WO2009115719A2 - Method of controlling a drive assembly provided with a reversible alternator and with a speed variator, and associated drive assembly - Google Patents

Method of controlling a drive assembly provided with a reversible alternator and with a speed variator, and associated drive assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009115719A2
WO2009115719A2 PCT/FR2009/050336 FR2009050336W WO2009115719A2 WO 2009115719 A2 WO2009115719 A2 WO 2009115719A2 FR 2009050336 W FR2009050336 W FR 2009050336W WO 2009115719 A2 WO2009115719 A2 WO 2009115719A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
alternator
engine
speed
voltage
high voltage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2009/050336
Other languages
French (fr)
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WO2009115719A3 (en
Inventor
Emmanuel Godefroy
Original Assignee
Peugeot Citroën Automobiles SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Peugeot Citroën Automobiles SA filed Critical Peugeot Citroën Automobiles SA
Priority to EP09723230A priority Critical patent/EP2253063A2/en
Publication of WO2009115719A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009115719A2/en
Publication of WO2009115719A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009115719A3/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/15—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K6/485—Motor-assist type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/101—Infinitely variable gearings
    • B60W10/108—Friction gearings
    • B60W10/109—Friction gearings of the toroïd type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/04—Starting of engines by means of electric motors the motors being associated with current generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2520/10—Longitudinal speed
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a control method of a motor assembly for example of a motor vehicle with a reversible alternator.
  • the invention also relates to an engine assembly for implementing such a method.
  • alternators In this application framework, it is well known to associate a dynamo or an alternator to the heat engine.
  • the invention relates more particularly to the production of electrical and mechanical energy of alternators.
  • the study of alternators is a concern in the field of the automotive industry because they have a high potential in terms of production of electrical and mechanical energy.
  • an alternator comprises a fixed part or stator (armature) which comprises windings constituting windings generating sinusoidal alternating current.
  • stator armature
  • the alternators are of three-phase type. Each coil is connected at one end to another coil and at a second end to a bridge of rectifying diodes, thereby generating a DC current.
  • An alternator also includes a moving part or rotor (inductor). This inductor is powered by an excitation current. When the inductor is rotated, it generates an electric current by electromagnetic coupling.
  • generators generally used are claw type.
  • the alternator generates the electrical energy necessary for the proper functioning of various consumer devices of an electrical network on board the vehicle (headlights, wipers, embedded electronics ...) in cruising mode, ie once the engine is started. It also allows charging at least one battery, constituting an auxiliary power source dedicated to two main functions: it provides a significant instantaneous electrical energy when starting the engine, in particular, its low impedance internal; it is then connected to a starter, and it powers, at least momentarily, certain electrical circuits when the vehicle is stationary (dashboard, ceiling lamp ).
  • the battery can also provide the excitation current of the inductor.
  • the batteries generally used providing a voltage of 12 volts, alternators are sized to provide, in cruising mode, a continuous nominal voltage of the order of 14 volts, after recovery.
  • the starter is mechanically coupled, temporarily during startup, the heat engine so as to rotate it to get started.
  • the power supply is provided by the battery.
  • the impedance presented by the charging circuit of the battery including a high voltage battery, is strong.
  • the teaching of technical document FR-A-2 859 834 provides a solution for obtaining an efficient alternator which consists on the one hand in reducing the amplitude of the range of rotation speeds in which the alternators operate, for a given rotational speed range of the drive motor.
  • a mechanical interface with a variable speed drive is implemented.
  • this drive is based on the use of a single planet epicyclic gear train.
  • this solution provides for modifying the characteristics of the winding (s) of the stator of the alternator so as to modify its impedance; this modification being obtained by rewinding.
  • One of the essential aims of the invention is to allow another mode of exploitation of the potential power of the alternator.
  • it is proposed not to modify the original winding of the alternator but rather to supply the alternator with a voltage higher than the nominal voltage provided. during its design. This has the effect of providing substantial gains in terms of electrical power output and in terms of performance. A gain in power is obtained for current levels identical to those encountered in nominal operation, so for heating and losses Joules also identical. For example, we uses an alternator with a nominal voltage of 14 volts on a 42-volt network to multiply its electric power by a factor of at least three.
  • the improvement of the performance of the alternator for starting the engine, by this better impedance matching, also brings the possibility of using the electric machine as a traction motor in use on a hybrid vehicle for example.
  • the performance improvements are twofold: the impedance matching extends the area of use in torque of the electric machine, and the variable transmission ratio system, which couples the electric machine to the heat engine, amplifies all these advantages.
  • the specific electrical machines of the wafer type for the motorization of hybrid vehicles are under development, are produced in small quantities and are, therefore, today extremely expensive: about five times more expensive than most big alternators of the car market. Or a conventional alternator - speed variator is cheaper than a specific type of electric machine planned for hybrid vehicles.
  • a hybrid vehicle engine assembly consists of at least one alternator which, in the case of operation in generator mode, provides energy for recharging high voltage batteries, or supercapacitors, and at least one an electric traction motor. The low voltage energy is then supplied via a DC-DC converter. All these elements are connected in series and thus combine the yields of each in cascade.
  • the invention makes it possible to obtain high power mass and mechanical without any investment on the motor assembly, and greatly increase the efficiency because the alternator works constant joules losses while the useful power increases, thus lowering the consumption of the vehicle and the pollution it generates.
  • the invention also makes it possible to obtain torque levels in the engine mode that will not only allow the starting of a vehicle but also to have the engine torque during the driving for a hybrid vehicle for example.
  • the volume occupied by the device is reduced, which again makes it possible to optimize costs.
  • the overall efficiency of a system consisting of an alternator-drive torque is improved.
  • the invention makes it possible to switch from one mode of operation to another quickly if necessary with the use of the relay power switch and operate in a degraded mode in the case of a problem on the DC / DC converter, the alternator can directly generate electrical energy from the alternator to the on-board network.
  • high voltage batteries or supercapacitor
  • the system according to the invention makes use of already tested components that are therefore economical, reliable and robust.
  • the invention therefore relates to a control method of a motor assembly comprising a reversible alternator equipping for example a motor vehicle, said alternator having a rectifier.
  • This process comprises a first so-called electric power generation mode where the alternator is driven by a heat engine and supplies, via a low voltage circuit at a nominal voltage, an onboard network, and via a high voltage circuit, at least one element of which an energy store, and a second mode called engine, where the alternator is powered by the energy store and drives the engine, characterized in that in the engine mode, the alternator is powered with a voltage at least equal at 1, 5 times the rated voltage.
  • alternator is normally designed to be powered by the nominal voltage, in motor mode, it is powered by a voltage significantly greater than this.
  • the high voltage circuit typically comprises as energy storage a so-called high voltage battery and possibly supercapacities.
  • This circuit can also supply an electric traction motor when the method is applied to hybrid vehicles or another electrical machine such as a starter (which can be used for starting the vehicle, the restart being then obtained via the alternator) .
  • the alternator is provided for an extended range of rotational speeds and has an impedance matched to the electrical load of the on-board network, which supplies all "ordinary" consumers, such as lighting means , the heating means of some glazing etc.
  • the invention also relates to an engine assembly of a motor vehicle, provided with a reversible alternator, comprising a rectifier, said alternator operating according to a first mode called electric power generation where the alternator is driven by a thermal engine and supplies, via a low voltage circuit at a nominal voltage, an on-board network, and via a high voltage circuit, at least one element including an energy store, and a second motor mode, where the alternator is powered by the energy store and drives the engine, characterized by means for supplying the alternator with a voltage at least equal to 1.5 times the rated voltage when the alternator operates in motor mode.
  • the coupling of the alternator to the heat engine is obtained by means of a coupling member comprising a mechanical speed variator having at least two ratios (r) of gear ratio, the gear ratio. being adapted according to the needs of high voltage supply and the speed of the engine.
  • This adaptation can be obtained by varying the gear ratio between 1 and 5.
  • Another very particularly preferred possibility is to vary the gear ratio continuously, which is for example possible using a mechanical speed variator of the type. toroidal.
  • the high voltage circuit is disconnected when none of the elements of the high voltage circuit need to be powered.
  • the speed controller is blocked by setting the gear ratio to a low value when none of the elements of the high voltage circuit needs to be powered.
  • the alternator is positioned in mechanical series with the engine and a gearbox of the engine assembly.
  • the alternator is preferably cooled by air.
  • the alternator comprises a symmetrical electrical relay power switch for switching from the low voltage supply to the high voltage supply, and vice versa.
  • the motor assembly comprises a power electronics device is integrated on the alternator for its operation.
  • FIG. 1 a schematic representation of an engine assembly according to the invention, in the supply position of a high-voltage circuit
  • FIG. 2 a schematic representation of the same motor assembly according to the invention, in the disconnection position of the high voltage circuit,
  • FIG. 3 a graphical representation of a correlation between a power and a speed of rotation of an alternator, for different supply voltages
  • Figure 4 a graphical representation of a correlation between a torque and a rotational speed of an alternator, for two different supply voltages.
  • Figure 1 shows, schematically, an engine assembly according to the invention, in the supply position of a high voltage circuit, in the electric power generation position.
  • the motor unit considered here is that of a hybrid motor vehicle. Alternatively, one can also operate the motor assembly of a conventional motor vehicle.
  • the engine assembly comprises a reversible alternator 1, a coupling member 3, a GMP powertrain, a high voltage power supply circuit HT, a low voltage supply circuit BT, and a switch 6 of power.
  • the alternator 1 is of claw type.
  • the GMP powertrain consists of a heat engine, a gearbox and a clutch or torque converter not shown.
  • the coupling member 3 comprises in particular two pulleys 8 and 9, a belt 10 passing over said pulleys and a mechanical speed variator 2.
  • the pulley 8 is mechanically connected to the variator 2.
  • the pulley 9 is mechanically connected to the GMP group.
  • the drive of the alternator 1 is by flywheel, i.e. without belt.
  • the mechanical speed variator 2 has at least two gear ratios.
  • the drive 2 is of toroidal type, ie it has an infinity of gear ratios in automatic mode, which allows a fine, instantaneous and continuous adaptation between an electric charge of the vehicle and the speed of rotation of the engine. to achieve acoustic comfort and lower consumption.
  • Such a drive is described and schematized in particular on the Internet, at the following address: http://auto.howstuffworks.com/cvt3.htm
  • the alternator 1 operates according to a first so-called electric power generation mode, where it is driven, via the coupling member 3, by the heat engine and where it feeds, via the LV low-voltage circuit, which is the nominal voltage, an on-board network or, via the high voltage HV circuit, a high-voltage battery, a supercapacitor and an additional electric traction motor, these elements 'being not referenced, and according to a second mode says engine, where it is powered by the battery, and where it drives the engine to start it, the alternator 1 being provided for an extended range of rotational speeds and having an impedance matched to an electrical load of the onboard network.
  • a first so-called electric power generation mode where it is driven, via the coupling member 3, by the heat engine and where it feeds, via the LV low-voltage circuit, which is the nominal voltage, an on-board network or, via the high voltage HV circuit, a high-voltage battery, a supercapacitor and an additional electric traction motor, these elements 'being
  • the alternator 1 In motor mode, the alternator 1 is provided to be supplied at its terminals by a nominal voltage determined during its manufacture. But according to the invention, the alternator 1 is supplied, typically by the battery, with a voltage significantly greater than its nominal voltage so as to improve the impedance matching of the stator of the alternator 1.
  • the term "voltage” is clearly understood to mean higher a voltage whose value is at least one and a half times higher than the rated voltage. In one example, the nominal voltage is 12 volts and the alternator is powered by a voltage of 40.5 volts.
  • the alternator 1 comprises a rectifier, not shown, which converts the alternating current produced by the alternator into direct current to supply the HV or LV circuits.
  • the rectifier comprises in particular a bridge of rectifying diodes to enable the conversion.
  • the motor assembly comprises a power switch 6 with symmetrical electrical relays for switching from the low voltage supply, by a branch 5, to the high voltage supply, by a branch 7, and vice versa.
  • the HV circuit diverges in two branches 4 and 7.
  • the branch 7 leads to the high voltage battery, the supercapacitor and the electric traction motor, the latter can be inserted between the GMP group and the mechanical transmission to the wheels of the vehicle.
  • Branch 4 leads to a chopper or DC-DC converter or DC / DC that lowers the output voltage of the rectifier of the alternator to 12 volts, for example.
  • the DC / DC converter is a step-down.
  • the output branch of the converter is connected to the branch 5 from the switch 6 to supply the on-board network.
  • the method according to the invention comprises steps in which, we adapt the ratio of the speed controller 2 according to the need for high voltage and low voltage power supply, in particular, we adapt the ratio of the drive 2 of speed by varying the gear ratio between 1 and 5, preferably continuously.
  • the alternator 1 is positioned in mechanical series with the heat engine, on the other side of it with respect to a gearbox that is connected to the transmission.
  • the alternator 1 is air cooled.
  • a power electronics device is integrated on the alternator 1 to implement the method according to the invention.
  • the power electronics device is not integrated on the alternator 1.
  • FIG. 2 schematically represents the same example of an engine assembly according to the invention, in the disconnected position of the high voltage circuit.
  • the method according to the invention comprises steps in which, for supplying low voltage to the vehicle electrical network: the power supply circuit HT is disconnected when the battery, the supercapacitor and the electric traction motor n ' do not need to be powered; and blocking the speed variator 2 by setting the gear ratio to a low value.
  • the drive controller is blocked by setting the gear ratio to 1.
  • FIG. 3 graphically represents a correlation between a power and a rotational speed of an alternator, for different supply voltages. Power is expressed in watts (W) and rotational speed in revolutions per minute (rpm). The curve 1 1, having a bearing at 2500W beyond 2000rpm, corresponds to a supply voltage of 13.5 volts.
  • Curve 12 with a bearing at 5000W above 4000rpm corresponds to a supply voltage of 27 volts.
  • Curve 13, with a plateau at 7000W above 5000rpm, corresponds to the supply voltage of 40.5 volts used in the embodiment of the invention described with FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the curve 14, with a bearing at 10000W beyond 6500rpm corresponds to a supply voltage of 54 volts.
  • Curve 15, with a plateau at 13000W above 7000 rpm, corresponds to a supply voltage of 67.5 volts.
  • Curve 16 with a bearing at 15000 W above 8000 rpm corresponds to a supply voltage of 81 volts.
  • FIG. 4 graphically represents a correlation between a torque and the speed of rotation of the alternator, for two different supply voltages of the alternator.
  • the couple is expressed in newton. meters.
  • Curve 17 corresponds to a conventional nominal supply voltage of 12 volts and curve 18 corresponds to the supply voltage of 40.5 volts used in the embodiment of the invention described with FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • This graphical representation shows that, for all speeds, the torque provided by the alternator 1 powered with a voltage of 40.5 volts is much larger than the torque provided by an alternator powered by the nominal voltage.
  • a driver advances a vehicle equipped with a motor assembly according to the invention and which until then was stopped.
  • an electric traction motor drives the wheels of the vehicle from a speed 0 to a first particular speed X.
  • the high voltage battery supplies at the same time high voltage electric motor and low voltage, if necessary, via the DC / DC converter, the onboard electrical network.
  • the electric traction motor if it is interposed in the transmission is implemented by coupling, without transmission.
  • the reversible alternator 1 plays this role. If the clutch is engaged, the engine is driven from speed 0 to speed X, while under the same conditions alternator 1 would be driven from speed 0 to speed
  • the alternator 1 drives, with a large torque and via the coupling member 3, the engine for start it up; it is the motor mode of the alternator 1.
  • the supply voltage of the alternator 1, provided by the high voltage battery is then significantly greater than its nominal voltage.
  • the supply voltage is 40.5 volts.
  • the gear ratio of the mechanical speed variator 2 is fixed to a low value.
  • the low value is equal to 1.
  • the transition speed for starting the heat engine is 4.5 km / h.
  • the heat engine is slender from the speed 0 at the beginning of the second step, to a second particular speed Y, called the tilting speed, at the end of the second step.
  • the speed of the electric motor passes at the same time from the speed X to the speed Y.
  • the speed of the alternator 1 grows like that of the engine (with the slippage of the belt 10). If the ratio r is not set to 1, the speed of the alternator 1 increases from 0 to Y / r. If in this second phase, the clutch was engaged, the speeds of the engine and the alternator 1 go from X to Y, and from X / r to Y / r respectively. It is also possible to change the ratio r during this second step, r1 to r2.
  • a third step the vehicle reaches and exceeds the second particular speed Y.
  • the tilt speed Y is 5 km / h.
  • the traction of the vehicle then switches from the electric motor to the engine.
  • the clutch is engaged if it was not already.
  • the electric motor is freewheeling, the operation of the alternator 1 is reversed so that it switches to electric power generator mode.
  • the vehicle continues to accelerate to a speed Z corresponding to a cruising speed in the city or road of the vehicle. Essentially Z is larger than Y.
  • the alternator 1 is driven in acceleration by the engine, because of the increase in the speed of the vehicle.
  • the alternator 1 rotates much slower than the engine to limit the temperature of the engine.
  • Alternator 1. Typically, the gear ratio varies in a controlled manner between 1 and 5.
  • the engine changes from the second tilt speed Y to the cruise speed Z.
  • the speed of the alternator 1 goes from Y / r2 to Z / r3.
  • the speed of the electric motor, set freewheeling, is indifferent.
  • the alternator 1 then supplies the high-voltage battery which has discharged in the first and second stages, and at low voltage the on-board electrical network via the DC / DC converter.
  • the vehicle maintains the cruise speed Z.
  • the high voltage battery ends up being fully recharged; it therefore no longer needs to be powered by the alternator 1.
  • the supply voltage of the alternator 1 and the gear ratio of the mechanical speed variator 2 are adapted to be able to disconnect the circuit HT and thus directly supply the on-board electrical network at low voltage.
  • the alternator 1 therefore passes from the generation of electrical energy at high voltage to the generation of electrical energy at low voltage.
  • the adaptation of the supply voltage results in a switchover to the nominal voltage of the alternator 1.
  • the adaptation of the gear ratio results in an increase thereof.
  • the increase corresponds to a gear ratio locked at 5.
  • the engine remains at the third cruising speed Z.
  • the speed of alternator 1 goes from Z / r3 (with variable r3) to Z / 5.
  • the speed of the electric motor, set freewheeling, is indifferent.
  • the disconnection of the circuit HT eliminates, in this phase of operation, the efficiency of the DC / DC converter. The overall efficiency of the installation is thus significantly improved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
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  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of controlling a drive assembly, in particular for a motor vehicle, provided with a reversible alternator, comprising a rectifier, having a first mode, termed electric energy generation mode, in which the alternator is driven by a combustion engine and supplies an onboard network via a low-voltage circuit at a nominal voltage and supplies at least one element including an energy store via a high-voltage circuit, and a second mode, termed drive mode, in which the alternator is supplied by the energy store and drives the combustion engine, characterized in that, in the drive mode, the alternator is supplied with a voltage at least equal to 1.5 times the nominal voltage. The invention also relates to a drive assembly adapted to said method.

Description

PROCEDE DE COMMANDE D'UN ENSEMBLE MOTEUR MUNI D'UN ALTERNATEUR REVERSIBLE ET D'UN VARIATEUR DE VITESSE ET ENSEMBLE METHOD FOR CONTROLLING AN ENGINE ASSEMBLY WITH A REVERSIBLE ALTERNATOR AND A SPEED DRIVE AND ASSEMBLY
MOTEUR ASSOCIEENGINE
[0001 ] La présente invention revendique la priorité de la demande française 08 51542 déposée le 1 1 mars 2008 dont le contenu (texte, dessins et revendications) est ici incorporé par référence.The present invention claims the priority of the French application 08 51542 filed March 1, 2008 whose content (text, drawings and claims) is here incorporated by reference.
[0002 ] La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé de commande d'un ensemble moteur par exemple d'un véhicule automobile muni d'un alternateur réversible. L'invention concerne également un ensemble moteur permettant de mettre en œuvre un tel procédé.The present invention relates to a control method of a motor assembly for example of a motor vehicle with a reversible alternator. The invention also relates to an engine assembly for implementing such a method.
[0003 ] Elle trouve une application préférée bien que non exhaustive, dans le domaine de l'industrie automobile. Dans ce domaine, on distingue les moteurs thermiques à combustion interne d'automobiles dites classiques et les moteurs électriques utilisés en combinaison des moteurs à combustion interne dans des véhicules dits hybrides. Pour fixer les idées, on se placera dans ce qui suit dans le domaine préféré de l'invention.It finds a preferred application although not exhaustive, in the field of the automotive industry. In this field, there are internal combustion engine combustion engines of so-called conventional automobiles and electric motors used in combination of internal combustion engines in so-called hybrid vehicles. To fix ideas, we will place in the following in the preferred field of the invention.
[0004 ] Dans ce cadre d'application, il est bien connu d'associer une dynamo ou un alternateur au moteur thermique. [0005 ] L'invention concerne plus particulièrement la production d'énergie électrique et mécanique des alternateurs. L'étude des alternateurs est une préoccupation dans le domaine de l'industrie automobile car ils présentent un fort potentiel en termes de production d'énergie électrique et mécanique.In this application framework, it is well known to associate a dynamo or an alternator to the heat engine. The invention relates more particularly to the production of electrical and mechanical energy of alternators. The study of alternators is a concern in the field of the automotive industry because they have a high potential in terms of production of electrical and mechanical energy.
[0006 ] Pour rappel, un alternateur comprend une partie fixe ou stator (induit) qui comporte des bobinages constituant des enroulements générateurs de courant alternatif sinusoïdal. Le plus souvent, les alternateurs sont de type triphasé. Chaque bobinage est relié par une première extrémité à une autre bobine et, par une seconde extrémité à un pont de diodes redresseuses, ce qui permet de générer un courant continu. Un alternateur comprend aussi une partie mobile ou rotor (inducteur). Cet inducteur est alimenté par un courant d'excitation. Lorsque l'inducteur est mis en rotation, il génère un courant électrique par couplage électromagnétique. Pour des raisons technico-économiques, les alternateurs généralement utilisé sont de type à griffes. [0007 ] L'alternateur génère l'énergie électrique nécessaire au bon fonctionnement de divers appareils consommateurs d'un réseau électrique de bord du véhicule (phares, essuie-glaces, électronique embarquée...) en régime de croisière, i.e. une fois que le moteur est démarré. [0008 ] II permet également de recharger au moins une batterie, constituant une source d'énergie auxiliaire dévouée à deux fonctions principales : elle permet de fournir une énergie électrique instantanée importante lors du démarrage du moteur thermique, du fait, notamment de sa faible impédance interne ; elle est alors connectée à un démarreur, et elle alimente, au moins momentanément, certains circuits électriques lorsque le véhicule est à l'arrêt (tableau de bord, plafonnier...).As a reminder, an alternator comprises a fixed part or stator (armature) which comprises windings constituting windings generating sinusoidal alternating current. Most often, the alternators are of three-phase type. Each coil is connected at one end to another coil and at a second end to a bridge of rectifying diodes, thereby generating a DC current. An alternator also includes a moving part or rotor (inductor). This inductor is powered by an excitation current. When the inductor is rotated, it generates an electric current by electromagnetic coupling. For technical and economic reasons, generators generally used are claw type. The alternator generates the electrical energy necessary for the proper functioning of various consumer devices of an electrical network on board the vehicle (headlights, wipers, embedded electronics ...) in cruising mode, ie once the engine is started. It also allows charging at least one battery, constituting an auxiliary power source dedicated to two main functions: it provides a significant instantaneous electrical energy when starting the engine, in particular, its low impedance internal; it is then connected to a starter, and it powers, at least momentarily, certain electrical circuits when the vehicle is stationary (dashboard, ceiling lamp ...).
[0009 ] La batterie peut également fournir le courant d'excitation de l'inducteur.The battery can also provide the excitation current of the inductor.
Les batteries généralement utilisées fournissant une tension de 12 Volts, les alternateurs sont dimensionnés pour fournir, en régime de croisière, une tension nominale continue de l'ordre de 14 Volts, après redressement. [0010 ] Le démarreur est couplé mécaniquement, de façon provisoire pendant le démarrage, au moteur thermique de façon à l'entraîner en rotation jusqu'à obtenir le démarrage. L'alimentation en énergie est assurée par la batterie.The batteries generally used providing a voltage of 12 volts, alternators are sized to provide, in cruising mode, a continuous nominal voltage of the order of 14 volts, after recovery. The starter is mechanically coupled, temporarily during startup, the heat engine so as to rotate it to get started. The power supply is provided by the battery.
[0011 ] Dans certains véhicules récents, mettant à profit une possibilité de réversibilité de fonctionnement d'un alternateur, on a utilisé celui-ci, à la fois comme démarreur, c'est-à-dire comme moteur électrique, lors de la phase de démarrage, et comme générateur d'énergie électrique, en régime de croisière, c'est-à-dire lorsque le moteur à combustion interne est démarré, pour charger la batterie.In some recent vehicles, taking advantage of the possibility of reversibility of operation of an alternator, it was used, both as a starter, that is to say as an electric motor, during the phase starting, and as an electric power generator, in cruising mode, that is to say when the internal combustion engine is started, to charge the battery.
[0012 ] Cependant, les exigences qui se font sentir ne sont pas de même nature dans ces deux modes de fonctionnement. [0013 ] Lors de la phase de démarrage ou mode moteur, il est nécessaire que l'alternateur entraîne rapidement le moteur thermique, avec un couple important. Le couplage entre le moteur et l'alternateur peut être réalisé par une liaison mécanique simple constituée de poulies et d'au moins une courroie. Actuellement, ce mode de couplage est aussi utilisé, en inverse, pour entraîner l'alternateur en mode générateur d'énergie électrique. Au moment du démarrage, l'impédance présentée à l'alternateur - démarreur est très faible. Il est quasiment en court-circuit sur le rotor.However, the requirements that are felt are not of the same nature in these two modes of operation. During the start-up phase or engine mode, it is necessary that the alternator quickly drives the engine, with a large torque. The coupling between the motor and the alternator can be achieved by a simple mechanical connection consisting of pulleys and at least one belt. Currently, this coupling mode is also used, in reverse, to drive the alternator in electric power generator mode. At startup, the impedance presented to the alternator - starter is very low. It is almost in short circuit on the rotor.
[0014 ] Par contre, en mode de génération d'énergie électrique, l'impédance présentée par le circuit de charge de la batterie, notamment une batterie à haute tension, est forte.By cons, in electric power generation mode, the impedance presented by the charging circuit of the battery, including a high voltage battery, is strong.
[0015 ] II y a donc lieu d'imaginer un rapport de transformation ou de démultiplication de vitesse mieux approprié à ces modes de fonctionnement, pour palier ce problème d'impédance qui nuit à leur rendement.It is therefore necessary to imagine a ratio of transformation or gear reduction gear more appropriate to these modes of operation, to overcome this impedance problem that affects their performance.
[0016 ] L'expérience a cependant montré que les alternateurs ne sont pas exploités dans des conditions électriques optimales. Dans les faits, on constate une mauvaise adaptation d'impédance entre l'alternateur et le réseau de bord du véhicule. Les alternateurs actuels fonctionnent quasiment en court-circuit lorsqu'ils sont à pleine charge, ceci étant dû à une très forte inductance statorique.However, experience has shown that the alternators are not operated under optimal electrical conditions. In fact, there is poor impedance matching between the alternator and the vehicle's electrical system. Current alternators operate almost in short circuit when they are fully charged, this being due to a very strong stator inductance.
[0017 ] L'amélioration de la puissance des alternateurs est possible grâce à une meilleure adaptation d'impédance de l'alternateur. A cet égard, l'enseignement du document technique FR-A-2 859 834 fournit une solution pour obtenir un alternateur efficace qui consiste d'une part à réduire l'amplitude de la plage de vitesses de rotation dans laquelle fonctionnent les alternateurs, pour une plage de vitesses de rotation donnée du moteur d'entraînement. Pour ce faire, une interface mécanique à variateur de vitesse est mise en œuvre. Dans un exemple, ce variateur est basé sur l'utilisation d'un train épicycloïdal à satellites simples. D'autre part, cette solution prévoit de modifier des caractéristiques du ou des bobinage(s) du stator de l'alternateur de façon à modifier son impédance ; cette modification étant obtenue par rebobinage.The improvement of the power of the alternators is possible thanks to a better impedance matching of the alternator. In this respect, the teaching of technical document FR-A-2 859 834 provides a solution for obtaining an efficient alternator which consists on the one hand in reducing the amplitude of the range of rotation speeds in which the alternators operate, for a given rotational speed range of the drive motor. To do this, a mechanical interface with a variable speed drive is implemented. In one example, this drive is based on the use of a single planet epicyclic gear train. On the other hand, this solution provides for modifying the characteristics of the winding (s) of the stator of the alternator so as to modify its impedance; this modification being obtained by rewinding.
[0018 ] Mais cette modification n'est pas satisfaisante. Elle entraîne la fabrication d'alternateurs spécifiques.But this change is not satisfactory. It involves the manufacture of specific alternators.
[0019 ] Un des buts essentiels de l'invention est de permettre un autre mode d'exploitation de la puissance potentielle de l'alternateur. Selon l'invention, pour améliorer l'adaptation en impédance et réduire les coûts, il est proposé non de modifier le bobinage d'origine de l'alternateur mais plutôt d'alimenter l'alternateur par une tension plus élevée que la tension nominale prévue lors de sa conception. Ceci a pour effet de procurer des gains conséquents en termes de puissance électrique débitée et en termes de rendement. Un gain en puissance est obtenu pour des niveaux de courant identiques à ceux rencontrés en fonctionnement nominal, donc pour des échauffements et des pertes Joules également identiques. Par exemple, on utilise un alternateur dont la tension nominale est de 14 volts sur un réseau de 42 volts pour multiplier sa puissance électrique par un facteur d'au moins trois.One of the essential aims of the invention is to allow another mode of exploitation of the potential power of the alternator. According to the invention, to improve the impedance matching and to reduce costs, it is proposed not to modify the original winding of the alternator but rather to supply the alternator with a voltage higher than the nominal voltage provided. during its design. This has the effect of providing substantial gains in terms of electrical power output and in terms of performance. A gain in power is obtained for current levels identical to those encountered in nominal operation, so for heating and losses Joules also identical. For example, we uses an alternator with a nominal voltage of 14 volts on a 42-volt network to multiply its electric power by a factor of at least three.
[0020 ] L'amélioration des performances de l'alternateur pour le démarrage du moteur, par cette meilleure adaptation en impédance, apporte également la possibilité d'utiliser la machine électrique comme moteur de traction en utilisation sur un véhicule hybride par exemple. Les améliorations de performance sont doubles : l'adaptation d'impédance étend la zone d'utilisation en couple de la machine électrique, et le système à rapport variable de transmission, qui couple la machine électrique au moteur thermique, vient amplifier tous ces avantages. [0021 ] Les machines électriques spécifiques de type galette destinées à la motorisation des véhicules hybrides sont en cours de développement, sont produites à de faibles quantités et sont, de ce fait, aujourd'hui extrêmement coûteuses : environ cinq fois plus chères que les plus gros alternateurs du marché automobile. Or un couple alternateur classique - variateur de vitesse coûte moins cher qu'une machine électrique de type galette spécifique prévue pour les véhicules hybrides. De plus l'intégration d'un tel couple est beaucoup plus aisée car elle n'exige pas de l'intercaler entre le moteur thermique et la boîte de vitesse. Enfin, les alternateurs actuels sont refroidis par air ce qui facilite énormément leur mise en œuvre sous le capot moteur car il n'est plus nécessaire d'avoir un circuit de refroidissement liquide comme pour un alternateur spécifique.The improvement of the performance of the alternator for starting the engine, by this better impedance matching, also brings the possibility of using the electric machine as a traction motor in use on a hybrid vehicle for example. The performance improvements are twofold: the impedance matching extends the area of use in torque of the electric machine, and the variable transmission ratio system, which couples the electric machine to the heat engine, amplifies all these advantages. [0021] The specific electrical machines of the wafer type for the motorization of hybrid vehicles are under development, are produced in small quantities and are, therefore, today extremely expensive: about five times more expensive than most big alternators of the car market. Or a conventional alternator - speed variator is cheaper than a specific type of electric machine planned for hybrid vehicles. Moreover the integration of such a torque is much easier because it does not require the interposed between the engine and the gearbox. Finally, the current alternators are cooled by air which greatly facilitates their implementation under the bonnet because it is no longer necessary to have a liquid cooling circuit as for a specific alternator.
[0022 ] Un ensemble moteur de véhicule hybride est constitué d'au moins un alternateur qui, dans le cas du fonctionnement en mode génératrice, fournit de l'énergie pour recharger des batteries en haute tension, ou des supercondensateurs, ainsi qu'au moins un moteur électrique de traction. L'énergie en basse tension est fournie alors par l'intermédiaire d'un convertisseur continu-continu (DC/DC). Tout ces éléments sont reliés en série et combinent ainsi les rendements de chacun en cascade.A hybrid vehicle engine assembly consists of at least one alternator which, in the case of operation in generator mode, provides energy for recharging high voltage batteries, or supercapacitors, and at least one an electric traction motor. The low voltage energy is then supplied via a DC-DC converter. All these elements are connected in series and thus combine the yields of each in cascade.
[0023 ] L'inconvénient principal de ce genre de structure est qu'il cascade les différents éléments qui le constituent et donc multiplie entre eux leurs différents rendements. L'efficacité d'une telle structure n'est donc pas complètement optimisée.The main disadvantage of this kind of structure is that it cascades the various elements that constitute it and thus multiplies between them their different yields. The efficiency of such a structure is therefore not completely optimized.
[0024 ] Dans un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, lorsque des batteries en haute tension et/ou des supercondensateurs et/ou le moteur de traction électrique n'ont pas besoin d'être alimentés, on fixe le rapport du variateur mécanique sur une position donnée, typiquement basse, de l'ordre de 1 , puis, par l'intermédiaire d'un interrupteur à relais électriques symétriques, on déconnecte le convertisseur DC/DC afin que l'alternateur puisse débiter directement sur le réseau de bord en basse tension, la consigne de tension pour l'alternateur devant être modifiée. Il passe ainsi de la génération en haute tension à de la génération en basse tension.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, when high voltage batteries and / or supercapacitors and / or the electric traction motor do not need to be powered, we fix the ratio of the mechanical drive to a given position, typically low, of the order of 1, then, through a symmetrical electrical relay switch, disconnects the DC / DC converter so that the alternator can flow directly to the on-board low voltage network, the voltage setpoint for the alternator to be modified. It thus passes from high voltage generation to low voltage generation.
[0025 ] Ceci permet donc d'éliminer dans cette phase de fonctionnement, le rendement du convertisseur DC/DC qui sert à l'élévation de tension. Le rendement global de l'ensemble moteur s'en trouve ainsi amélioré. [0026 ] En résumé, l'invention permet de l'obtention de grandes puissances massique et mécanique sans aucun investissement sur l'ensemble moteur, et d'augmenter fortement le rendement car l'alternateur travaille à pertes joules constantes alors que la puissance utile augmente, donc baisser la consommation du véhicule et la pollution qu'elle engendre. L'invention permet également l'obtention de niveaux de couple en mode moteur qui permettront non seulement le démarrage d'un véhicule mais aussi de disposer du couple moteur pendant le roulage pour un véhicule hybride par exemple. Avantageusement, le volume occupé par le dispositif est réduit, ce qui permet là encore d'optimiser les coûts. Le rendement global d'un système constitué par un couple alternateur-variateur est amélioré. Comme l'alternateur tourne globalement moins vite que selon, son usure et le bruit généré par son fonctionnement sont globalement moindres. L'invention permet également de basculer d'un mode de fonctionnement à l'autre rapidement en cas de besoin avec l'utilisation de l'interrupteur de puissance à relais et de fonctionner en un mode dégradé dans le cas d'un problème sur le convertisseur DC/DC, l'alternateur pouvant générer directement l'énergie électrique de l'alternateur vers le réseau de bord. De plus, en cas de demande de puissance électrique rapide du moteur de traction électrique, les batteries en haute tension (ou supercondensateur) peuvent répondre dans un premier temps sans faire intervenir l'alternateur en attendant le basculement si nécessaire. Enfin, il est à noter que le système selon l'invention fait appel à des composants déjà éprouvés donc économiques, fiables et robustesThis allows to eliminate in this phase of operation, the efficiency of the DC / DC converter used for the voltage rise. The overall efficiency of the motor assembly is thus improved. In summary, the invention makes it possible to obtain high power mass and mechanical without any investment on the motor assembly, and greatly increase the efficiency because the alternator works constant joules losses while the useful power increases, thus lowering the consumption of the vehicle and the pollution it generates. The invention also makes it possible to obtain torque levels in the engine mode that will not only allow the starting of a vehicle but also to have the engine torque during the driving for a hybrid vehicle for example. Advantageously, the volume occupied by the device is reduced, which again makes it possible to optimize costs. The overall efficiency of a system consisting of an alternator-drive torque is improved. As the alternator rotates generally slower than according to, its wear and the noise generated by its operation are globally lower. The invention also makes it possible to switch from one mode of operation to another quickly if necessary with the use of the relay power switch and operate in a degraded mode in the case of a problem on the DC / DC converter, the alternator can directly generate electrical energy from the alternator to the on-board network. In addition, in case of rapid electric power demand of the electric traction motor, high voltage batteries (or supercapacitor) can respond initially without involving the alternator pending tilting if necessary. Finally, it should be noted that the system according to the invention makes use of already tested components that are therefore economical, reliable and robust.
[0027 ] L'invention a donc pour objet un procédé de commande du d'un ensemble moteur comportant un alternateur réversible équipant par exemple un véhicule automobile, ledit alternateur comportant un redresseur. Ce procédé comporte un premier mode dit de génération d'énergie électrique où l'alternateur est entrainé par un moteur thermique et alimente, via un circuit basse tension à une tension nominale, un réseau de bord, et via un circuit haute tension, au moins un élément dont un stockeur d'énergie, et un second mode dit moteur, où l'alternateur est alimenté par le stockeur d'énergie et entraine le moteur thermique, caractérisé en ce dans le mode moteur, l'alternateur est alimenté avec une tension au moins égale à 1 ,5 fois la tension nominale.The invention therefore relates to a control method of a motor assembly comprising a reversible alternator equipping for example a motor vehicle, said alternator having a rectifier. This process comprises a first so-called electric power generation mode where the alternator is driven by a heat engine and supplies, via a low voltage circuit at a nominal voltage, an onboard network, and via a high voltage circuit, at least one element of which an energy store, and a second mode called engine, where the alternator is powered by the energy store and drives the engine, characterized in that in the engine mode, the alternator is powered with a voltage at least equal at 1, 5 times the rated voltage.
[0028 ] Ainsi, même si l'alternateur est normalement conçu pour être alimenté par la tension nominale, en mode moteur, il est alimenté par une tension nettement supérieure à celle-ci.Thus, even if the alternator is normally designed to be powered by the nominal voltage, in motor mode, it is powered by a voltage significantly greater than this.
[0029 ] Le circuit haute tension comporte typiquement à titre de stockeurs d'énergie une batterie dite haute tension et éventuellement des supercapacités. Ce circuit peut également alimenter un moteur électrique de traction lorsque le procédé est appliqué à des véhicules hybrides ou une autre machine électrique comme par exemple un démarreur (qui peut être utilisé pour les démarrages du véhicule, le redémarrage étant alors obtenu via l'alternodémarreur).The high voltage circuit typically comprises as energy storage a so-called high voltage battery and possibly supercapacities. This circuit can also supply an electric traction motor when the method is applied to hybrid vehicles or another electrical machine such as a starter (which can be used for starting the vehicle, the restart being then obtained via the alternator) .
[0030 ] L'alternateur est prévu pour une plage de vitesses de rotation étendue et présente une impédance adaptée en fonction de la charge électrique du réseau de bord, réseau qui alimente tous les consommateurs « ordinaires », comme par exemple les moyens d'éclairage, les moyens de chauffage de certains vitrages etc.The alternator is provided for an extended range of rotational speeds and has an impedance matched to the electrical load of the on-board network, which supplies all "ordinary" consumers, such as lighting means , the heating means of some glazing etc.
[0031 ] L'invention concerne également un ensemble moteur d'un véhicule automobile, muni d'un alternateur réversible, comportant un redresseur, ledit alternateur fonctionnant selon un premier mode dit de génération d'énergie électrique où l'alternateur est entrainé par un moteur thermique et alimente, via un circuit basse tension à une tension nominale, un réseau de bord, et via un circuit haute tension, au moins un élément dont un stockeur d'énergie, et un second mode dit moteur, où l'alternateur est alimenté par le stockeur d'énergie et entraine le moteur thermique, caractérisé par des moyens pour alimenter l'alternateur selon une tension au moins égale à 1 ,5 fois la tension nominale lorsque l'alternateur fonctionne en mode moteur. [0032 ] Dans une variante, l'accouplement de l'alternateur au moteur thermique est obtenu au moyen d'un organe d'accouplement comprenant un variateur mécanique de vitesse présentant au moins deux rapports (r) de démultiplication, le rapport de vitesse étant adapté en fonction des besoins d'alimentation en haute tension et du régime du moteur thermique. Cette adaptation peut être obtenue en faisant varier le rapport de démultiplication entre 1 et 5. Une autre possibilité tout particulièrement préférée est de faire varier le rapport de démultiplication de façon continue, ce qui est par exemple possible en utilisant un variateur mécanique de vitesse de type toroïdal.The invention also relates to an engine assembly of a motor vehicle, provided with a reversible alternator, comprising a rectifier, said alternator operating according to a first mode called electric power generation where the alternator is driven by a thermal engine and supplies, via a low voltage circuit at a nominal voltage, an on-board network, and via a high voltage circuit, at least one element including an energy store, and a second motor mode, where the alternator is powered by the energy store and drives the engine, characterized by means for supplying the alternator with a voltage at least equal to 1.5 times the rated voltage when the alternator operates in motor mode. In a variant, the coupling of the alternator to the heat engine is obtained by means of a coupling member comprising a mechanical speed variator having at least two ratios (r) of gear ratio, the gear ratio. being adapted according to the needs of high voltage supply and the speed of the engine. This adaptation can be obtained by varying the gear ratio between 1 and 5. Another very particularly preferred possibility is to vary the gear ratio continuously, which is for example possible using a mechanical speed variator of the type. toroidal.
[0033 ] Dans une variante, on déconnecte le circuit haute tension lorsqu'aucun des éléments du circuit haute tension n'a besoin d'être alimenté.In a variant, the high voltage circuit is disconnected when none of the elements of the high voltage circuit need to be powered.
[0034 ] Dans une variante, on bloque le variateur de vitesse en fixant le rapport de démultiplication à une faible valeur lorsqu'aucun des éléments du circuit haute tension n'a besoin d'être alimenté.In a variant, the speed controller is blocked by setting the gear ratio to a low value when none of the elements of the high voltage circuit needs to be powered.
[0035 ] Dans une variante de l'ensemble moteur, l'alternateur est positionné en série mécanique avec le moteur thermique et une boîte de vitesse de l'ensemble moteur.In a variant of the engine assembly, the alternator is positioned in mechanical series with the engine and a gearbox of the engine assembly.
[0036 ] L'alternateur est de préférence refroidi par air.The alternator is preferably cooled by air.
[0037 ] Dans une variante, l'alternateur comporte un interrupteur de puissance à relais électriques symétriques pour basculer de l'alimentation en basse tension à l'alimentation en haute tension, et inversement.In a variant, the alternator comprises a symmetrical electrical relay power switch for switching from the low voltage supply to the high voltage supply, and vice versa.
[0038 ] Dans une variante, l'ensemble moteur comporte un dispositif d'électronique de puissance est intégré sur l'alternateur pour son exploitation.In a variant, the motor assembly comprises a power electronics device is integrated on the alternator for its operation.
[0039 ] L'invention et ses différentes applications seront mieux comprises à la lecture de la description qui suit et à l'examen des figures qui l'accompagnent. Celles-ci ne sont présentées qu'à titre indicatif et nullement limitatif de l'invention. Les figures montrent :The invention and its various applications will be better understood by reading the following description and examining the figures that accompany it. These are presented only as an indication and in no way limitative of the invention. The figures show:
• figure 1 : une représentation schématique d'un ensemble moteur selon l'invention, en position d'alimentation d'un circuit en haute tension,FIG. 1: a schematic representation of an engine assembly according to the invention, in the supply position of a high-voltage circuit,
• figure 2 : une représentation schématique du même ensemble moteur selon l'invention, en position de déconnexion du circuit en haute tension,FIG. 2: a schematic representation of the same motor assembly according to the invention, in the disconnection position of the high voltage circuit,
• figure 3 : une représentation graphique d'une corrélation entre une puissance et une vitesse de rotation d'un alternateur, pour des tensions d'alimentation différentes, • figure 4 : une représentation graphique d'une corrélation entre un couple et une vitesse de rotation d'un alternateur, pour deux tensions d'alimentation différentes.FIG. 3: a graphical representation of a correlation between a power and a speed of rotation of an alternator, for different supply voltages, • Figure 4: a graphical representation of a correlation between a torque and a rotational speed of an alternator, for two different supply voltages.
[0040 ] La figure 1 représente, de façon schématique, un ensemble moteur selon l'invention, en position d'alimentation d'un circuit en haute tension, en position de génération d'énergie électrique. L'ensemble moteur considéré est ici celui d'un véhicule automobile hybride. Dans une variante, on peut également exploiter l'ensemble moteur d'un véhicule automobile classique.Figure 1 shows, schematically, an engine assembly according to the invention, in the supply position of a high voltage circuit, in the electric power generation position. The motor unit considered here is that of a hybrid motor vehicle. Alternatively, one can also operate the motor assembly of a conventional motor vehicle.
[0041 ] L'ensemble moteur comprend un alternateur réversible 1 , un organe 3 d'accouplement, un groupe motopropulseur GMP, un circuit HT d'alimentation en haute tension, un circuit BT d'alimentation en basse tension, et un interrupteur 6 de puissance. Dans un exemple, l'alternateur 1 est de type à griffes.The engine assembly comprises a reversible alternator 1, a coupling member 3, a GMP powertrain, a high voltage power supply circuit HT, a low voltage supply circuit BT, and a switch 6 of power. In one example, the alternator 1 is of claw type.
[0042 ] Le groupe motopropulseur GMP est constitué d'un moteur thermique, d'une boîte de vitesses et d'un embrayage ou d'un convertisseur de couple non représentés. Dans un exemple, l'organe 3 d'accouplement comporte notamment deux poulies 8 et 9, une courroie 10 passant sur lesdites poulies et un variateur mécanique 2 de vitesse. La poulie 8 est mécaniquement reliée au variateur 2. La poulie 9 est mécaniquement reliée au groupe GMP. Dans une variante, l'entraînement de l'alternateur 1 se fait par volant moteur, i.e. sans courroie.The GMP powertrain consists of a heat engine, a gearbox and a clutch or torque converter not shown. In one example, the coupling member 3 comprises in particular two pulleys 8 and 9, a belt 10 passing over said pulleys and a mechanical speed variator 2. The pulley 8 is mechanically connected to the variator 2. The pulley 9 is mechanically connected to the GMP group. In a variant, the drive of the alternator 1 is by flywheel, i.e. without belt.
[0043 ] Le variateur mécanique 2 de vitesse présente au moins deux rapports de démultiplication. Dans un exemple préféré, le variateur 2 est de type toroïdal, i.e. il présente une infinité de rapports de démultiplication en mode automatique, ce qui permet une adaptation fine, instantanée et continue entre une charge électrique du véhicule et la vitesse de rotation du moteur thermique pour obtenir un confort acoustique et une consommation moindre. Un tel variateur est décrit et schématisé notamment sur internet, à l'adresse suivante : http://auto.howstuffworks.com/cvt3.htmThe mechanical speed variator 2 has at least two gear ratios. In a preferred example, the drive 2 is of toroidal type, ie it has an infinity of gear ratios in automatic mode, which allows a fine, instantaneous and continuous adaptation between an electric charge of the vehicle and the speed of rotation of the engine. to achieve acoustic comfort and lower consumption. Such a drive is described and schematized in particular on the Internet, at the following address: http://auto.howstuffworks.com/cvt3.htm
[0044 ] Dans un exemple préféré de réalisation de l'invention, l'alternateur 1 fonctionne selon un premier mode dit de génération d'énergie électrique, où il est entraîné, via l'organe 3 d'accouplement, par le moteur thermique et où il alimente, via le circuit BT en basse tension, qui est la tension nominale, un réseau de bord ou, via le circuit HT en haute tension, une batterie haute tension, un supercondensateur et un moteur électrique supplémentaire de traction, ces éléments n'étant pas référencés, et selon un deuxième mode dit moteur, où il est alimenté par la batterie, et où il entraîne le moteur thermique pour le faire démarrer, l'alternateur 1 étant prévu pour une plage de vitesses de rotation étendue et présentant une impédance adaptée en fonction d'une charge électrique du réseau de bord.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the alternator 1 operates according to a first so-called electric power generation mode, where it is driven, via the coupling member 3, by the heat engine and where it feeds, via the LV low-voltage circuit, which is the nominal voltage, an on-board network or, via the high voltage HV circuit, a high-voltage battery, a supercapacitor and an additional electric traction motor, these elements 'being not referenced, and according to a second mode says engine, where it is powered by the battery, and where it drives the engine to start it, the alternator 1 being provided for an extended range of rotational speeds and having an impedance matched to an electrical load of the onboard network.
[0045 ] En mode moteur, l'alternateur 1 est prévu pour être alimenté à ses bornes par une tension nominale déterminée lors de sa fabrication. Mais selon l'invention, l'alternateur 1 est alimenté, typiquement par la batterie, avec une tension nettement supérieure à sa tension nominale de manière à améliorer l'adaptation d'impédance du stator de l'alternateur 1. On entend par tension nettement supérieure une tension dont la valeur est au moins une fois et demi supérieure à la tension nominale. Dans un exemple, la tension nominale est de 12 volts et l'alternateur est alimenté par une tension de 40,5 volts.In motor mode, the alternator 1 is provided to be supplied at its terminals by a nominal voltage determined during its manufacture. But according to the invention, the alternator 1 is supplied, typically by the battery, with a voltage significantly greater than its nominal voltage so as to improve the impedance matching of the stator of the alternator 1. The term "voltage" is clearly understood to mean higher a voltage whose value is at least one and a half times higher than the rated voltage. In one example, the nominal voltage is 12 volts and the alternator is powered by a voltage of 40.5 volts.
[0046 ] L'alternateur 1 comporte un redresseur, non représenté, qui convertit le courtant alternatif produit par l'alternateur en courant continu pour alimenter les circuits HT ou BT. Le redresseur comporte notamment un pont de diodes redresseuses pour permettre la conversion.The alternator 1 comprises a rectifier, not shown, which converts the alternating current produced by the alternator into direct current to supply the HV or LV circuits. The rectifier comprises in particular a bridge of rectifying diodes to enable the conversion.
[0047 ] L'ensemble moteur comporte un interrupteur 6 de puissance à relais électriques symétriques pour basculer de l'alimentation en basse tension, par une branche 5, à l'alimentation en haute tension, par une branche 7, et inversement.The motor assembly comprises a power switch 6 with symmetrical electrical relays for switching from the low voltage supply, by a branch 5, to the high voltage supply, by a branch 7, and vice versa.
[0048 ] Le circuit HT diverge en deux branches 4 et 7. La branche 7 mène à la batterie haute tension, au supercondensateur et au moteur électrique de traction éventuel, ce dernier pouvant être intercalé entre le groupe GMP et la transmission mécanique aux roues du véhicule. La branche 4 mène à un hacheur ou convertisseur continu-continu ou DC/DC qui diminue la valeur de la tension de sortie du redresseur de l'alternateur pour atteindre 12 volts, par exemple. Dans cet exemple, on dit que le convertisseur DC/DC est dévolteur. La branche de sortie du convertisseur est connectée à la branche 5 issue de l'interrupteur 6 pour alimenter le réseau de bord.The HV circuit diverges in two branches 4 and 7. The branch 7 leads to the high voltage battery, the supercapacitor and the electric traction motor, the latter can be inserted between the GMP group and the mechanical transmission to the wheels of the vehicle. Branch 4 leads to a chopper or DC-DC converter or DC / DC that lowers the output voltage of the rectifier of the alternator to 12 volts, for example. In this example, we say that the DC / DC converter is a step-down. The output branch of the converter is connected to the branch 5 from the switch 6 to supply the on-board network.
[0049 ] Le procédé selon l'invention comporte des étapes dans lesquelles, on adapte le rapport du variateur 2 de vitesse en fonction des besoins d'alimentation en haute tension et en basse tension, en particulier, on adapte le rapport du variateur 2 de vitesse en faisant varier le rapport de démultiplication entre 1 et 5, de préférence de façon continue.The method according to the invention comprises steps in which, we adapt the ratio of the speed controller 2 according to the need for high voltage and low voltage power supply, in particular, we adapt the ratio of the drive 2 of speed by varying the gear ratio between 1 and 5, preferably continuously.
[0050 ] L'alternateur 1 est positionné en série mécanique avec le moteur thermique, de l'autre côté de celui-ci par rapport à une boîte de vitesse qui est reliée à la transmission. Dans un exemple, l'alternateur 1 est refroidi par air.The alternator 1 is positioned in mechanical series with the heat engine, on the other side of it with respect to a gearbox that is connected to the transmission. In one example, the alternator 1 is air cooled.
[0051 ] Dans un exemple, un dispositif d'électronique de puissance est intégré sur l'alternateur 1 pour mettre en œuvre le procédé selon l'invention. [0052 ] Dans une variante, le dispositif d'électronique de puissance n'est pas intégré sur l'alternateur 1.In one example, a power electronics device is integrated on the alternator 1 to implement the method according to the invention. In a variant, the power electronics device is not integrated on the alternator 1.
[0053 ] La figure 2 représente, de façon schématique, le même exemple d'ensemble moteur selon l'invention, en position de déconnexion du circuit en haute tension.FIG. 2 schematically represents the same example of an engine assembly according to the invention, in the disconnected position of the high voltage circuit.
[0054 ] Le procédé selon l'invention comporte des étapes dans lesquelles, pour alimenter en basse tension le réseau électrique de bord du véhicule : on déconnecte le circuit HT d'alimentation lorsque la batterie, le supercondensateur et le moteur électrique de traction n'ont pas besoin d'être alimentés ; et on bloque le variateur 2 de vitesse en fixant le rapport de démultiplication à une faible valeur. Dans un exemple, on bloque le variateur de vitesse en fixant le rapport de démultiplication à 1. [0055 ] La figure 3 représente graphiquement une corrélation entre une puissance et une vitesse de rotation d'un alternateur, pour des tensions d'alimentation différentes. La puissance est exprimée en watts (W) et la vitesse de rotation en tours par minute (tr/mn). La courbe 1 1 , présentant un palier à 2500W au-delà de 2000tr/mn, correspond à une tension d'alimentation de 13,5 volts. La courbe 12, avec un palier à 5000W au-delà de 4000tr/mn, correspond à une tension d'alimentation de 27 volts. La courbe 13, avec un palier à 7000W au-delà de 5000tr/mn, correspond à la tension d'alimentation de 40,5 volts utilisée dans l'exemple de réalisation de l'invention décrit avec les figures 1 et 2. La courbe 14, avec un palier à 10000W au-delà de 6500tr/mn, correspond à une tension d'alimentation de 54 volts. La courbe 15, avec un palier à 13000W au-delà de 7000tr/mn, correspond à une tension d'alimentation de 67,5 volts. La courbe 16, avec un palier à 15000W au-delà de 8000tr/mn, correspond à une tension d'alimentation de 81 volts.The method according to the invention comprises steps in which, for supplying low voltage to the vehicle electrical network: the power supply circuit HT is disconnected when the battery, the supercapacitor and the electric traction motor n ' do not need to be powered; and blocking the speed variator 2 by setting the gear ratio to a low value. In one example, the drive controller is blocked by setting the gear ratio to 1. FIG. 3 graphically represents a correlation between a power and a rotational speed of an alternator, for different supply voltages. Power is expressed in watts (W) and rotational speed in revolutions per minute (rpm). The curve 1 1, having a bearing at 2500W beyond 2000rpm, corresponds to a supply voltage of 13.5 volts. Curve 12, with a bearing at 5000W above 4000rpm, corresponds to a supply voltage of 27 volts. Curve 13, with a plateau at 7000W above 5000rpm, corresponds to the supply voltage of 40.5 volts used in the embodiment of the invention described with FIGS. 1 and 2. The curve 14, with a bearing at 10000W beyond 6500rpm, corresponds to a supply voltage of 54 volts. Curve 15, with a plateau at 13000W above 7000 rpm, corresponds to a supply voltage of 67.5 volts. Curve 16, with a bearing at 15000 W above 8000 rpm, corresponds to a supply voltage of 81 volts.
[0056 ] Cette représentation graphique montre bien que plus la tension d'alimentation de l'alternateur 1 est élevée, plus le rendement de l'alternateur 1 est bon. En effet, en faisant tourner l'alternateur beaucoup plus vite, pour une même impédance fixée par le constructeur (par un dimensionnement de la longueur, du diamètre, et une disposition des bobinages de ce dernier), la puissance transmise peut varier notablement. Comme elle évolue en fonction de la vitesse de rotation, on se sert alors du variateur de vitesse pour adapter la vitesse de l'alternateur à celle du moteur thermique.This graphical representation shows that the higher the supply voltage of the alternator 1, the higher the efficiency of the alternator 1 is good. Indeed, by rotating the alternator much faster, for the same impedance set by the manufacturer (by a dimensioning of the length, the diameter, and a disposition of the windings of the latter), the power transmitted can vary. significantly. As it evolves as a function of the speed of rotation, the drive controller is then used to adapt the speed of the alternator to that of the engine.
[0057 ] La figure 4 représente graphiquement une corrélation entre un couple et la vitesse de rotation de l'alternateur, pour deux tensions d'alimentation de l'alternateur différentes. Le couple est exprimé en newton. mètres. La courbe 17 correspond à une tension d'alimentation nominale classique de 12 volts et la courbe 18 correspond à la tension d'alimentation de 40,5 volts utilisée dans l'exemple de réalisation de l'invention décrit avec les figures 1 et 2. Cette représentation graphique montre bien que, pour tous les régimes, le couple fourni par l'alternateur 1 alimenté avec une tension de 40,5 volts est bien plus important que le couple fourni par un alternateur alimenté par la tension nominale.FIG. 4 graphically represents a correlation between a torque and the speed of rotation of the alternator, for two different supply voltages of the alternator. The couple is expressed in newton. meters. Curve 17 corresponds to a conventional nominal supply voltage of 12 volts and curve 18 corresponds to the supply voltage of 40.5 volts used in the embodiment of the invention described with FIGS. 1 and 2. This graphical representation shows that, for all speeds, the torque provided by the alternator 1 powered with a voltage of 40.5 volts is much larger than the torque provided by an alternator powered by the nominal voltage.
[0058 ] Le principe de fonctionnement de l'invention est le suivant.The operating principle of the invention is as follows.
[0059 ] Dans une première étape, voir tableau 1 ci-après, un conducteur fait avancer un véhicule muni d'un ensemble moteur selon l'invention et qui jusqu'alors était arrêté.In a first step, see Table 1 below, a driver advances a vehicle equipped with a motor assembly according to the invention and which until then was stopped.
Dans ce but, un moteur électrique de traction entraîne les roues du véhicule d'une vitesse 0 à une première vitesse particulière X. La batterie haute tension alimente en même temps en haute tension le moteur électrique et en basse tension, au besoin, via le convertisseur DC/DC, le réseau électrique de bord. Le moteur électrique de traction, s'il est interposé dans la transmission est mis en œuvre par couplage, sans transmission. En variante, l'alternateur réversible 1 joue ce rôle. Si l'embrayage est engagé, le moteur thermique est entraîné de la vitesse 0 à la vitesse X, alors que dans les mêmes conditions l'alternateur 1 serait entraîné de la vitesse 0 à la vitesseFor this purpose, an electric traction motor drives the wheels of the vehicle from a speed 0 to a first particular speed X. The high voltage battery supplies at the same time high voltage electric motor and low voltage, if necessary, via the DC / DC converter, the onboard electrical network. The electric traction motor, if it is interposed in the transmission is implemented by coupling, without transmission. Alternatively, the reversible alternator 1 plays this role. If the clutch is engaged, the engine is driven from speed 0 to speed X, while under the same conditions alternator 1 would be driven from speed 0 to speed
X/r, où r est le rapport de démultiplication. Si l'embrayage (automatique) n'est pas engagé, les vitesses du moteur thermique et de l'alternateur 1 restent à 0. Dans ce dernier cas, la valeur du rapport de démultiplication est indifférente.X / r, where r is the gear ratio. If the clutch (automatic) is not engaged, the speeds of the engine and alternator 1 remain at 0. In the latter case, the value of the gear ratio is indifferent.
[0060 ] Dans une seconde étape, une fois que le véhicule a atteint la première vitesse particulière X, dite vitesse de transition, l'alternateur 1 entraîne, avec un couple important et via l'organe 3 d'accouplement, le moteur thermique pour le faire démarrer ; c'est le mode moteur de l'alternateur 1. Selon l'invention, la tension d'alimentation de l'alternateur 1 , fournie par la batterie haute tension, est alors nettement supérieure à sa tension nominale. Dans un exemple, la tension d'alimentation vaut 40,5 volts. Pour mener cet entraînement du moteur thermique par l'alternateur 1 on fixe le rapport de démultiplication du variateur mécanique 2 de vitesse à une faible valeur. Dans un exemple, la faible valeur est égale à 1. Dans un exemple, la vitesse de transition, pour le démarrage du moteur thermique, est de 4,5 km/h. Au cours de cette deuxième étape, le moteur thermique est élancé de la vitesse 0 au début de la deuxième étape, à une deuxième vitesse particulière Y, dite vitesse de basculement, à la fin de la deuxième étape. La vitesse du moteur électrique passe dans le même temps de la vitesse X à la vitesse Y. Dans le cas du rapport 1 , la vitesse de l'alternateur 1 croît comme celle du moteur thermique (au glissement de la courroie 10 près). Si le rapport r n'est pas fixé à 1 , la vitesse de l'alternateur 1 croît de 0 à Y/r. Si dans cette deuxième phase, l'embrayage était engagé, les vitesses du moteur thermique et de l'alternateur 1 passent de X à Y, et de X/r à Y/r respectivement. Il est par ailleurs possible de changer le rapport r au cours de cette deuxième étape, de r1 à r2.In a second step, once the vehicle has reached the first particular speed X, said transition speed, the alternator 1 drives, with a large torque and via the coupling member 3, the engine for start it up; it is the motor mode of the alternator 1. According to the invention, the supply voltage of the alternator 1, provided by the high voltage battery, is then significantly greater than its nominal voltage. In one example, the supply voltage is 40.5 volts. To lead this heat engine drive by the alternator 1 is fixed the gear ratio of the mechanical speed variator 2 to a low value. In one example, the low value is equal to 1. In one example, the transition speed for starting the heat engine is 4.5 km / h. During this second step, the heat engine is slender from the speed 0 at the beginning of the second step, to a second particular speed Y, called the tilting speed, at the end of the second step. The speed of the electric motor passes at the same time from the speed X to the speed Y. In the case of the ratio 1, the speed of the alternator 1 grows like that of the engine (with the slippage of the belt 10). If the ratio r is not set to 1, the speed of the alternator 1 increases from 0 to Y / r. If in this second phase, the clutch was engaged, the speeds of the engine and the alternator 1 go from X to Y, and from X / r to Y / r respectively. It is also possible to change the ratio r during this second step, r1 to r2.
[0061 ] Dans une troisième étape, le véhicule atteint et dépasse la deuxième vitesse particulière Y. Dans un exemple, la vitesse Y de basculement est de 5 km/h. La traction du véhicule bascule alors du moteur électrique vers le moteur thermique. En clair, l'embrayage est engagé s'il ne l'était pas déjà. Le moteur électrique est mis en roue libre, le fonctionnement de l'alternateur 1 est inversé pour qu'il passe en mode générateur d'énergie électrique. Au cours de cette troisième étape, le véhicule continue à accélérer jusqu'à une vitesse Z correspondant à une vitesse de croisière, en ville ou sur route du véhicule. Essentiellement Z est plus grand que Y. Pendant cette troisième étape, l'alternateur 1 est entraîné en accélération par le moteur thermique, du fait de l'augmentation de la vitesse du véhicule. Mais du fait que, selon l'invention, dans ce cas, on modifie le rapport r de démultiplication en l'adaptant au régime du moteur thermique, l'alternateur 1 tourne bien moins vite que le moteur thermique afin de limiter réchauffement de l'alternateur 1. Typiquement, le rapport de démultiplication varie de manière pilotée entre 1 et 5. Au cours de cette troisième étape, le moteur thermique passe de la deuxième vitesse Y de basculement à la vitesse Z de croisière. La vitesse de l'alternateur 1 passe d'Y/r2 à Z/r3. La vitesse du moteur électrique, mis en roue libre, est indifférente. L'alternateur 1 alimente alors la batterie en haute tension qui s'est déchargée dans la première et la deuxième étape, et en basse tension le réseau électrique de bord, via le convertisseur DC/DC.In a third step, the vehicle reaches and exceeds the second particular speed Y. In one example, the tilt speed Y is 5 km / h. The traction of the vehicle then switches from the electric motor to the engine. Clearly, the clutch is engaged if it was not already. The electric motor is freewheeling, the operation of the alternator 1 is reversed so that it switches to electric power generator mode. During this third step, the vehicle continues to accelerate to a speed Z corresponding to a cruising speed in the city or road of the vehicle. Essentially Z is larger than Y. During this third step, the alternator 1 is driven in acceleration by the engine, because of the increase in the speed of the vehicle. But because, according to the invention, in this case, the gear ratio r is modified by adapting it to the speed of the engine, the alternator 1 rotates much slower than the engine to limit the temperature of the engine. Alternator 1. Typically, the gear ratio varies in a controlled manner between 1 and 5. In this third step, the engine changes from the second tilt speed Y to the cruise speed Z. The speed of the alternator 1 goes from Y / r2 to Z / r3. The speed of the electric motor, set freewheeling, is indifferent. The alternator 1 then supplies the high-voltage battery which has discharged in the first and second stages, and at low voltage the on-board electrical network via the DC / DC converter.
[0062 ] Dans une quatrième étape, le véhicule maintient la vitesse Z de croisière. Au cours de cette quatrième étape, la batterie haute tension finit d'être totalement rechargée ; elle n'a donc plus besoin d'être alimentée par l'alternateur 1. Selon l'invention, on adapte la tension d'alimentation de l'alternateur 1 et le rapport de démultiplication du variateur mécanique 2 de vitesse pour pouvoir déconnecter le circuit HT et ainsi alimenter directement le réseau électrique de bord en basse tension. L'alternateur 1 passe donc de la génération d'énergie électrique en haute tension à la génération d'énergie électrique en basse tension. Typiquement, l'adaptation de la tension d'alimentation se traduit par un basculement vers la tension nominale de l'alternateur 1. Dans un exemple l'adaptation du rapport de démultiplication se traduit par une majoration de celui-ci. Dans un exemple, la majoration correspond à un rapport de démultiplication bloqué à 5. Au cours de cette quatrième étape, le moteur thermique reste à la troisième vitesse Z de croisière. La vitesse de l'alternateur 1 passe de Z/r3 (avec r3 variable) à Z/5. La vitesse du moteur électrique, mis en roue libre, est indifférente. [0063 ] La déconnection du circuit HT permet d'éliminer, dans cette phase de fonctionnement, le rendement du convertisseur DC/DC. Le rendement global de l'installation s'en trouve ainsi nettement amélioré.In a fourth step, the vehicle maintains the cruise speed Z. At During this fourth stage, the high voltage battery ends up being fully recharged; it therefore no longer needs to be powered by the alternator 1. According to the invention, the supply voltage of the alternator 1 and the gear ratio of the mechanical speed variator 2 are adapted to be able to disconnect the circuit HT and thus directly supply the on-board electrical network at low voltage. The alternator 1 therefore passes from the generation of electrical energy at high voltage to the generation of electrical energy at low voltage. Typically, the adaptation of the supply voltage results in a switchover to the nominal voltage of the alternator 1. In one example the adaptation of the gear ratio results in an increase thereof. In one example, the increase corresponds to a gear ratio locked at 5. During this fourth step, the engine remains at the third cruising speed Z. The speed of alternator 1 goes from Z / r3 (with variable r3) to Z / 5. The speed of the electric motor, set freewheeling, is indifferent. The disconnection of the circuit HT eliminates, in this phase of operation, the efficiency of the DC / DC converter. The overall efficiency of the installation is thus significantly improved.
Tableau 1Table 1
Figure imgf000015_0001
Figure imgf000015_0001

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé de commande d'un ensemble moteur, muni d'un alternateur réversible, comportant un redresseur, comportant un premier mode dit de génération d'énergie électrique où l'alternateur est entrainé par un moteur thermique et alimente, via un circuit basse tension à une tension nominale, un réseau de bord, et via un circuit haute tension, au moins un élément dont un stockeur d'énergie, et un second mode dit moteur, où l'alternateur est alimenté par le stockeur d'énergie et entraine le moteur thermique, caractérisé en ce dans le mode moteur, l'alternateur est alimenté avec une tension au moins égale à 1 ,5 fois la tension nominale et en ce que l'accouplement de l'alternateur au moteur thermique est obtenu au moyen d'un organe d'accouplement comprenant un variateur mécanique (2) de vitesse présentant au moins deux rapports (r) de démultiplication, le rapport de vitesse étant adapté en fonction des besoins d'alimentation en haute tension et du régime du moteur thermique.1. A method of controlling a motor assembly, provided with a reversible alternator, comprising a rectifier, comprising a first so-called electric power generation mode where the alternator is driven by a heat engine and supplies, via a low circuit voltage at a nominal voltage, an on-board network, and via a high voltage circuit, at least one element including an energy store, and a second motor mode, where the alternator is powered by the energy store and drives the engine, characterized in that in the engine mode, the alternator is supplied with a voltage at least equal to 1.5 times the nominal voltage and in that the coupling of the alternator to the engine is obtained by means of a coupling member comprising a mechanical speed variator (2) having at least two reduction ratios (r), the gear ratio being adapted as a function of the high voltage supply requirements and the speed of the motor; r thermal.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que l'on adapte le rapport du variateur de vitesse en faisant varier le rapport de démultiplication entre 1 et 5.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the variable speed drive is adapted by varying the gear ratio between 1 and 5.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé on ce que l'on fait varier le rapport de démultiplication de façon continue.3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that one varies the gear ratio continuously.
4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'on déconnecte le circuit haute tension lorsqu'aucun des éléments du circuit haute tension n'a besoin d'être alimenté.4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the high voltage circuit is disconnected when none of the elements of the high voltage circuit needs to be powered.
5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'on bloque le variateur de vitesse en fixant le rapport de démultiplication à une faible valeur lorsqu'aucun des éléments du circuit haute tension n'a besoin d'être alimenté.5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that one blocks the speed controller by setting the gear ratio to a low value when none of the elements of the high voltage circuit need to to be powered.
6. Ensemble moteur d'un véhicule automobile, muni d'un alternateur réversible, comportant un redresseur, ledit alternateur fonctionnant selon un premier mode dit de génération d'énergie électrique où l'alternateur est entrainé par un moteur thermique et alimente, via un circuit basse tension à une tension nominale, un réseau de bord, et via un circuit haute tension, au moins un élément dont un stockeur d'énergie, et un second mode dit moteur, où l'alternateur est alimenté par le stockeur d'énergie et entraine le moteur thermique, caractérisé par des moyens pour alimenter l'alternateur selon une tension au moins égale à 1 ,5 fois la tension nominale lorsque l'alternateur fonctionne en mode moteur et en ce que l'accouplement de l'alternateur au moteur thermique est obtenu au moyen d'un organe d'accouplement comprenant un variateur mécanique (2) de vitesse présentant au moins deux rapports (r) de démultiplication, le rapport de vitesse étant adapté en fonction des besoins d'alimentation en haute tension et du régime du moteur thermique.6. Motor assembly of a motor vehicle, provided with a reversible alternator, comprising a rectifier, said alternator operating in a first mode said generation of electrical energy where the alternator is driven by a heat engine and feeds, via a low voltage circuit at a nominal voltage, an on-board network, and via a high voltage circuit, at least one element including an energy store, and a second motor mode, where the alternator is powered by the energy store and drives the heat engine, characterized by means for supplying the alternator with a voltage at least equal to 1.5 times the nominal voltage when the alternator operates in engine mode and in that the coupling of the alternator to the engine is achieved by means of a coupling member comprising a mechanical speed variator (2) having at least two ratios (r) of reduction, the speed ratio being adapted according to the needs of high voltage supply and the speed of the engine.
7 Ensemble moteur selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que l'alternateur est positionné en série mécanique avec le moteur thermique et une boîte de vitesse de l'ensemble moteur.7 Engine assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that the alternator is positioned in mechanical series with the engine and a gearbox of the engine assembly.
8 Ensemble moteur selon l'une des revendications 6 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'alternateur est refroidi par air.8 engine assembly according to one of claims 6 to 7, characterized in that the alternator is cooled by air.
9 Ensemble moteur selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un interrupteur (6) de puissance à relais électriques symétriques pour basculer de l'alimentation en basse tension à l'alimentation en haute tension, et inversement.9 engine assembly according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that it comprises a switch (6) power with symmetrical electrical relays for switching from the low voltage supply to the high voltage supply, and vice versa .
10 Ensemble moteur selon l'une des revendications 6 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un organe d'accouplement, couplant l'alternateur au moteur thermique, comprenant un variateur mécanique de vitesse de type toroïdal.10 engine assembly according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that it comprises a coupling member, coupling the alternator to the engine, comprising a mechanical speed variator toroidal type.
1 1. Ensemble moteur selon l'une des revendications 6 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'un dispositif d'électronique de puissance est intégré sur l'alternateur pour son exploitation. 1 1. Engine assembly according to one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that a power electronics device is integrated on the alternator for its operation.
PCT/FR2009/050336 2008-03-11 2009-03-02 Method of controlling a drive assembly provided with a reversible alternator and with a speed variator, and associated drive assembly WO2009115719A2 (en)

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FR0851542A FR2928792B1 (en) 2008-03-11 2008-03-11 METHOD FOR CONTROLLING AN ENGINE ASSEMBLY WITH A REVERSIBLE ALTERNATOR AND A SPEED DRIVE AND ASSOCIATED ENGINE ASSEMBLY
FR0851542 2008-03-11

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DE10059038A1 (en) * 2000-11-28 2002-05-29 Heinz Leiber Automobile IC engine starting method has second battery with lower output voltage used for driving integrated starter-generator upon failure of battery with higher output voltage
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