WO2009113208A1 - 液晶表示装置 - Google Patents
液晶表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009113208A1 WO2009113208A1 PCT/JP2008/071037 JP2008071037W WO2009113208A1 WO 2009113208 A1 WO2009113208 A1 WO 2009113208A1 JP 2008071037 W JP2008071037 W JP 2008071037W WO 2009113208 A1 WO2009113208 A1 WO 2009113208A1
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- retardation film
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133634—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation the refractive index Nz perpendicular to the element surface being different from in-plane refractive indices Nx and Ny, e.g. biaxial or with normal optical axis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133371—Cells with varying thickness of the liquid crystal layer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
- G02F1/133514—Colour filters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
- G02F2413/12—Biaxial compensators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device. More specifically, the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device suitable for a liquid crystal display device in which the wavelength dispersion characteristics of a liquid crystal cell and a retardation film are optimally designed.
- TFT-LCDs TFT-type liquid crystal display devices
- a TFT-LCD will be described as an example.
- the present invention is not limited to a TFT-LCD, and can be applied to a simple matrix LCD, a plasma address LCD, and the like.
- the liquid crystal is sandwiched between a pair of substrates each having an electrode formed thereon, and can be applied to all LCDs that perform display by applying a voltage between the electrodes.
- the most widely used method in TFT-LCDs is a so-called TN mode in which liquid crystals having positive dielectric anisotropy are horizontally aligned between substrates facing each other.
- the TN mode liquid crystal display device is characterized in that the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules adjacent to one substrate is twisted by 90 ° with respect to the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules adjacent to the other substrate.
- Such a TN mode liquid crystal display device has established an inexpensive manufacturing technique and is industrially mature, but there is room for improvement in that it is difficult to achieve high contrast.
- VA mode liquid crystal display device in which liquid crystals having negative dielectric anisotropy are vertically aligned between mutually opposing substrates is disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- a VA (Vertical Alignment) mode liquid crystal display device liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a direction substantially perpendicular to the substrate surface when no voltage is applied. Show little birefringence or optical rotation, and light passes through the liquid crystal cell with almost no change in its polarization state.
- the VA mode liquid crystal display device having the above-described configuration has room for improvement in that it is difficult to increase the viewing angle.
- the liquid crystal cell hardly shows birefringence in the front, and the two polarizing elements are completely orthogonal to each other, so that a substantially complete black display state is realized.
- the liquid crystal cell exhibits birefringence and apparently has a phase difference, and the geometrical relative relationship between the two polarizing elements is apparently not orthogonal so that light leaks and contrasts. This is because the viewing angle is lowered and as a result, the viewing angle is narrowed.
- the VA mode liquid crystal display device is provided with a retardation film for the purpose of canceling an excessive phase difference at an oblique viewing angle of the liquid crystal cell and maintaining the orthogonality of the polarizing elements arranged in a crossed Nicols at the oblique viewing angle.
- a polarizing element is disposed on both sides of a vertically aligned liquid crystal cell, and the optical element is in-plane between the polarizing element and the liquid crystal cell, and the uniaxial position of the extraordinary refractive index> ordinary refractive index.
- Phase difference film (so-called positive type A plate), uniaxial phase difference film (so-called negative type C plate) having an optical axis outside the plane (in the normal direction of the film) and extraordinary refractive index ⁇ ordinary refractive index, or biaxial A technique for enlarging the viewing angle by disposing at least one of the retardation films is disclosed (for example, see Patent Documents 1 to 4).
- (1) and (2) are realized by disposing an appropriate retardation film.
- Wide viewing angle technology using such a retardation film is widely known, but in any conventional technology, the phase difference condition is optimally designed only at a single wavelength (usually around 550 nm). Except for the wavelength, there is room for improvement in that light leakage occurs during black display, and thus a coloring phenomenon occurs at an oblique viewing angle.
- the present inventors have (1) maintaining the orthogonality of polarizing elements arranged in crossed Nicols in the oblique viewing angle at the time of black display, and (2) the oblique viewing angle. Canceling the extra phase difference of the liquid crystal cell from the standpoint of chromatic dispersion characteristics, and compensating each with a different phase difference film in the liquid crystal display device, reverse wavelength dispersion phase difference film (reverse wavelength).
- reverse wavelength dispersion phase difference film reverse wavelength
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described situation, and an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device that is not colored during black display in a wide viewing angle range and has a high contrast ratio.
- the inventors of the present invention have made various studies on a liquid crystal display device which is not colored in a wide viewing angle range and has a high contrast ratio.
- liquid crystal cells other than the liquid crystal layer are used.
- the constituent materials for example, color filter layers, transparent electrode materials such as ITO
- a coloring phenomenon at an oblique viewing angle can be achieved using an inverse wavelength dispersion type biaxial retardation film having a small retardation. I found that it can be suppressed.
- the inventors pay attention to the retardation of the liquid crystal cell together with the retardation of the retardation film, optimize the retardation of the retardation film at a wavelength of 450 nm, a wavelength of 550 nm, and a wavelength of 650 nm, and a wavelength of 450 nm.
- the present invention includes a first polarizing element, a liquid crystal cell, and a second polarizing element in which the first polarizing element and the absorption axis direction are orthogonal when the display surface is viewed in this order, in this order,
- a liquid crystal display device having a retardation film between at least one of the first polarizing element and the liquid crystal cell and between the second polarizing element and the liquid crystal cell, wherein the retardation film is When the display surface is viewed in plan, the in-plane slow axis is perpendicular to the absorption axis of the polarizing element on the same side with respect to the liquid crystal cell and satisfies the following formulas (1) to (4)
- a biaxial retardation film of the type wherein the liquid crystal cell includes a liquid crystal layer and at least a blue, green and red color filter layer for separating blue, green and red, respectively, between a pair of transparent substrates
- R0 (B) / R0 (G) ⁇ 0.965 (1) Rth (B) / Rth (G) ⁇ 0.965 (2) R0 (R) / R0 (G) ⁇ 1.015 (3) Rth (R) / Rth (G) ⁇ 1.015 (4) Rth_LC (B) / Rth_LC (G) ⁇ 1.000 (5) Rth_LC (R) / Rth_LC (G) ⁇ 1.000 (6)
- R0 (B), R0 (G), and R0 (R) are in-plane retardations of the retardation film at a wavelength of 450 nm, a wavelength of 550 nm, and a wavelength of 650 nm, respectively.
- Rth (G) and Rth (R) are thickness direction retardations of the retardation film at a wavelength of 450 nm, a wavelength of 550 nm and a wavelength of 650 nm, respectively
- Rth_LC (B) in the formulas (5) and (6) Rth_LC (G) and Rth_LC (R) are thickness direction retardations of the liquid crystal cell at a wavelength of 450 nm, a wavelength of 550 nm, and a wavelength of 650 nm, respectively.
- the present invention is described in detail below.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes a first polarizing element, a liquid crystal cell, and a second polarizing element whose absorption axis azimuth is orthogonal to the first polarizing element when the display surface is viewed in this order.
- a retardation film is provided between at least one of the first polarizing element and the liquid crystal cell and between the second polarizing element and the liquid crystal cell.
- the “polarizing element” refers to an element having a function of changing natural light into linearly polarized light, and may be a so-called polarizer.
- any of the first polarizing element and the second polarizing element may be a polarizer (a polarizing element on the back surface side) or an analyzer (a polarizing element on the observation surface side).
- the liquid crystal cell usually has a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates.
- the first polarizing element and the second polarizing element are arranged so that the absorption axes are orthogonal to each other when the display surface is viewed in plan (crossed Nicols arrangement). Since the birefringence is hardly exhibited in the front direction at the time, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention can realize a substantially complete black display state in the front direction when no voltage is applied.
- the absorption axis direction (direction) of the first polarizing element is completely orthogonal to the absorption axis direction (direction) of the second polarizing element. If the high contrast ratio can be obtained in the front direction, the absorption axis direction of the first polarizing element and the absorption axis direction of the second polarizing element are not limited thereto.
- the angle formed may be shifted by about ⁇ 1 ° (more preferably 0.5 °) from 90 ° when the display surface is viewed in plan.
- O-type polarizing element in which an anisotropic material such as an iodine complex having dichroism is adsorbed and oriented on a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film is used as the polarizing element.
- An O-type polarizing element absorbs light oscillating in a specific direction (defined as an absorption axis) in the element plane, oscillates in a direction perpendicular to the absorption axis in the element plane, and in the element normal direction.
- a polarizing element that transmits oscillating light is assumed that a so-called O-type polarizing element in which an anisotropic material such as an iodine complex having dichroism is adsorbed and oriented on a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film.
- the “retardation film” refers to a layer having optical anisotropy, and includes a birefringent layer, a retardation plate, an optically anisotropic layer, a birefringent medium, and an optically anisotropic film. It is synonymous with retardation compensation film and the like.
- the retardation film in the present invention may be a sheet.
- the retardation film has an in-plane slow axis perpendicular to the absorption axis of the polarizing element on the same side as the liquid crystal cell when the display surface is viewed in plan, and the above formulas (1) to (4) It is a reverse wavelength dispersion type biaxial retardation film satisfying the above.
- green light having a wavelength of about 550 nm but also blue light having a wavelength of about 450 nm and red light having a wavelength of about 650 nm are optimally designed, so that the phase difference condition is optimized. It is possible to provide a high-quality liquid crystal display device that is not colored during display and has a high contrast ratio.
- the in-plane slow axis of the retardation film is completely orthogonal to the absorption axis of the polarizing element on the same side with respect to the liquid crystal cell.
- the polarizing element on the same side as the in-plane slow axis of the retardation film and the liquid crystal cell may be used as long as a high contrast ratio can be obtained in the front direction.
- the angle formed with the absorption axis may be shifted from 90 ° by ⁇ 1 ° (more preferably 0.5 °) when the display surface is viewed in plan.
- R0 (B) / R0 (G) and / or Rth (B) / Rth (G) exceeds 0.965, a blue coloring phenomenon may occur during black display. Furthermore, if R0 (R) / R0 (G) and / or Rth (R) / Rth (G) is less than 1.015, a red coloring phenomenon may occur during black display.
- the liquid crystal cell includes a liquid crystal layer and at least a blue, green, and red color filter layer that separates three colors of blue, green, and red, respectively, between a pair of transparent substrates, and the above formula (5) And a vertical alignment type liquid crystal cell satisfying (6).
- the reverse wavelength dispersion type biaxial retardation film having a relatively small phase difference as compared with the conventional one is used. can do.
- the thickness direction retardation of the liquid crystal cell is the total value of the thickness direction retardations of all the media inside the pair of transparent substrates including the pair of transparent substrates, that is, the entire liquid crystal cell is sampled.
- the thickness direction retardation measured as. Therefore, in the liquid crystal cell, when the liquid crystal cell constituent members such as the transparent substrate and the color filter layer have a phase difference in addition to the liquid crystal layer, the thickness direction retardation of the liquid crystal cell is a total value including them. It is.
- red is preferably a color having a dominant wavelength of 620 nm or more and 680 nm or less, and more preferably a color having a dominant wavelength of 630 nm or more and 670 nm or less.
- Green is preferably a color having a dominant wavelength of 520 nm or more and less than 580 nm, and more preferably a color having a dominant wavelength of 530 nm or more and 570 nm or less.
- Blue is preferably a color having a dominant wavelength of 420 nm or more and less than 480 nm, and more preferably a color having a dominant wavelength of 430 nm or more and 470 nm or less.
- the liquid crystal cell includes a liquid crystal layer, a blue color filter layer that transmits (separates) blue, a green color filter layer that transmits (separates) green, and red between a pair of transparent substrates. You may have a red color filter layer which permeate
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the liquid crystal display device includes the above-described constituent elements, and may or may not have other members as constituent elements. A preferred embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention will be described in detail below.
- the liquid crystal display device includes the first polarizing element, the first retardation film, the liquid crystal cell, the second retardation film, and the first polarizing element and the absorption axis when the display surface is viewed in plan view.
- the first retardation film has an in-plane slow axis perpendicular to the absorption axis of the first polarizing element when the display surface is viewed in plan.
- a reverse wavelength dispersion type biaxial retardation film satisfying the above formulas (1) to (4), wherein the second retardation film has an in-plane slow axis when the display surface is viewed in plan view.
- the liquid crystal display device includes: (a) the first polarizing element when the first polarizing element, the first retardation film, the liquid crystal cell, the second retardation film, and the display surface are viewed in plan view. And the second polarizing element whose absorption axis directions are orthogonal to each other in this order, and the first retardation film has an in-plane slow axis when the display surface is viewed in plan, and an absorption axis of the first polarizing element.
- the slow axis may be a negative C plate that is orthogonal or parallel to the absorption axis of the second polarizing element and satisfies the above formulas (1) to (4), or (b) When viewing the first polarizing element, the first retardation film, the liquid crystal cell, the second retardation film, and the display surface in plan view
- the first polarizing element and the second polarizing element having the absorption axis directions orthogonal to each other in this order.
- the first retardation film has an in-plane slow axis that is first when the display surface is viewed in plan view.
- the second retardation film 2 is a reverse wavelength dispersion type biaxial retardation film orthogonal to the absorption axis of the polarizing element and satisfying the above formulas (1) to (4), and the second retardation film has an in-plane retardation. May be a negative C plate that satisfies the above formulas (2) and (4). As a result, it is possible to realize a high contrast ratio without coloring in a wide viewing angle range without reducing the contrast ratio in the front direction.
- the in-plane slow axis of the second retardation film is completely perpendicular to or parallel to the absorption axis of the second polarizing element.
- the in-plane slow axis of the second retardation film and the second polarizing element may be shifted by about ⁇ 1 ° 1 (more preferably, 0.5 °) from 90 ° when the display surface is viewed in plan view.
- the angle formed between the in-plane slow axis of the retardation film and the absorption axis of the second polarizing element is ⁇ 1 ° (more preferably 0.5%) from perfect parallel when the display surface is viewed in plan. °) Degree may be different.
- a certain two axes or directions are orthogonal (orthogonal), and the angle formed by both axes or both directions is preferably exactly 90 °, but high contrast in the front direction. If the ratio can be obtained, it is not necessarily strictly 90 °, and both axes or both directions only need to be substantially orthogonal. Specifically, if it is within the range of 90 ° to ⁇ 1 ° (more preferably ⁇ 0.5 °), the effects of the present invention are sufficiently obtained. Further, in this specification, it is preferable that two axes or directions are parallel (parallel), and an angle formed by both axes or both directions is preferably exactly 0 °, but a high contrast ratio is obtained in the front direction.
- a TAC (triacetyl cellulose) film that is generally used practically as a protective film for a polarizing element is suitable as the second retardation film.
- the retardation film preferably satisfies R0 (B) / R0 (G) ⁇ 0.965 (more preferably 0.940).
- the retardation film has Rth (B) / Rth (G) of R0. More preferably, it is substantially equal to (B) / R0 (G).
- the retardation film preferably satisfies R0 (B) / R0 (G) ⁇ 0.818. preferable.
- the retardation film preferably satisfies R0 (R) / R0 (G) ⁇ 1.015 (more preferably 1.040).
- the retardation film has Rth (R) / Rth (G) of R0. More preferably, it is substantially equal to (R) / R0 (G).
- the retardation film preferably satisfies R0 (R) / R0 (G) ⁇ 1.181. preferable.
- the liquid crystal cell preferably satisfies 0.818 ⁇ Rth_LC (B) / Rth_LC (G) ⁇ 1.000, and 0.818 ⁇ Rth_LC (B). It is more preferable to satisfy /Rth_LC(G) ⁇ 0.965.
- the liquid crystal cell preferably satisfies 1.000 ⁇ Rth_LC (R) / Rth_LC (G) ⁇ 1.181, and 1.015 ⁇ Rth_LC (R). More preferably, /Rth_LC(G) ⁇ 1.181 is satisfied.
- the thickness of the liquid crystal layer corresponding to the region where the blue, green and red color filter layers are provided is d (R), d (G) and d (B), respectively. It is preferable that at least one of (R), d (G), and d (B) is different from the others, and it is more preferable that d (R), d (G), and d (B) are different from each other. Thereby, the liquid crystal cell which satisfy
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the liquid crystal display device of the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the transition of the polarization state in the liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and shows the S1-S3 plane of the Poincare sphere.
- 3A and 3B are diagrams for explaining the transition of the polarization state in a conventional liquid crystal display device.
- FIG. 3A shows the case of a wavelength of 450 nm
- FIG. 3B shows the case of a wavelength of 550 nm
- FIG. 4A and 4B are diagrams for explaining the transition of the polarization state in the liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4A shows the case of a wavelength of 450 nm
- FIG. 4B shows the case of a wavelength of 550 nm
- (C) shows the case of a wavelength of 650 nm.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes a vertical alignment type liquid crystal cell 10, a pair of polarizing elements 14f and 14r arranged with the liquid crystal cell 10 interposed therebetween, the liquid crystal cell 10 and the first polarizing element.
- the first polarizing element 14r and the second polarizing element 14f are substantially orthogonal to each other (the angle formed by both axes is within 90 ° ⁇ 1 °, more Preferably, it is arranged (crossed Nicol arrangement) so as to be within 90 ° ⁇ 0.5 °.
- a backlight unit (not shown) is disposed as a light source on the opposite side of the polarizing film 14r that does not face the liquid crystal cell 10.
- a protective film such as a TAC (triacetyl cellulose) film is disposed outside the first polarizing element 14r and the second polarizing element 14f.
- the first biaxial retardation film 15r and the second biaxial retardation film 15f also function as protective films that protect the first polarizing element 14r and the second polarizing element 14f.
- Each member excluding the backlight unit is bonded with an adhesive or an adhesive.
- the liquid crystal cell 10 includes first and second transparent substrates 11r and 11f, and a liquid crystal layer 13 made of liquid crystal sealed between the transparent substrates 11r and 11f and vertically aligned with respect to the transparent substrates 11r and 11f. It is configured to include. On the transparent substrate 11f, a blue pixel having a blue color filter layer 12B, a green pixel having a green color filter layer 12G, and a red pixel having a red color filter layer 12R are fixed.
- one pixel is constituted by three subpixels (subpixels) of blue, green, and red adjacent to each other, and various color displays are possible.
- the color filter layers 12B, 12G, and 12R are formed on the second transparent substrate 11f side, but are formed on the first transparent substrate 11r side. May be.
- the liquid crystal cell 10 is a vertical alignment type liquid crystal cell that performs black display by aligning the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 13 perpendicularly to the surfaces of the transparent substrates 11r and 11f.
- the liquid crystal display mode for performing black display by aligning the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 13 perpendicularly to the surfaces of the transparent substrates 11r and 11f include a TN mode, an ECB mode, a VA mode, and an OCB mode.
- the “vertical alignment type liquid crystal cell” does not have to be a liquid crystal cell in which liquid crystal molecules are aligned strictly perpendicular to the substrate surface, but the liquid crystal molecules are substantially aligned with respect to the substrate surface.
- a liquid crystal cell that is vertically aligned may be used.
- transparent substrates 11r and 11f conventional ones can be used as appropriate, and for example, glass can be used.
- conventional polarizing elements 14r and 14f can be appropriately used.
- a material obtained by adsorbing and orienting an anisotropic material such as an iodine complex having dichroism on a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film is used. can do.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- the liquid crystal layer 13 a conventional one can be used as appropriate, and for example, a nematic liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy can be used.
- the vertical alignment can be realized by using a vertical alignment film (not shown) typically made of polyimide or the like.
- the biaxial retardation films 15r and 15f have the main refractive index in the in-plane direction of the retardation film as nx and ny (nx> ny), the main refractive index in the out-of-plane direction as nz, and the thickness of the retardation film as d. In any case, the relationship is nx>ny> nz.
- the retardation films 15r and 15f are in-plane retardations R0 (B), R0 (G) and R0 (R) of a retardation film at a wavelength of 450 nm, a wavelength of 550 nm and a wavelength of 650 nm, respectively, a wavelength of 450 nm, a wavelength of 550 nm and a wavelength of 650 nm.
- a retardation film of the reverse wavelength dispersion type in which the retardation Rth (B), Rth (G), Rth (R) in the thickness direction of the retardation film satisfies the following formulas (1) to (4).
- a reverse wavelength dispersion type biaxial retardation film for example, a modified polycarbonate film having a fluorene skeleton, a modified cellulose film having an appropriately controlled degree of acetylation, and the like can be used as appropriate.
- the formation method of the biaxial retardation films 15r and 15f is not particularly limited. In the case of a film, for example, a solvent casting method, a melt extrusion method, or the like can be used.
- a method of simultaneously forming a plurality of retardation films by a co-extrusion method may be used. Further, as long as a desired phase difference is expressed, the film may be unstretched or may be subjected to appropriate stretching.
- the stretching method is not particularly limited, and other specific stretching is performed under the action of the shrinkage force of the heat-shrinkable film, in addition to the roll-to-roll tensile stretching method, the inter-roll compression stretching method, the tenter transverse uniaxial stretching method, the longitudinal and transverse biaxial stretching method. The law etc. can be used.
- R0 (B) / R0 (G) ⁇ 0.965 (more preferably 0.940) (1) Rth (B) / Rth (G) ⁇ 0.965 (more preferably 0.940) (2) R0 (R) / R0 (G) ⁇ 1.015 (more preferably 1.040) (3) Rth (R) / Rth (G) ⁇ 1.015 (more preferably 1.040) (4)
- the biaxial retardation films 15r and 15f are R0 (B), R0 (G) and R0 (R), respectively.
- Rth (B), Rth (G), and Rth (R) preferably satisfy the following formulas (A) to (D).
- the biaxial retardation films 15r and 15f have Rth (B) / Rth (G) as R0 (B) / R0 (G), respectively. It is more preferable that Rth (R) / Rth (G) is approximately equal to R0 (R) / R0 (G).
- the retardation of the biaxial retardation films 15r and 15f is not specifically limited on the condition that it has the effect of improving the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display device.
- An optimum value can be selected as appropriate in consideration of the thickness direction retardation Rth_LC.
- the in-plane slow axis (x-axis direction) of the biaxial retardation film 15r is substantially orthogonal to the absorption axis of the polarizing element 14r when the display surface is viewed in plan (the angle formed by both axes is (Set within 90 ° ⁇ 1 °, more preferably within 90 ° ⁇ 0.5 °)
- the in-plane slow axis (x-axis direction) of the biaxial retardation film 15f When viewed in a plan view, it is substantially orthogonal to the absorption axis of the polarizing element 14f (the angle between both axes is set within 90 ° ⁇ 1 °, and more preferably within 90 ° ⁇ 0.5 °. ).
- the “in-plane slow axis of the retardation film” refers to the direction of the dielectric principal axis (x-axis direction) corresponding to the main refractive index nx.
- the “optical axis” is different from the optical axis in the strict sense in the field of crystal optics, and is assumed to conform to the following definition. That is, the “optical axis” means the main axis corresponding to the main refractive index having the maximum absolute value of the difference from the average value among the three main refractive indexes of the retardation film. Therefore, even when the retardation film is optically biaxial, the “optical axis” of the retardation film is not two but one.
- the “optical axis” of the biaxial retardation film corresponds to a conventionally defined optical axis when it is optically approximated to a uniaxial retardation film.
- Conventional color filter layers 12B, 12G, and 12R can be appropriately used.
- a pigment-dispersed color filter layer can be used.
- the thickness of the blue color filter layer 12B > (the thickness of the green color filter layer 12G)> (the thickness of the red color filter layer 12R) is set. Accordingly, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 13 satisfies the relationship of (thickness of the liquid crystal layer 13 of the red pixel)> (thickness of the liquid crystal layer 13 of the green pixel)> (thickness of the liquid crystal layer 13 of the blue pixel). .
- the thickness direction retardation of the liquid crystal cell 10 is represented by the following formulas (5) and (6).
- the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 13 of each color pixel is not limited to the above relationship. This is because the optimum thickness of the liquid crystal layer 13 varies depending on the phase difference and the wavelength dispersion of the color filter layers 12B, 12G, and 12R, and the birefringence wavelength dispersion of the liquid crystal material forming the liquid crystal layer 13.
- Rth_LC (B), Rth_LC (G), and Rth_LC (R) are thickness direction retardations of the liquid crystal cell 10 at a wavelength of 450 nm, a wavelength of 550 nm, and a wavelength of 650 nm, respectively.
- the thickness direction retardation of the liquid crystal cell is a total value of thickness direction retardations of all the media inside the pair of transparent substrates including the pair of transparent substrates, that is, the entire liquid crystal cell. Is a thickness direction phase difference measured using as a sample. Therefore, in the liquid crystal cell, when the liquid crystal cell constituent members such as the transparent substrate and the color filter layer have a phase difference in addition to the liquid crystal layer, the thickness direction retardation of the liquid crystal cell is a total value including them.
- Rth_LC (B), Rth_LC (G), and Rth_LC (R) preferably satisfy the following formulas (E) and (F).
- the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 13 is adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the color filter layers 12B, 12G, and 12R for each color pixel, but the color filter layers 12B, 12G, and 12R are adjusted.
- the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 13 may be adjusted by providing a thickness adjusting layer made of a transparent material separately from the thickness of each color pixel.
- both the color filter layers 12B, 12G, and 12R and the thickness adjustment layer may have different thicknesses for each color pixel, and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 13 may be adjusted.
- liquid crystal cell constituent members for example, an alignment film, a transparent electrode, a TFT element, a metal wiring, etc.
- liquid crystal cell constituent members for example, an alignment film, a transparent electrode, a TFT element, a metal wiring, etc.
- the color filter layer of the prior art generally has a C plate type phase difference.
- the C-plate type phase difference is defined as nx ⁇ ny ⁇ nz when the main refractive index in the in-plane direction (x direction, y direction) is nx, ny, and the main refractive index in the out-of-plane direction (z direction) is nz. Is a phase difference in which the optical axis is in the out-of-plane direction.
- the C plate may be classified as a positive C plate or a negative C plate depending on whether the value of (abnormal light refractive index) ⁇ (ordinary light refractive index) is positive or negative. That is, if nx ⁇ ny ⁇ nz, it is a positive C plate, and if nx ⁇ ny> nz, it is a negative C plate.
- the green color filter layer tends to be a positive C plate
- the blue color filter layer and the red color filter layer tend to be a negative C plate.
- Rth (G) + 14 nm
- Rth (R) ⁇ 6 nm. Met.
- the thickness direction retardation Rth of the liquid crystal layer is represented by the product ⁇ n ⁇ d of the birefringence ⁇ n of the liquid crystal and the cell thickness d when the alignment state of the liquid crystal layer is vertical alignment.
- ⁇ n (B) ⁇ n (G)
- ⁇ n (R) ⁇ n (R)
- ⁇ n (G) 0.09
- ⁇ ( B) / ⁇ (G) 1.05
- ⁇ (R) / ⁇ (G) 0.97.
- the thickness direction retardations Rth_LC (B), Rth_LC (G) and Rth_LC (R) of the liquid crystal cell are adjusted.
- the relative relationship can be arbitrarily adjusted.
- Poincare sphere The idea of Poincare sphere is widely known in the field of crystal optics and the like as a useful technique for tracking the polarization state changing through the phase difference element (for example, Hiroshi Takasaki, “Crystal optics”, Morikita Publishing, 1975, p.146-163).
- phase difference element for example, Hiroshi Takasaki, “Crystal optics”, Morikita Publishing, 1975, p.146-163
- right-handed polarized light is represented in the upper hemisphere
- left-handed polarized light is represented in the lower hemisphere
- linearly polarized light is represented in the equator
- right circularly polarized light and left circularly polarized light are represented in the upper and lower poles.
- the two polarization states that are symmetric with respect to the center of the sphere form a pair of orthogonal polarization because the absolute values of the ellipticity angles are equal and the polarities are opposite.
- the effect of the retardation film on the Poincare sphere is that the point representing the polarization state immediately before passing through the retardation film is centered on the slow axis on the Poincare sphere (2 ⁇ ) ⁇ (phase difference) / (wavelength) ( The unit is to convert to a point rotated and rotated by an angle determined by rad).
- the rotation center and the rotation angle when observed from an oblique direction are determined by the slow axis and the phase difference at the observation angle.
- these can be calculated, for example, by solving the Fresnel wavefront normal equation and knowing the vibration direction and wave number vector of the natural vibration mode in the retardation film, and the slow phase when observed from an oblique direction.
- the liquid crystal display device of the first embodiment of the present invention is referred to as an azimuth (hereinafter referred to as an azimuth angle of 45 °) that bisects the absorption axis directions of the first polarizing element 14r and the second polarizing element 14f.
- an azimuth hereinafter referred to as an azimuth angle of 45 °
- the light emitted from the backlight has a polarization state immediately after passing through the first polarizing element 14r, which is located at the point P0 on the Poincare sphere and can be absorbed by the second polarizing element 14f represented by the point E, that is, This does not coincide with the extinction position of the second polarizing element 14f.
- This situation is illustrated in the S1-S3 plane of the Poincare sphere as shown in FIG. Although the points representing the respective polarization states are actually on the Poincare sphere, they are projected onto the S1-S3 plane. For simplicity, the absorption and interface reflection of each optical element are ignored, and ⁇ n (typically 0.0001 to 0.1) of each of the retardation films 15r and 15f is the average refractive index (1 4 to 1.6).
- the points P0 and E When observed from the front direction (not shown), the points P0 and E, which should have overlapped, do not overlap when observed from an oblique direction with an azimuth angle of 45 ° and a polar angle of 60 °. If there is no phase difference film 15r, 15f, light leakage will occur in the observation from an oblique direction. However, since the liquid crystal cell 10 and the retardation films 15r and 15f are actually present, the situation is different. First, by passing through the first biaxial retardation film 15r, the polarization state at the point P0 becomes Poincare sphere. A rotation conversion of a specific angle is performed around the slow axis of the first biaxial retardation film 15r represented by the upper point B1, and the point P1 is reached.
- the liquid crystal display device of the first embodiment of the present invention blocks light from the backlight even when observed from an azimuth angle of 45 ° and a polar angle of 60 °, as in the case of observation from the front direction. Can do.
- the description of the polarization state on the Poincare sphere as described above is basically a description of monochromatic light having a specific wavelength (generally assuming a wavelength of around 550 nm).
- the conversion amount of the polarization state due to the retardation of the retardation film is (2 ⁇ ) ⁇ Since it is determined by (phase difference) / (wavelength) (unit is rad), the phase difference required to obtain the same polarization state conversion amount varies depending on the wavelength of light. Specifically, a longer phase difference is required for longer wavelengths.
- the amount of conversion of the polarization state differs for each wavelength.
- green monochromatic light having a wavelength of 550 nm When the optimally designed retardation film and liquid crystal cell are used, as shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C, green light having a wavelength of 550 nm is converted into a point P3 that overlaps with the point E.
- blue light having a wavelength of 450 nm and red light having a wavelength of 650 nm are changed to a point P3 different from the point E.
- there is a problem that blue and red light leakage occurs and the black display of the liquid crystal display device is colored which is known as a problem of the liquid crystal display device of the prior art.
- the retardation films 15r and 15f and the liquid crystal cell 10 satisfy the relationships of the above formulas (1) to (6).
- FIGS. 4A to 4C in the same manner that green light having a wavelength of 550 nm is converted to a point P3 that overlaps with the point E, blue light having a wavelength of 450 nm and red light having a wavelength of 650 nm are also converted. Since each point is converted to a point P3 overlapping with the point E, a high-quality black display without coloring can be obtained.
- the most ideal wavelength dispersion characteristic of the retardation film and the liquid crystal cell is (retardation) ⁇ (wavelength).
- the relations of the above formulas (1) to (6) are obtained. It has been found that a high-quality black display without coloring can be obtained as long as it is satisfied.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the liquid crystal display device of the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the transition of the polarization state in the liquid crystal display device of the second embodiment of the present invention, and shows the S1-S3 plane of the Poincare sphere.
- 7A and 7B are diagrams for explaining the transition of the polarization state in the liquid crystal display device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7A shows the case of a wavelength of 450 nm
- FIG. 7B shows the case of a wavelength of 550 nm.
- (C) shows the case of a wavelength of 650 nm.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes a vertical alignment type liquid crystal cell 20, a pair of polarizing elements 24f and 24r disposed with the liquid crystal cell 20 interposed therebetween, and the liquid crystal cell 20 and one polarizing element 14r. And a TAC (triacetylcellulose) film 26f disposed between the liquid crystal cell 20 and the second polarizing element 24f.
- TAC triacetylcellulose
- the first polarizing element 24r and the second polarizing element 24f have absorption axes that are substantially orthogonal to each other (the angle between both axes is within 90 ° ⁇ 1 °, More preferably, it is arranged so as to be within 90 ° ⁇ 0.5 ° (crossed Nicol arrangement).
- a backlight unit (not shown) is disposed as a light source on the opposite side of the polarizing film 24r that does not face the liquid crystal cell 20.
- a protective film such as a TAC (triacetyl cellulose) film is disposed outside the first polarizing element 24r and the second polarizing element 24f.
- the first biaxial retardation film 25r and the TAC film 26f also function as protective films that protect the first polarizing element 24r and the second polarizing element 24f.
- Each member excluding the backlight unit is bonded with an adhesive or an adhesive.
- the liquid crystal cell 20 includes a first and second transparent substrates 21r and 21f, and a liquid crystal layer 23 made of liquid crystal sealed between the transparent substrates 21r and 21f and vertically aligned with respect to the transparent substrates 21r and 21f. It is configured to include. On the transparent substrate 21f, a red pixel on which the blue color filter layer 22B is disposed, a green pixel on which the green color filter layer 22G is disposed, and a red pixel on which the red color filter layer 22R is disposed are constant.
- one pixel is constituted by three subpixels (subpixels) of blue, green, and red adjacent to each other, and various color displays are possible.
- the color filter layers 22B, 22G, and 22R are formed on the second transparent substrate 21f side, but are formed on the first transparent substrate 21r side. May be.
- the liquid crystal cell 20 of the second embodiment of the present invention can be the same as the liquid crystal cell 10 of the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the polarizing elements 24f and 24r of the second embodiment of the present invention can be the same as the polarizing elements 14f and 14r of the first embodiment of the present invention, respectively. The same applies to other members.
- the main refractive index in the in-plane direction of the retardation film is nx, ny (nx> ny), the main refractive index in the out-of-plane direction is nz, and the thickness of the retardation film is d.
- the relationship is nx> ny> nz.
- the phase difference film 25r has an in-plane retardation R0 (B), R0 (G) and R0 (R) of a retardation film at a wavelength of 450 nm, a wavelength of 550 nm, and a wavelength of 650 nm, and a wavelength at a wavelength of 450 nm, a wavelength of 550 nm, and a wavelength of 650 nm, respectively.
- the thickness direction retardation Rth (B), Rth (G) and Rth (R) of the retardation film satisfy the above formulas (1) to (4) (formulas (1) to (4) in the first embodiment).
- This is a so-called reverse wavelength dispersion type retardation film.
- a reverse wavelength dispersion type biaxial retardation film for example, a modified polycarbonate film having a fluorene skeleton, a modified cellulose film having an appropriately controlled degree of acetylation, and the like can be used as appropriate.
- the method for forming the biaxial retardation film 25r is not particularly limited. In the case of a film, for example, a solvent casting method, a melt extrusion method, or the like can be used.
- a method of simultaneously forming a plurality of retardation films by a co-extrusion method may be used. Further, as long as a desired phase difference is expressed, the film may be unstretched or may be subjected to appropriate stretching.
- the stretching method is not particularly limited, and other specific stretching is performed under the action of the shrinkage force of the heat-shrinkable film, in addition to the roll-to-roll tensile stretching method, the inter-roll compression stretching method, the tenter transverse uniaxial stretching method, the longitudinal and transverse biaxial stretching method. The law etc. can be used.
- the biaxial retardation film 25r is composed of R0 (B), R0 (G), R0 (R), and Rth.
- B), Rth (G), and Rth (R) preferably satisfy the above formulas (A) to (D) (formulas (A) to (D) in Embodiment 1).
- the biaxial retardation film 25r has Rth (B) / Rth (G) substantially equal to R0 (B) / R0 (G). Is more preferable, and it is more preferable that Rth (R) / Rth (G) is substantially equal to R0 (R) / R0 (G).
- the TAC film 26f functions as a protective film and also functions as a retardation film.
- the retardation of the biaxial retardation film 25r is not particularly limited as long as it has an effect of improving the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display device, and the thickness direction retardation of the liquid crystal cell 20 as a whole.
- the in-plane slow axis (x-axis direction) of the biaxial retardation film 25r is substantially orthogonal to the absorption axis of the polarizing element 24r when the display surface is viewed in plan (the angle formed by both axes is It is set within 90 ° ⁇ 1 °, more preferably within 90 ° ⁇ 0.5 °).
- the in-plane retardation R0 (G) of the TAC film 26f is preferably zero. However, as a result of investigation by the present inventor, it has been found that if it is 10 nm or less, the same effect as in the case of zero can be obtained. .
- the in-plane slow axis (x-axis direction) and the absorption axis of the polarizing element 24f are substantially orthogonal when the display surface is viewed in plan.
- An angle between both axes is within 90 ° ⁇ 1 °, more preferably within 90 ° ⁇ 0.5 °
- substantially parallel an angle between both axes is within 0 ° ⁇ 1 °, more preferably, 0 ° ⁇ 0.5 ° or less
- Conventional color filter layers 22B, 22G, and 22R can be appropriately used.
- a pigment-dispersed color filter layer can be used.
- the thickness of the blue color filter layer 22B> (the thickness of the green color filter layer 22G)> (the thickness of the red color filter layer 22R) is set. Accordingly, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 23 satisfies the relationship of (thickness of the liquid crystal layer 23 of the red pixel)> (thickness of the liquid crystal layer 23 of the green pixel)> (thickness of the liquid crystal layer 23 of the blue pixel). .
- this relationship is determined to optimize the wavelength dispersion of the thickness direction retardation of the liquid crystal cell 20 as a whole, and the thickness direction retardation of the liquid crystal cell 20 is determined by the above formulas (5) and (6) (
- the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 23 of each color pixel is not limited to the above relationship as long as the relationship of the expressions (5) and (6) in the first embodiment is satisfied. This is because the optimal thickness of the liquid crystal layer 23 varies depending on the phase difference and wavelength dispersion of the color filter layers 22B, 22G, 22R and the like, and the birefringence wavelength dispersion of the liquid crystal material forming the liquid crystal layer 23.
- Rth_LC (B), Rth_LC (G), and Rth_LC (R) are the above formulas (E) and (F) (formulas in the first embodiment) It is preferable to satisfy (E) and (F)).
- the effects of the present invention will be described by tracking the transition of the polarization state on the Poincare sphere.
- the liquid crystal display device of the second embodiment of the present invention is observed from an oblique direction with an azimuth angle of 45 ° and a polar angle of 60 °.
- the light emitted from the backlight has a polarization state immediately after passing through the first polarizing element 24r, which is located at the point P0 on the Poincare sphere, and can be absorbed by the second polarizing element 24f represented by the point E, that is, This does not match the extinction position of the second polarizing element.
- This situation is illustrated in the S1-S3 plane of the Poincare sphere as shown in FIG.
- the points P0 and E When observed from the front direction (not shown), the points P0 and E, which should have overlapped, do not overlap when observed from an oblique direction with an azimuth angle of 45 ° and a polar angle of 60 °. If there is no phase difference film 25r, light leakage will occur in observation from an oblique direction as it is. However, since the liquid crystal cell 20 and the retardation film 25r are actually present, the situation is different. First, by passing through the biaxial retardation film 25r, the polarization state at the point P0 is the point B1 on the Poincare sphere. A rotation angle of a specific angle is received around the slow axis of the represented biaxial retardation film 25r, and the point P1 is reached.
- the liquid crystal display device blocks light from the backlight even when observed from an azimuth angle of 45 ° and a polar angle of 60 °, as in the case of observation from the front direction. Can do.
- the biaxial retardation film 25r and the liquid crystal cell 20 have the above formulas (1) to (6) (the formula (1 in the first embodiment) ) To (6)) are satisfied, as shown in FIGS. 7 (a) to (c), the blue light having a wavelength of 450 nm is converted into the point P2, as in the case where green light having a wavelength of 550 nm is converted to the point P2. And red light having a wavelength of 650 nm are also converted to point P2. Even if the last conversion by the TAC film 26f gives a different polarization conversion amount for each wavelength, the difference in the change amount with respect to the entire conversion amount is small, as shown in FIGS.
- the TAC film 26f It has been found that it is more preferable that the in-plane retardation R0 and the thickness direction retardation Rth also satisfy the relationships of the above formulas (1) to (4). Note that a TAC film that is practically used as a protective film for a polarizing element is a so-called reverse wavelength dispersion film that actually satisfies the relationships of the above formulas (1) to (4).
- Example 1 A liquid crystal display device similar to that of the first embodiment of the present invention was actually manufactured as Example 1. Each optical parameter (phase difference and its wavelength dispersion) is summarized in Table 1 together with that of Example 2.
- Example 2 A liquid crystal display device similar to that of the second embodiment of the present invention was actually manufactured as Example 2.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the liquid crystal display device of Comparative Example 4.
- the liquid crystal display device of Comparative Example 4 includes a vertical alignment type liquid crystal cell 30, a pair of polarizing elements 34 f and 34 r disposed with the liquid crystal cell 30 interposed therebetween, the liquid crystal cell 30, and the first liquid crystal cell 30.
- a negative C plate 35r disposed between the polarizing elements 34r, and a positive A plate 36f disposed between the liquid crystal cell 30 and the second polarizing element 34f.
- a backlight unit (not shown) is disposed as a light source on the opposite side of the polarizing film 34r that does not face the liquid crystal cell 20.
- the first polarizing element 34r and the second polarizing element 34f are arranged so that their absorption axes are substantially orthogonal to each other, and the positive A plate 36f has its slow axis substantially the same as the absorption axis of the second polarizing element 34f. They were arranged so as to be orthogonal.
- the color filter layer thickness liquid crystal cell thickness is the same for each color.
- Measurement method of viewing angle of chromaticity of liquid crystal display Measurement was performed using a viewing angle measuring device (trade name: Ez-Contrast 160, manufactured by ELDIM).
- Ez-Contrast 160 manufactured by ELDIM
- a backlight mounted on a commercially available liquid crystal television manufactured by Sharp Corporation, LC-42GX3W was used as the light source.
- the u′v ′ chromaticity point for black display in the front direction (polar angle 0 °) and the u′v ′ chromaticity point for black display in the oblique direction with an azimuth angle of 45 ° and a polar angle of 60 ° are measured.
- the distance between the points was ⁇ E (45, 60).
- Tables 1 and 2 show the measurement results of the optical parameters (phase difference and its wavelength dispersion), contrast viewing angle, and chromaticity viewing angle of each example and comparative example. From the evaluation results shown in Tables 1 and 2, the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention have CR (45, 60) equal to or higher than the liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 according to the prior art. Thus, it was found that ⁇ E (45, 60) is small and the display performance is excellent. Further, it was found that the reverse wavelength dispersion retardation film had the same display performance although the necessary retardation of the reverse wavelength dispersion retardation film was small as compared with the liquid crystal display device of Comparative Example 4 according to the prior art.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a high-quality liquid crystal display device having a high contrast ratio without coloring in a wide viewing angle range while suppressing a necessary retardation of a reverse wavelength dispersion retardation film that is difficult to manufacture. Proven.
- FIG. 1 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the structure of the liquid crystal display device of 1st embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the transition of the polarization state in the liquid crystal display device of 1st embodiment of this invention, and shows S1-S3 plane of a Poincare sphere. It is a figure for demonstrating the transition of the polarization state in the conventional liquid crystal display device, (a) shows the case of wavelength 450nm, (b) shows the case of wavelength 550nm, (c) shows the wavelength of 650nm. Show the case.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a liquid crystal display device of Comparative Example 4.
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Abstract
Description
R0(B)/R0(G)≦0.965 (1)
Rth(B)/Rth(G)≦0.965 (2)
R0(R)/R0(G)≧1.015 (3)
Rth(R)/Rth(G)≧1.015 (4)
Rth_LC(B)/Rth_LC(G)≦1.000 (5)
Rth_LC(R)/Rth_LC(G)≧1.000 (6)
式(1)~(4)中、R0(B)、R0(G)及びR0(R)はそれぞれ、波長450nm、波長550nm及び波長650nmにおける上記位相差フィルムの面内位相差であり、Rth(B)、Rth(G)及びRth(R)はそれぞれ、波長450nm、波長550nm及び波長650nmにおける上記位相差フィルムの厚み方向位相差であり、式(5)及び(6)中、Rth_LC(B)、Rth_LC(G)及びRth_LC(R)はそれぞれ、波長450nm、波長550nm及び波長650nmにおける上記液晶セルの厚み方向位相差である。
以下に、本発明を詳述する。
本発明の液晶表示装置における好ましい形態について以下に詳しく説明する。
本発明を適用した液晶表示装置の第一の実施の形態について、図1~4を参照しながら説明する。図1は、本発明の第一の実施形態の液晶表示装置の構成を示す断面模式図である。図2は、本発明の第一の実施形態の液晶表示装置における偏光状態の変遷を説明するための図であり、ポアンカレ球のS1-S3平面を示す。図3は、従来の液晶表示装置における偏光状態の変遷を説明するための図であり(a)は、波長450nmの場合を示し、(b)は、波長550nmの場合を示し、(c)は、波長650nmの場合を示す。図4は、本発明の第一の実施形態の液晶表示装置における偏光状態の変遷を説明するための図であり(a)は、波長450nmの場合を示し、(b)は、波長550nmの場合を示し、(c)は、波長650nmの場合を示す。
液晶セル10は、液晶層13中の液晶分子を透明基板11r、11f面に対して垂直に配向させることで黒表示を行う垂直配向型の液晶セルである。液晶層13中の液晶分子を透明基板11r、11f面に垂直に配向させることで黒表示を行う液晶表示モードとしては、TNモード、ECBモード、VAモード、OCBモード等が挙げられる。このように、本明細書で「垂直配向型の液晶セル」とは、液晶分子を基板面に対して厳密に垂直に配向させる液晶セルである必要はなく、液晶分子を基板面に対して実質的に垂直に配向させる液晶セルでもよい。
R0(B)/R0(G)≦0.965(より好適には0.940) (1)
Rth(B)/Rth(G)≦0.965(より好適には0.940) (2)
R0(R)/R0(G)≧1.015(より好適には1.040) (3)
Rth(R)/Rth(G)≧1.015(より好適には1.040) (4)
R0(B)/R0(G)≧0.818 (A)
Rth(B)/Rth(G)≧0.818 (B)
R0(R)/R0(G)≦1.181 (C)
Rth(R)/Rth(G)≦1.181 (D)
Rth_LC(B)/Rth_LC(G)≦1.000(より好適には0.965) (5)
Rth_LC(R)/Rth_LC(G)≧1.000(より好適には1.015) (6)
式(5)及び(6)中、Rth_LC(B)、Rth_LC(G)及びRth_LC(R)はそれぞれ、波長450nm、波長550nm及び波長650nmにおける液晶セル10の厚み方向位相差である。ここで、厚み方向位相差とは、媒体の面内方向の主屈折率をnx、ny(nx≧ny)とし、面外方向の主屈折率をnz、媒体の厚みをdとしたとき、Rth=(nz-(nx+ny)/2)×dと定義される。また、本明細書中、液晶セルの厚み方向位相差とは、一対の透明基板を含む一対の透明基板の内側にある全ての媒体の厚み方向位相差の合計値であり、すなわち、液晶セル全体を試料として測定した厚み方向位相差である。したがって、液晶セルにおいて、液晶層の他に、透明基板、カラーフィルタ層等の液晶セル構成部材が位相差を有する場合、液晶セルの厚み方向位相差は、それらを含む合計値である。
Rth_LC(B)/Rth_LC(G)≧0.818 (E)
Rth_LC(R)/Rth_LC(G)≦1.181 (F)
本発明を適用した液晶表示装置の第二の実施の形態について、図5~7を参照しながら説明する。図5は、本発明の第二の実施形態の液晶表示装置の構成を示す断面模式図である。図6は、本発明の第二の実施形態の液晶表示装置における偏光状態の変遷を説明するための図であり、ポアンカレ球のS1-S3平面を示す。図7は、本発明の第二の実施形態の液晶表示装置における偏光状態の変遷を説明するための図であり(a)は、波長450nmの場合を示し、(b)は、波長550nmの場合を示し、(c)は、波長650nmの場合を示す。
本発明の第一の実施の形態と同様の液晶表示装置を実際に製造し実施例1とした。各光学パラメータ(位相差とその波長分散)は、実施例2のものとあわせて表1にまとめてある。
本発明の第二の実施の形態と同様の液晶表示装置を実際に製造し実施例2とした。
位相差フィルムの材料を変更し、位相差の波長分散特性を変更したことを除いては、実施例1と同様の液晶表示装置を作成し、比較例1の液晶表示装置とした。各光学パラメータ(位相差とその波長分散)は、他の各比較例のものとあわせて表2にまとめてある。
液晶セルのセル厚を変更し、位相差の波長分散特性を変更したことを除いては、実施例1と同様の液晶表示装置を作成し、比較例2の液晶表示装置とした。
液晶セルのセル厚を変更し、位相差の波長分散特性を変更したことを除いては、実施例2と同様の液晶表示装置を作成し、比較例3の液晶表示装置とした。
図8は、比較例4の液晶表示装置の構成を示す断面模式図である。特許文献6の実施例9を参考に、図8に示すような液晶表示装置を製造し比較例4とした。比較例4の液晶表示装置は、図8に示すように、垂直配向型の液晶セル30と、液晶セル30を挟んで配置された一対の偏光素子34f、34rと、液晶セル30及び第一の偏光素子34rの間に配置されたネガ型Cプレート35rと、液晶セル30及び第二の偏光素子34fの間に配置されたポジ型Aプレート36fとにより構成されている。また、偏光フィルム34rの液晶セル20と面しない反対の面側には、光源としてバックライトユニット(図示せず)が配置されている。第一の偏光素子34rと第二の偏光素子34fとは吸収軸が互いに略直交となるように配置し、ポジ型Aプレート36fはその遅相軸が第二の偏光素子34fの吸収軸と略直交するように配置した。また、カラーフィルタ層の厚さ(液晶セル厚)は各色で同じとしてある。
(面内位相差R0及び厚み方向位相差Rthの測定方法)
デュアルリターダー・ローテート方式のポラリメータ(商品名:AxoScan、Axometrics社製)を用いて測定した。R0は位相差フィルムの法線方向から実測した。Rthは位相差フィルムや液晶セルの法線方向から位相差を測定するとともに、法線方向からΘ(Θ=0°~50°)傾斜した斜め方向から位相差を測定し、公知の屈折率楕円体式のカーブフィッティングにより算出した。傾斜方位は面内遅相軸と直交する方位とした。
視野角測定装置(商品名:Ez-Contrast160、ELDIM社製)を用いて測定した。光源には市販の液晶テレビ(シャープ社製、LC-42GX3W)搭載のバックライトを用いた。方位角45°極角60°の斜め方向における白表示及び黒表示の輝度を測定し、その比をCR(45、60)とした。
視野角測定装置(商品名:Ez-Contrast160、ELDIM社製)を用いて測定した。光源には市販の液晶テレビ(シャープ社製、LC-42GX3W)搭載のバックライトを用いた。正面方向(極角0°)における黒表示のu’v’色度点と、方位角45°極角60°の斜め方向における黒表示のu’v’色度点とを測定し、その2点間の距離をΔE(45、60)とした。
各実施例及び比較例の光学パラメータ(位相差とその波長分散)と、コントラスト視野角、色度視野角の測定結果を表1及び2に示す。表1及び2に示した評価結果から、本発明の実施例1、2の液晶表示装置は、従来技術による比較例1~3の液晶表示装置と比べて、CR(45、60)は同等以上で、ΔE(45、60)は小さく、表示性能が優れることがわかった。また、従来技術による比較例4の液晶表示装置と比べて逆波長分散位相差フィルムの必要位相差が小さいにも関わらず、同等の表示性能を有することがわかった。すなわち、本発明により、製造が難しい逆波長分散位相差フィルムの必要位相差を小さく抑えつつ、広い視角範囲において着色がなく、コントラスト比が高い高品位な液晶表示装置の提供が可能であることが実証された。
11r、21r、31r:第一の透明基板
11f、21f、31f:第二の透明基板
12B、22B、32B:青色のカラーフィルタ層
12G、22G、32G:緑色のカラーフィルタ層
12R、22R、32R:赤色のカラーフィルタ層
13、23、33:液晶層
14r、24r、34r:第一の偏光素子
14f、24f、34f:第二の偏光素子
15r、25r:第一の2軸性位相差フィルム
15f:第二の2軸性位相差フィルム
26f:TACフィルム
35r:ネガ型Cプレート
35f:ポジ型Aプレート
Claims (2)
- 第一の偏光素子と、液晶セルと、表示面を平面視したときに該第一の偏光素子と吸収軸方位が直交する第二の偏光素子とをこの順に有するとともに、該第一の偏光素子及び該液晶セルの間と、該第二の偏光素子及び該液晶セルの間との少なくとも一方の間に位相差フィルムを有する液晶表示装置であって、
該位相差フィルムは、表示面を平面視したときに面内遅相軸が該液晶セルに対して同じ側にある偏光素子の吸収軸と直交し、かつ、下記式(1)~(4)を満たす逆波長分散型の2軸性位相差フィルムであり、
該液晶セルは、一対の透明基板間に、液晶層と、青色、緑色及び赤色の三色をそれぞれ分離する少なくとも青色、緑色及び赤色のカラーフィルタ層とを有し、かつ、下記式(5)及び(6)を満たす垂直配向型の液晶セルであることを特徴とする液晶表示装置。
R0(B)/R0(G)≦0.965 (1)
Rth(B)/Rth(G)≦0.965 (2)
R0(R)/R0(G)≧1.015 (3)
Rth(R)/Rth(G)≧1.015 (4)
Rth_LC(B)/Rth_LC(G)≦1.000 (5)
Rth_LC(R)/Rth_LC(G)≧1.000 (6)
式(1)~(4)中、R0(B)、R0(G)及びR0(R)はそれぞれ、波長450nm、波長550nm及び波長650nmにおける該位相差フィルムの面内位相差であり、
Rth(B)、Rth(G)及びRth(R)はそれぞれ、波長450nm、波長550nm及び波長650nmにおける該位相差フィルムの厚み方向位相差であり、
式(5)及び(6)中、Rth_LC(B)、Rth_LC(G)及びRth_LC(R)はそれぞれ、波長450nm、波長550nm及び波長650nmにおける該液晶セルの厚み方向位相差である。 - 前記液晶表示装置は、前記青色、緑色及び赤色のカラーフィルタ層が設けられた領域に対応する前記液晶層の厚みをそれぞれd(R)、d(G)及びd(B)とするとき、d(R)、d(G)及びd(B)のうちの少なくとも一つが他と異なることを特徴とする請求項1記載の液晶表示装置。
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CN2008801279823A CN101971084B (zh) | 2008-03-13 | 2008-11-19 | 液晶显示装置 |
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