 provides a construction of an "LQ-Utility Container" where the invented system 70 on-demand provides a distributed energy solution for electricity, LQG and pure water. With this integrated concept a society can in a very cost effective manner save the environment while expanding the use of clean energy. These pre- built utility modules will also meat the demand for solutions in an emergency situation.

Fig. 8 is schematically illustrating how a gas fuel splitter, when the system 70 scrubber is replaced by a LQG fuel cell splitter 76, feeds a fuel cell with oxygen and hydrogen in accordance with the present invention to produce electric power.

Next LQG experimental data for a car application is presented. Most parallel cells make H2 and 02 pairs (traditional approach). Insulated series reactor cells make more LQ Gas, and LQG has different characteristics than when combusted from individual H2 02. It was found that insulated series cells/plates according to the present invention operate with a high degree of efficiency. It has to be elaborated how much of the LQG is required to see efficiency gains when combusted. Hereby, it depends on the fuel system being utilized, the total volume of fuel being used, i.e., 2 liters engine verses a 6 liters engine, the condition of the motor/engine, the driving conditions and how the existing fuel system is managed, ie., carbureted verses electronic fuel injection (EFI) and other issues. There are some unique properties of LQG, what it accomplishes and achieves significant efficiency gains. The HOH can be regarded as a perfect gas, as nature intended. It is made in perfect stoichiometric ratio two hydrogen atoms to one oxygen atom, and it has a flame speed of 8160 ft/per second Mach 7.5 (H2 achieves only 680 ft/per second). Moreover, it can combust with an air fuel ratio of up to 95:1 (95 parts air to 1 part hydrogen), and has catalytic characteristics, adjusting its flame temperature based on the substance contact. Also, LQG when combusted recombines into a tiny water molecule, creating no pollution, and when combusted in the absence of any other gases, it creates a perfect vacuum. It was found during the experiments that engines run quieter, smoother and cooler with a LQG supplement. Now some observations made when utilizing the LQG in a Internal Combustion

Engine follow. It could be believed that due to the flame speed of LQG and the chain reaction that occurs with the hydrocarbons (existing fuel system) there would be a need to retard the timing, causing the ignition to occur later in the piston stroke. Testing has shown that in fact better performance and combustion efficiency occurs with a slight advance of the timing. This is usually an additional increase of around 5 Deg before top dead center. It is important to remember that each engine is different. Tests have shown a slight increase (5%) in brake horse power. Existing O2 sensors in EFI engines, in some instances, detect this reduction in air fuel ratios and increase fuel input, therefore negating any gains. Some vehicle computer systems will recalibrate and make the necessary adjustments over time, others may need an electronic device installed to overcome this.

A benchmark has been established of 1 litre of LQG per minute at an energy footprint of between 170-200 Watts for available reactor cells of the present invention.

High efficiency results have been achieved during lab testing, though developing a robust and suitable cell for commercial release, which required new constructive innovative design. Depending on the engine size and the outlined adjustments required, the mileage (combustion efficiency), will improve on 1 litre of LQG per minute, to what exact extent in non specified circumstances can not be fully elucidated. What is known is that the smallest amount makes a difference. There are consistent anomalies, where small amounts have made big differences, but there are also some consistent baselines.

When utilizing a 2.5HP 200cc petrol generator the following can easily be observed. Fractional amounts of LQG provides immediately a difference, and the extent of the difference depends upon; the quantity of the LQG generated, the quality of the LQG supplied, the available Hydrocarbon Supply (Petrol), RPM, Load, throttle position, and timing position. Each of these factors have an impact on the quality of the outcome, even still, is it difficult to create a bad result even if small. Through getting all of these factors right sees outstanding efficiency gains, this includes up to a 200% increase in running time producing it's own LQG (in addition to the Petrol) and carrying load.

In the tests conducted, a limited supply of petrol was made available to the engine and a fix supply of LQG, throttle position was governed and timing retarded. Factory set positions saw a 100% increase in running time under load. Without load, running times were extended by up to 600% with a decreasing RPM. The testing range has been conducted from .1 liter per minute, through to 6 liters per minute, with 6 liters per minute running the engine continuously at 2200 RPM without the use of Petrol for 30 minutes where the testing was concluded.

For larger engines, the reactor-cell/plate technology has been designed with scalability in mind, allowing additional cells to be added. This is only limited by the safe operating capacity of the alternator and available space. It is our advice to start and tune with one unit and add additional units as the need or desire arises.

The following results where achieved while testing a 1,2 L engine in a car application. Hence, the study is based on a system according to the present invention configured for a Datsun 120Y - 1977 - 1.2 liter engine. An older vehicle was used to conduct the tests despite that most vehicles on the road are fuel injected. This choice is really quite simple. Managing the fuel system in an older car provides direct insight into the changes required with fuel injected system, even though the method by which the changes imposed are accomplished is different.

Prior to the installation of the LQG experimental system, the vehicle was utilized for every day driving on both city and highway trips to establish a baseline for average fuel consumption. It blew a little bit of smoke, particularly when cold and during transition between normal and open throttle driving. The vehicle was well tuned to begin with. Timing was confirmed at factory settings at 7° before top dead centre (BTDC) at 650 RPM whilst vacuum advance was removed. Averages obtained over a 3 month period. (Results recorded were both higher and lower) is depicted in Table 1.

The LQG experimental system was installed, and almost immediately after the installation of a single (1 litre per minute (15 AMPS)) system, the vehicle when started, began to spew black carbon from the exhaust in the form of moist pieces. There was no noticeable difference when running idle. RPM through the engine seemed a little quieter and smoother, but the exhaust had a distinct rich odor to it. Again driving the vehicle over a 30 day period the most noticeable difference was a feeling of greater responsiveness and a noticeable reduction in throttle position to maintain the same speed. Over a period of approximately one week of continued driving the carbon being ejected through the exhaust settled down and the volume of smoke when cold was reduced. During the testing the Datsun continued to run rich and no modifications to the fuel system or timing were made. See Table 2 for reference data.

Conclusions from this phase of testing comprise the following. Testing with the Datsun further confirmed what has been observed with other engine tests. An addition of LQG to the combustion event does not have a direct effect on the amount of existing fuel utilized by the vehicle, as vacuum and air fuel relationships remain unchanged. This has reconfirmed that an increase in mileage is through changes to throttle position whilst driving only.

The combustion event has to be managed. It was obvious from this point that there was a need to begin to manage the fuel system to see real and sizable gains with the utilized vehicle. Many changes to the fuel system were made with each change requiring a calibrated test run over a pre-determined circuit consisting of 50km measuring precisely the fuel consumption used for each trip, not looking for 5% improvements, which can be explained with differences in air temperatures and traffic conditions but large leaps in economy (20-30%). Hence, utilizing the small changes discovered to guide the overall direction of further changes.

When retarding the timing tests were conducted from 7° BTDC through to 0° BTDC, which resulted in a noticeable increase in fuel richness and reduction in power. This also resulted in a reduction in mileage.

When advancing the timing it was established that the vehicle could be advanced up to around 17° BTDC before it would begin to ping excessively at speed. Timing was advanced incrementally from 7° BTDC to 15° BTDC with a slight but noticeable reduction in the richness of fuel, which can be attributed to the increased combustion time. Advancing the timing also had an effect on throttle position, which saw minor improvements in mileage, with the optimum performance and mileage being around 12° BTDC. It was clear, as suspected, that greater levels of intervention with the fuel system was required.

Hereafter modifications to the carburetor were made. The carburetor in the Datsun is a twin barrel, consisting of a Primary and Secondary Jet, each with its own air bleed and slow jet. Changes were only made to the primary jet system, as the secondary was avoided during testing and is only engaged at near full throttle. The standard configuration of the primary jets; throttle 0.97mm, air bleed 0.8mm, slow/idle jet 0.5mm. Tests were conducted on the primary throttle jet from 0.55mm through to 0.9mm and air bleed from 0.8mm through to 1.0mm.

On the smaller throttle jet sizes 0.55mm to 0.85mm the vehicle choked whilst in transition from slow/idle jet to primary jet, though once through the transition the car ran reasonably well with a slight reduction in power in the 0.55mm to 0.8mm range.

The idle/slow jet size was tested from 0.5mm through to 1mm in an attempt to overcome the transition issues with little success. A 0.9mm primary jet was then used as this removed the choking effect and idle/slow jet was returned to normal, being 0.5mm.

Mileage testing resumed from this point, as there was little point testing mileage on a vehicle that was not running properly to start with. The mileage testing continued whilst slowly increasing the primary air bleed. 0.85mm, 0.9mm, 0.95mm and 1mm each of the tests saw proportional increases in mileage, with the testing concluding at this stage with the following established results. See Table 3.

Now conclusions made from this experimental phase follow. Even though we believe there is more room for improvement, as the Datsun is still running a little rich, the baseline target was to achieve an increase of 50%, and then document the findings. It was clearly noticeable when the combustion efficiency was increasing, as the vehicle continued to run quieter and smoother and the overall responsiveness increased. The primary air/fuel mixture adjustment on the carburetor needed to be finally adjusted between each change for proper idle and transition between idle/slow and primary jets. As the efficiency increased through a leaner burn, the combustion temperature continued to fall in small increments, with the LQG acting as a combustion aid.

The result of the experimental operation was that once the parameters all fell into place, the little Datsun ran like a train, with a quiet and smooth operation, clean burn coming out of the exhaust and a responsive throttle. Literally, a comment was "I had to look out the window, because I didn't think it was pulling into the driveway". The question now is how the obtained information relates to fuel injected vehicles. It is obvious from the tests that in the larger part that smaller gains of around 15% can be achieved without modification to the existing fuel system, simply by throttle position change. This is given the 02 sensor does not dramatically over compensate for the detected drop in oxygen and send the fuel system into an open loop where mileage could get worse overall. Advancing the timing by a further 5° BTDC can help aid in a cleaner and more complete combustion, without loosing performance or increasing engine temperature. Findings received indicate that this is particularly important with diesel engines, along with a slight reduction in fuel supply.

For fuel injected petrol vehicles, the installation of a device like the EFIE Lambda device modulator produced by Eagle Research is required to ensure that maximum fuel efficiency can be gained. The EFIE device will help to lean the fuel back to the extent allowed by the ECU, which in turn increases the mileage.

The present invention also provides an air filter to a vehicle having a catalytic means to separate the nitrogen in air from oxygen before being mixed with the fuel through fins turbulence/whirling the air stream, thus letting oxygen through, to be mixed with fuel and separating the nitrogen. This contradicts the conventional method of catalysing the exhaust gases. Thus almost pure oxygen is provided to the combustion of the vehicle engine.

There exist probes/sensors measuring the amount of vapours harmful to living beings and other vehicle data, which are installed in vehicles of the present invention to detect the same. The measurements are provided a central computer of the vehicle, which computer also is connected to a GPS positioning system keeping track of the vehicle. The central computer dispatches data about position and measurement data from the probe to a central database via cellular phone, each vehicle having a unique identity related to the database, keeping track of all vehicles taking part in the environmental concept of the present invention.

A vehicle transmitting its failing exhaust vapour output, according to standards set, will through the cellular telephone connected with GPS data of its position be directed to a nearest environmental station, for instance a gas station or a garage, if the measurement of vapour exceeds a stipulated value for the vehicle in question, the gas station having the not necessary equipment to measure and correct failing measurements of vehicle vapour outlet and fixing it to be a correct value of exhaust outlet. If the vehicle driver does not cope with the central database findings, he/she will be given a time period to park the vehicle before the vehicle computer cuts off the operation of the vehicle through a commando by the central database keeping track of all vehicles in the system of the present invention.

In this manner, all the intelligent sensor data of a vehicles running condition can be transmitted via a vehicle watch dog processor to a central server keeping track of vehicles climate data for environmental guidance through the GPS and vehicle mounted cellular phone technology. Moreover, the central data base server can transmit commandos to vehicles through the onboard vehicle cellular phone station, to correct sensor data and/or guide the vehicle to a nearest service station for necessary service. Fig. 9 is schematically illustrating a thermo electric gas reactor system 80 according to the present invention. The system 80 is equipped with an internal gas burner 82 being fed with gas produced by the LQ expansion gas generator connected to a thermoelectric module 84 utilizing the energy in the gas to produce electricity fed back to a system 80 electric system and battery through a heat exchange 86 charging the battery and also producing electricity for external utilization. A condenser 88 feeds water through a water container 90 to the reactor for reuse. Thermoelectric modules are devices having thermoelectric materials sandwiched between ceramic plates. They are solid-state, vibration-free, noise-free heat pumps, pumping the heat from one surface to the other. If the heat at the hot side is dissipated to ambience by a heat sink, this assembly becomes a cooling unit. Not only being a heat pump, the thermoelectric module 84 is also utilized to generate electrical power by converting it from a source of heat such as the internal gas burner 82. Thermo modules are for instance sold by Taihuaxing Trading provided through Thermonamic Electronics(Xiamen) Co., Ltd.

The system 80 provides a loop where a battery is connected to the generator, which generates gas according too the above description. Gas is fed to a buffer with a waterbed which lets the gas bubble through it to pass through a branch valve where a part of the gas is fed to a flame arrestor and further to an internal gas burner 82. The residue of gas is fed to a system for utilization or storage of gas. Gas burner 82 heats a heat exchanger plate where one of its faces is connected to a thermo electric element making up the thermo electric system 84, which elements are cooled at one of its faces by air or by a device functioning like a refrigerator.

The gas burner 82 is connected to a closed loop letting condensed water being returned to the system 80 through a water container 90. This container 90 is connected to the reactor water tank which provides water to the reactor through a water system. Electricity produced by the thermo module thermo element charges the battery through a fast electric capacitor system provided in the electric exchange 86. The loop makes it possible to provide that surplus gas can be retrieved as a net effect, and that surplus also can be retrieved as electric current. By utilizing the surplus gas in a succeeding group of thermo electric burners 82 all surplus gas can be externally exported as electric energy.

The gas reactor system 80 and the thermo electric system 84, which is scalable makes it possible to build it in big systems, or to be reduced in nano technology as batteries for small units. A system 80 can be utilized as a sustainable or self charging battery, or gas generator. The energy is provided through sub atomic ion charges much like a heat pump but on a sub atomic level.

Although, the present invention has been described by examples and embodiments, it is appreciated that it is not limited to those, but to what a person skilled in the art can derive from the attached set of claims. Tables

Tablei

Driving type:

City Highway

MPG L/100km MPG L/100km

23 10.23 35 6.72

Table2 Driving type:

City Highway

I MPG I L/100km I MPG I L/1OOkm

I I

Average Increase from Average

I I I

I

I Increase of 15% I Increase I 15% I Table3 Driving type:

City Highway

I MPG I L/100 km I I MPG I L/100 km I

I I I I I

I I I I

Average Increase from Average

34 6.92 54 4.36 Increase of 47 % Increase 54 %

Claims

Claims:

1. A thermo electric gas reactor (10) system comprising: an internal gas burner (82), being fed with gas produced by a gas reactor (10), and connected to a thermoelectric module (84), utilizing the energy in the gas to produce electricity fed back to an electric system and a battery through an heat exchange and an electric exchange (86), charging said battery and producing electricity for external utilization in a closed loop; a condenser feeding water through a water container (90) to said reactor (10) for reuse; said gas burner (82) being provided in said closed loop, letting condensed water being returned to said reactor system through said water container (90), which is connected to a reactor water tank, providing water to the reactor, electricity being produced by the thermo module thermo element (84) charging said battery.

2. A system according to claim 1 , wherein electricity produced by said thermo module thermo element charging said battery through a fast electric capacitor system provided in said electric exchange (86).

3. A system according to claim 1 , wherein surplus gas is utilized in a succeeding group of thermo electric burners, and surplus gas being system externally exported as electric energy.

4. A gas reactor module, comprising: a gas reactor assembly (10) adapted to produce oxygen and hydrogen by branching at least one of water molecules and a composition of it; two lids acting as a face member (12) and a bottom member (12) of said assembly (10), said face member (12) having an inlet valve (20) for filling of at least one of water and a composition of water, which molecules are to be branched by said reactor (10), and said bottom member having at least one outlet valve (22) for branched gaseous oxygen and hydrogen; at least one plate (18) of paramagnetic material positioned between said members (12), which has an aperture (30) through which the at least one of water and a composition of water can flow when filling the reactor and where the branched oxygen and hydrogen can pass to the outlet valve (22); and said gas reactor (10) providing a modular reactor assembly (10) such that it can be assembled to a predetermined size comprising at least two sealing members (16) having an inner and outer diameter, and the inner diameter is provided with a sealing material (26), said sealing material (26) being thicker than said plate (18), thus making up two cells between two sealing members (16) where at least one of water molecules and a composition of it is to be branched into gaseous oxygen and hydrogen when operating said gas reactor module (10).

5. A gas reactor to claim 4, wherein said inlet valve (20) makes up an anode, and the outlet valve (22) a cathode to be connected to a source of electrical power to induce branching of molecules through an anode wire (24) to be connected to said source of electrical power.

6. A gas reactor to claim 4, wherein a second outlet is attached and utilized to empty/tap the reactor of used water or its composition, which constitutes deuterium to be reused in other technical fields.