WO2009104811A1 - 超音波計測装置及び超音波計測方法 - Google Patents
超音波計測装置及び超音波計測方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009104811A1 WO2009104811A1 PCT/JP2009/053480 JP2009053480W WO2009104811A1 WO 2009104811 A1 WO2009104811 A1 WO 2009104811A1 JP 2009053480 W JP2009053480 W JP 2009053480W WO 2009104811 A1 WO2009104811 A1 WO 2009104811A1
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- ultrasonic
- propagation time
- defect
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- aperture synthesis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0654—Imaging
- G01N29/069—Defect imaging, localisation and sizing using, e.g. time of flight diffraction [TOFD], synthetic aperture focusing technique [SAFT], Amplituden-Laufzeit-Ortskurven [ALOK] technique
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/221—Arrangements for directing or focusing the acoustical waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/044—Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/10—Number of transducers
- G01N2291/102—Number of transducers one emitter, one receiver
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ultrasonic measurement apparatus and an ultrasonic measurement method, and in particular, an ultrasonic flaw detection method which is a kind of nondestructive inspection method, and covers various shapes such as plates, pipes, and cylinders made of metal, resin, and the like.
- the present invention relates to measurement of internal defects existing in a specimen. Background art
- the ultrasonic flaw detection method which is a kind of non-destructive detection method, has been widely used for flaw detection of steel and other internal defects.
- this internal defect inspection in order to obtain more detailed information on internal defects, it is required to increase the resolution of ultrasound images.
- the following conventional methods are required. There is technology.
- Non-Patent Document 1 There is a C-scan ultrasonic flaw detection method (see Non-Patent Document 1, for example) that scans a subject with an ultrasonic transmitter / receiver that transmits and receives a focused beam. This flaw detection is used to detect internal defects that require high resolution. The law is heavily used.
- an aperture synthesis method as a technique aiming at high-resolution imaging (see, for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).
- the principle of the aperture synthesis method will be described by taking as an example a case where defect imaging is performed by bringing the transducer array 120 shown in FIG. 30 into contact with the surface of the subject 110.
- Defect echo is detected by transmitting ultrasonic waves from each transducer in the transducer array 1 2 0 and detecting the defect echo from the time from transmission of ultrasonic to echo reception. Measure the path.
- the waveform obtained by setting the focal point at a certain position and performing the aperture synthesis in (2) above using the signal of each transducer is used as the focused type ultrasonic probe. If it is considered to be equivalent to the waveform obtained by flaw detection using the focused beam of the rope, it can be combined with the aperture synthesis method using an array type ultrasonic probe.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-8-6 2 1 9 1
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-65808
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-150875
- Non-Patent Document 1 Edited by Japan Association for Nondestructive Inspection, “Ultrasonic Flaw Test II”, Japan Society for Nondestructive Inspection (2000), p. 1 5 1 to 1 5 2
- the flaw detection methods (1) to (3) have the following problems.
- the resolution of flaw detection using a focused beam can be expressed by the beam diameter d w at the focal point.
- the beam diameter dw can be approximated by the equation (1) using the focal length F of the ultrasonic beam, the wavelength, and the diameter D of the transducer (ultrasonic transducer).
- the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver in order to detect the defect echo over a wide range, the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver needs a wide directivity angle, and the ultrasonic beam is narrowed down. Concentrated on a measurement and has been regarded as a technology incompatible with the C-scan flaw detection method
- This method also has a problem that the resolution is not improved when a highly focused ultrasonic beam is used. Specifically, a focused ultrasonic probe with a large ultrasonic transducer or an array type ultrasonic probe with a large area of the ultrasonic transducer array array used for aperture synthesis processing, as well as the focal length and subject There is a problem when the contact medium equivalent distance from the probe is not long enough for the size of the ultrasonic probe.
- the present invention is a method for measuring internal defects in flaw detection using a focused ultrasonic probe having a large ultrasonic transducer and a short focal length, and an aperture synthesis having a large area of an ultrasonic transducer array array used for aperture synthesis processing and a short focal length.
- the purpose is to improve the resolution.
- the present invention provides an ultrasonic measuring apparatus comprising: an ultrasonic wave directed toward the subject while scanning the focal point formed by the ultrasonic probe relative to the subject. Transmitting and receiving means for receiving a reflected wave from an internal defect of the subject;
- the waveform of the ultrasonic wave propagating between the ultrasonic probe and the internal defect is received at each measurement position using the reference propagation time obtained by treating it as the ultrasonic waveform synthesized on the entire transmission / reception surface.
- the ultrasonic measurement apparatus according to the present invention is preferably as follows.
- Propagation time measuring means for measuring the propagation time to the internal defect based on the reflected wave at each measurement position
- the aperture synthesis processing means extracts an equal propagation time plane formed by connecting positions inside the subject where the reference propagation times are equal, corresponding to the propagation time measured by the propagation time measurement means, and so on.
- the position on the propagation time plane is defined as the defect position.
- the ultrasonic measurement apparatus according to the present invention calculates the number of times extracted during the scanning for each defect detection position obtained by the aperture synthesis processing unit, and lacks the calculated number of times. It is preferable to have display means for performing display in correspondence with the candidate positions.
- the aperture synthesis processing unit delays the reflected wave received by the transmission / reception unit by a delay time calculated based on the reference propagation time, and then adds the delayed wave.
- a signal is generated.
- the ultrasonic measurement apparatus preferably includes display means for displaying the signal data generated by the aperture synthesis processing means.
- the reference propagation time is calculated as follows:
- a waveform of an ultrasonic wave transmitted and received between each of the divided areas and an internal defect is obtained, and a reference propagation time is calculated from a waveform obtained by synthesizing the waveform over the entire surface of the ultrasonic probe.
- the reference propagation time is calculated as follows:
- the reference propagation time is further obtained by receiving the reflected wave from the internal defect of the subject.
- the ultrasonic probe is a focused ultrasonic probe.
- the ultrasonic probe is an array type ultrasonic probe in which a plurality of vibrators are arranged. Furthermore, the ultrasonic measurement apparatus according to the present invention preferably includes signal processing means for forming a focal point of the signal of each transducer by aperture synthesis processing and using the signal received at each measurement point.
- the ultrasonic measurement apparatus preferably includes defect determination means for performing defect determination using a signal subjected to the aperture synthesis processing by the aperture synthesis processing means.
- the ultrasonic measurement method includes:
- Waveforms of ultrasonic waves propagating between the ultrasonic probe and internal defects are An aperture synthesis processing step for performing aperture synthesis processing of the signal received at each measurement point using the reference propagation time obtained by treating it as an ultrasonic waveform synthesized on the surface;
- the present invention transmits an ultrasonic wave toward the subject while scanning a focal point formed by an ultrasonic probe relative to the subject, and receives a reflected wave from an internal defect of the subject.
- An aperture synthesis processing means for performing aperture synthesis processing of the signal received at each measurement point is provided, so that the measurement resolution of internal defects can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an internal defect imaging apparatus using ultrasonic waves according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the equal propagation time plane of the present invention.
- Fig. 3 is a flowchart showing a processing method for obtaining the ultrasonic propagation time by ultrasonic propagation analysis.
- 4A to 4C are explanatory diagrams showing the procedure of the method for obtaining the propagation time.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a processing method for preparing an equal propagation time plane.
- Fig. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the amount of change in propagation time and the equal propagation time plane.
- Figure 7 shows an example of data for the equal propagation time.
- Figure 8 is a flowchart showing the process of synthesizing defect images.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of the water propagation time and the inspected object propagation time.
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of a method of drawing an equal propagation time plane at different propagation times using one equal propagation time plane.
- Figure 11 is an explanatory diagram of the visualization process.
- FIG. 12 to FIG. 12C are diagrams showing the effect of the embodiment of the present invention in comparison with the result of the conventional method.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of aperture synthesis in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a configuration diagram of an internal defect imaging apparatus using ultrasonic waves according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram of the equal propagation time plane of the present invention.
- Figure 16 is a flow chart showing the processing method for obtaining the ultrasonic propagation time by ultrasonic propagation analysis.
- Figure 17 is a flow chart showing the processing method for acquiring the ultrasonic waveform at the defect location.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing a processing method for receiving an array type ultrasonic probe and performing an aperture synthesis process to obtain an output waveform.
- FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram showing the procedure of the method for obtaining the propagation time.
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing a processing method when preparing an equal propagation time plane.
- FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the amount of change in propagation time and the equal propagation time plane.
- Figure 22 shows an example of data on the equal propagation time plane.
- Fig. 23 is a flowchart showing the process for synthesizing the defect image.
- Fig. 24 is an explanatory diagram of water propagation time and inspected object propagation time.
- Fig. 25 is an explanatory diagram of a method for drawing the equal propagation time plane at different propagation times using one equal propagation time plane.
- Fig. 26 is an explanatory diagram of the visualization process.
- FIG. 27A to FIG. 27C are diagrams showing the effect of the embodiment of the present invention in comparison with the result of the conventional method.
- FIG. 28 is an explanatory diagram of a method for performing waveform recombination by configuring a delay time from a profile of the propagation time change amount in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 29 shows a line-focusing linear array type ultrasonic probe.
- FIG. 30 is an explanatory diagram of the principle of a conventional aperture synthesis method.
- FIG. 31 is an explanatory diagram of a defect image synthesis method in the prior art (Patent Document 3).
- Figure 32 is an explanatory diagram showing the path of the ultrasonic probe and microelements in the prior art.
- an ultrasonic transducer with a large measuring ultrasonic transducer and a focused ultrasonic probe or an ultrasonic transducer used for aperture synthesis processing an array ultrasonic probe with a large area in the transducer array row, the focal length, the distance to the subject, the ultrasonic probe If the contact medium equivalent distance from is not long enough for the size of the transducer area that transmits and receives the ultrasonic probe,
- the contact medium conversion distance L is expressed by the following formula.
- the distance is expressed in terms of the distance in the medium in contact with the probe transducer, and the conversion is performed geometrically in consideration of refraction. In effect, it is equivalent to the focal length.
- L L1 + L2x (C2 / C1) + L3x (C3 / C1) +
- the present invention pays attention to the fact that the ultrasonic probe transmits and receives ultrasonic waves over the entire surface of the ultrasonic probe, and from the internal defect by the position of the ultrasonic probe and the position of the internal defect. Analyzing in advance how the propagation time of the reflected wave changes, and performing signal processing using the analysis results, aperture synthesis for large-aperture, short-focus ultrasound probes This is based on the knowledge that these can be combined. Specific examples will be described as Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, respectively. Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an ultrasonic imaging apparatus, which is an example of an ultrasonic measurement apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- 1 indicates a subject to be examined.
- subject 1 is a stationary subject, water is used as the medium, and internal defects are imaged using the immersion method.
- a focused ultrasonic probe (hereinafter also simply referred to as an ultrasonic probe) that transmits and receives a focused beam, and transmits the ultrasonic focused beam toward the subject 1 by means of an electrical pulse from the transmitter circuit 1 1 at a fixed period.
- a reflected wave (echo) from the surface and inside of the subject 1 is received.
- the received signal is amplified to an appropriate level convenient for later signal processing by the receiving amplifier 12.
- the transmission circuit 11 and the reception amplifier 12 correspond to the transmission / reception means of the present invention.
- the ultrasonic probe 10 is two-dimensionally scanned (x _ y scan) on the subject 1 by an appropriate scanning means. The positions are detected by the x-direction position detection means 2 1 and the y-direction position detection means 2 2, respectively, and sent to the reflected waveform data section 13.
- the ultrasonic probe 10 that transmits and receives a focused beam may be configured to form a focused beam with a single ultrasonic transducer having a curved transmission and reception surface, or a plurality of ultrasonic transducers may have a curvature. The arrangement may be such that a focused beam is formed.
- the reflected waveform data section 13 detects reflected waveform data corresponding to each position P i> based on the outputs of the receiving amplifier 12, the X direction position detecting means 21, and the y direction position detecting means 22.
- the output is sent to the defect image composition processing unit 14.
- the missing image synthesis processing unit 14 corresponds to the aperture synthesis means of the present invention, and measures the propagation time of ultrasonic waves.
- the difference in timing until the transmitted pulse and the reflected surface echo 51 on the surface of the subject are received, that is, the water propagation time, and the difference in reception timing between the surface echo 51 and the defect echo 52, i.e., the ultrasonic wave Measure the specimen propagation time.
- the water propagation time may be considered constant, so the water propagation time is measured once (or even if it is determined from the arrangement relationship). Then, only the subject propagation time, which is the difference in reception timing between the surface echo 51 and the defect echo 52, needs to be measured.
- Each measured propagation time (hereinafter referred to as measurement propagation time) is recorded in association with the center position of the ultrasound probe 10 (i: position in the X direction, j: position in the y direction). Is done.
- the equal propagation time plane data section 15 is composed of a storage device, and stores the data of the equal propagation time plane obtained in advance by, for example, ultrasonic wave analysis. As shown in FIG.
- the uniform propagation time plane is a plane formed by connecting points where the round trip propagation time from the probe surface to the minute defect at that point becomes equal. This equal propagation time plane varies depending on the distance of the ultrasonic probe 10 to the subject surface and the depth of the defect from the subject surface. Prepare the data.
- an equal propagation time plane is created by ultrasonic propagation analysis prior to defect image synthesis processing.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the creation of the equal propagation time plane may be performed during the defect image synthesis.
- Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method for obtaining an ultrasonic propagation time (hereinafter referred to as a reference propagation time) by ultrasonic propagation analysis
- Fig. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a procedure of a method for obtaining a reference propagation time. .
- a reference propagation time an ultrasonic propagation time
- the probe and the path are represented in two dimensions, but in the first embodiment, the analysis is performed assuming that the probe and the path are in a three-dimensional space.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the processing may be performed in two dimensions.
- FIG. 3 A path from each region on the surface of the ultrasonic probe to a preset minute defect (corresponding to the set internal defect of the present invention) is obtained.
- the upper part of Fig. 4 shows the routes for the four areas A–D.
- the path is obtained assuming that transmission / reception is performed at a point at the center of the minute element.
- a to D show a part of the microelements for explanation.
- (S 5) As shown in the middle of Fig. 4, perform the calculation of (S 4) above for all the microelements (in the figure, A to D in order), and obtain the waveform obtained sequentially. Add together.
- the propagation time is obtained from the difference between the emission time from the probe and the arrival time.
- methods for reading the B time include obtaining a rise time by setting a threshold, obtaining a fall time by obtaining a threshold in the same manner, and obtaining a time at which the waveform has a peak value. Select an appropriate method from these.
- Figure 5 is a flowchart showing the method. This procedure is shown below.
- step 4 the amount of movement of the subject and the center axis of the probe at one time (moving pitch) should be less than or equal to the spatial resolution required for measurement, for example, and signals from internal defects can be obtained. What is necessary is just to move a probe to the range.
- the data on the equal propagation time plane is obtained by adjusting the depth of the minute defect so as to cancel the increase and decrease of the reference propagation time as a result.
- the reference propagation time and the equal propagation time plane are obtained as the difference from the value when the deviation from the probe center axis is zero.
- the above procedure for calculating the equal propagation time plane is an example, and the present invention is not limited to this.
- the internal defect depth is also used as a variable, and the reference propagation time is obtained at a plurality of internal defect depths. It may be a propagation time plane. Also, it may be obtained by calculation or by experiment.
- the creation method of the equal propagation time plane in the present invention is not limited to the creation method of the equal propagation time plane using the ultrasonic wave propagation analysis described above, and other analysis methods may be used or obtained by experiment. Also good.
- FIG. 7 is an example of the data of the equal propagation time plane obtained as described above. This is stored in the uniform propagation time plane data section 15 of FIG. 1, and the defect image synthesis processing section 14 stores the defect image. Used when synthesizing.
- the reference propagation time compared to the propagation time measured at the time of measurement is the propagation time corresponding to the column where the deviation from the probe center is zero.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the processing when the defect image is synthesized in the ultrasonic imaging apparatus of FIG.
- Defect image synthesis processing unit 14 detects water propagation time and subject propagation time from the reflected waveform at P with the largest defect echo in the reflected waveform data, as shown in Fig. 9. The water distance and the object distance (defect depth) are obtained from the measured propagation time.
- the defect image synthesis processing unit 14 is configured to store the water distance and subject distance in the data of the equal propagation time plane stored in the equal propagation time plane data section 15 (see Fig. 7). Select the water distance obtained in (S 3 2) above.
- the subsequent processing is performed using only one uniform propagation time plane shape data selected here.
- FIG. 10 shows a method of drawing (determining) the equal propagation time plane at different reference propagation times using one equal propagation time plane data, and the equal propagation time of reference propagation time T 2 When the reference propagation time differs for surface data
- the defect image composition processing unit 14 performs an imaging process using the data on the equal propagation time plane selected in (S 33) above.
- the imaging processing method in the first embodiment is shown in FIG. Here, in FIG. 11, it is described in two dimensions for simplicity, but in the first embodiment, processing is performed in three dimensions. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the processing may be performed in two dimensions.
- the procedure of the visualization processing method in Embodiment 1 is shown below. It is assumed that the defect image composition processing unit 14 has an image memory corresponding to the configuration shown in FIG.
- Propagation time (hereinafter also referred to as measurement propagation time) is detected as shown in Fig. 11 for the probe center position P i, j where a defective echo has been detected in each position P.
- microvolume elements The area in the subject 1 where defects can exist is divided into microvolume elements, and each microvolume element has a three-dimensional address P, (k: position in the X direction, 1: position in the y direction, m: Position in the Z direction).
- An equal propagation time plane (see Fig. 10) is formed from the center of the equal propagation time plane set in (c) above, and for each microelement P corresponding to the position of the equal propagation time plane, Add a count of 1 to the force counter Ck, ⁇ set in P fw ⁇ .
- each (k, 1, m (k, 1)) A polygon is constructed by connecting adjacent centers of corresponding minute elements with a line.
- the imaging method is not limited to the 3D polygon display method as described above, but may be another 3D display method or a 2D display method.
- FIG. 12 (b) shows an example in which C-scan flaw detection is performed, and the defect image composition method is used to visualize the image and display it on the defect image display device 16.
- FIG. 12 (c) is a diagram showing a three-dimensional display by the method of the defect image synthesis method (S35) after performing the imaging process by the method described in Patent Document 3 above.
- the underwater focal length and the contact medium equivalent distance L are about 2.5 of the transducer area (oscillator diameter).
- the image of the artificial hole is flattened in the z direction, whereas in Figure 12 (b), the curved surface of the artificial hole is reproduced, and the shape resolution is improved. I understand that.
- the defect determination device 17 has the defect image composition. Defect determination is performed based on the above signal subjected to opening processing by the processing unit 14. If only defect determination is required, the defect image display device 16 for visualizing and displaying the synthesis result is not necessarily required. A configuration may be adopted in which 7 is input and only the determination result is output. Conversely, if automatic defect determination is not performed, the defect determination device 17 may be omitted.
- the position of the defect candidate is extracted using the reflection waveform data section 1 3 (propagation time measurement means) that measures the propagation time to the internal defect based on the above and the equal propagation time plane data corresponding to the measured propagation time
- Defect image synthesis processing unit 14 defect position extracting means
- Defect image display device for writing and displaying images 1 6
- An ultrasonic imaging apparatus for internal defects comprising a display means, and a defect image synthesis processing unit 14 (defect position extraction).
- the equal propagation time plane data includes the propagation time of the ultrasonic wave propagating between the focused ultrasonic probe 10 and the set internal defect on the transmission / reception surface of the focused ultrasonic probe 10.
- the entire surface is divided into a plurality of regions, and waveforms of ultrasonic waves transmitted and received between the divided regions and the set internal defects are obtained, and the waveforms are synthesized on the entire surface of the focused ultrasonic probe 10.
- the second embodiment is an example in which the defect image composition processing unit 14 in FIG. 1 performs a process different from the above arithmetic process.
- the defect image composition processing unit 14 according to the second embodiment uses delay time data instead of the above equal propagation time plane data. Therefore, a storage device (not shown) for storing delay time data is provided in place of the equal propagation time plane data portion 15.
- This delay time data (delay time group) is obtained from the propagation time variation data (data before the conversion in Fig. 6). As shown in the conceptual diagram of Fig. 13, the propagation time data The longer the variation data, the smaller the delay time, and the shorter the variation data, the larger the delay time. In the same way as the equi-propagation time plane data, it is obtained for each value of water distance and defect depth and stored in the storage device.
- the defect image synthesis processing unit 14 differs in the specific contents of the equal propagation time plane selection process (S 3 3) and the data visualization process (S 3 4). The other processing is the same.
- the equal propagation time plane selection process (S 3 3) is a delay time data selection process. Specifically, the delay time data (delay time group) corresponding to the water distance and defect depth of the received waveform measured with the ultrasonic probe is selected.
- the aperture synthesis process is performed as shown in Fig. 13 using the delay time data selected in the delay time data selection process.
- a predetermined number of adjacent probe positions (10 points in the example of Fig. 29) were selected from the many points scanned by the probe, and the selected reflection waveform data was measured at those 10 points.
- waveform processing is delayed at each probe position. To do. In the case shown in Fig. 13, the delay time is reduced for the signal on the outer probe and the delay time is increased for the inner probe. As a result, if there is a defect under the probe located at the center of the predetermined number of probes, the defect signal is emphasized and the presence of the defect can be detected by aligning the defect waveform.
- An aperture composite waveform is obtained by selecting and repeating a predetermined number of data in order while moving the selection range for data obtained by measuring such a process at a number of points. Then, when selecting the delay time data (delay time group), the delay time data (delay time group) corresponding to a plurality of depths are respectively selected, and the above arithmetic processing is repeated. Then, the obtained waveform is displayed by an appropriate method (A scope, B scope, C scope, three-dimensional display).
- This Embodiment 2 is also visualized by the defect image synthesis method and displayed on the defect image display device 16.
- the defect determination device 17 performs defect determination based on the above-mentioned signal subjected to the aperture processing by the defect image synthesis processing unit 14.
- the defect image display device 16 for visualizing and displaying the synthesis result is not necessarily required.
- the defect determination device 17 inputs the synthesis result from the defect image synthesis processing unit 14. However, it may be configured to output only the determination result. Conversely, if automatic defect determination is not performed, the defect determination device 17 may be omitted.
- a transmission circuit 1 1 for transmitting an ultrasonic wave toward the subject 1 and receiving a reflected wave from an internal defect of the subject 1, and delaying the received reflected wave
- the defect image composition processing unit 14 for generating a signal by adding the signals
- the defect image composition processing unit 14 for outputting the generated signal data to an image memory for display.
- an ultrasonic imaging apparatus for detecting an internal defect between the focused ultrasonic probe 10 and the set internal defect in the defect image synthesis processing unit 14 (signal generation means).
- the propagation time of the focusing ultrasonic probe 10 Divided, the A waveform of an ultrasonic wave transmitted / received between each divided region and a set internal defect is obtained, and the waveform is calculated from a signal waveform synthesized over the entire surface of the focused ultrasonic probe 10.
- the amount of change in the propagation time with respect to the relative position between the ultrasonic probe 10 and the set internal defect is obtained, the delay time is obtained from the amount of change in the propagation time, the reflected wave is delayed by the delay time, and the video signal of the internal defect is obtained.
- the signal of each transducer of the array-type ultrasound probe are formed as a received signal at each measurement point by forming a focal point by aperture synthesis processing.
- the received signal at each measurement point is further subjected to aperture synthesis processing.
- the array ultrasonic probe is synthesized by aperture synthesis or aggregation.
- Embodiment 3 By analyzing in advance how the propagation time of the reflected wave from the internal defect changes depending on the position of the focal point formed by the internal defect and the position of the internal defect, by performing signal processing using the analysis result, This is based on the knowledge that it is possible to improve the flaw detection resolution using a probe and aperture synthesis setting with a large area of the entire array of ultrasonic transducer arrays and a short focal length. Specific examples will be described as Embodiment 3 and Embodiment 4, respectively. Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an ultrasonic imaging apparatus which is an example of an ultrasonic measurement apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- 1 indicates a subject to be examined.
- subject 1 is a stationary subject, water is used as the medium, and internal defects are imaged using the immersion method.
- 10 is an array-type ultrasonic probe that transmits and receives ultrasonic waves.
- An electric pulse with a fixed period from the transmission circuit 1 1 1 passes through the drive element selection circuit 1 1 2 according to the electric signal transmitted to each transducer.
- An ultrasonic beam is transmitted to the subject 1 and a reflected wave (echo) from the surface and inside of the subject 1 is received.
- a reflected wave reflected wave
- the received signal is subjected to aperture synthesis processing by the receiving circuit 1 1 3 and the array signal processing circuit 1 1 4. Also, it is amplified to an appropriate level convenient for later signal processing.
- the array type ultrasonic probe 10 0 a is scanned two-dimensionally (X-y scan) or one-dimensional scan (y-scan) on the subject 1 by an appropriate scanning means, and the position is X-direction position detection means. 2 Detected by 1 and y direction position detection means 2 2 and sent to output waveform data section 1 1 5 respectively.
- the output waveform data section 1 1 5 is based on the outputs of the array signal processing circuit 1 1 4, the X-direction position detection means 2 1, and the y-direction position detection means 2 2.
- Output waveform data corresponding to the focal point P i, j (i: position in the x direction, :: position in the y direction) formed by the synthesis (corresponding to the output waveform data of the focused ultrasound probe in the first and second embodiments) Detected and the output is sent to the defect image synthesis processing unit 1 1 6.
- the defect image synthesis processing unit 1 1 6 measures the difference between the transmission time and the reception time of the defect echo 52, that is, the propagation time of the ultrasonic wave.
- the propagation time measured here is the difference between the transmission time and the reception time of the reflected surface echo 51 on the subject surface, that is, the water propagation time and the reception timing of the surface echo 51 and the defect echo 52. Difference, that is, ultrasonic wave object propagation time. If the surface of the subject and the scanning surface of the array-type ultrasonic probe 10 a are almost parallel, the water propagation time may be considered constant, so the water propagation time is measured once (or from the arrangement relationship). Then, only the subject propagation time, which is the difference in reception timing between the surface echo 51 and the defect echo 52, needs to be measured. Each measured propagation time (hereinafter also referred to as measured propagation time) is recorded in association with each position P i, j.
- the equal propagation time plane data part 1 17 is a storage device, and stores the data of the equal propagation time plane obtained in advance, for example, by ultrasonic propagation analysis.
- This uniform propagation time plane is a plane formed by connecting points that are obtained by aperture synthesis and have the same round-trip propagation time to the minute defect at that point, as shown in Fig. 15. is there. Since this equal propagation time plane changes depending on the depth of the defect with respect to the focal point of the array-type ultrasonic probe 10a, a plurality of uniform propagation time plane data for each defect depth is prepared.
- the output waveform data section 1 15, the defect image composition processing section 1 1 6, and the equal propagation time plane data section 1 17 constitute the defect image reconstruction signal processing section 2 200.
- the array signal processing circuit 1 1 4 and the defect image synthesis processing unit 1 1 6 have the same function in that both perform aperture synthesis processing. However, the array signal processing circuit 1 1 4 has an array at each measurement point. Aperture synthesis processing is performed on the signal received by each transducer of the ultrasonic probe, thereby obtaining the signal received by the focused beam at each measurement point.
- the signal processing means according to claim 9 (a signal processing means for forming a focal point by the aperture synthesis process for the signal of each transducer and using the signal received at each measurement point).
- the defect image synthesis processing unit 1 16 performs aperture synthesis processing on the signals subjected to the aperture synthesis processing by the array signal processing circuit 1 14 at each measurement point to synthesize a defect image.
- the equal propagation time plane data of the present invention is essential, but in the array signal processing circuit 1 1 4, since the vibrator is small, the equal propagation time plane data of the present invention is used. Even if it is not used, the synthetic aperture processing of the conventional method (the reflection source exists at the same distance from the center of the transducer) may be used.
- the array type ultrasonic probe 10 a has been described as performing all the transducers included in the transmission / reception area range. However, if not all, the gap is set at one or two intervals. It is also possible to select a transducer for transmission and reception and perform transmission and reception using it.
- an equal propagation time plane is created by ultrasonic propagation analysis prior to defect image synthesis processing. The present invention is not limited to this, and the creation of the equal propagation time plane may be performed during the defect image synthesis.
- the creation of an equal propagation time plane as shown in Fig. 15 can be performed by calculating the propagation time W (referred to as the reference propagation time) by ultrasonic propagation analysis. This will be described with reference to the flowcharts of FIGS. 16, 17, and 18 and the explanatory diagrams of FIGS. 19.
- Fig. 16 is a flowchart of the overall method for obtaining the reference propagation time by ultrasonic propagation analysis.
- Fig. 17 shows the details of processing S 4 3 (acquisition of ultrasonic waveform at the defect position) in Fig. 16.
- Fig. 18 is a flowchart showing details of processing S 4 4 (acquisition of ultrasonic waveform received by array probe and aperture synthesis processing) in Fig. 16;
- Fig. 19 is a reference. It is explanatory drawing which showed the procedure of the method of obtaining propagation time.
- Fig. 19 shows the two-dimensional analysis of the linear array probe.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the shape of the array probe may not be linear, and the analysis may be performed in three dimensions.
- the arrival time is read from the output waveform obtained in (S 44) above.
- the method of reading the time includes setting the threshold value to acquire the rising time, setting the threshold value to acquire the falling time, and acquiring the time when the waveform reaches the peak value, but is not particularly limited. An appropriate method is appropriately used in accordance with the obtained waveform.
- the reference propagation time is obtained from the difference between the emission time from the probe and the arrival time.
- methods for reading the time include obtaining a rise time by setting a threshold value, obtaining a fall time by obtaining a threshold value in the same manner, and obtaining a time when the waveform has a peak value. Choose an appropriate method.
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing the method. This procedure is shown below.
- the data of the equi-propagation time is referenced as a result as shown in Figure 21. It can be obtained by adjusting the depth of the micro defect so as to cancel the increase and decrease of the propagation time.
- the reference propagation time and the equal propagation time plane are obtained as the difference from the value when the deviation from the aperture synthetic focal axis is zero. Note that the above procedure for calculating the equal propagation time plane is an example, and the present invention is not limited to this.
- the internal defect depth is also used as a variable, and the reference propagation time is obtained at a plurality of internal defect depths. It may be a surface.
- an equal propagation listening surface can be prepared for all water distances, object distances and aperture synthetic focal depths that may be required.
- the method of creating the equal propagation time plane in the present invention is not limited to the above method, and data based on actual measurement or ultrasonic propagation simulation may be used.
- the calculation method of the reference propagation time is not limited to the method shown in Fig. 16, Fig. 17, Fig. 18 and Fig. 19.
- the transducer is further divided into a plurality of microregions, and processing is performed by adding the signals of each microregion in units of each transducer. Just do it.
- transducers are arranged only in the one-dimensional direction
- it can also be applied to an array type probe arranged in two dimensions.
- Fig. 2 2 shows an example of the isopropagation time plane data obtained as described above. This is stored in the isopropagation time plane data section 1 1 7 of Fig. 1 4 and the defect image synthesis processing section 1 It is used when synthesizing defect images in 1-6.
- the reference propagation time compared with the measured propagation time is the propagation time corresponding to the column where the deviation from the aperture synthetic focus is zero.
- Fig. 23 is a flowchart showing the processing for synthesizing a defect image in the ultrasonic imaging apparatus of Fig. 14.
- the array signal processing circuit 1 1 4 or the defect image composition processing unit 1 1 6 calculates the reflection waveform from P i, j with the largest defect echo in the output waveform data from Fig. 2. As shown in Fig. 4, the water propagation time and the subject propagation time are detected, and the water distance and subject distance (defect depth) are obtained from these propagation times.
- the defect image synthesis processing unit 1 1 6 is the water distance in the data of the uniform propagation time plane stored in the uniform propagation time plane data section 1 1 7 (see Fig. 2 2).
- ⁇ Subject distance and aperture The setting value of the synthetic focal depth is the water distance obtained in (S 6 2) above ⁇ Subject distance and the synthetic aperture depth close to the synthetic focal depth are selected.
- the subsequent processing is performed using only one uniform propagation time plane shape selected here.
- Fig. 25 shows the method of drawing (determining) the equal propagation time plane at different reference propagation times using one equal propagation time plane.
- the equal propagation time plane of reference propagation time T 2 On the other hand, even when the reference propagation time is different (T l, ⁇ 3), if the difference in propagation time is not large, just change the depth position, and the equal propagation time surface of reference propagation time ⁇ 2 It is possible to use an equal propagation time plane with the same shape as in this case (in this case, it is sufficient to have data for one equal propagation time plane). If the depth range where the internal defect to be detected exists is wide and the equal propagation time plane cannot be handled as the same shape, refer to the reference propagation time corresponding to the measured propagation time and The time plane data may be used.
- the defect image composition processing unit 1 16 performs imaging processing using the data on the equal propagation time plane selected in (S 6 3) above.
- the imaging processing method in Embodiment 3 is shown in FIG. Here, in FIG. 26, it is described in two dimensions for simplicity, but in the third embodiment, processing is performed in three dimensions. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the processing may be performed in two dimensions.
- the procedure of the visualization processing method in Embodiment 1 is shown below.
- the propagation time (hereinafter also referred to as measurement propagation time) is detected as shown in Fig. 24.
- the measurement propagation time may be detected by the array signal processing circuit 1 14 in FIG. 14 or by the defect image synthesis processing unit 1 16. In this embodiment, the detection is performed by the array signal processing circuit 1 14.
- microvolume elements The area in the subject 1 where defects can exist is divided into microvolume elements.
- Each microvolume element has a three-dimensional address P fk, l, m (k: position in the x direction, 1: y Direction position, m:
- An equal propagation time plane (see Fig. 25) is formed from the center of the equal propagation time plane set in (c) above, and each small region P fk, l, For m, add count 1 to the count ⁇ 1, 111 set in P fk, 1,111.
- the visualization method is not limited to the 3D polygon display method as described above. Other 3D display methods and 2D display methods may be used.
- an ultrasonic line-focusing array probe with a frequency of 50 MHz, an array pitch of 100 ⁇ , the number of channels used for aperture synthesis, 32, and the underwater focal length of the line-focused beam of 15 mm (array arrangement as shown in Fig. 29)
- the surface of the vibrator with a size of 1 O mm has a curvature in the direction perpendicular to the direction and converges in that direction.)
- an artificial hole with a diameter of 300 ⁇ m is formed in the billet sample.
- Fig. 27 (b) shows an example of flaw detection as shown in Fig. 27 (a) and visualization using the defect image synthesis method. Note that Fig. 27 (b) uses the equal propagation time plane created by dividing each transducer into smaller regions.
- FIG. 27 (c) is a diagram in which the imaging process is performed by the method described in Patent Document 3 and three-dimensionally displayed by the method of the defect image synthesis method (S 65).
- the underwater focal length and the contact medium equivalent distance are about 1.5 of the vibrator region (vibrator diameter).
- the image of the artificial hole is flattened in the z direction, whereas in Fig. 27 (b), the curved surface of the artificial hole is reproduced, and the shape resolution is improved. I understand that.
- the defect determination device 17 has Defect determination is performed based on the above-mentioned signal subjected to the opening process.
- the defect image display device 16 that images and displays the combined result is not necessarily required, and the combined result from the defect image combining processing unit 1 1 6 is used as the defect determination device 1 7. May be input, and only the determination result may be output. Conversely, if automatic defect determination is not performed, the defect determination device 17 may be omitted.
- Embodiment 3 water is interposed between the array-type ultrasonic probe 10 a and the subject 1, and aperture synthesis processing is performed on the reception signal of the array-type ultrasonic probe 10 a.
- a signal processing step that performs aperture synthesis processing on the signals received by each transducer of the ultrasonic probe 10 a, and the resultant aperture synthesis waveform after being delayed by a set delay time and then added A method of generating an internal defect, and a display step of displaying the generated signal, wherein the delay time is calculated based on a synthetic aperture waveform.
- each of the array-type ultrasonic probe 10 a Change in propagation time with respect to the relative position between the focus of the aperture synthesis process performed on the received signal of the transducer and the set internal defect The amount of the defect is obtained, and the imaging signal of the internal defect is generated from the change amount of the propagation time, so that the internal defect can be imaged with high resolution.
- the fourth embodiment is an example in which the defect image composition processing unit 1 16 in FIG. 14 performs processing different from the above arithmetic processing.
- the defect image composition processing unit 1 16 of the fourth embodiment uses delay time data instead of the above equal propagation time plane data. Therefore, a storage device (not shown) for storing delay time data is provided in place of the equal propagation time plane data unit 1 17.
- This delay time data (delay time group) is obtained from the propagation time change data (data before the conversion of Fig. 21), and as shown in the conceptual diagram of Fig. 28, The data is such that the larger the amount of time change, the smaller the delay time, and the smaller the amount of change, the larger the delay time. Similar to the equi-propagation time plane data, it is obtained corresponding to each value of water distance * subject distance ⁇ aperture synthetic focal depth and stored in the storage device.
- the defect image synthesis processing unit 1 1 6 differs from the flowchart shown in Fig. 23 in the specific contents of the equal propagation time plane selection process (S 6 3) and the data visualization process (S 6 4). Other processing is the same.
- the equal propagation time plane selection process (S 63) is a process for selecting delay time data. Specifically, the delay time data (delay time group) corresponding to the water distance and defect depth of the received waveform measured with the array-type ultrasonic probe is selected.
- the waveform resynthesizing process is performed as shown in Fig. 28 using the delay time data selected in the delay time data selection process.
- a predetermined number of adjacent focal points (10 points in the example of Fig. 28) are selected, and reflected waveform data (array type ultrasonic waves) measured at those 10 points are selected.
- the waveform is delayed at each probe position. As shown in Figure 28, the delay time is reduced for the signal at the outer focus and the delay time is increased for the inner focus.
- the defect signal is enhanced by detecting the presence of the defect by aligning the defect waveforms.
- there should be no defects above and below the central focus For example, if there is a defect directly above or below the outer focal point, the defect signals received at each focal point will not be in phase even if delayed, so they will be canceled and not emphasized, and the defect signal cannot be detected. . In other words, there is no defect directly above or below the focal point located at the center.
- An aperture composite waveform is obtained by selecting and repeating a predetermined number of data in order while moving the selection range for data obtained by measuring such a process at a number of points. Then, when selecting the delay time data (delay time group), the delay time data (delay time group) corresponding to a plurality of depths are respectively selected, and the above arithmetic processing is repeated. Then, the obtained waveform is displayed by an appropriate method (A scope, B scope, C scope, three-dimensional display). This Embodiment 4 is also visualized by the defect image synthesis method and displayed on the defect image display device 16. In addition to the example described above, the defect determination device 17 performs defect determination based on the above-described signal subjected to the aperture processing by the defect image synthesis processing unit 1 16.
- the defect image display device 16 that images and displays the combined result is not necessarily required, and the combined result from the defect image combining processing unit 1 1 6 is used as the defect determination device 1 7. May be input, and only the determination result may be output. Conversely, if automatic defect determination is not performed, the defect determination device 17 may be omitted.
- water is interposed between the array-type ultrasonic probe 10 a and the subject 1, and aperture synthesis processing is performed on the reception signal of the array-type ultrasonic probe 10 a.
- a transmitter circuit that transmits the ultrasonic wave toward the subject 1 while scanning the formed focus relative to the subject 1 and receives the reflected wave from the internal defect of the subject 1 1 1 'drive Element selection circuit 1 1 2 'Reception circuit 1 1 3 (transmission / reception means) and array signal processing circuit for performing aperture synthesis processing on signals received by each transducer of array type ultrasonic probe 1 0 a 1 1 4 ( A signal processing unit), a defect image synthesis processing unit 1 1 6 (signal generation unit) that generates a signal by delaying the obtained aperture synthesis waveform by the set delay time data, and then generates the signal.
- Defect image display device that outputs and displays various signal data to image memory 1 6 (Display And the delay time data is calculated by calculating the propagation time based on the synthetic aperture waveform, and the ultrasonic wave method of each of the transducers of the array-type ultrasonic probe 10a. Obtained from the amount of change in propagation time with respect to the relative position between the focus of the aperture synthesis processing performed on the received signal and the set internal defect, and generates a video signal of the internal defect from the amount of change in the propagation time. The internal defects can be visualized with high resolution.
- the present invention shown in the first to fourth embodiments may be applied even when the ratio of the focal length, the subject distance, and the contact medium distance to the transducer region is sufficiently large. The effect becomes remarkable under the condition that the ratio of the object distance and the contact medium distance to the transducer area is small.
- the ratio of the focal length to the size of the transducer for transmitting and receiving is applicable in a range larger than 0.5 and smaller than 8, preferably in a range larger than 0.5 and smaller than 6. Is preferably in the range of greater than 0.5 and less than 3. It should be noted that the range of the ratio of the object distance and the catalytic catalyst distance to the size of the transducer that performs transmission and reception to which the present invention is applied is also the same as the focal length.
- the application of the present invention is not limited to this, and waveform data synthesized based on the obtained counter value and delay time is input and the data is used. It can also be applied to defect detection devices that detect defects by determining the type and degree of defects.
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CN102323216A (zh) * | 2010-05-21 | 2012-01-18 | 株式会社东芝 | 焊接检查方法及其设备 |
CN110208809A (zh) * | 2019-01-17 | 2019-09-06 | 东莞市诺丽电子科技有限公司 | 一种动态平面分析方法及动态平面高度测量*** |
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CN102879472B (zh) * | 2012-09-22 | 2015-01-28 | 华南理工大学 | 一种基于频谱认知的自适应超声钢轨探伤方法及装置 |
JP6253075B2 (ja) * | 2012-12-19 | 2017-12-27 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | プローブアレイ |
US10041911B2 (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2018-08-07 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Methods and systems for measuring corrosion in-situ |
CN106770671B (zh) * | 2016-12-14 | 2019-03-12 | 广州大学 | 一种超声波检测装置中超声波回波处理装置及方法 |
JP6655589B2 (ja) * | 2017-11-29 | 2020-02-26 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 計測システム、加工システム、計測方法及びプログラム |
CN113994204B (zh) * | 2019-06-13 | 2024-04-26 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | 超声波探伤方法、超声波探伤装置、以及钢材的制造方法 |
CN111077227B (zh) * | 2019-12-18 | 2021-11-02 | 华南理工大学 | 一种超声阵列扫查反演方法、***、存储介质及设备 |
JP7023406B1 (ja) * | 2021-09-02 | 2022-02-21 | 三菱重工パワー検査株式会社 | 超音波探触子及び超音波探傷方法 |
JP2023072292A (ja) * | 2021-11-12 | 2023-05-24 | 日清紡ホールディングス株式会社 | 波形整形装置および気体濃度測定装置 |
KR102684125B1 (ko) * | 2021-11-24 | 2024-07-11 | 주식회사 메타소닉 | 적층형 반도체의 잠재 불량 스크린 장치 및 그 방법 |
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