WO2009152771A1

WO2009152771A1 - Mechanized seed production method for hybrid crops

Info

Publication number: WO2009152771A1
Application number: PCT/CN2009/072325
Authority: WO
Inventors: 施建达
Original assignee: Shi Jianda
Priority date: 2008-06-18
Filing date: 2009-06-17
Publication date: 2009-12-23
Also published as: CN101317546A

Abstract

Provided is a seed production method. The method includes that a male parent and a female parent are sowed or planted individually, where the said male parent is combined by at least two member parents, and the said at least two member parents florescence is to be stagger, and the period that the male parent meets the female parent is longer than or equal to that of any single member parent, so that the said combined male parent florescence corresponds with the said female parent harmoniously. The method leaves out the subsequent sowing or planting steps of the male parent as conventional seed production methods.

Description

说明书杂交作物的机械化制种方法技术领域 Description: Mechanized seed production methods for hybrid crops

本发明涉及农业领域，具体涉及杂交作物的制种方法。背景技术 The invention relates to the field of agriculture, and in particular to a method for seed production of hybrid crops. Background technique

杂交作物制种（也称杂交作物的种子的生产或作物杂交育种）是指对作物的不同品种（包括亚种）间进行杂交，并在其杂交后代中选育具有杂种优势（高产和优良品性）的品种的方法。在农业上一般指同种作物内不同品种之间的杂交育种，所选用的父本品种与母本品种一般在遗传上有一定差异，同时它们的优良性状又能互补，两者进行杂交，将生产出的具有杂种优势的第一代杂交种用于生产。 Hybrid crop seed production (also known as seed production or cross-breeding of hybrid crops) refers to the hybridization between different varieties (including subspecies) of the crop and the selection of heterosis in the hybrid progeny (high yield and good quality) Sex) method of variety. In agriculture, it generally refers to the cross breeding between different varieties in the same crop. The selected male and female varieties are generally genetically different, and their excellent traits can complement each other. The first generation hybrids with heterosis were produced for production.

在我国，杂交作物的优势利用和制种技术取得了许多重大突破，这方面技术在杂交水稻和杂交玉米上开发应用得最为成功，另外杂交小麦、高粱、大豆、油菜等其他的杂交农作物也已经广泛应用到生产中。 In China, many major breakthroughs have been made in the superior utilization and seed production techniques of hybrid crops. This technology has been most successfully developed and applied on hybrid rice and hybrid corn. In addition, hybrid wheat, sorghum, soybean, rape and other hybrid crops have also been Widely used in production.

杂交作物的制种过程，主要包括亲本（父本和母本）育栽阶段、授粉阶段、收获种子阶段，这三个阶段一般来说都要靠手工操作才能保证收获的杂交种子的产量和纯度。目前，劳动密集型、效率低下的制繁种技术已经严重制约了我国杂交作物制种生产的进一步发展，同时也严重影响了我国杂交作物尤其是杂交水稻的制种技术向世界各地进一步推广。因此，若是将上述制种过程的三个阶段从手工操作改变成机械化操作，可以大大降低制种成本且方便推广应用。 The seed production process of hybrid crops mainly includes parental (parent and maternal) breeding stage, pollination stage, and harvesting stage. These three stages generally rely on manual operation to ensure the yield and purity of the harvested hybrid seeds. . At present, labor-intensive and inefficient systems and techniques have severely restricted the further development of hybrid crop production in China, and have also seriously affected the production techniques of hybrid crops, especially hybrid rice, in China. Therefore, if the three stages of the above seed production process are changed from manual operation to mechanized operation, the seed production cost can be greatly reduced and the application can be facilitated.

现有技术中，上述的亲本育栽阶段一般采用传统的父母本分开来播栽的方式，近年来出现了混播混栽的方式。有些作物如水稻需先播种后栽插秧苗，那么播栽是指播种和栽插，而有些作物只需要直接播种即可，不需要重新栽插，那么播栽即指播种。 In the prior art, the above-mentioned parent breeding stage generally adopts a method in which the traditional parents are separately planted, and in recent years, a mixed-mixing method has appeared. Some crops such as rice need to be planted and then planted with seedlings. Then planting refers to sowing and planting, while some crops only need to be directly planted, and no need to replant, then planting refers to sowing.

所述的混播混栽是指将父母本的种子混在一起进行播种育苗、秧苗混在一起栽插，虽然混播混栽可以较容易地实现机械化，育栽程序大大简化，但也存在一些问题，譬如给收获种子阶段带来了麻烦，如何才能将杂交种子与父本分离开或者只收获杂交种子。一类方法是利用父本与杂交种子之间的特殊的表型差异来分选，例如，公告号为 The mixed planting refers to mixing the seeds of the parents to sow seedlings and planting the seedlings together. Although the mixed planting can be easily mechanized, the breeding process is greatly simplified, but there are also some problems, such as giving The harvesting stage brings trouble, how to separate the hybrid seeds from the male parent or only harvest the hybrid seeds. One type of method is to use a special phenotypic difference between the male parent and the hybrid seed to sort, for example, the bulletin number is

CN1180680C的中国发明专利文献公开了一种杂交水稻的机械化制种方法，该方法主要包括父母本的混播育苗和混栽、混收父本和杂交种子、将父本和杂交种子分离，最后的分离步骤是由于采用了颖壳颜色不同的父本与母本从而可以利用颖壳颜色上的差异来机械化分选父本和杂交种子。另外，还有一类方法，是在育栽前选育带有除草剂相关基因型的父或母本，例如采用带有对除草剂敏感的基因（水稻苯达松敏感基因，详见专利号为 00106671.4的中国发明专利）的父本和不携带该基因的母本，或采用导入了抗除草剂基因的母本和普通恢复系，之后在特定阶段施用相应的除草剂使父本死亡或不结实，最后只收获杂交种子，同时也避免了收获种子后的分选问题。 The Chinese invention patent document of CN1180680C discloses a mechanized seed production method for hybrid rice, which mainly comprises mixing seedlings and mixed plants of parents, mixing fathers and hybrid seeds, separating fathers and hybrid seeds, and finally separating. The step is to use the difference between the color of the hull to mechanize the sorting of the male parent and the hybrid seed by using the male and female parents with different color of the hull. In addition, there is a method of breeding a parent or a female parent with a herbicide-related genotype before breeding, for example, a gene with a herbicide-sensitive gene (potentdazad sensitive gene, see Patent No. The parent of the Chinese invention patent of 00106671.4 and the female parent who does not carry the gene, or the parent and common restorer line into which the herbicide resistance gene has been introduced, and then apply the corresponding herbicide at a specific stage to make the father dead or not strong. Finally, only the hybrid seeds are harvested, and the sorting problem after harvesting the seeds is also avoided.

上述的两类混播混栽方法基本上在制种过程的主要操作阶段都实现了机械化，即可以机械化混播混栽，又达到了机械化收割，然而两者都需要在育栽前选育特殊基因型的父或母本，一方面选育亲本的周期很长，大大延后了杂交作物的制种进程，另一方面较难保证特殊基因型的父本与母本的生育期相近。实践中大多数强优势杂交组合的父母本的生育期不一致或差期大，因此当采用混播制种时，无法确保父母本的花期相遇或良好相遇，而花期相遇是确保杂交作物制种成功的关键。 The above two types of mixed-mixing methods basically mechanize in the main operation stages of the seed production process, that is, mechanized mixing and planting, and mechanized harvesting, but both need to select special genotypes before breeding. The father or mother, on the one hand, has a long period of breeding parents, which greatly delays the seed production process of hybrid crops. On the other hand, it is difficult to ensure that the male parent of the special genotype is similar to the maternal birth period. In practice, the parents of most strong dominant hybrid combinations have inconsistent or large differences in growth period. Therefore, when mixed seed production is adopted, it is impossible to ensure that the flowering period of the parents meets or meets well, and the flowering period meets to ensure the successful seed production of hybrid crops. The essential.

传统的播种栽插方式：父母本不混杂在一起，一般分别分行播栽。为了自然授粉时保证有足够的花粉供应母本，以提高母本的异交结实率，一方面母本离父本的行距不能太大，另一方面还需按照适宜的行比，且通常大致间隔地来播栽父母本（每几行母本的两侧都平行种几行父本）。然而，通常情况下，由于父本的散粉持续时间比母本的开花持续时间或花丝的生活力保持时间短，为了确保父母本花期相遇良好，且使母本整个花期有足够的花粉量供应，还需要进行父本分期播栽，即依次是一期父本（与母本同期或错期播栽）、二期父本，有时甚至还要播栽三期父本，这样一来几期父本的散粉时间综合在一起能够与更大部分的母本花期相遇，尤其是与母本花期中的盛期（也称盛花期）相遇，最好是基本上能够与母本的整个花期相遇。在实际操作中，由于受到上述的行距等因素的限制，在分期播栽的整个过程中，仅首期播栽可以采用机械化操作，第二期以及以后的播栽都只能采用人工的方式。 Traditional seeding and planting methods: Parents are not mixed together, and they are usually planted separately. In order to ensure sufficient supply of pollen to the female parent during natural pollination, in order to improve the maternal cross-over rate, on the one hand, the distance between the female parent and the male parent should not be too large, on the other hand, according to the appropriate line ratio, and usually Parents are broadcast at intervals (every line of the parent is a few lines of parent). However, usually, because the father's loose powder duration is shorter than the maternal flowering duration or the filigree viability, in order to ensure that the parents meet the flowering period well, and the maternal flowering period has sufficient pollen supply, It is also necessary to carry out the parental staged planting, that is, the first phase of the father (in the same period as the mother or the wrong period), the second period of the father, and sometimes even the third period of the father, so that several parents The powder loosening time can be combined to meet a larger part of the maternal flowering period, especially in the maturity of the maternal flowering period (also known as the flowering period), and it is preferable to basically meet the entire flowering period of the female parent. In actual operation, due to the above-mentioned line spacing and other factors, in the whole process of staged planting, only the first stage of planting can be mechanized, and the second and subsequent planting can only be done manually.

总之，传统的父母本分开来播种栽插的方式的优点在于，收获种子阶段可以依次地按行来分别收父本和杂交种子，可以自由地采用机械化的形式操作，但是缺点在于：分期播栽必须分多次进行，不仅费时费力，并且育栽阶段无法完全实现机械化操作。发明内容 In short, the advantage of the traditional parental method of seeding and planting separately is that the harvesting seed stage can sequentially receive the male parent and the hybrid seed in rows, and can be freely operated in a mechanized form, but the disadvantage is: It must be carried out in multiple times, which is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also cannot be fully mechanized during the breeding stage. Summary of the invention

本发明一方面提供了一种杂交作物的制种方法，该方法包括亲本的育栽阶段，在所述的育栽阶段父本与母本不混杂分别进行播栽，其中： In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for seed production of a hybrid crop, which comprises a breeding stage of a parent, wherein the parent and the female are not mixed separately during the breeding stage, wherein:

所述的父本为包含了至少两个成员父本的组合父本； The parent is a combined parent that contains at least two members of the parent;

所有成员父本同期播栽； All members of the father are broadcast at the same time;

所述组合父本中包含至少两个经过所述育栽阶段后能够与所述的母本花期相遇的成员父本，这些成员父本中至少有两个的花期相错开，且所述的组合父本的总花期与所述母本花期相遇的部分大于或等于任何一个成员父本的花期与所述母本花期相遇的部分。 The combination parent includes at least two members of the parent who are able to meet the mating flowering period after the breeding stage, and at least two of the members of the parent are staggered, and the combination is The part of the total flowering period of the male parent that meets the mating flowering period is greater than or equal to any The part of the flowering period of the parent of the member that meets the mating flowering period.

为确保父母本花期良好相遇，现有技术中通常釆用分期播栽父本的方式，前后错开一定时间依次播栽几期父本，以达到几期父本的总花期与更大部分的母本花期相遇。发明人发现了可以利用花期相错开的几个父本来巧妙地解决需分期播栽父本的问题。 In order to ensure a good encounter between parents in the flowering period, in the prior art, the method of planting the male parent in stages is usually used, and the fathers are planted in sequence for a certain period of time, so as to reach the total flowering period of a few parents and a larger part of the mother. This flower meets. The inventors have discovered that it is possible to use the several fathers who are staggered in the flowering period to skillfully solve the problem of propagating the father in stages.

本发明选育了经过育栽阶段后能够与母本花期相遇的成员父本，所述成父本中至少两个的花期相错开，且所述的组合父本的总花期与所述母本花期相遇的部分大于或等于任何一个成父本的花期与所述母本花期相遇的部分，即组合父本能更好地与母本花期相遇。这样一来就可以将所有的成员父本同期播栽，首先保证了能够达到分期播栽所能实现的花期良好相遇的效果，然后由于只需要播栽一期父本，不仅省去了传统播栽方式的分期播栽中的后续几期人工播栽的程序，并且可以在育栽阶段自由地使用机械化操作，节省人力和时间、降低制种成本、方便推广应用。采用本发明方案，解决了传统播栽的多次播栽以及无法实现机械化问题，实现了传统播栽的机械化，事实上，也就实现了整个制种过程的机械化（现有技术中采用传统播栽后的收获阶段可以自由采用机械化操作）。所述的亲本育栽阶段，是指将杂交作物的父母本播栽在制种田中，本发明釆用的是传统的播种栽插方式，即将父本与母本分开来播栽。在本发明的一个具体实施方案中，在育栽阶段将父本与母本按照适宜的行比和密度分行来进行播栽，本领域技术人员可以凭借经验并根据所选用的作物种类、制种田的具体情况、气候情况来选择合适的行比和密度。并且，授粉阶段选择自然授粉还是人工授粉，也对行比和密度的选择有影响。在本发明的一个可选的具体实施方案中，所述的父本与母本同期播种同期栽插。可选的，父母本错期播种同期栽插。或者，父母本错期播种错期栽插。或者也可以选择同期播种或错期播种。对于种植的行距比较小（无法容纳现有的播栽机器）的作物，最好是将父本与母本同期播种或同期栽插，这样才能在育栽阶段完全实现机械化，例如水稻，父母本的行距一般不得大于 30cm , 若将父母本错期栽插，则第二次栽插的亲本一般只能通过人工的方式栽种，而将父母本同期栽插（当然可以选择错期或同期播种），就能采用机械化操作。对于种植的行距比较大（可以容纳现有的播栽机器）的作物，例如玉米，行间距一般为 50~70cm，可以选择将父母本同期或错期播种。所述的父本为至少两个成员父本组合而成的组合父本。 The present invention selects the male parent of the member who can meet the female flowering period after the breeding stage, and the flowering period of at least two of the male parent is staggered, and the total flowering period of the combined male parent and the female parent The part of the flowering period that meets is greater than or equal to the part of the flowering period in which the male parent meets the mating flowering period, that is, the combined father can better meet the female flowering period. In this way, all the members of the parent can be planted at the same time. Firstly, it can ensure the effect of the good encounter of the flowering period that can be achieved by the staged planting. Then, since only one parent is needed, the traditional broadcast is not only saved. The subsequent stages of artificial planting in the staged planting of the planting method, and the mechanized operation can be freely used in the breeding stage, saving manpower and time, reducing the seed production cost, and facilitating the popularization and application. By adopting the solution of the invention, the multiple broadcasting of the traditional planting and the mechanization problem can not be solved, and the mechanization of the traditional seeding is realized, and in fact, the mechanization of the whole seed production process is realized (the traditional broadcast is adopted in the prior art) The harvesting stage after planting can be freely mechanized. The parental breeding stage refers to planting the parents of the hybrid crops in the seeding field. The present invention uses the traditional seeding and planting method, that is, the male parent and the female parent are separately planted. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the male parent and the female parent are planted according to the appropriate row ratio and density branch during the breeding stage, and those skilled in the art can rely on experience and according to the selected crop species and the seeding field. The specific conditions and climate conditions to choose the right row ratio and density. Moreover, whether natural pollination or artificial pollination is selected during the pollination stage also has an effect on the choice of row ratio and density. In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the male parent and the female parent are simultaneously planted at the same time. Alternatively, the parent is planted in the same period of time. Or, the parents planted the wrong period in the wrong period. Alternatively, you can choose to plant in the same period or in the wrong time. For crops with a small row spacing (which cannot accommodate existing planting machines), it is best to plant the male parent and the female parent at the same time or in the same period so that mechanization can be fully realized during the breeding stage, such as rice, parents. The line spacing is generally not more than 30cm. If the parents are planted in the wrong period, the parents who are planted for the second time can only be planted by artificial means, and the parents will be transplanted at the same time (of course, they can choose the wrong period or the same period) , mechanized operation can be used. For crops with a large row spacing (which can accommodate existing planting machines), such as corn, the spacing between the rows is generally 50-70 cm. You can choose to plant your parents in the same period or in the wrong period. The parent is a combined parent of at least two member parents.

所有成父本应同期播栽，可以在育栽阶段实现机械化操作。在本发明的一个具体实施方案中，成父本可以不混杂在一起同期播栽，即将各个成员父本分别播栽，优选的，将各个成员父本分别分行播栽。在本发明的另一个具体实施方案中，所有成员父本混杂在一起播栽，即父本的混播混栽方式。在本发明的一个优选的具体实施方案中，将所有成员父本的种子按一定比例（占总数量的比例）混匀后在一起播种（若还需要栽插的话，则还将所有成员父本的秧苗混在一起栽插）。本领域技术人员可以凭借经验，根据作物的种类、成员父本的品种、气候情况结合成员父本与母本花期相遇的情况，尤其是与母本花期中的盛期相遇的情况，来具体选择合适的成员父本的比例。另外，发明人在应用实践中发现，将生育期有差异的不同成员父本混种在一起时，有的发育得早一点，有的发育得晚一点，植株形态、高度略有差异，形成一定的层次，群体结构更有利于光合作用，为夺取高产创造了更有利条件。 All the fathers should have been planted at the same time, and they can be mechanized in the breeding stage. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the parent can be broadcasted without being mixed together, that is, the parent members of each member are separately planted, and preferably, the parent members of each member are separately planted. In another embodiment of the present invention, all members of the parent are mixed together, that is, the mixed mode of the parent. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the seeds of all the members of the parent are mixed in a certain proportion (in proportion to the total amount) and then sown together (if it is necessary to be planted, all members of the parent will be The seedlings are mixed together and planted). Those skilled in the art can rely on experience, according to the type of crop, the breed of the parent, and the climatic conditions, in combination with the situation where the parent and the female parent meet each other, especially in the case of meeting the maturity of the female flowering period, to specifically select The proportion of the appropriate member of the parent. In addition, the inventor found in the application practice that when the male members of different members with different growth periods are mixed together, some develop earlier, some develop later, and the plant shape and height are slightly different, forming a certain The level of the group structure is more conducive to photosynthesis and creates more favorable conditions for capturing high yields.

所述的经过所述育栽阶段后能够与所述的母本花期相遇的成员父本，是指将父母本分别播栽后，成员父本的花期至少与母本的部分花期相遇（也可以说，成员父本的花期与至少母本的部分花期重合）。在本发明的一个具体实施方案中，组合父本与母本同期播种（包括同期播种同期栽插、同期播种不重新栽插、同期播种错期栽插三种情形）, 那么成员父本与母本之间生育期长短的比较决定了成员父本的花期是否能与母本的相遇，即成员父本与母本的生育期长短需大致相近。在本发明的另一个具体实施方案中，组合父本与母本错期播种（包括错期播种同期栽插、错期播种不重新栽插、错期播种错期栽插三种情形）, 那么即使成员父本的生育期长短与母本的不相近，则通过播种的错期也能够将成员父本的花期调整到与母本的相遇。 The parent of the member who can meet the mating flowering period after the breeding stage means that after the parents are separately planted, the flowering period of the member's male parent meets at least part of the flowering period of the female parent (may also Said that the flowering period of the member's male parent coincides with at least part of the flowering period of the female parent). In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the combination of the male parent and the female parent is planted simultaneously (including the same During the same period of planting, the same period of planting, no planting in the same period, and the same period of planting in the same period, the comparison of the length of the parental period between the parent and the female parent determines whether the flowering period of the male parent can be compared with the female parent. The encounter, that is, the length of the parental period of the member's father and the mother must be roughly the same. In another specific embodiment of the present invention, the combination of the male parent and the female parent is planted in a wrong period (including the simultaneous planting of the wrong seeding, the wrong seeding, the replanting, and the wrong seeding). Even if the length of the parental period of the member is not similar to that of the female parent, the flowering period of the member's father can be adjusted to meet the female parent through the wrong period of planting.

这些与母本花期相遇的成员父本中至少有两个的花期相错开，花期相错开可以是花期开始的时间相错开，也可以是花期结束的时间相错开。一般来说，属于同类作物的相同或不同品种的父本的花期长度相差不大，而且这些成员父本都是同期播栽，因此只需要使选育的成员父本的花期开始的时间相错开，即选育生育期长度不同的成员父本。 At least two of the flower members of the male parents who meet the maternal flowering period are staggered, and the flowering period may be staggered at the beginning of the flowering period or at the end of the flowering period. In general, the lengths of the flowering period of the same or different breeds of the same kind of crops are not much different, and the fathers of these members are all planted at the same time, so it is only necessary to stagger the start of the flowering period of the male members of the selected members. That is, the male parent of the members with different lengths of birth period is selected.

所述的组合父本的总花期与所述母本花期相遇的部分大于或等于任何一个成员父本的花期与所述母本花期相遇的部分，即组合父本能更好地与母本花期相遇。在本发明的一个具体实施方案中，所述能够与母本花期相遇的成员父本中，花期最早的成员父本与花期最晚的成员父本的花期开始的时间前后相差 2~15天。发明人经过大量的实践，发现花期错开范围在 2~15天内，能够保证父母本花期良好相遇，适用于各类作物。在本发明的另一个具体实施方案中，所述能够与母本花期相遇的成员父本中，至少有一个成员父本的花期开始的时间与母本的大致相同，且至少还有一个成员父本的花期开始的时间比母本的晚 2〜5天，采用该方案，基本上能够保证组合父本与母本花期中的盛期 (即盛花期）相遇，适用于各类作物。在本发明的另一个具体实施方案中，所述的组合父本的总花期基本上能够与所述母本的整个花期相遇。组合父本的总花期是指所有成员父本的花期合并后的集合。这是一个较为理想的方案，选育多个花期相错开的成员父本，组合起来的花期能够覆盖母本的整个花期，使母本在整个花期都处于授粉状态，即一个花期良好相遇的状态，能够确保杂交制种的产量。进一步地，提高组合父本中能与母本盛花期相遇的成员父本比例（占总数量的比例），尤其是提高能与母本盛花期良好相遇的成员父本的比例。本领域技术人可以根据经验和具体情况来选择成员父本的比例，前面已经叙述。所述的父本为至少两个成员父本组合而成的组合父本。关于成员父本的选择，在本发明的一个具体实施方案中，所选择的成员父本的品种都相同（或着说来源于同一个品种），仅生育期长短有差异，其他性状相近。在本发明的一个优选的具体实施方案中，所选择的成员父本的品种都相同（或着说来源于同一个品种），仅生育期长短有差异，其他性状基本一致。所谓 "品种相同，仅生育期长短有差异，其他性状基本一致" 的稳定遗传的选系可以称为差期同型系。目前，本领域还没有 "差期同型系" 这一术语，发明人在基于本发明的发明构思的研究过程中自创了这一术语。由于所有成员父本同期播栽，这样一来，生育期长短差异可以实现花期相错开，品种相同且其他性状相近或基本一致就可以保证所制种得到的杂交作物的性状相近或基本一致，同时不会削弱杂交组合的优势表现，并且制种的过程也比较好操作监控。在本发明的另一个具体实施方案中，可以选择不同品种且生育期长短有差异的成員父本，但一般来说，所选择的各个不同品种的成员父本最好是不会削弱杂交组合的优势表现，最好选用已知的、已应用推广的父本品种，且不同品种的成员父本同期播栽后与母本的杂交过程相互之间最好没有不良影响，例如一般不能加入授粉竟争优势较强、影响其他品种父本授粉的品种，这些都是本领域技术人员所熟知的。 The portion of the combined male parent's total flowering period and the maternal flowering period is greater than or equal to the portion of the flowering period of any one member's male parent and the mating flowering period, that is, the combined male parent can better meet the female parental flowering period. . In a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the parent of the member who can meet the female flowering period, the flowering period of the earliest member of the flowering period and the flowering period of the latest member of the flowering period are different from each other by 2 to 15 days. After a lot of practice, the inventor found that the flowering period is staggered within 2~15 days, which can ensure that the parents meet in the flowering period and apply to all kinds of crops. In another specific embodiment of the present invention, in the parent of the member that can meet the maternal flowering period, at least one member of the parent has a flowering period beginning substantially the same as the female parent, and at least one member parent The flowering period begins 2 to 5 days later than the female parent. With this scheme, it is basically ensured that the combination of the male parent and the maternal flowering period (ie, the flowering period) meets and is applicable to various crops. In another embodiment of the invention, the total flowering period of the combined paternal is substantially capable of meeting the entire flowering period of the maternal. The total flowering period of the combined parent is the combined collection of the flowering periods of all the members' parents. This is an ideal solution for breeding multiple male members with staggered flowering periods. The combined flowering period can cover the entire flowering period of the female parent, so that the female parent is pollinated throughout the flowering period. That is, a state in which the flowering period meets well, and the yield of the hybrid seed production can be ensured. Further, the proportion of the male parent of the combined male parent who can meet the maternal flowering period (the proportion of the total number) is raised, especially the proportion of the male parent who can meet the maternal flowering period. A person skilled in the art can select the proportion of the member's parent according to experience and specific circumstances, which has been described above. The parent is a combined parent of at least two member parents. Regarding the selection of the member's male parent, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the selected members have the same breed (or originate from the same breed), and only the length of the growth period is different, and other traits are similar. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the selected members have the same breeds (or originate from the same breed), and only the length of the growth period is different, and other traits are basically the same. The so-called "same variety, only the length of the growth period is different, the other traits are basically the same" stable genetic selection system can be called the difference homotype. At present, there is no term in the art of "difference homotypic", and the inventors have coined this term in the research process based on the inventive concept of the present invention. Since all the members of the parent are planted at the same time, the difference in growth period can realize that the flowering period is staggered, and the varieties are the same and other traits are similar or substantially identical to ensure that the hybrid crops obtained by the seed are similar or substantially identical in traits. It does not weaken the superior performance of the hybrid combination, and the process of seed production is also better for operational monitoring. In another embodiment of the present invention, members of different breeds having different growth periods may be selected, but in general, the members of the different breeds selected preferably do not weaken the hybrid combination. Advantages, it is best to use the known, applied and promoted paternal breeds, and the members of different breeds have better adverse effects on the hybridization process with the female parent after the same period of breeding. For example, it is generally not possible to join the pollination. Those who have a strong competitive advantage and influence the parental pollination of other varieties are well known to those skilled in the art.

为了使杂交种子及其产出物的純度达到世界各国现行的标准要求，当然最理想的实施方案是选育差期同型系，采用该方案不必担心杂交种子的纯度问题。但是也可以从已知的、已应用推广的父本品种中选择不同品种且生育期长短有差异的成员父本作为过渡。 In order to make the purity of hybrid seeds and their products meet the current national standards, the most ideal implementation plan is to select the same type of the same type. The purity of hybrid seeds. However, it is also possible to select a parent of a different breed and a difference in the length of the birth period from the known and applied spread parent species as a transition.

在育栽阶段前，所述的成负父本可以通过以下任何一种方式选育： Before the breeding stage, the negative father can be selected by any of the following methods:

1 )从现有已知的各种父本中筛选，即从已经推广应用的各品种父本中选择生育期长短有差异的成员父本。在本发明的一个具体实施方案中，从已知品种的父本中筛选出品种不同且生育期长短有差异的成员父本。当然，也希望能从已知品种的父本中筛选出品种相同的成员父本，但是现有技术中基本不能实现。 1) Screening from various known male parents, that is, selecting the male parent of the difference in the length of the birth period from the male parents of various varieties that have been promoted and applied. In a specific embodiment of the invention, members of the known breed are screened for members of the parent who have different breeds and different lengths of growth. Of course, it is also desirable to screen out the same member of the parent from the parent of the known variety, but it is basically impossible to achieve in the prior art.

2 )从特定品种父本的发生天然变异或遗传分离的子代中筛选，并进一步获得稳定遗传的所述成员父本。在本发明的一个具体实施方案中，在某一水稻恢复系（已知品种父本）品种繁殖田中寻找抽穗期与周围植林稍有不同（抽穗期早几天或晚几天）的变异林。进一步的，寻找的变异株的其他表型、性状与周围植林非常相近或基本一致。到成熟阶段后收获变异株的种子，经过连续多次加代并逐代选择优良单林进行分株繁殖，到某一代经种植鉴定确认不再有分离，即性状（包括对不育系的恢复能力）稳定遗传，则将该选系繁殖留种，作为成员父本用于本发明的杂交作物制种方法。 2) Screening from the progeny of the natural variant or genetic separation of the specific breed of the male parent, and further obtaining the stable parent of the member. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a mutant forest having a slightly different heading stage from the surrounding plantations (early days or a few days before heading) is found in the breeding field of a rice restorer line (known male parent). Further, the other phenotypes and traits of the mutants sought are very similar or substantially identical to the surrounding plantations. After the maturity stage, the seeds of the mutant strains are harvested, and after repeated additions and successive selection of excellent single forests for ramets propagation, it is confirmed that there is no separation, that is, traits (including the recovery ability of the sterile lines). If the inheritance is stable, the selected line is propagated and seeded, and the member is used as a member of the present invention for the hybrid crop seed production method of the present invention.

3 )对特定品种父本进行人工诱变或基因改造后 , 并进一步获得稳定遗传的所述成员父本。人工诱变的方式可以很多，最常用的如利用秋水仙碱、辐射线、异常温度、航天环境等化学或物理因素诱导生物体遗传性状发生变异，再通过选择，培育出新品种。也可以用基因改造的方式。这些都是本领域技术人员所熟知的。优选的，采用物化方法对特定品种父本进行人工诱变。尽量不采用转基因技术，因为可能会对环境和人畜的安全有影响。诱变后的筛选方法同 2 ) 中所述。 3) After artificial mutagenesis or genetic modification of a particular breed parent, and further obtaining a stable inheritance of the parent of the member. There are many ways of artificial mutagenesis. The most common ones are the use of colchicine, radiation, abnormal temperature, aerospace environment and other chemical or physical factors to induce the genetic traits of the organism to mutate, and then select new varieties. It is also possible to use genetic modification. These are well known to those skilled in the art. Preferably, artificial mutagenesis of a particular breed parent is carried out by a physicochemical method. Try not to use GM technology because it may have an impact on the environment and the safety of humans and animals. The screening method after mutagenesis is as described in 2).

可以通过 1 ) 、 2 ) 、 3 ) 方式，尤其是 2 ) 、 3 ) 方式来选育上述差期同型系的成员父本用作本发明的杂交作物制种方法。 The parent of the above-mentioned difference homologous line can be selected as the hybrid crop seed production method of the present invention by the methods 1), 2), 3), especially 2) and 3).

在本发明的一个优选实施方案中，采用 2 ) 方式来选育差期同型系的成员父本。 In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the 2) method is used to select the same type of difference The member of the department is the parent.

另外，选育生育期长短差异的成员父本的过程比上述的一些携带特殊基因（显现特定颜色颖壳基因、对除草剂敏感的基因等）的父本的选育过程要容易很多，尤其是采用 2 ) 方式来筛选，耗时较短，不会影响制种的进程；另一方面，选育差期同型系成员父本用于杂交制种，一般来说不会削弱杂交组合的优势表现，有的甚至能够起到显著的增产作用。 In addition, the process of breeding the male parent of the difference in growth period is much easier than the above-mentioned breeding process of carrying a special gene (a gene showing a specific color of the hull gene, a herbicide-sensitive gene, etc.), especially Screening by 2) is short-lived and does not affect the process of seed production. On the other hand, the breeding of the same-type members of the same type of parent is used for hybrid seed production, and generally does not weaken the superior performance of the hybrid combination. Some can even play a significant role in increasing production.

所述的杂交作物属于农作物。在本发明的一个具体实施方式中，杂交作物的种类为水稻。在本发明的另一个具体实施方式中，杂交作物的种类为玉米。另外，杂交作物也可以为小麦、高粱、向日葵或油菜等其他农作物。 The hybrid crops belong to crops. In a specific embodiment of the invention, the species of the hybrid crop is rice. In another embodiment of the invention, the species of the hybrid is corn. In addition, the hybrid crop can also be other crops such as wheat, sorghum, sunflower or rape.

本发明另一方面提供了按上述制种方法获得的杂交作物。 Another aspect of the invention provides a hybrid crop obtained by the seed production method described above.

另外，在育栽阶段，本领域技术人员可以凭借经验，根据作物种类、亲本品种以及当年的具体的气候因素来具体选择其他的育栽条件，在此不加赘述。 In addition, in the breeding stage, the skilled person in the art can select other breeding conditions according to the crop species, the parent species and the specific climatic factors of the year by experience, and no further description is given here.

授粉阶段可以采用自然授粉，也可以采用人工授粉。 The pollination stage can be either natural pollination or artificial pollination.

收获阶段，父母本成熟后可以实行分机收割（同步交替作业），或用单台收割机同时收割父母本并且确保杂交种子与父本种子隔离不混杂。收获的杂交种子单独摊晒或由烘干机烘干后统一精选加工、包装与储存，然后用于生产；父本种子，因各成员父本的种子混杂且比例不确定，所以一般不留种，作为产品直接进入消费市场。具体实施方式 At the harvest stage, parents can perform an extension harvest (synchronous alternate operation), or use a single harvester to harvest the parents at the same time and ensure that the hybrid seeds are not separated from the parent seeds. The harvested hybrid seeds are separately sun-baked or dried by a dryer and then uniformly selected for processing, packaging and storage, and then used for production; the parent seed, because the seeds of each member's father are mixed and the ratio is uncertain, so generally do not stay. Kind, as a product directly into the consumer market. detailed description

实施例 1: Example 1:

水稻：两优培粳（亲本：培矮 64S/94205 ) 和信杂粳 1号（亲本：培矮 64S/豫粳 3号）是河南省信阳市农科所选育的两系籼粳亚种间杂交组合。本实施例中采用的母本为培矮 64S, 由于正常年份母本培矮 64S 在信阳地区播种至始穗的历期为 85 ~ 87天，且立秋后信阳地区常阴雨连绵，因此可以选择合适的播种时机来将母本花期安排在 7月 28 日左右至 8月 6日左右，这样的话不仅能提供培矮 64S开花授粉期晴朗天气，利于授粉灌浆，而且能保证培矮 64S育性转换敏感期不会出现连续 3天平均气温低于 23.3 TC的天气，确保制种安全。 Rice: Liangyou Peiyu (parent: Pei'ai 64S/94205) and Xinzao No.1 (parent: Pei'ai 64S/Yuyu No.3) is a two-line subspecies selected by the Agricultural Science Department of Xinyang City, Henan Province. Hybrid combination. The female parent used in this embodiment is Pei'ai 64S. Since the normal year, the female parent Pei'ai 64S is planted in the Xinyang area for a period of 85-87 days, and the Xinyang area is often rainy and rainy after the autumn, so you can choose the right one. The timing of planting is to arrange the female flowering period from July 28th to August 6th. This will not only provide clear weather for Pei'ai 64S flowering pollination period, but also facilitate pollination and grouting, and ensure the fertility conversion of Pei'ai 64S. During the period, there will be no weather with an average temperature of less than 23.3 TC for 3 consecutive days, ensuring seed production safety.

以母本的花期为参照，本实施例中选择了两个成父本： 94205、豫粳 3号来组成组合父本。这两个成员父本为两个不同品种。 Taking the flowering period of the female parent as a reference, in this embodiment, two male parents are selected: 94205 and Yuyu 3 to form a combined male parent. The two members are two different breeds.

错期播种：将组合父本与母本错期播种，可以采用机械化方式进行播种。具体地说，母本培矮 64S于 4月 30 日播种在育秧盘上；将成员父本 94205与豫粳 3号按 3:2的比例（种子数量）混匀后组成组合父本，并于 5月 3 日播种在育秧盘上。 Seeding in the wrong phase: The combination of the parent and the mother is planted in a wrong period, and the seeding can be carried out mechanized. Specifically, the female parent Pei 64S was planted on the nursery tray on April 30; the member father 94205 and Yusong 3 were mixed in a ratio of 3:2 (number of seeds) to form a combined father, and Seeded on the nursery tray on May 3.

同期栽插：将父母本秧苗同期栽插，可以采用机械化方式，即用插秧机同期插秧。 5月 22 日左右将父本与母本按 2:(10 ~ 12)的行比，用插秧机将父母本的秧苗分机插秧（同步交替作业）或者采用单机同时栽插父母本秧苗并确保父母本秧苗隔离不混杂。 Simultaneous planting: The parental seedlings can be planted at the same time, and the mechanized method can be used, that is, the transplanting machine can be inserted simultaneously. On May 22nd, the parent and the female parent will be inserted into the parental seedlings by a rice transplanter (synchronous alternate operation) or the parental seedlings will be planted at the same time and the parents will be ensured. This seedling isolation is not mixed.

按照上述的播栽方式，母本培矮 64S的始穗期大约在 7月 28日（花期大约为 7月 29日~8月 6日，其中的盛花期大约为 7月 31 日 ~8月 3 日），成员父本 94205的始穗期也大约在 7月 28 日（花期为 7月 28 日〜 8月 3 日），成员父本豫粳 3号的始穗期大约在 7月 31 日（花期为 7月 31 日〜 8月 7日）。注：一般母本出穗当天开花很少，多数在次日下午及以后开花，而成员父本出穗当天即可开花散粉。因此，组合父本中一个成员父本的花期开始的时间与母本的非常接近，另一个成员父本的花期开始的时间比母本的晚 2-3天，可以看出组合父本的总花期完全覆盖了母本的花期，尤其是较好地覆盖了母本的盛花期，花期相遇非常理想。 According to the above-mentioned planting method, the beginning of the maternal Pei'ai 64S is about July 28 (the flowering period is about July 29 to August 6, and the flowering period is about July 31 to August 3). Day), the beginning of the member's father 94205 is also about July 28 (the flowering period is July 28th to August 3rd), and the beginning of the member's father, Yuyu 3, is about July 31st. The flowering period is from July 31 to August 7). Note: Generally, the female parent has little flowering on the day of emergence, most of which blooms in the afternoon and after the next day, and the members of the father can bloom loose powder on the day of the ear. Therefore, the time of the flowering period of the parent of a member of the parent is very close to that of the female parent, and the flowering period of the parent of the other parent begins 2-3 days later than the female parent, and the total of the combined male parent can be seen. The flowering period completely covers the flowering period of the female parent, especially the flowering period of the female parent is better covered, and the flowering period meets very well.

父母本成熟后实行分机收割（同步交替作业）或用单台收割机同时收割父母本并确保杂交种子与父本种子隔离不混杂。收获的杂交种子单独摊晒或由烘干机烘干后统一精选加工、包装与储存，然后用于生产。两个成员父本的种子因不能留种，所以作为粮食直接进入消费市场。实施例 2: After the parents mature, they will carry out extension harvesting (synchronous alternate operation) or use a single harvester. Reap the parents and ensure that the hybrid seeds are not isolated from the parent seeds. The harvested hybrid seeds are individually sun-dried or dried by a dryer and then uniformly selected for processing, packaging and storage, and then used for production. The seeds of the two members of the father are not allowed to keep seeds, so they enter the consumer market directly as food. Example 2:

水稻：杂交粳稻常优 1号（亲本：武运粳七号 A/R254)和常优 3号 (亲本：武运粳七号 A/R192 )是江苏省常熟市农科所选育的杂交晚粳组合。 Rice: Hybrid japonica rice variety Changyou 1 (parent: Wuyunjing No.7 A/R254) and Changyou 3 (parent: Wuyunyu No.7 A/R192) are hybrid evenings selected by the agricultural science department of Changshu City, Jiangsu Province.粳 combination.

本实施例中采用的母本为雄性不育系武运粳七号 A, 正常年份母本武运粳七号 A在苏州地区播种至始穗的历期为 100 - 105天。以母本的花期为参照，本实施例中选择了两个成员父本：恢复系 R254与 R192来组成组合父本。这两个成员父本为两个不同品种。父本 R254 在苏州地区播种至始穗的历期为 105 ~ 108天，父本 R192的为 110 ~ 120天，总的来说，两个成员父本的花期开始时间在 2~15天之内。由于母本的生育期短，两个成员父本的生育期长，所以应当先将组合父本播种。 The female parent used in this embodiment is the male sterile line Wuyunjing No.7 A, and the normal year female Wuyunyu No.7 A is planted in the Suzhou area until the beginning of the ear is 100-105 days. Referring to the flowering period of the parent, in this embodiment, two members of the parent are selected: the restoration system R254 and R192 are combined to form a combined parent. The two members are two different breeds. The father's R254 is planted in the Suzhou area until the beginning of the ear is 105 to 108 days, and the father's R192 is 110 to 120 days. In general, the flowering period of the two members of the father is within 2 to 15 days. . Since the maternal birth period is short, the two parents have a long period of birth, so the combination parent should be planted first.

错期播种：将组合父本与母本错期播种，可以采用机械化方式进行播种。具体地说，将成员父本 R254与 R192按 1: 1的种子量比例混合组成组合父本，于 5月 14日播种在育秧盘上，母本武运粳七号 A 于 5月 22 日播种在育秧盘上。 Seeding in the wrong phase: The combination of the parent and the mother is planted in a wrong period, and the seeding can be carried out mechanized. Specifically, the members of the parent R254 and R192 are mixed in a ratio of 1:1 seed to form a combined male parent. They are planted on the nursery tray on May 14th, and the female parent, Wuyun No.7, is planted on May 22nd. On the nursery tray.

栽插方式可以采用错期或同期，可以采用机械化方式。 The transplanting method can adopt the wrong period or the same period, and can be mechanized.

错期栽插： 6月 4~5日按 2:8的行比用插秧机先栽插组合父本， 6 月 11 ~ 12 日在父本行间用插秧机栽插母本。 Misplaced planting: On June 4th to 5th, the 2:8 line was inserted into the combined parent before the transplanting machine. From June 11th to 12th, the female parent was inserted into the parent line.

同期栽插： 6月 8 - 9日将组合父本与母本秧苗按 2:8的行比用插秧机同期栽插。 Simultaneous planting: From June 8th to 9th, the combination of the parent and the female seedlings will be inserted in the same period of 2:8.

按照上述的播栽方式，母本武运粳七号 A的始穗期大约在 8月 31 日（花期大约为 9月 1 日~9月 8日，其中的盛花期大约为 9月 3 日~9 月 5日），成员父本 R254的始穗期大约在 8月 27日（花期为 8月 27 日〜 9月 3 日），成员父本 R192的始穗期大约在 9月 2 日（花期为 9 月 2 日〜 9月 10 日）。组合父本中两个成员父本的花期开始的时间相差大约 5天，一个成员父本的花期比母本的早，另一个比母本的晚，组合父本的总花期完全覆盖了母本的花期，花期相遇理想。 According to the above-mentioned broadcast method, the beginning of the mother-in-law Wuyun No. 7 A is about August 31. Day (flowering period is from September 1st to September 8th, the flowering period is about September 3rd to September 5th), and the beginning of the parental R254 is about August 27th (the flowering period is 8). From the 27th of September to the 3rd of September, the beginning of the parental R192 is about September 2 (the flowering period is September 2nd to September 10th). The time between the beginning of the flowering period of the two members of the parent family is about 5 days. The flowering period of one member is earlier than that of the female parent, and the other is later than the female parent. The total flowering period of the combined male parent completely covers the female parent. Flowering, flowering meets ideally.

收获阶段同实施例 1。实施例 3: The harvesting stage is the same as in Example 1. Example 3:

水稻：天优 1120 (亲本：天丰 A/盐恢 1120 ) 是江苏沿海地区农科所育成的优质杂交中籼稻组合。 Rice: Tianyou 1120 (parent: Tianfeng A/Yanhui 1120) is a high-quality hybrid mid-season rice combination cultivated by the Agricultural Science Institute of Jiangsu Coastal Area.

本实施例中采用的母本为天丰 A, 正常年份母本天丰 A在盐城地区 5月底至 6月初播种， 8月中旬抽穗，播种至始穗的历期为 70天左右，变幅 2~3天。成员父本盐恢 1120播种至始穗的历期为 105 110 天，以母本为参照，一般将盐恢 1120在 4月下旬至 5月上旬播种。 The female parent used in this embodiment is Tianfeng A. The normal year female parent Tianfeng A is sown in the Yancheng area from the end of May to the beginning of June, and the earing is carried out in mid-August. The duration of sowing to the beginning of the ear is about 70 days, a variable of 2 ~3 days. The member father's salt recovery 1120 was planted until the beginning of the ear is 105 110 days, with the mother as a reference, the salt recovery 1120 is generally sown from late April to early May.

发明人从盐恢 1120的发生天然变异或遗传分离的子代中筛选，并进一步获得稳定遗传的盐恢 1120的差期同型系，即盐恢 1120- (：。具体如下，在盐恢 1120品种繁殖田中寻找抽穗期比周围植株稍晚几天的、株型更紧凑且其它性状与周围植株基本一致的变异株。到成熟阶段后收获变异株的种子，经过连续 4次加代并逐代选择优良单株进行分株繁殖，到第 5代经种植鉴定确认不再有分离，即性状（包括对不育系的恢复能力）稳定遗传，从中筛选除了生育期差异外其它性状最接近原恢复系的林系（即差期同型系），则将该选系繁殖留种，即盐恢 1120-C。 The inventors screened from the natural or genetically isolated progeny of Yanhui 1120, and further obtained the stable inherited strain of Yanhui 1120, namely Yanhui 1120- (:. As follows, in Yanhui 1120 variety In the breeding field, the mutants with more compact plant types and other traits consistent with the surrounding plants are found in the breeding field. The seeds of the mutants are harvested after the maturity stage, and the seeds are selected four times in succession and selected from generation to generation. The individual plants were propagated by ramets, and the fifth generation of planting identification confirmed that there was no separation, that is, the traits (including the recovery ability of the sterile lines) were stably inherited, and the other traits except the growth period were selected to be closest to the original restorer line. If the forest system (that is, the same-type homologous system), the breeding line will be propagated, that is, salt recovery 1120-C.

组合父本：成员父本盐恢 1120、盐恢 1120- ( 。 The combination of the father: the member of the father of the salt recovery 1120, Yanhui 1120- (.

由于母本的生育期比两个成员父本的生育期短很多，所以应当先将组合父本播种。错期播种：将组合父本与母本错期播种，可以采用机械化方式进行播种。具体地说，将成员父本盐恢 1120与盐恢 1120-C按 1: 1的比例（种子数量）混勾后组成组合父本，并于 4月 25日播种在育秧盘上；母本天丰 A于 5月 31 日播种在育秧盘上。 Since the maternal birth period is much shorter than the birth period of the two members, the parent should be planted first. Seeding in the wrong phase: The combination of the male parent and the female parent can be planted in a mechanized manner. Specifically, the member parental salt recovery 1120 and Yanhui 1120-C are mixed in a ratio of 1:1 (number of seeds) to form a combination parent, and seeded on the nursery tray on April 25; Feng A was planted on the nursery tray on May 31.

错期栽插：可以采用机械化方式。 5月 21 日左右按 2: ( 12-14 ) 的行比用插秧机先栽插父本， 6月 20 日左右在父本行间用插秧机栽插母本。实行父母本分机插秧。 Misplaced planting: Mechanized. On May 21st, the 2: (12-14) line was inserted into the father before the transplanter. On June 20th, the mother was inserted with the transplanter between the fathers. Implement parental extensions.

按照上述的播栽方式，母本天丰 A的始穗期大约在 8月 11 日（花期大约为 8月 11 日~8月 18 日，其中的盛花期大约为 8月 13 日〜 8月 15日），成员父本盐恢 1120的始穗期大约在 8月 9 日（花期为 8月 9 日 ~8月 14 日），成员父本盐恢 1120-C的始穗期大约在 8月 15日（花期为 8月 15日〜 8月 21 日）。组合父本中两个成员父本的花期开始的时间相差大约 6天，一个成员父本的花期比母本的早，另一个比母本的晚，组合父本的总花期完全覆盖了母本的花期，花期相遇理想。 According to the above-mentioned planting method, the beginning of the maternal Tianfeng A is about August 11 (the flowering period is about August 11 to August 18, and the flowering period is about August 13 to August 15). Day), the beginning of the period of the member of the father's salt recovery 1120 is about August 9 (the flowering period is August 9 ~ August 14), the beginning of the member of the father's salt recovery 1120-C is about August 15 Day (flowering period is August 15th ~ August 21st). The time between the beginning of the flowering period of the two members of the parent family is about 6 days. The flowering period of one member is earlier than that of the female parent, and the other is later than the female parent. The total flowering period of the combined male parent completely covers the female parent. Flowering, flowering meets ideally.

收获阶段同实施例 1。实施例 4: The harvesting stage is the same as in Example 1. Example 4:

玉米：丹科 2187 (亲本： T96/DH34 ) 是丹东农业科学院玉米研究所育成的玉米单交种。 Maize: Danke 2187 (parent: T96/DH34) is a maize single crossbreeded by the Corn Research Institute of Dandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

本实施例中采用的母本为 T96, 正常年份母本 T96在丹东地区 4 月下旬至 5月初播种， 7月中旬抽穗，播种至吐丝的历期为 85天左右。成员父本 DH34播种至抽雄的历期为 72~76天，成员父本的 DH34的生育期比母本 T96的短，以母本为参照，将成员父本 DH34在 5月上旬播种。 The female parent used in this embodiment is T96. The female parent of the normal year T96 is sown in the Dandong region from late April to early May, and the heading is in mid-July. The duration of sowing to silking is about 85 days. The member's father DH34 is sown to the tassel for 72-76 days. The parental DH34 has a shorter growth period than the female T96. The female parent DH34 is sown in early May.

发明人从 DH34的发生天然变异或遗传分离的子代中筛选，并进一步获得稳定遗传的 DH34的差期同型系，即 DH34选。具体如下，在 DH34 自交系繁殖田中寻找抽雄期比周围植林稍晚几天且其它性状与周围植株基本一致的变异株。到成熟阶段后收获变异株的种子，经过连续 3次加代并逐代选择优良单林进行分林繁殖，到第 4代经种植鉴定确认不再有分离，即性状稳定遗传，从中歸选除了生育期差异外其它性状最接近原自交系的株系（即差期同型系），则将该选系繁殖留种，即 DH34选。 The inventors screened from the natural or genetically isolated progeny of DH34 and further obtained a stable inherited DH34 differential isoform, DH34. Specifically, as follows, in the DH34 inbred breeding field, the tasseling period is found a few days later than the surrounding plantations and other traits. A variant strain that is substantially identical to the surrounding plants. After the maturity stage, the seeds of the mutant strains were harvested, and after three consecutive additions and selection of excellent single forests for forestation and breeding, the fourth generation of planting identification confirmed that there was no separation, that is, the traits were stably inherited, and the animals were selected in addition to fertility. If the other traits other than the period difference are closest to the strain of the original inbred line (ie, the difference homologous line), the selected line is propagated and seeded, that is, DH34 is selected.

组合父本：成员父本 DH34、 DH34选。 Combination parent: Member parent DH34, DH34 selected.

由于两个成员父本的生育期比母本的生育期短很多，所以应当先将母本播种。 Since the birth period of the two members is much shorter than the maternal birth period, the mother should be planted first.

错期播种：将组合父本与母本错期播种，可以采用机械化方式进行播种。具体地说，将组合父本与母本用播种机按 2:10的行比错期播种，母本 T96于 4月 25 日用播种机在制种田播种，待母本播种 8~10 天后，将成员父本 DH34与 DH34选按 2: 1的比例（种子数量）混匀后组成组合父本，并于 5月 3~5日用播种机在母本行间播种。 Seeding in the wrong phase: The combination of the parent and the mother is planted in a wrong period, and the seeding can be carried out mechanized. Specifically, the combination of the male parent and the female parent was planted by the planter at a ratio of 2:10, and the female parent T96 was planted on the seeding machine on April 25, after the mother planted for 8-10 days. The members' fathers DH34 and DH34 are mixed in a ratio of 2:1 (the number of seeds) to form a combined male parent, and seeded between the female parent lines by the planter on May 3~5.

按照上述的播栽方式，母本 T96的吐丝期大约在 7月 19日（花丝保持授粉能力的时期大约为 7月 19 日~7月 26日），成员父本 DH34 的抽雄期大约在 7月 15日（花期约为 7月 16日〜 7月 20 日），成员父本 DH34选的抽雄期大约在 7月 19 日（花期约为 7月 20日〜 7月 24 日）。组合父本的总花期基本上覆盖了母本的花期，花期相遇理想。 According to the above-mentioned planting method, the silking period of the female parent T96 is about July 19 (the period from the filament pollination ability is about July 19 to July 26), and the male parent DH34 has a tasseling period of about 7 On the 15th of the month (the flowering period is about July 16th to July 20th), the member's father DH34 is selected for the tassel period on July 19th (the flowering period is about July 20th to July 24th). The total flowering period of the combined male parent basically covers the flowering period of the female parent, and the flowering period meets ideally.

父母本成熟后实行分机收割（同步交替作业）或用单台收割机同时收割父母本并确保杂交穗与父本穗隔离不混杂。收获的杂交穗单独摊晒或由烘干机烘干后统一脱粒、精选加工、包装与储存，然后用于生产。两个成员父本间因发生异交，种子已混杂不能留种，所以作为粮食直接进入消费市场。母本与成员父本自交系分别进行隔离繁殖，以确保杂交制种所需。 After the parents mature, they will carry out the extension harvesting (synchronous alternate operation) or use a single harvester to harvest the parents at the same time and ensure that the hybrid ear is not separated from the father's ear. The harvested hybrid ears are individually sun-dried or dried by a dryer and then uniformly threshed, processed, packaged and stored, and then used for production. Because of the outcrossing between the two members of the father, the seeds are mixed and cannot be kept, so they enter the consumer market directly as food. The female parent and the parental parental inbred are separately isolated to ensure the hybrid breeding needs.

Claims

1. 一种杂交作物的制种方法，该方法包括亲本育栽阶段，在所述的育栽阶段父本与母本不混杂分别进行播栽，其特征在于： A method for seed production of a hybrid crop, the method comprising a parental breeding stage, wherein the parent and the female are not mixed separately during the breeding stage, and the method is characterized in that:

所有成負父本同期播栽； All the negative fathers are planted at the same time;

所述组合父本中包含至少两个经过所述育栽阶段后能够与所述的母本花期相遇的成员父本，这些成员父本中至少有两个的花期相错开，且所述的组合父本的总花期与所述母本花期相遇的部分大于或等于任何一个成負父本的花期与所述母本花期相遇的部分。 The combination parent includes at least two members of the parent who are able to meet the mating flowering period after the breeding stage, and at least two of the members of the parent are staggered, and the combination is The portion of the total flowering period of the male parent that meets the mating flowering period is greater than or equal to the portion of the flowering period that is the negative male parent and the female flowering period.

2.根据权利要求 1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述能够与母本花期相遇的成父本中，花期最早的成员父本与花期最晚的成员父本的花期开始的时间前后相差 2~15天。 The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the male parent who can meet the female flowering period, the flowering period of the earliest member of the flowering period and the flowering period of the latest member of the flowering period are different from each other. 2~15 days.

3.根据权利要求 1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述能够与母本花期相遇的成员父本中，至少有一个成员父本的花期开始的时间与母本的大致相同，且至少还有一个成员父本的花期开始的时间比母本的晚 2〜5天。 The method according to claim 1, wherein: in the parent of the member that can meet the mating flowering period, at least one member of the parent has a flowering period beginning at substantially the same time as the female parent, and at least The flowering period of a member's father begins 2 to 5 days later than the parent.

4.根据权利要求 1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述的组合父本的总花期基本上能够与所述母本的整个花期相遇。 4. The method of claim 1 wherein: the total flowering period of said combined paternal is substantially capable of meeting the entire flowering period of said maternal.

5.根据权利要求 1所述的方法，其特征在于：所有成员父本的品种都相同，仅生育期长短有差异，其他性状基本一致。 The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the traits of all members are the same, only the length of the growth period is different, and the other traits are basically the same.

6、根据权利要求 1、 2、 3、 4、 5中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于：所有成父本混杂在一起播栽。 6. A method according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, characterized in that all of the fathers are mixed together for planting.

7、根据权利要求 1、 2、 3、 4、 5中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于：所述的成员父本可以通过以下任何一种方式选育： 1 )从现有已知的各种父本中筛选； 2 )从特定品种父本的发生天然变异或遗传分离的子代中筛选，并进一步获得稳定遗传的所述成员父本； 3 )对特定品种父本进行人工诱变或基因改造后，并进一步获得稳定遗传的所述成员父本。 7. A method according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, characterized in that: said member male parent can be selected by any of the following methods: 1) known from the prior Screening of various male parents; 2) Screening from the natural or genetically isolated progeny of a particular breed of male parent, and further obtaining the stable parent of the member; 3) Artificially inducing a specific breed of the male parent After transformation or genetic modification, and further obtaining the stable parent of the member.

8、根据权利要求 1、 2、 3、 4、 5中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于：所述的杂交作物属于农作物。 The method according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, characterized in that the hybrid crop belongs to a crop.

9、根据权利要求 8所述的方法，其特征在于：所述的杂交作物的种类选自：水稻、小麦、玉米、高粱、向日葵或油菜。 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the hybrid crop is selected from the group consisting of rice, wheat, corn, sorghum, sunflower or canola.

10、如权利要求 1所述的方法获得的杂交作物。 10. A hybrid crop obtained by the method of claim 1.