WO2009132434A1 - Method, system, and computer program for providing patient-driven electronic health records - Google Patents
Method, system, and computer program for providing patient-driven electronic health records Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009132434A1 WO2009132434A1 PCT/CA2009/000558 CA2009000558W WO2009132434A1 WO 2009132434 A1 WO2009132434 A1 WO 2009132434A1 CA 2009000558 W CA2009000558 W CA 2009000558W WO 2009132434 A1 WO2009132434 A1 WO 2009132434A1
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- personal health
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H10/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data
- G16H10/60—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data for patient-specific data, e.g. for electronic patient records
Definitions
- the present invention relates to electronic health records.
- the present invention more specifically relates to personal health records controlled and distributed by individual patients.
- EHRs electronic health records driven by provider- based systems as opposed to one that is owned and controlled by the health care consumer/ citizen/patient (hereinafter, "patient”). Please also see further below for further information on the use of the term "patient” in this disclosure.
- the media discusses daily the delivery of health care and how an Internet-based Electronic Health Record (EHR) and an Electronic Medical Record (EMR) will reduce costs and improve care within the "universal health care system".
- EHR Electronic Health Record
- EMR Electronic Medical Record
- Physicians Records typically, very few physicians have an automated electronic medical record (EMR). The rest rely upon paper records that sit in file folders without rapid access. Further, the majority of patients complain that they seldom get results of tests, are anxious about their last visit with the physician, and never really know what the next steps in their care are. Furthermore, physicians are under significant time pressures and therefore have little time to review records and information in preparation or during patient visits, and therefore there is a need for improving their access to information and the organization of this information to enable better use of physician time.
- EMR automated electronic medical record
- EHR electronic medical record
- a method for providing patient driven personal health records comprising: (a) providing a health record associated with a patient; (b) enabling the patient to contribute data to the personal health record; (c) enabling the patient to control access to the personal health record to one or more health care providers; (d) enabling the one or more health care providers to contribute data to the personal health record; and (e) enabling the patient and the one or more health care providers to access the updated personal health record.
- a system for providing patient driven personal health records comprising: (a) a health record associated with a patient; (b) a means whereby the patient contributes data to the personal health record; (c) a means whereby the patient controls access to the personal health record to one or more health care providers; (d) a means whereby the one or more health care providers contribute data to the personal health record; and (e) a means whereby the patient and the one or more health care providers access the updated personal health record.
- a computer program for providing patient driven personal health records comprising computer instructions, which when loaded on a computer are operable to provide an application defining an interface that enables a patient to initiate the computer to provide a patient driven health record by: (a) providing a health record associated with patient; (b) enabling the patient to contribute data to the personal health record; (c) enabling the patient to control access to the personal health record to one or more health care providers; (d) enabling the one or more health care providers to contribute data to the personal health record; and (e) enabling the patient and the one or more health care providers to access the updated personal health record.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the system of the present invention, in one aspect thereof.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the method of the present invention, in one aspect thereof.
- the present invention discloses a method, system and computer program providing a patient driven PHR.
- the term "patient” is used in a general sense in this disclosure to signify an individual who is associated with their health information.
- a “patient” need not be under the supervision of a physician as this term is used in this disclosure.
- the "patient” may be under the care of health care providers that where we would not normally infer the existence of a health care provider / patient relationship. For example, an individual who sees a massage therapist or herbalist is not normally referred to as a "patient”. Nonetheless health information of value could be generated in each of these cases, and the term “patient” as used in this disclosure would extend to these situations. Also, it is possible that a "patient” as this term is used in this disclosure may never have had an illness or other cause to engage with the health care system; nonetheless there would be value in accumulating health information as enabled by this invention.
- the system may be administered by a third party (or delegate) and accessible to patients and health care providers (where the providers have been given access by the patient).
- the delegate may also optionally employ a physician or other health care professional to assist patients using the system in organizing their information.
- the physician or other health care professional may also act as a liaison to health care providers when the patient is finding it difficult to obtain appropriate contributions to the PHR from the provider.
- a patient may be provided with a range of tools enabling the patient to direct collection of health related information into the PHR and to add information directly to the PHR on an ongoing basis.
- the patient may be provided with a means for granting access to select health care practitioners in order to allow the practitioners to contribute information to the PHR.
- the patient may be assured of a high degree of completeness because all providers of information are included and controlled not by a delegate, but by the patient himself or herself.
- the present invention enables the timely and efficient collection of health information from multiple health care providers. It has been observed that there is a reluctance sometimes in health care providers to provide access to patients to their health records after the fact for example because of fear of litigation. The present system also alleviates this obstacle to assembly of such health information.
- the invention provides a universally accessible, layperson comprehensible, lifelong tool for managing individuals' health information, promoting health maintenance and assisting with disease management, based upon a common data set of electronic health information and tools.
- the personal health record is owned, managed, and shared by the individual or their legal proxy(s) and is protected and secure to protect the privacy and confidentially of the personal health information.
- the electronic personal health record created in accordance with the present invention may be a legal document and subject to the legal regulations of individual country, states, and legislative requirements of where the data is hosted.
- a central repository of all data for an individual patient is provided, which may be kept in a single location, similar to a financial bank account.
- the links to the patient's caregivers are interfaced to the central repository as identified by the individual patients.
- the information from each care provider is either manually or automatically delivered to the web central repository, the PHR utilizing the unique identifiers to immediately deposit the information into the patient's PHR thereby ensuring that the PHR is always up-to-date and available.
- the automatic messaging the patient is informed of any new information and can provide this to their other (multiple) caregivers allowing the patient to provide informed consent and a degree of understanding of their care being delivered.
- the present invention in one aspect thereof, provides a system for organizing patient information in a PHR.
- the system consists of a computer, linked to a computer program that includes instructions operable on the computer to provide the functionality described herein.
- the PHR may be a repository for individual patients' data that includes care delivered by many health care providers that can be shared with all of the patient's health care providers to give decision-support capabilities far in excess of the physician, hospital, pharmacy, nursing home, current paper, hospital information systems (HIS), EMR or EHR silo-based systems in place today.
- Optimal care is currently hampered by this fragmented, silo-based system of storing and retrieving essential patient data.
- the system may provide integrated tools allowing providers to automatically deliver health information in health industry standards (e.g. ASCII, HL7, CDA, CCR, CCD, PDF Healthcare, XML code).
- the present invention in another aspect thereof, provides a system enabling patients to access and control their individual personal health information via a PHR.
- the system may be an electronic application through which individual patients can create, assess, manage and share their health information, and through which others authorized by the patient (for example, delegates including caregivers or health care providers including medical practitioners) may create information and deliver it to the individual patient's PHR in a private, secure and confidential environment.
- a web based PHR access interface may be provided, whereby a patient may access his or her PHR, and may provide access to his or her PHR to select health care providers.
- the health care providers may contribute to the patient's PHR by manually adding information or via an interface between the system of the present invention, and systems used by the health care providers. These may be systems such as hospital health records; regional EHRs; physician EMRs; foreign hospital systems; or non-traditional health providers such as community access centre systems, long term care servers, diagnostic image EMRs, walk in clinic EMRs, pharmacy EMRs, and lab EMRs.
- the system of the present invention may be operable to associate with these systems where the other systems operate on known standards, for example those health industry standards identified above, or other systems known and used by those skilled in the art. Conversion among standards may be provided by the converter systems in the present invention.
- the system may comprise at least one web server 101 comprising or linked to an interface utility 103 and a personal health record utility 105.
- the web server 101 may also be linked to a storage means 107, for example a database, for storing a plurality of personal health records.
- the interface utility 103 may provide to patients and their delegates access to system features of the present invention as more fully described herein.
- the personal health record utility 105 may enable patients 109, their delegates 111 and designated health care providers 113 to view, modify, contribute to, export and share their individual personal health records.
- the personal health record utility may also enable patients 109 or their delegates 111 to set medication reminder alerts.
- Delegates 111 may be, for example, health professionals, caregivers or relatives of the patient who oversee the patient's health care.
- the personal health records or portions thereof may, for example, be shared with health care providers 113 who, after assessing the patient, may contribute to the report using the personal health record utility 105.
- a patient may obtain 201 their personal health record.
- the patient may optionally choose to enable one or more delegates to have access rights 203, for example viewing, management or contribution rights, to the personal health record. If so, the patient may designate a delegate 205 and assign the desired rights 207, repeating this process for each delegate.
- the patient or its delegates may select information 209 from the personal health record to be shared with one or more health care providers. For example, information related to a particular ailment may be exported in advance of treatment by a health care provider related to that ailment. The information to be exported may be restricted, as chosen by the patient or its delegates, based on the amount of disclosure desired. The selected information may be exported either to a record that is a subset of the personal health record, or to a format usable by the health care provider, for example those health industry standards previously identified, or any other desirable or practical format.
- the exported information may then be shared 213 with the health care provider by enabling the health care provider to access the information either using the personal health record utility or by sending a copy of the selected information, for example physically or by electronic means as more fully described below, to the health care provider.
- the health care provider may then assess the patient and, also using the personal health record utility, contribute 215 its findings to the personal health record, which may then be appended to the personal health record 217. Access to the health record by the health care provider may or may not be terminated at that time, as desired by the patient or its delegates.
- the present invention is operable to accept electronic data using unique identifiers from multiple diagnostic and individual institutions, companies, caregivers and health care providers in a secure confidential way, ensuring that the information is current.
- the invention may provide, in accordance with a particular implementation thereof, two portals for data delivery: one for the patient, another for professional certified caregivers or health care providers. This is to ensure that data from caregivers and health care providers is maintained in its original format and cannot be altered without authenticating the caregiver or health care provider to the system of the present invention.
- This system may overcome the significant technological hurdles that current silo-based caregivers use to communicate by allowing for the information supplied by these various caregivers to be converted into a standard digital document format (such as portable document format, or PDFTM, which is known to those skilled in the art) and stored in one central electronic record under the control and direction of the individual patient.
- the PHR may be able to accept information currently available on paper, in stand alone computers, clinic and pharmacy systems as well as information from multiple hospital information systems, lab systems, etc.
- This solution may be provided as a secure internet-based system that allows a patient to access and coordinate his or her lifelong health information in order to make informed health decisions.
- the patient may own and manage the information within the PHR, including information from his or her approved healthcare providers.
- the present invention also discloses a method of document delivery in relation to PHRs.
- PHRs may be disseminated by a plurality of methods including a web accessible portal and by a transportable storage medium, such as USB memory key, memory card, or smart card.
- the PHR of the present invention overcomes many of the hurdles faced by previously disclosed EHRs.
- the PHR of the present invention is especially useful to those patients who do not have a family physician, patients whose occupations have them traveling far away from their primary care providers (such as pilots, long distance truck drivers, bus drivers), or as part of their business, or patients on vacation.
- the PHR helps patients to concisely explain their health problems when they meet with health care providers because they have documented symptoms as they occur. This, for example, addresses one of the most common issues for current elderly patients who are intimidated by health professionals and become tongue tied when meeting with them. It also can provide consent information for a personal care giver (e.g. family members) to assist in the care of their elderly parents from a distance.
- a personal care giver e.g. family members
- the system is operable to communicate with a plurality of systems that are operable to generate or provide health information, such information being optionally in multiple formats. This resolves the issue of significant delay and cost in building in access to specific types of health information because of the need to acquire or integrate different information systems, which can result in particular challenges given concerns around information security.
- a novel health information architecture is contemplated that is built on a one-to-many deployment provided in a manner that is known.
- the system of the present invention may be provided as a secure web-based, portable, PHR access system. Ownership of the record changes from one that is distributed among the various health care providers that a patient rarely sees in their lifetime to one with a single file or set of files that is accessible from anywhere in the world under the ownership and control of the patient who allows access to their care providers.
- a patient may enter and record important health events, results of diagnostic testing prescribing medications, and visits to multiple caregivers. For example, a patient or a medical care provider granted access by the patient may enter results of laboratory tests. Alternatively, a patient may enter data related to care provided by other caregivers (physiotherapists, chiropractors, dentists, etc.), or data regarding off- the-shelf medications taken by the patient. Such information would typically not be available using traditional EHRs, and may represent valuable health information.
- All data may be entered using free text entry fields, text selection menus, uploading files directly to the access system, or any other method of contributing information using a web access system.
- the system may further provide for the entry of exercise, diet and physical fitness information to be added for an overall picture that allows the patient, with their health care providers, to see a complete picture of their health situation. It is unique in that it may give the patient the tools to take responsibility for his or her health and become part of his or her care team. It allows different professionals to add their diagnoses and then other professionals can view a holistic person.
- the system may serve as more than a repository of an individual's health information.
- the system may also assist in a patient's understanding of health information.
- There may be tools provided to assist a patient to collect information regarding interpretation and current literature in a plurality of categories, which may include: media articles, journals, medical articles, Internet search engines, medication organizers, medication encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc.
- the system may be enabled to collect information from any electronic source and provide a means for the patient to add the information to the PHR.
- a patient may choose to collect information using any categorization he or she chooses, such as by treatment, symptom, condition, diagnoses, tests, risks, causes, alternative medicines, etc.
- the collected information may enable the individual to evaluate, and consult with his or her health care providers to verify, its validity.
- the patient may also then understand how a plan of action will assist him or her for his or her future health considerations.
- the information added to the PHR by the patient may be of benefit to the health care provider, since these providers may not always be fully up-to-date on developments in the field.
- a patient may add collected information to the PHR either by incorporation into the PHR, or as a link to the original content, accessible from within the PHR.
- the information may also be printed or converted to the standard digital document format for storage in the system, and optionally added to a transportable storage medium for discussions with health care providers.
- the transportable storage medium is described more fully below. Collected information may be reviewed by a health care provider either via a web site providing access to a PHR, on the transportable storage medium, or using a paper version of the document to ensure understanding of the health issue.
- the PHR may be associated with an electronic medical record (EMR).
- EMRs are typically controlled and maintained by physicians.
- the present invention in one aspect thereof, may enable a physician to contribute to the PHR using data stored in the EMR. The physician may first be required to obtain the permission of the patient to access and contribute to the PHR.
- the EMR and PHR may be stored as a web accessible medical record.
- the patient may grant access to the PHR to the physician using a secure web site.
- the system of the present invention may provide all health care providers with a method to manually or automatically (via a separate portal) insert patient information in the PHR as they deliver care to a patient and update their respective EMR. This may allow for a family physician to have access to information not typically seen by them, corresponding to when a patient goes to a walk-in clinic; sees other professionals; takes off-the-shelf medications, vitamins and other self-administered treatments; and view any other information such as training the patient has been undergoing; that each may give clues to a problem not believed to be important by the patient.
- this may provide the patient the ability to communicate with his or her health care providers to: request prescription refills and appointments; see who has accessed the PHR (e.g. an audit report); create various electronic commerce requests such as prescription fulfillment at a retail or Internet pharmacy; perform highly personalized and tailored information retrieval for a patient based on their true diagnoses and medications or interests; and perform automated claims submission and coordination.
- PHR e.g. an audit report
- create various electronic commerce requests such as prescription fulfillment at a retail or Internet pharmacy; perform highly personalized and tailored information retrieval for a patient based on their true diagnoses and medications or interests; and perform automated claims submission and coordination.
- the PHR includes or is linked to a reminder system for appointments, reorders for medications and alerts of new diagnostic and health reports as they are received at the web PHR.
- the PHR may be used by the patient as a source for broad medical knowledge-based information of the patients' medical information over their lifetime by providing the diverse care providers with access to their information.
- a PHR may enable exchange, understanding, and reasoning about personal experiences with disease and the health care system, as a secondary information process.
- patients may be directed to specific forms of communication (such as chat rooms and message boards) where patients and caregivers may debate and exchange information regarding their personal experiences with disease and health care.
- the medical content may be regarded as the most important aspect of the PHR. Both the breadth (the total number of different types of data that are captured) and the depth (the amount of detail within each data type) are crucial.
- Some data types may include: current medical problems; current medications; known allergies along with the reaction; past medical history; family history of disease; vaccination type and last date administered; demographic data to allow unambiguous identification of the patient; name and contact information for primary care physician; and recent results of common diagnostic imaging and laboratory tests.
- Another key concept regarding the medical content may be the manner in which it is collected. The medical content can be captured in two distinct ways: data entry by patient and automated data capture from other systems.
- Data may be entered by a patient or their trusted approved medical professionals.
- the common and easy method of entry may be by free text data entry fields.
- data In order to enable the system to use such data in any future computations, data must be entered in such a way that the responses can be matched to preexisting, known data elements (such as by using industry-standard coding such as HL7 or XML code). Therefore, items to be entered may be chosen from a list of elements, or data entered in free text fields can be compared to known data elements and any ambiguous entries can be fed back to the user in a short list for final selection. This is accomplished by using established standards for data elements as outlined in relevant guides (such as the HL7 and PDF Health guidelines).
- a means for identifying the contributor of information may be provided. All entries may be logged by the system of any individual providing the content and only that individual may be permitted to edit the individual entry.
- the data files may be defined by the standards (such as PDF healthcare) for data entry to ensure compatibility to other standards (such as XML code) for delivery to other care providers.
- the intent may be to provide a tool for the patient to provide to their caregivers the most complete record that they can accumulate. The use of such lists works best when the entire universe of data items from which the item will be chosen is relatively small.
- Data may also be entered through automated data captured at the source of encounter/visit (e.g. during filling of pharmacy prescriptions).
- data may be sent to the system using an encrypted continuity of care record (CCR) to populate the medications fields using applicable (national) drug standards.
- CCR continuity of care record
- Another encounter type may be to automatically capture clinical information from HIS or EHR of an emergency or clinic visit that can include diagnostic reports and clinical notes (discharge summary) in a CCR to other EMRs.
- the present invention may provide tools to enable these automated data captures.
- the tools may be operable at the site of the encounter. They may poll the HIS for current information and results, and either report at the time of discharge or print information at the encounter site.
- This data used to create a printed document (using HL7 or ASCII standards) or create reports within an HIS system, may be captured by the tools and then converted to a standard coding (XML or PDF) depending upon the data stream being read.
- the coding may be wrapped in a CCR, sent digitally to the PHR (which may be within a VPN), and then added to the individual's PHR depending upon the type of information within the CCR.
- the data may also be associated with identification information allowing for the contributor of each piece of data to be identified. This may be important for a health care practitioner to assess the credibility and relevance of the information.
- the present invention includes a means by which to import this data into PHRs.
- paper forms may be translated by the system of the present invention.
- bar coding and providing demographic information is a common method of electronically reading even handwritten forms.
- a tool may print documents at the point of need or output to create an image in a standard format (such as PDF/A). This process may deliver documents with demographic information rather than using labels or blank forms. These printed documents or images are functional documents with complete human readable demographics including functional bar codes that will index future scanning or input into any EHR.
- Barcodes may contain a limited amount of data.
- the bar coded data required for indexing could be as follows: encounter number, form number including version, provincial health number (PHN) (or equivalent in other jurisdictions if applicable), regional unique number, and unique organization identifier.
- PPN national health number
- Barcodes can be used to reliably link paper documents to electronic workflow. Users may print or fax a digital document (such as PDF) that contains a barcode. That printed or faxed paper document can then be transmitted to another party, who can then scan in the barcode and obtain the information back into electronic format.
- Access to Data may be provided.
- health care providers may request, from the delegate, a copy of the record via phone.
- the administrator may release a copy to be emailed or faxed to the health care provider.
- the on-line PHR becomes an additional source of complete information on a patient especially in an emergency.
- health care providers approved by the patient
- the PHR becomes a central point of communication between the patient and health care providers.
- the transportable storage medium (such as a USB drive, memory card, smart card, etc.) may be password protected and be associated with a contact method (such as telephone number or email address) to access password information on a 24 x 7 basis.
- a contact method such as telephone number or email address
- key information may be asked for by the delegate.
- the documentation may be released to the health care provider and the password to the transportable storage medium may be given.
- the health care provider may be required to ask for a return contact in order to verify the callers credentials.
- the system of the present invention may also include a computer program that may convert automated code input data into a human readable format to be placed onto the transportable storage medium (or in print) to be taken with the citizen when they are visiting any another health care professional.
- the benefit of the transportable storage medium is that it may be scanned for viruses prior to use by a hospital or clinician.
- many hospitals or clinicians may not desire to access the Internet version of the PHR, in which case the transportable storage medium may prove beneficial.
- Medical information is regarded as highly personal.
- the website of the present invention may be provided without "cookies", which are tracking software and are known to those skilled in the art.
- each patient may be required to enter credentials in a log-in screen each time they wish to access the PHR.
- health care professionals must enter credentials in a log-in screen each time they wish to access the PHR or EMR.
- One possible revenue stream may be provided using sponsors of the system.
- Sponsors may provide tools (such as USB devices) for patients to deliver PHRs to health care professionals.
- These sponsors may be identified as sponsors of the system on the log in screen and through having the individuals go to the sponsors locations to get the tool and documents created and sent to the system.
- Contextual advertising may also be provided. It may be desired to limit contextual advertising such that it is not considered an invasion of patients' privacy.
- One aspect of the present invention is that it provides a method and system that also enables the funding for a PHR.
- Many prior art solutions directed in a general way to electronic health records see institutions such as hospitals or government bodies as the entity that will build and manage the centralized sites required to enable the use of electronic health records. The costs associated with implementation of such a solution are prohibitive. Patient participation in the process, and finding alternate sources of revenue to fund the infrastructure and other costs are an important part of deployment of the solution described in this invention.
- the PHR may be the focal tool to attract interested users in each community to one or more websites, and generate revenue based on monetization of such traffic, in a manner that is known. Businesses may advertise on the website and provide electronic "coupons" and “tokens” in connection with promotions or loyalty programs that may be linked to the websites.
- the one or more websites may be associated with other local media including newspapers, flyers and the like.
- the present invention also contemplates linking to the PHR technology various social networking technologies and processes, for example, to enable users to share experience regarding the collection and management of health information. This further strengthens community creation and the value of the resulting community.
- the present invention provides tools for administering information that average consumers are very interested in, and thus enables to bring to online sites individuals who may otherwise use the Internet in a limited way.
- the ability to appoint delegates to manage data generally results in the delegator beginning to learn how to use the technology from the delegatee over time.
- the present invention enables connection of communities in a unique way and also to generate visibility in connection with an important demographic group, namely the over fifty-five population who in most of the developed world represents that largest segment of the population.
- the present invention provides benefits that may also draw upon cooperation with hospitals and health clinics. Management of health care institutions and businesses are likely to realize the health benefits and cost savings that can be realized by operation of the invention, and collaboration with such entities will likely permit improvement of the ease with which information can be collected and shared by enabling integration of the technology described, and related processes, with technology and processes used in the health care sector. Furthermore, the present invention acts as a catalyst for connecting the health care sector with concerned citizens in the local communities, and closer integration in this regard leads to improvements in health care delivery overall.
- the primary revenues for the system described can be generated through:
- Health care provider clients pay to the operator of the system described for all consumables that are used for the delivery of information after the elimination of the paper forms, print shop, expensive MFP' s and outsourced printed documents.
- Consumables for the applications are carbonless paper, armbands, labels and specialized paper products.
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Priority Applications (2)
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CA002675492A CA2675492A1 (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2009-04-30 | Method, system, and computer program for providing patient-driven electronic health records |
GB1018435A GB2474784A (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2009-04-30 | Method, system, and computer program for providing patient-driven electronic health records |
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US4911308P | 2008-04-30 | 2008-04-30 | |
US61/049,113 | 2008-04-30 |
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US9265903B2 (en) | 2014-05-27 | 2016-02-23 | Covidien Lp | Ventilation vitality ring |
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FI113850B (en) * | 2002-01-30 | 2004-06-30 | Consolis Technology Oy Ab | Method and apparatus for casting concrete products |
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- 2009-04-30 GB GB1018435A patent/GB2474784A/en not_active Withdrawn
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Cited By (5)
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US20120203798A1 (en) * | 2011-02-09 | 2012-08-09 | Lori Gifford | Secure medical record information system |
US9159148B2 (en) | 2011-11-02 | 2015-10-13 | Covidien Lp | System, method, and software for displaying parameter values with historical ranges |
US9125558B2 (en) | 2012-09-21 | 2015-09-08 | Covidien Lp | System, method, and software for automating physiologic displays and alerts with precedence order |
US9585565B2 (en) | 2012-09-21 | 2017-03-07 | Covidien Lp | System, method, and software for automating physiologic displays and alerts with trending heuristics |
US9265903B2 (en) | 2014-05-27 | 2016-02-23 | Covidien Lp | Ventilation vitality ring |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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GB2474784A (en) | 2011-04-27 |
GB201018435D0 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
CA2675492A1 (en) | 2009-10-30 |
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