WO2009135422A1 - 一种QinQ内广播的实现方法和装置 - Google Patents

一种QinQ内广播的实现方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009135422A1
WO2009135422A1 PCT/CN2009/071568 CN2009071568W WO2009135422A1 WO 2009135422 A1 WO2009135422 A1 WO 2009135422A1 CN 2009071568 W CN2009071568 W CN 2009071568W WO 2009135422 A1 WO2009135422 A1 WO 2009135422A1
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Prior art keywords
packet
label
broadcast
routing device
qinq
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PCT/CN2009/071568
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘少伟
陈大鹏
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2009135422A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009135422A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/16Multipoint routing

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of data transmission, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for implementing broadcast in a QinQ. Background technique
  • the QinQ (802.1Q-in-802.1Q) technology is a technology for extending the VLAN space.
  • the network VLAN transparently transmits the public network, which effectively solves the problem that the VLAN ID is not enough.
  • packets sent from the CE to the PE have different Tag values. If you configure QinQ, you can save the public network VLAN.
  • the packets in the QinQ network use the same public network VLAN when they are transmitted on the ISP network.
  • the QinQ protocol is a Layer 2 tunneling protocol based on IEEE 802.1 Q technology.
  • the packet transmitted in the backbone network has two layers of 802.1Q Tag headers (a layer of public network tags and a layer of private network tags), that is, 802.1Q-in-802.1Q, so it is called QinQ protocol.
  • 802.1Q-in-802.1Q a layer of private network tags
  • the ISP network only needs to provide a VLAN ID for the different VLANs from the QinQ network.
  • the ISP's VLAN ID is approximated to address the growing tension of the ISP network VLAN ID resources.
  • the QinQ packet adds a label to the SA (Source Address).
  • the outer label is usually called the public network tag and is used to carry the VLAN ID of the public network.
  • the inner label is usually called the private network tag and is used to carry the VLAN ID of the private network.
  • the source device sends a packet containing the original Ethernet frame to the switch.
  • the switch uploads the packet to the source router.
  • the switch adds the 802.1Q frame and the QinQ frame to generate the packet containing the QinQ frame. , sent by the source router to the destination router.
  • the destination router sends the packet to the switch.
  • the switch removes the QinQ frame and the 802.1Q frame of the packet.
  • the packet is restored to the original packet.
  • the message containing the original Ethernet frame is sent to the destination terminal.
  • the QinQ protocol does not require special signaling to maintain the tunnel establishment, and can be implemented through static configuration.
  • the destination router when the destination router sends the packet to the destination terminal, it needs to know the ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) of the destination terminal. At this time, the destination router sends an ARP request packet (broadcast packet). ). Because the two-layer tag corresponding to the destination terminal is unknown, the destination router copies the ARP request packet.
  • An outer label corresponding to an outer label can be configured with 4094, and the destination router will copy 4094 ARP request packets. If multiple outer labels are configured on the same interface, and each outer label corresponds to many inner labels, you need to copy a large number of ARP request packets. If several ARP Miss packets are generated at the same time, a large number of packets will be copied. As a result, the channel is blocked or the module is not processed. As a result, normal ARP requests or responses are discarded.
  • the device under the router may be required.
  • the ARP request is initiated actively, and the router does not actively send ARP requests.
  • This solution can reduce the number of packets copied by the router.
  • you can only The device is connected to a separate QinQ device.
  • This QinQ device can only be uniquely bound to internal and external tags.
  • Such a network structure not only increases the difficulty of network management, but also is not conducive to the supervision of network security, and reduces the security of the network. Therefore, the above solution is not the best solution to solve the problem that the network is not smooth due to a large number of copies of the message.
  • the problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for implementing broadcast in QinQ, which reduces the copying of a large number of useless messages.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for implementing broadcast in QinQ, which includes the following steps:
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a routing device, including:
  • a detecting module configured to detect a quantity of the switching device directly connected to the routing device
  • a generating module configured to generate, according to the number of the switching devices detected by the detecting module, an outer layer label or an outer layer label Message
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for implementing broadcast in QinQ, including the following steps:
  • the routing device generates a packet with a preset outer layer label
  • the routing device broadcasts the packet to each switching device directly connected to the routing device.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a routing device, including: a generating module, configured to generate a packet that includes a preset outer layer label;
  • the internal broadcast module is configured to broadcast the packet generated by the generating module to each switching device directly connected to the routing device.
  • the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages, because the controllable broadcast function in the QinQ is used to perform special processing on the packet label, thereby solving the problem of copying a large number of useless broadcast packets on the router, thereby achieving the saving.
  • Network resources improve the efficiency of network transmission, and further enhance network security through the identification of message labels.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a typical networking of QinQ according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a method for implementing broadcast in a QinQ according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a router according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a method for implementing broadcast in a QinQ according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a method for protecting a broadcast in a QinQ according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a protection network networking broadcasted in a QinQ according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a router according to another embodiment of the present invention. detailed description The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for implementing broadcast in QinQ, which are used for reducing copying of a large amount of useless text in a QinQ network.
  • the implementation scenario of the technical solution of the present invention includes a source router R1, a destination router R2, and switches Sl-x, S2-x and terminals under two routers.
  • FIG. 2 it is a schematic flowchart of a method for implementing broadcast in a QinQ according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the so-called internal broadcast is to send broadcast information to all users under the QinQ sub-interface of the same router in the network, that is, the routing device sends a broadcast message to the communication device directly connected thereto.
  • the prior art needs to broadcast the message.
  • the outer label of the ARP request message is the same as that of the target device. Therefore, the routing device needs to copy a large number of packets, which affects network transmission quality.
  • the embodiment of the present invention proposes the following technical solutions:
  • the router R2 can generate an ARP request message according to the rules of the broadcast message, and broadcast to the device under the router to query the ARP corresponding to the destination terminal.
  • the rules of the two broadcast messages are:
  • the destination MAC address is a broadcast MAC address of all Fs, with an outer label, and the outer label is consistent with the outer label of the switching device.
  • the other is to do all the things in the network with multiple outer labels.
  • the rules for changing the internal broadcast of the device, by setting the packet, so that the packet has no label that is, the rule for broadcasting the packet in the network directly connected to the switching device under the routing device, because the network is not included in the setting. If a plurality of outer labels are generated, a large number of duplicates and a heavy network load may be generated. Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention provides a rule for not broadcasting broadcast packets, and performs a network for the network. Broadcast, such a message is used for intra-broadcasting by the routing device to all switching devices directly connected to it in the above network.
  • the above-mentioned switching device directly connected to the routing device refers to a router having a message forwarding function in the embodiment of the present invention, which is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and may be used in practical applications.
  • Including, the server, the terminal or other network constitutes a node or device, such changes do not affect the scope of protection of the present invention.
  • Router R2 receives the packet from the network side.
  • S202 and R2 detect the number of switches directly connected to the switch, and process the packet according to the detection result, and then the downlink switch Sl-x forwards the packet.
  • the above detection result includes: whether the number of switches directly connected to R2 is one or more. When the number of switches directly connected to R2 is one, R2 generates an ARP request packet with only one outer label, to the above A switch performs intra-broadcasting, and the outer label is consistent with the label of the switch; when the detection result is that the number of switches directly connected to R2 is multiple, an ARP request packet without an outer label is generated, to the above All switches are broadcast internally.
  • Router R2 identifies that the received packet is a QinQ packet and needs to be forwarded to the QinQ interface.
  • Router R2 searches for the ARP table on the QinQ interface. If no entry is found in the ARP table corresponding to the packet, the MAC address of the destination terminal cannot be found. To ensure smooth forwarding, a fake entry is generated in the ARP table, and ARP Miss is sent to the router R2 to request the ARP corresponding to the destination terminal.
  • Router R2 determines the number of switches corresponding to the outer tag that is connected to R2 by checking the number of outer tags of the QinQ interface:
  • the router R2 If the result of the check is that the QinQ interface contains only one outer tag, that is, the number of switches directly connected to the router R2 is one, the router R2 generates an ARP request packet, and the tag in the packet is the outer tag. The port corresponding to the switch is sent. For example, when the switch directly connected to the R2 has only S1-3, the ARP request packet with the outer tag of the S1-3 is generated as the tag, and is sent to the port corresponding to the S1-3. S1-3;
  • an ARP request packet without a tag is generated and sent from the corresponding port to the Sl-x.
  • the router R2 when the switch directly connected to R2 includes S1-3 and S1-4, the router R2 generates an ARP request packet without a tag, and sends it to the S1-3 and Sl-4 from the corresponding port.
  • the Sl-x processes the received packet and forwards it to S2-x.
  • the Sl-x switch copies the packet on the corresponding port that is forwarded downward, and copies one or more copies according to the number of S2-x attached.
  • the Layer 2 multicast replication mechanism is sent from each port. S1-4 is used as an example. After receiving packets, S1-4 copies two copies on the corresponding port and sends them to S2-7 and S2-8.
  • the S2-x processes the received packet and forwards the packet to the terminal.
  • the S2-x switch copies the packet on the corresponding port that is forwarded downwards, according to the number of connected terminals.
  • One or more copies similar to the replication mechanism of Layer 2 multicast, forward packets on each port, and send the packets to all terminals. Take S2-7 as an example. After S2-7 receives the packets. After copying two copies of these downward-forwarding corresponding ports, send them to the two terminals that are connected.
  • the above-mentioned network structure including Sl-x, S2-x and the terminal is a preferred network structure selected for convenience of description, and the above processing procedure is also only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in actual technical implementation process.
  • the network may include a multi-layer structure, such as S3-x, S4-x, etc.
  • the technical solution of the present invention may also be implemented in the foregoing multi-layer network structure, specifically, a forwarding process between the router and the Sl-x.
  • the processing flow of the embodiment is consistent, and the subsequent processing procedures of the switches such as S2-x, S3-x, and S4-x are consistent with the processing flow of S2-x in this embodiment, and such changes are also in this embodiment.
  • the scope of protection of the invention is consistent, and the subsequent processing procedures of the switches such as S2-x, S3-x, and S4-x are consistent with the processing flow of S2-x in this embodiment, and such changes are also in this embodiment.
  • the embodiment of the present invention adopts the controllable broadcast function in the QinQ, and performs special processing on the packet label according to the number of the connected devices, thereby solving the problem of copying a large number of useless broadcast packets on the router, thereby saving network resources and improving The effect of network transmission efficiency.
  • the present invention further provides a corresponding device.
  • a schematic structural diagram of a router according to another embodiment of the present invention includes:
  • the detecting module 31 is configured to detect the number of switches directly connected by the router.
  • the generating module 32 is configured to generate an ARP request packet containing an outer layer label when the detecting module 31 detects the number of switches, or generate an outer layer without detecting the number of switches.
  • the ARP request packet of the label includes:
  • the first generation sub-module 321 is configured to generate a packet with an outer layer label when the number of switches detected by the detection module 31 is one, and the outer label of the packet is the same as the outer label of the switch;
  • the second generation submodule 322 is configured to detect the number of switches detected by the module 31. When there are multiple, the message without the outer label is generated.
  • first generation sub-module 321 and the second generation sub-module 322 may exist in the generation module 32 at the same time, or may be set as different modules as needed, and such variations are also within the protection scope of the present invention.
  • the internal broadcast module 33 is configured to broadcast the ARP request packet generated by the generating module 32 to the switch directly connected to the router, and request the ARP of the destination terminal.
  • FIG. 4 it is a schematic flowchart of a method for implementing broadcast in a QinQ according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the VLAN tag 4095 can be used as a broadcast message label.
  • the message forwarding process can be described by the following procedure.
  • Router R2 receives the packet from the network side.
  • the specific processing procedure includes: IP forwarding on R2, finding the outbound interface of QinQ, and discovering the interface that should be forwarded to the tag;
  • Router R2 finds the ARP table on the interface and finds that there is no entry in the ARP table. The MAC address is not found. To ensure smooth forwarding, a fake entry is generated in the ARP table.
  • Router R2 generates a packet with a special tag, for example, a packet with a tag of 4095.
  • the generated packet is sent to the corresponding port and sent to the Sl-x from the corresponding port. For example, the packet is copied to two and sent to S1-3. And Sl-4.
  • the Sl-x processes the received packet and forwards it to S2-x.
  • the corresponding configuration On the uplink interface of the Sl-x switch, the corresponding configuration is allowed to receive the packet containing the preset special tag. For example, the broadcast packet with the tag of 4095 is allowed. System to the corresponding downstream interface.
  • Receive a packet with a special tag (ie 4095), copy the packet to the corresponding port that is forwarded downward, and use a replication mechanism similar to Layer 2 multicast according to the number of S2-xs connected.
  • the message is copied one or more copies and sent from each port. For example, for S1-4, the message with the tag of 4095 is copied into two copies and sent to S2-7 and S2-8.
  • S404 and S2-x process the received packet and forward it to the terminal.
  • the uplink interface of the S2-x switch is configured to allow receiving packets with the special tag specified above. For example, the broadcast packet with the tag of 4095 is copied to the corresponding downlink interface.
  • the packet is copied on the corresponding port, and one or more broadcast packets with a special tag are copied according to the number of the connected terminals, similar to Layer 2 multicast.
  • the replication mechanism forwards the packet to each port and sends the packet with the special tag to the connected terminal. Take S2-7 as an example. After receiving the packet, S2-7 copies the packet to two copies on the corresponding port. Give the two terminals hanging down.
  • the embodiment of the present invention adopts the controllable broadcast function in the QinQ, and processes the packet according to the preset special label, so that it only carries the label with the special tag, which reduces the number of labels carried when the packet is forwarded, thereby solving the problem.
  • the problem of copying a large number of useless broadcast packets on the router achieves the effect of saving network resources and improving network transmission efficiency.
  • FIG. 5 it is a schematic flowchart of a method for protecting a broadcast in a QinQ according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for configuring a routing device by using a network management system.
  • the specific configuration steps are the same as those of the foregoing embodiment, but the configuration steps are performed by The network management system performs the boot operation, and the network management system can guide the user to complete the configuration of the router in a single and intuitive manner.
  • the QinQ network that has joined the network management system can improve the security of the network. Sex, identify dangerous packets in the network and alert them to prevent broadcast packets from attacking the router.
  • configuring a corresponding command on the interface to allow packets with a tag of 4095 to enter the router is a special operation. If such a command is not configured, the network should not exist. This kind of message.
  • the router detects the label of the packet in the network in real time. If there is a packet containing the unconfigured label, the router may consider that the router is attacked by the network and alarms to the network management system through the management information base MIB. Specifically:
  • the router identifies a label of the packet in the network.
  • S503. Determine, according to the result of the matching, whether the packet is a security packet.
  • the packet is determined to be secure, and the process is completed, and the process is re-entered into the S501 to enter a new round of protection process;
  • the label of the packet is When the preset outer label does not match, the packet is judged to be an attack packet, and the packet is transferred to S504.
  • the router only alerts the network management system through the MIB.
  • the networking structure implementation based on the foregoing method is as shown in FIG. 6, and includes a router 1, a router 2, and a network management system, wherein the router 1 and the router 2 are configured to detect a packet label, and when detecting an outer label that is preset to be included in the network When the packet of the outer label does not match, it is judged as a network attack and alarms to the network management center.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a router according to another embodiment of the present invention. , including:
  • the generating module 71 is configured to generate a packet that includes a preset outer layer label, and further includes:
  • the label setting sub-module 711 is configured to set a special outer label different from an outer label of each switch directly connected to the router.
  • the internal broadcast module 72 is configured to broadcast the packet generated by the generating module 71 to each switching device directly connected to the routing device.
  • the router further includes a security module 73, configured to detect whether the packet in the network is secure, and specifically includes:
  • the identification submodule 731 is configured to identify a label of a packet in the network
  • the matching sub-module 732 is configured to match the label of the packet identified by the identification sub-module 731 with the preset outer label
  • the determining sub-module 733 is configured to determine, according to the matching result of the matching sub-module 732, whether the packet is secure;
  • the alarm sub-module 734 is configured to: when the judging sub-module 733 judges that the message is unsafe, by alarming to the network management center.
  • the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages: the special control of the packet label is implemented by using the controllable broadcast function in the QinQ, thereby solving the problem of copying a large number of broadcast packets on the router, thereby saving network resources. Improve the efficiency of network transmission, and further enhance the network security through the identification of message labels.
  • the broadcast packet provided by the foregoing embodiment of the present invention is used to solve the problem of ARP request by ARP Miss, but does not exclude the use of the broadcast packet of the present invention for other types of services, based on the present invention.
  • Corresponding changes made by technical ideas are also within the scope of the invention.
  • a computer device which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc. performs the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention.

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Description

一种 OinO内广播的实现方法和装置 本申请要求于 2008 年 5 月 4 日提交中国专利局, 申请号为 200810088747.1 , 发明名称为 "一种 QinQ内广播的实现方法和装置" 的中国专利申请的优先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。 技术领域
本发明实施例涉及数据传输领域, 特别是涉及一种 QinQ内广播 的实现方法和装置。 背景技术
在基于传统的 802.1Q协议的网络模型中, 当两个用户的网络需 要通过 ISP ( Internet Service Provider, 互联网服务提供商)互相访问 时, ISP 必须为每个接入用户的不同 VLAN ( Virtual Local Area Network, 虚拟局域网 )分配不同的 VLAN ID ( Virtual Local Area Network IDentity , 虚拟局域网身份标识)。 假设用户的网络 1和网络 2位于两个不同地点, 并分别通过 ISP的节点 PE 1和 PE 2 ( Provider Edge, 服务商边缘节点)接入骨干网。 当接入的用户数目很多时, 可 能使 ISP网络的 VLAN ID不够用 (只允许有 4094个 VLAN ID )。
QinQ ( 802.1Q-in-802.1Q )技术是一项扩展 VLAN空间的技术, 通过在 802.1Q标签报文的基础上再增加一层 802.1Q的标签头来达到 扩展 VLAN空间的功能, 可以使私网 VLAN透传公网, 有效的解决 了 VLAN ID不够用的问题。 在 QinQ网络中, CE发送到 PE的报文 带有不同的 Tag (标签)值。 配置 QinQ, 可以节约公网 VLAN, 使 在 QinQ网络中的报文在 ISP网络中传输时都使用相同的公网 VLAN。
QinQ协议是基于 IEEE 802.1 Q技术的一种二层隧道协议。 由于 在骨干网中传递的报文有两层 802.1Q Tag头(一层公网 Tag, —层私 网 Tag ), 即 802.1Q-in-802.1Q所以称之为 QinQ协议。 这样, ISP网 络只需为来自在 QinQ网络中的不同 VLAN提供一个 VLAN ID, 节 约了 ISP的 VLAN ID, 以解决日益紧张的 ISP网络 VLAN ID资源紧 张的问题。
与 802.1Q的报文相比, QinQ的报文在 SA ( Source Address, 源 地址)后面又增加了一层标签。 外层的标签通常被称作公网 Tag, 用 来携带公网的 VLAN ID。 内层标签通常被称作私网 Tag, 用来携带私 网的 VLAN ID。
在 QinQ网络中, 源路由器下的源终端向目的路由器下的目的终 端发送 文的过程具体为:
源终端向上级的交换机发送仅包含原始以太帧的报文,交换机将 该报文向源路由器上传, 在上传过程中, 由各级交换机添加 802.1Q 帧和 QinQ帧, 生成包含 QinQ帧的报文, 由源路由器发送给目的路 由器。
目的路由器将该报文向其下的交换机下发, 下发过程中, 各级交 换机依次剥除该报文的 QinQ帧和 802.1Q帧, 最终, 该报文被恢复 为原始报文, 即仅包含原始以太帧的报文, 发送至目的终端。
从上述转发流程可以看出, QinQ协议无需专门的信令来维持隧 道的建立, 通过静态配置就可以实现。
在上述过程中, 当目的路由器要将报文发给目的终端时, 需要知 道该目的终端的 ARP ( Address Resolution Protocol, 地址解析协议), 这时目的路由器会发送一个 ARP请求报文(广播报文)。 由于不知道 该目的终端所对应的两层 Tag, 所以目的路由器会复制 ARP请求报 文。 一个外层标签对应的内层标签可以配置 4094个, 目的路由器就 会复制 4094份 ARP请求报文。如果同一接口下配置了多个外层标签, 每个外层标签又对应很多内层标签, 就需要复制大量的 ARP请求报 文。 如果同时有几个 ARP Miss产生, 会出现大量的报文复制, 导致 通道堵塞或者模块处理不过来, 从而引起正常的 ARP请求或者响应 被丟弃, 导致业务不通。
除了上述的方法外, 在 QinQ网络中, 为了达到向目的终端发送 报文的要求, 还可以采取另外一种方案, 即要求路由器下的设备可以 主动发起 ARP请求, 而路由器则不再主动发送 ARP请求, 这样的方 案可以减少路由器复制大量报文的情况。 但是, 在本方案中, 如果路 由器下的设备中有服务器, 或者其它无法主动发起 ARP请求的设备 (比如某些媒体设备), 便会出现网络不通的情况, 这种情况下, 只 能将该设备连接到一个单独的 QinQ设备下, 这个 QinQ设备只能进 行内部和外部标签唯一绑定。这样的组网结构不仅增加了网络管理的 难度, 同时,也不利于网络安全的监管, 降低了网络的安全性。 因此, 上述方案并不是解决报文大量复制导致网络不畅的最佳方案。
发明内容
本发明实施例要解决的问题是提供一种 QinQ内广播的实现方法 和装置, 减少大量无用报文的复制。
为达到上述目的, 本发明实施例一方面提出一种 QinQ内广播的 实现方法, 包括以下步骤:
检测路由设备下直接连接的交换设备的数量;
当所述路由设备下直接相连的交换设备只有一个时,生成含有一 层外层标签的报文, 所述外层标签与所述交换设备的外层标签相同; 或, 当所述路由设备下直接相连的交换设备有多个时, 生成不带外层 标签的报文;
根据所述路由设备下直接相连的交换设备的情况,将所述含有一 另一方面, 本发明实施例还提出一种路由设备, 包括:
检测模块, 用于检测路由设备下直接连接的交换设备的数量; 生成模块, 用于根据所述检测模块检测的所述交换设备的数量, 生成含有一层外层标签或不含有外层标签的报文;
内广播模块, 根据所述路由设备下直接相连的交换设备的情况, 设备进行广播。 另一方面, 本发明实施例还提出一种 QinQ内广播的实现方法, 包括以下步骤:
路由设备生成含有一层预设外层标签的报文;
所述路由设备将所述报文对所述路由设备下直接连接的各交换 设备进行广播。
另一方面, 本发明实施例还提出一种路由设备, 包括: 生成模块, 用于生成含有一层预设外层标签的报文;
内广播模块,用于将所述生成模块生成的报文对所述路由设备下 直接连接的各交换设备进行广播。
本发明实施例的技术方案具有以下优点, 因为采用了 QinQ内的 可控广播功能, 对报文标签进行特殊处理, 从而, 解决了在路由器上 复制大量的无用广播报文的问题, 达到了节约网络资源, 提高网络传 输效率的效果, 并进一步通过报文标签的识别, 增强了网络安全性。 附图说明
图 1为本发明实施例中 QinQ的典型组网示意图;
图 2为本发明一实施例中一种 QinQ内广播的实现方法的流程 示意图;
图 3为本发明另一实施例中一种路由器的结构示意图; 图 4为本发明另一实施例中一种 QinQ内广播的实现方法的流 程示意图;
图 5为本发明另一实施例中一种 QinQ内广播的保护方法的流 程示意图;
图 6为本发明另一实施例中一种 QinQ内广播的保护网络组网 结构示意图;
图 7为本发明另一实施例中一种路由器的结构示意图。 具体实施方式 本发明实施例提供一种 QinQ内广播的实现方法和装置,用于 在 QinQ网络中减少大量无用 文的复制。
下面结合附图和实施例, 对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步 详细描述:
首先, 如图 1 所示, 为本发明技术方案的实施场景, 包括源 路由器 Rl、 目的路由器 R2, 以及两个路由器下的交换机 Sl-x、 S2-x和终端。
需要指出的是, 上述的实施场景仅为本发明的一种优选实施 例, 设备数量和网络层级均可以根据实际应用情况进行调整, 这 样的调整并不影响本发明的保护范围。
如图 2所示, 为本发明一个实施例中一种 QinQ内广播的实现 方法的流程示意图。
所谓内广播,是指向网内同一个路由器 QinQ子接口下的所有 用户发送广播信息, 即路由设备向其下直接连接的通信设备发送 广播消息, 为了实现上述发送, 现有技术需要在广播消息即 ARP 请求消息中加入与目标设备相一致的外层标签, 这样, 使路由设 备需要复制大量的报文, 影响网络传输质量。 为了避免这种情况 出现, 本发明实施例提出如下技术方案:
首先, 在路由器 R2上设置两种新的广播报文的规则, 路由器 R2可以根据该广播报文的规则生成 ARP请求报文,并向路由器下 的设备进行广播, 查询目的终端所对应的 ARP, 具体的, 这两种 广播报文的规则为:
一种是在网络中的路由设备对直接连接的交换设备进行内广 播的情况, 通过在网络中设置一个外层标签进行广播报文的规则, 即在路由设备下仅直接连接一个交换设备的网络中进行广播报文 的规则, 在按照这种规则生成的报文中, 目的 MAC为全 F的广播 MAC地址, 带一层外层标签, 该外层标签和上述交换设备的外层 标签相一致;
另外一种是在网络中包含多个外层标签的情况进行向所有交 换机进行内广播的规则, 通过设置报文, 使得报文不带有标签, 即在路由设备下直接连接多个交换设备的网络中进行广播报文的 规则, 由于没有进行设置的网络中包含多个外层标签, 如果对应 生成多种报文, 则会产生复制量过大、 网络负担过重的弊端, 所 以, 本发明实施例提出不带标签广播报文的规则, 针对此种网络 进行广播, 这种报文用于在上述网络中由路由设备向所有与其直 接相连的交换设备进行内广播。
需要进一步指出的是, 为了便于说明, 上述的与路由设备直 接连接的交换设备在本发明实施例中指具有消息转发功能的路由 器, 这仅为本发明的优选实施例, 在实际应用中, 还可以包括, 服务器, 终端或其他网络组成节点或设备, 这样的变化并不影响 本发明的保护范围。
通过上述技术方案可以避免现有技术中两种 QinQ报文广播方 程描述。
S201、 路由器 R2从网络侧接收报文。
S202、 R2检测与其直接连接的交换机的数量, 并根据检测结 果对报文进行处理后, 向下挂的交换机 Sl-x进行转发。
上述检测结果包括, 与 R2直接连接的交换机数量是一个还是 多个, 当检测结果为与 R2 直接连接的交换机数量是一个时, R2 生成仅带有一个外层标签的 ARP请求报文, 向上述的一个交换机 进行内广播, 该外层标签与该交换机的标签相一致; 当检测结果 为与 R2直接连接的交换机数量是多个时, 生成不带有外层标签的 ARP请求报文, 向上述所有交换机进行内广播。
具体的处理过程如下:
路由器 R2识别接收到的报文为 QinQ报文,需要转发给 QinQ 接口;
路由器 R2在 QinQ接口处查找 ARP表, 如果发现在 ARP表 中没有与该报文相对应的表项,即,找不到目的终端的 MAC地址, 为保证转发的顺利进行, 在 ARP表中生成假表项, 同时向路由器 R2上4艮 ARP Miss , 请求查找目的终端对应的 ARP;
路由器 R2通过查看该 QinQ接口有几个外层 Tag来确定与 R2 连接的与外层 Tag对应的交换机数量:
如果查看结果为 QinQ接口中只包含一个外层 Tag, 即路由器 R2下直接连接的交换机数量为一个, 则路由器 R2生成一个 ARP 请求报文, 报文中的 Tag为上述的外层 Tag, 从与上述交换机对应 的端口进行发送 ,例如, 当 R2下直接相连的交换机仅有 S1-3时, 生成以 S1-3的外层 Tag为 Tag的 ARP请求报文, 从 S1-3对应的 端口发送给 S1-3;
如果有两个或者两个以上的外层 Tag, 即路由器 R2下直接连 接的交换机数量为两个或两个以上, 则产生不带 Tag的 ARP请求 报文, 从对应端口发送给 Sl-x, 例如, 当 R2下直接相连的交换机 包括 S1-3和 S1-4时, 路由器 R2生成不带 Tag的 ARP请求报文, 从对应的端口发送给 S1-3和 Sl-4。
5203、 Sl-x处理收到的报文, 并向下转发给 S2-x。
具体的, 需要预先在 Sl-x交换机的上联接口进行相应配置, 允许带一层标签或不带标签的 ARP请求报文复制到相应的下行接 口。
如果接收到带一层标签或不带标签的广播报文, Sl-x 交换机 将该报文在向下转发的对应端口复制, 根据下挂 S2-x的数量, 复 制一份或多份, 类似于二层组播的复制机制, 从每个端口发送出 去, 以 S1-4为例, S1-4接收报文后, 在对应端口复制两份, 发送 给 S2-7、 S2-8。
5204、 S2-x处理收到的报文, 并向下转发给终端。
具体的, 需要预先在 S2-x交换机的上联接口进行相应配置, 允许带一层标签或不带标签的广播报文复制到相应的下行接口。
如果接收到带一层标签或不带标签的广播报文, S2-x 交换机 将该报文在向下转发的对应端口复制, 根据下挂终端的数量, 复 制一份或多份, 类似于二层组播的复制机制, 在每个端口对报文 进行转发, 将报文发送给所有的终端, 以 S2-7为例, S2-7接收报 文后, 在这些向下转发的对应端口复制两份后, 发送给下挂的两 个终端。
需要进一步指出的是, 上述的包含 Sl-x、 S2-x和终端的网络 结构是为了便于说明而选择的优选网络结构, 上述处理过程也仅 为本发明的优选实施例, 在实际技术实施过程中, 网络中可以包 含多层结构, 如 S3-x、 S4-x等, 本发明技术方案同样可以在上述 多层网络结构中实现, 具体为, 路由器与 Sl-x之间的转发过程与 本实施例的处理流程一致, 而后续的与 S2-x、 S3-x、 S4-x等交换 机的处理过程则与本实施例中的与 S2-x的处理流程相一致, 这样 的变化同样属于本发明的保护范围。
本发明实施例采用了 QinQ内的可控广播功能,根据下挂设备 数量对报文标签进行特殊处理, 从而解决了在路由器上复制大量 的无用广播报文的问题, 达到了节约网络资源, 提高网络传输效 率的效果。 为了实现上述实施例所提供的 QinQ内广播的实现方法,本发 明还提供了对应的装置, 如图 3 所示, 为本发明另一实施例中一 种路由器的结构示意图, 包括:
检测模块 31 , 用于检测路由器直接连接的交换机的数量。 生成模块 32,用于在检测模块 31检测交换机的数量为一个时, 生成含有一层外层标签的 ARP请求报文,或在检测模块 31检测交 换机的数量为多个时, 生成不含有外层标签的 ARP请求报文, 具 体包括:
第一生成子模块 321 , 用于当检测模块 31检测的交换机数量 为一个时, 生成含有一层外层标签的报文, 报文的外层标签与交 换机的外层标签相同;
第二生成子模块 322, 用于当检测模块 31检测的交换机数量 为多个时, 生成不带外层标签的报文。
需要指出的是, 上述第一生成子模块 321 和第二生成子模块 322可以同时存在于生成模块 32中, 也可以根据需要设置为不同 的模块, 这样的变化同样属于本发明的保护范围。
内广播模块 33 , 用于将生成模块 32生成的 ARP请求报文向 与路由器直接连接的交换机进行内广播, 请求查询目的终端的 ARP。 如图 4所示, 为本发明另一实施例中一种 QinQ内广播的实现 方法的流程示意图。
首先, 修改现有机制, 在 QinQ中使用一个特殊的 Tag, 作为 该 QinQ中的广播报文的标签, 这样在路由器 R2上仅仅对每个端 口发送一个包含该特殊的 Tag 的报文, 类似于将以太网的广播报 文在 QinQ中重新实现,这样就避免现有技术中两种方案带来的问 题。 例如可以使用 4095这个 VLAN标签作为广播报文标签。 则报 文转发过程可以用下面的过程描述。
S401、 路由器 R2从网络侧接收报文。
5402. R2对报文进行处理后,向下挂的交换机 Sl-x进行转发。 具体的处理过程包括: R2上 IP转发, 查找 QinQ出接口, 发 现应该转发给 Tag所属的接口;
路由器 R2在接口查找 ARP表, 发现 ARP表中没有表项, 找 不到 MAC地址, 为保证转发顺利进行, 在 ARP表中生成假表项, 同时上才艮 ARP Miss;
路由器 R2产生特殊 Tag的报文, 例如, Tag为 4095的报文; 将生成的报文下发到对应端口, 从对应端口发出给 Sl-x, 例 如, 复制为两份, 发送给 S1-3和 Sl-4。
5403、 Sl-x处理收到的报文, 并向下转发给 S2-x。
在 Sl-x交换机的上联接口, 进行相应配置, 允许接收含有上 述预置的特殊 Tag的报文, 例如, 允许 Tag为 4095的广播报文复 制到相应的下行接口。
接收到一个含有特殊 Tag (即 4095 ) 的报文, 将该报文在向 下转发的对应端口进行复制, 根据下挂 S2-x的数量, 采用类似于 二层组播的复制机制, 将该报文复制一份或多份, 从每个端口发 送出去, 例如, 对于 S1-4, 将 Tag为 4095的报文复制为两份, 发 给 S2-7和 S2-8。
S404、 S2-x处理收到的报文, 并向下转发给终端。
在 S2-x交换机的上联接口, 进行相应配置, 允许接收含有上 述预置的特殊 Tag的报文, 例如, 允许 Tag为 4095的广播报文复 制到相应的下行接口。
如果接收到一个带有特殊 Tag 的报文, 将该报文在对应端口 复制, 根据下挂终端的数量, 复制一份或多份带有特殊 Tag 的广 播报文, 类似于二层组播的复制机制, 在每个端口对报文进行转 发, 将带有特殊 Tag报文发送给相连的终端, 以 S2-7为例, S2-7 接收报文后, 在对应端口复制为两份, 发送给下挂的两个终端。
本发明实施例采用了 QinQ内的可控广播功能,根据预设的特 殊标签对报文进行处理, 使得其只携带具有特殊的 Tag 的标签, 减少了转发报文时携带标签的数量, 从而解决了路由器上复制大 量的无用广播报文的问题, 达到了节约网络资源, 提高网络传输 效率的效果。 如图 5所示, 为本发明另一实施例中一种 QinQ内广播的保护 方法的流程示意图。
为了进一步筒化本发明前述实施例中技术方案的操作流程, 本发明实施例还提出了通过网管***进行路由设备配置的方法, 具体的配置步骤与上述实施例的流程相同, 但各配置步骤由网管 ***进行引导操作, 网管***可以用筒单、 直观的方式引导用户 完成对路由器的配置工作。
另一方面,加入了网管***的 QinQ网络可以提高网络的安全 性, 识别网络中的危险报文并告警, 避免广播报文对路由器的攻 击。
在本发明上一实施例中, 从安全角度来看, 在接口上配置相 应命令, 允许 Tag为 4095的报文进入路由器, 是一种特殊操作, 如果没有配置这样的命令, 网络上不应该存在这种报文。
本发明实施例的技术方案中, 路由器实时检测网络中报文的 标签, 如果存在包含未经配置的标签的报文, 路由器可以认为是 受到网络攻击, 通过管理信息库 MIB向网管***报警。 具体为:
5501、 路由器识别网络中报文的标签;
5502、 将该报文的外层标签与预设的外层标签进行匹配;
5503、 根据所述匹配的结果, 判断所述报文是否为安全报文。 当所述报文的标签与预设外层标签匹配时, 判断所述报文为 安全, 完成本次流程, 重新转入 S501 , 进入新一轮的保护流程; 当所述报文的标签与预设外层标签不匹配时, 判断所述报文 为攻击报文, 转入 S504。
5504、 路由器通过 MIB向网管***才艮警。
基于上述方法的组网结构实施例如图 6所示, 包含路由器 1、 路由器 2和网管***,其中路由器 1、路由器 2用于检测报文标签, 当检测到含有与网络中预设的外层标签不相匹配的外层标签的报 文时, 判断为网络攻击, 向网管中心告警。
本发明实施例的技术方案进一步通过报文标签的识别, 实现 了对网络中报文的监控, 并在检测到危险报文时进行告警, 增强 了网络的安全性。 为了实现上述实施例所提供的 QinQ内广播的实现方法,本发 明还提供了 QinQ内广播的实现方法的对应装置, 如图 7所示, 为 本发明另一实施例中一种路由器的结构示意图, 包括:
生成模块 71 , 用于生成含有一层预设外层标签的报文, 还包 括: 标签设定子模块 711 ,用于设定与所述路由器下直接连接的各 交换机的外层标签不同的特殊外层标签。
内广播模块 72,用于将所述生成模块 71生成的报文对所述路 由设备下直接连接的各交换设备进行内广播。
其中, 本路由器还包括安全模块 73 , 用于检测网络中的报文 是否安全, 具体包括:
识别子模块 731 , 用于识别网络中报文的标签;
匹配子模块 732,用于将所述识别子模块 731识别的报文的标 签与预设的外层标签进行匹配;
判断子模块 733 , 用于根据所述匹配子模块 732的匹配结果, 判断所述报文是否安全;
报警子模块 734,用于当所述判断子模块 733判断所述报文不 安全时, 通过 ΜΙΒ向网管中心报警。 本发明实施例的技术方案具有以下优点, 因为采用 QinQ内的 可控广播功能, 对报文标签的特殊处理, 从而, 解决了路由器上 复制大量的广播报文的问题, 达到了节约网络资源, 提高网络传 输效率的效果, 并进一步通过报文标签的识别, 增强了网络安全 性。
需要进一步指出的是, 目前本发明上述实施例提供的广播报 文用于解决 ARP Miss带来的 ARP请求的问题, 但不排除将本发 明的广播报文用于其它类型的业务, 基于本发明技术思想所作出 的相应变化同样属于本发明的保护范围。 通过以上的实施方式的描述,本领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解 到本发明可以通过硬件实现,也可以可借助软件加必要的通用硬件平 台的方式来实现基于这样的理解,本发明的技术方案可以以软件产品 的形式体现出来, 该软件产品可以存储在一个非易失性存储介质(可 以是 CD-ROM, U盘, 移动硬盘等) 中, 包括若干指令用以使得一 台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机, 服务器, 或者网络设备等)执行 本发明各个实施例所述的方法。
总之, 以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并非用于限定本 发明的保护范围。 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内, 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种 QinQ内广播的实现方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤: 检测路由设备下直接连接的交换设备的数量;
当所述路由设备下直接相连的交换设备只有一个时,生成含有一 层外层标签的报文, 所述外层标签与所述交换设备的外层标签相同; 或, 当所述路由设备下直接相连的交换设备有多个时, 生成不带外层 标签的报文;
根据所述路由设备下直接相连的交换设备的情况,将所述含有一
2、 如权利要求 1所述 QinQ内广播的实现方法, 其特征在于, 所述检测路由设备下直接连接的交换设备的数量, 具体为:
检测所述路由器的接口中配置的外层标签数量。
3、 如权利要求 1所述 QinQ内广播的实现方法, 其特征在于, 还包括:
所述路由设备根据下级交换设备的数量, 复制所述报文; 所述下级交换设备根据所述报文, 继续复制并下发所述报文, 直 至下发至所述 文的目的终端。
4、 一种路由设备, 其特征在于, 包括:
检测模块, 用于检测路由设备下直接连接的交换设备的数量; 生成模块, 用于根据所述检测模块检测的所述交换设备的数量, 生成含有一层外层标签或不含有外层标签的报文;
内广播模块, 根据所述路由设备下直接相连的交换设备的情况, 设备进行广播。
5、 如权利要求 4所述路由设备, 其特征在于, 所述生成模块包 括:
第一生成子模块,用于当所述检测模块路由设备下直接连接的交 换设备只有一个时, 生成含有一层外层标签的报文, 所述外层标签与 所述交换设备的外层标签相同;
第二生成子模块,用于当所述检测模块检测的交换设备数量为多 个时, 生成不带外层标签的报文。
6、 一种 QinQ内广播的实现方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤: 路由设备生成含有一层预设外层标签的报文;
所述路由设备将所述报文对所述路由设备下直接连接的各交换 设备进行广播。
7、 如权利要求 6所述 QinQ内广播的实现方法, 其特征在于, 所述预设外层标签,与路由设备下待接收报文的交换设备的外层标签 不同。
8、 如权利要求 6所述 QinQ内广播的实现方法, 其特征在于, 还包括:
所述路由设备根据向下转发的对应端口数量, 复制所述报文; 所述对应端口下发所述^艮文, 直至下发至所述"¾文的目的终端。
9、 如权利要求 6所述 QinQ内广播的实现方法, 其特征在于, 还包括:
识别网络中报文的标签;
将所述 文的标签与所述预设外层标签进行匹配;
根据所述匹配的结果, 判断所述报文是否安全。
10、 如权利要求 9所述 QinQ内广播的实现方法, 其特征在于, 所述根据匹配的结果, 判断所述报文是否安全, 具体为:
当所述 文的标签与所述预设外层标签匹配时,判断所述 文为 安全艮文;
当所述 文的标签与所述预设外层标签不匹配时,判断所述 >¾文 为攻击报文。
11、 如权利要求 10所述 QinQ内广播的实现方法, 其特征在于, 所述判断所述 文为攻击^¾文后, 所述方法还包括:
通过管理信息库 MIB向网管中心 警。
12、 一种路由设备, 其特征在于, 包括: 生成模块, 用于生成含有一层预设外层标签的报文;
内广播模块,用于将所述生成模块生成的报文对所述路由设备下 直接连接的各交换设备进行广播。
13、 如权利要求 12所述路由设备, 其特征在于, 所述生成模块, 还包括:
标签设定子模块,用于设定与所述路由设备下待接收报文的交换 设备的所述预设外层标签不同的外层标签。
14、 如权利要求 12所述路由设备, 其特征在于, 还包括安全模 块, 用于检测网络中的报文是否安全, 具体包括:
识别子模块, 用于识别网络中报文的标签;
匹配子模块,用于将所述识别子模块识别的报文的标签与预设的 外层标签进行匹配;
判断子模块, 用于根据所述匹配子模块的匹配结果, 判断所述报 文是否安全;
报警子模块, 用于当所述判断子模块判断所述报文不安全时, 通 过 MIB向网管中心报警。
PCT/CN2009/071568 2008-05-04 2009-04-29 一种QinQ内广播的实现方法和装置 WO2009135422A1 (zh)

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