WO2009097217A1 - Systems and methods for producing oil and/or gas - Google Patents
Systems and methods for producing oil and/or gas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009097217A1 WO2009097217A1 PCT/US2009/031762 US2009031762W WO2009097217A1 WO 2009097217 A1 WO2009097217 A1 WO 2009097217A1 US 2009031762 W US2009031762 W US 2009031762W WO 2009097217 A1 WO2009097217 A1 WO 2009097217A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- carbon oxysulfide
- carbon
- formation
- sulfur
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 74
- JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyl sulfide Chemical compound O=C=S JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 408
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 225
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 194
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 149
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 131
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 78
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon disulfide Chemical compound S=C=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur monoxide Inorganic materials O=S=S TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 124
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 38
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- 235000010269 sulphur dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 34
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- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
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- CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(C)CCO CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003455 mixed metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Mo] DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002343 natural gas well Substances 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052615 phyllosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 1
- PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].[Pt] PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N promethium atom Chemical compound [Pm] VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007039 two-step reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G27/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, by oxidation
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1033—Oil well production fluids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/201—Impurities
- C10G2300/202—Heteroatoms content, i.e. S, N, O, P
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
- C10G2300/302—Viscosity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/02—Gasoline
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/04—Diesel oil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/10—Lubricating oil
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to systems and methods for producing oil and/or gas.
- thermal thermal enhanced recovery works by adding heat to the reservoir.
- the most widely practiced form is a steamdrive, which reduces oil viscosity so that it can flow to the producing wells.
- Chemical flooding increases recovery by reducing the capillary forces that trap residual oil.
- Polymer flooding improves the sweep efficiency of injected water.
- Miscible gas injection works in a similar way to chemical flooding. By injecting a fluid that is miscible with the oil, trapped residual oil can be recovered.
- System 100 includes underground formation 102, underground formation 104, underground formation 106, and underground formation 108.
- Production facility 1 10 is provided at the surface.
- Well 1 12 traverses formations 102 and 104, and terminates in formation 106.
- the portion of formation 106 is shown at 1 14.
- Oil and gas are produced from formation 106 through well 1 12, to production facility 1 10.
- Gas and liquid are separated from each other, gas is stored in gas storage 1 16 and liquid is stored in liquid storage 1 18.
- Gas in gas storage 1 16 may contain hydrogen sulfide, which must be processed, transported, disposed of, or stored.
- Co-Pending Patent Application Publication 2006/0254769 discloses a system including a mechanism for recovering oil and/or gas from an underground formation, the oil and/or gas comprising one or more sulfur compounds; a mechanism for converting at least a portion of the sulfur compounds from the recovered oil and/or gas into a carbon disulfide formulation; and a mechanism for releasing at least a portion of the carbon disulfide formulation into a formation.
- Publication 2006/0254769 is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- U.S. Patent Number 6,149,344 discloses that acid gas, containing hydrogen sulfide, is liquified by compression and cooling, mixed with water under pressure and flowed into a disposal well.
- U.S. Patent Number 6,149,344 is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- the invention provides a system comprising a mechanism for recovering oil and/or gas from an underground formation, the oil and/or gas comprising one or more sulfur compounds; a mechanism for converting at least a portion of the sulfur compounds from the recovered oil and/or gas into a carbon oxysulfide formulation; and a mechanism for releasing at least a portion of the carbon oxysulfide formulation into the formation.
- the invention provides a method comprising recovering oil and/or gas from an underground formation, the oil and/or gas comprising at least one sulfur compound; converting at least a portion of the sulfur compound from the recovered oil and/or gas into a carbon oxysulfide formulation; and releasing at least a portion of the carbon oxysulfide formulation into the formation.
- the invention provides a system for producing oil and/or gas comprising a mechanism for recovering oil and/or gas from a first underground formation, the oil and/or gas comprising one or more sulfur compounds; a mechanism for converting at least a portion of the sulfur compounds from the recovered oil and/or gas into a carbon oxysulfide formulation; and a mechanism for releasing at least a portion of the carbon oxysulfide formulation into a second underground formation.
- Improved systems and methods for producing a carbon oxysulfide formulation Improved carbon oxysulfide formulations containing compositions for secondary recovery of hydrocarbons.
- Figure 1 illustrates an oil and/or gas production system.
- Figure 1 illustrates an oil and/or gas production process.
- FIGS 3a-3d illustrate oil and/or gas production systems.
- Figure 4 illustrates a carbon oxysulfide formulation production process.
- Figure 5 illustrates a carbon oxysulfide formulation production process.
- Figure 6 illustrates an oil and/or gas production system.
- Process A for producing oil and/or gas, which includes disposing of a sulfur compound is illustrated.
- Process A includes step 1 where oil and/or gas is recovered from an underground formation, the oil and/or gas including a sulfur compound.
- step 2 at least a portion of the sulfur compound from the oil and/or gas is converted into a carbon oxysulfide formulation.
- step 3 at least a portion of the carbon oxysulfide formulation or a mixture comprising a carbon oxysulfide formulation may be released into a formation.
- the recovery of oil and/or gas with a sulfur compound from an underground formation may be accomplished by any known method. Suitable methods include subsea production, surface production, primary, secondary, or tertiary production. The selection of the method used to recover the oil and/or gas from the underground formation is not critical.
- oil and/or gas with a sulfur compound may be recovered from a formation into a well, and flow through the well and flowline to a facility.
- enhanced oil recovery with the use of an agent for example steam, water, a surfactant, a polymer flood, and/or a miscible agent such as a carbon oxysulfide formulation, may be used to increase the flow of oil and/or gas from the formation.
- the sulfur compound may include hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans, sulfides and disulfides other than hydrogen disulfide, or heterocyclic sulfur compounds for example thiophenes, benzothiophenes, or substituted and condensed ring dibenzothiophenes, or mixtures thereof.
- the conversion of at least a portion of the sulfur compound into a carbon oxysulfide formulation may be accomplished by any known method. Suitable methods may include oxidation reaction of the sulfur compound to sulfur and/or sulfur dioxides, and by reaction of sulfur and/or sulfur dioxide with carbon and/or a carbon containing compound to form the carbon oxysulfide formulation. The selection of the method used to convert at least a portion of the sulfur compound into a carbon oxysulfide formulation is not critical.
- the carbon oxysulfide formulation may include carbon oxysulfide, carbon disulfide, and/or carbon disulfide derivatives for example, thiocarbonates, xanthates and mixtures thereof; and optionally one or more of the following: hydrogen sulfide, sulfur, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, and mixtures thereof.
- carbon oxysulfide formulation production may have an input of a sulfur compound, for example directly from the formation, or after being separated.
- At least a portion of the sulfur compound may be separated from other gases and/or liquids from the formation, prior to the oxidation process. Suitable separation processes include solvent extraction, using a scavenging agent, liquefying and isolating the sulfur compound by compression and cooling, or other known separation methods. Sulfur compounds recovered from the oil and/or gas may be sent to a carbon oxysulfide formulation production facility, where the sulfur compounds may be converted to a carbon oxysulfide formulation. In some embodiments, the sulfur compound may be removed by solvent extraction, with possible regeneration and recycle of the solvent.
- Solvents for such extraction include an amine solvent, for example an aqueous solution of secondary and tertiary amine, for example diisopropylamine (DIPA), methyldiethanolamine and thethanolamine (TEA).
- DIPA diisopropylamine
- TEA methyldiethanolamine
- the oil and/or gas may be contacted with the amine solvent at relatively low temperatures to remove the sulfur compound.
- This step produces a rich amine portion, loaded with the sulfur compound.
- This rich amine may be passed to a stripper/regenerator, for example a tray type column.
- the solvent may then be heated to give off a concentrated sulfur compound gas, leaving a lean amine portion that may be recycled as fresh amine solvent.
- the sulfur compound rich concentrated acid gas may be routed to the oxidation process.
- the sulfur compound may be separated by liquefying the sulfur compound.
- U.S. Patent Number 6,149,344 discloses that acid gas, containing hydrogen sulfide, may be liquified by compression and cooling, mixed with water under pressure and flowed into a disposal well.
- U.S. Patent Number 6,149,344 is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- the sulfur compound may be converted into sulfur dioxide and/or sulfur by an oxidation reaction, for example by the Claus process, catalytic selective oxidation reaction, or by reaction with a metal as described hereinafter.
- the oxidation reaction may include reacting a sulfur compound with an oxygen containing gas in a reaction zone to yield sulfur dioxide and/or sulfur, among other components.
- the oxygen containing gas may be oxygen, air, oxygen-enriched air, or oxygen depleted air.
- the sulfur compound may be oxidized in the presence of a catalyst.
- Suitable catalysts include aluminum, antimony, bismuth, cerium, chromium, cobalt, copper, dysprosium, erbium, europium, gadolinium, gold, hafnium, holmium, iridium, iron, lanthanum, luterium, magnesium, manganese, mixed metals, molybdenum, neodymium, nickel, niobium, osmium, palladium, platinum, praseodymium, promethium, rhenium, rhodium, ruthenium, samarium, scandium, silica, silver, tantalum, technetium, terbium, thulium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, ytterbium, yttrium, zinc, zirconium, in their elemental form, or as compounds, for example oxides,
- the catalyst may comprise one or more layers of wire gauze.
- the catalyst may comprise a monolith structure or a packed bed of discrete or divided units or structures of the catalyst, for example regularly or irregularly shaped particles, granules, beads, pills, pellets, cylinders, thlobes, extrudates or spheres.
- the catalyst may be dispersed on a catalyst carrier.
- Suitable catalyst carriers include acidic mordenite, alumina, , ceria, chromium oxide, iron oxide, laminar phyllosilicate, lanthanide, , silica, titanium dioxides, yttria, zirconium oxides, other refractory oxides, and/or combinations or mixtures of two or more of the above.
- the catalyst may comprise a vanadium-containing material and a substance selected from scandium, yttrium, lanthanum and samarium and optionally an antimony-containing promoter.
- the catalyst may comprise bismuth oxide supported on alumina.
- the catalyst may comprise an oxide of molybdenum, nickel, manganese, vanadium, and/or chromium supported on titanium dioxide. In some embodiments, the catalyst may comprise a multi-component catalyst containing antimony, vanadium and magnesium materials.
- the catalyst may comprise a mixed metal catalyst containing vanadium in combination with molybdenum or magnesium.
- the catalyst may comprise an iron oxide supported on silica or titanium dioxide.
- the catalyst may comprise an iron and zinc oxide supported on silica. In some embodiments, the catalyst may comprise both bismuth and vanadium oxides and/or V 2 O5 supported on acidic mordenite or alumina.
- the catalyst may comprise a vanadium oxide or sulfide catalyst supported on a non-alkaline porous refractory oxide.
- the catalyst may comprise a mixed metal oxide catalyst containing titania, for example where the catalyst may contain from 0.1 to 25% by weight nickel oxide and from 0 to 10% by weight aluminum oxide (where the percentages are based on the supported catalyst).
- the catalyst may comprise a mixture of two or more of platinum, rhodium, nickel, palladium, ruthenium, and iridium, for example a platinum-rhodium mixture.
- the mixture may also contain a lanthanide metal or metal oxide.
- the mixture may be supported on a lanthanide, for example samarium, coated refractory support.
- the oxidation reaction may take place in a reaction zone having a temperature of less than about 500 0 C, for example from about 150 to about 500 0 C, or from about 200 to about 300°C, or above the dew point of sulfur, for given process conditions, so that sulfur does not condense onto the catalyst or in the reaction zone.
- the oxidation reaction may take place in a reaction zone having a pressure from about 100 to about 1000 kilopascals, for example from about 200 to about 500 kilopascals (absolute).
- the contact time between the catalytic surfaces of the catalyst and the sulfur compound may be maintained from about 1 to about 200 milliseconds, for example from about 5 to about 50 milliseconds, or from about 10 to about 20 milliseconds.
- a sulfur compound may be converted to sulfur and/or sulfur dioxide, for which processes are disclosed in U.S. patent application publication numbers 2004/0096381 , 2004/0022721 , 2004/0159583,
- the sulfur compound when the sulfur compound is hydrogen sulfide, the hydrogen sulfide may converted into sulfur by the following reaction sequence:
- M represents a suitable metal, for example iron, cobalt, nickel, bismuth or molybdenum.
- oxidation reaction products for example sulfur and/or sulfur dioxide
- oxidation reaction products may be removed from the reaction zone, by techniques known in the art.
- oxidation reaction products may be removed by distillation or stripping.
- oxidation reaction products may be removed by solvent extraction using an aqueous amine solution or an alkaline solution, or by absorption on copper, barium or cerium oxide.
- Sulfur and/or sulfur dioxide may be reacted with carbon or a carbon containing compound and an oxygen containing compound (as molecular oxygen, di-hydrogen oxide (such as water), carbon monoxide, or carbon dioxide) in a reaction zone to produce a carbon oxysulfide formulation.
- an oxygen containing compound as molecular oxygen, di-hydrogen oxide (such as water), carbon monoxide, or carbon dioxide
- the oxygen compound can be reacted in one step with the sulfur compound producing sulfur dioxide, and the sulfur dioxide may be reacted in another with carbon or a carbon containing compound in a reaction zone to produce a carbon oxysulfide formulation.
- the oxygen compound can be reacted in one step with the carbon or carbon containing compound producing carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide, and the carbon monoxide/carbon dioxide may be reacted in another step with sulfur or sulfur dioxide in a reaction zone to produce a carbon oxysulfide formulation
- the sulfur and/or sulfur oxide may be reacted in one step with the carbon or carbon containing compound producing a carbon disulfide containing mixture, and the carbon disulfide mixture may be reacted in another step with an oxygen containing compound such as di-hydogen oxide or carbon dioxide in a reaction zone to produce a carbon oxysulfide formulation.
- the products for example carbon oxysulfide formulation and other sulfur compounds, may be separated into carbon oxysulfide formulation and sulfur compound portions, and the sulfur compound portion recycled to be oxidized and/or combined with a carbon and/or oxygen compound.
- the carbon compound comprises carbon in any form, for example graphite, coal, charcoal, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons for example natural gas, methane, ethane, propane, or heavier hydrocarbons.
- sulfur and/or sulfur dioxide may be combined with a carbon and/or oxygen compound at temperatures from about 500 to about 900 0 C, for example from about 550 to 700 0 C.
- sulfur and/or sulfur dioxide may be combined with a carbon and/or oxygen compound at a pressure from about 100 to about 500 kilopascals.
- an excess of sulfur and/or sulfur dioxide (e.g. 10- 15% stoichiometric excess) may be used with respect to the carbon and/or oxygen compounds.
- the carbon and/or oxygen compound may be fed countercurrent to the sulfur and/or sulfur dioxide so that the components may collide head-on.
- sulfur and/or sulfur dioxide may be combined with a carbon and/or oxygen compound in the presence of a catalyst.
- Suitable catalysts include silica-alumina catalysts, for example those containing from 2 to 10 per cent by weight of silica; silica gel; fuller's earth; bauxite; activated alumina; and in general those types of clay which are effective in the removal of color bodies and gum forming bodies from petroleum oils.
- the catalysts may additionally comprise one or more of vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium, rhenium, iron, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, and/or platinum; in their elemental form, as compounds of the metals, or as oxides and sulfides.
- oxides and sulfides of iron, vanadium, chromium, molybdenum, and manganese may be used as promoters in combination with silica gel, fuller's earth and/or activated alumina catalysts.
- the product from the reaction zone may be heat exchanged with the carbon compound, to cool the product and to heat the carbon compound.
- sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide may be reacted to form a carbon oxysulfide formulation.
- the process may include a reaction step wherein sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide are reacted in the presence of a catalyst to form carbonyl sulfide and carbon dioxide.
- the reaction can be represented by the following equation:
- the reaction may be driven to completion by removal of the carbon oxysulfide formulation.
- the reaction step may be promoted by a catalyst of the type containing a reducible metal oxide, for example chromium promoted iron catalyst, nickel-molybdenum, cobalt-molybdenum, molybdenum or any combination thereof.
- the reaction is highly exothermic. A substantial quantity of heat may be removed from the reaction to control the temperature.
- the reaction may be conducted in a shell-and-tube reactor, a fluidized bed reactor, or a molten salt reactor. The heat that is recovered from this reaction step may be advantageously used in other parts of the process.
- Carbon oxysulfide formulation may be recovered from the reactor effluent.
- carbon oxysulfide formulation may be continuously removed by absorption in a solvent, for example in a reactor-absorber column.
- the column may contain catalyst particles which also serve as the tower packing.
- the catalyst not only promotes the reaction but in addition may provide the surface area for contact between the liquid absorbent and the gas phase.
- a carbon oxysulfide formulation may be produced by reacting elemental carbon and oxygen with sulfur. Elemental carbon may be obtained from methane, which may be thermally decomposed to carbon and hydrogen in the absence of oxygen or oxygen-containing compounds, to ensure that no methane conversion to oxygenates can take place. The hydrogen may be collected for separate use. The heat required for this decomposition reaction could be supplied in any desirable form.
- a catalytic surface may be used to enhance the decomposition reaction and thus reduce the fuel requirements of the reaction.
- Sulfur may be reacted with the freshly generated carbon and oxygen so as to produce carbon oxysulfide formulation, for example, sulfur in the vapor phase may be used for this reaction.
- the methane decomposition reaction and the reaction with sulfur may both take place in the same reaction zone, wherein elemental carbon may be deposited on a solid surface as a product of the decomposition reaction. After the carbon deposited by the decomposition reaction is removed from the reactor by the reaction with sulfur, the introduction of sulfur may be stopped and the cycle of methane decomposition restarted.
- the decomposition reaction and the reaction with sulfur could also be conducted with a carrier solid in transported bed or fluidized bed reactor systems.
- sulfur and/or sulfur dioxide and a carbon compound may be converted to carbon oxysulfide formulation, processes for which are disclosed in U.S. patent numbers 7,090,818, 4,963,340, 2,636,810, 3,927,185, 4,057,613, and 4,822,938, the disclosures of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
- carbon monoxide may be reacted with sulfur dioxide to form carbon oxysulfide formulation, a process for which is disclosed in U.S. Patent 7,090,818, the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- carbon oxysulfide is formed as a waste gas stream in a Claus unit. Such carbon oxysulfide may be separated and used in an enhanced oil recovery operation.
- carbon oxysulfide is obtained in high yield and with high product selectivity and conversion rates by the sulfuhzation of methanol in the gas phase at elevated temperatures.
- the starting methanol utilized in the process may be advantageously supplied from natural gas generated at petroleum production sites, a process for which is disclosed in U.S. patent 4,007,254, the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- suitable systems and processes for forming carbon oxysulfide or carbonyl sulfide are disclosed in "The Chemistry of Carbonyl Sulfide" by Robert J. Ferm, published February 12, 1957 in Chemical Reviews 57 at pages 621-640.
- carbon oxysulfide may be formed during a coal gasification process, as a decomposition product from the distillation of alkali xanthates or other organic xanthic esters, by reacting carbon monoxide with sulfur vapors, by reacting carbon dioxide with boiling sulfur, by reacting sulfur dioxide, carbon, and oxygen, by oxidizing CS 2 , as a by-product during CS 2 formation, by heating oxides of carbon with sulfides, by the action of carbonyl chlorides on sulfides, or by the action of sulfuric acid on allyl thiocynates, and other suitable methods.
- "The Chemistry of Carbonyl Sulfide" by Robert J. Ferm is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- Releasing at least a portion of the carbon oxysulfide formulation and/or other liquids and/or gases may be accomplished by any known method.
- One suitable method is injecting carbon oxysulfide formulation into a single conduit in a single well, allowing carbon oxysulfide formulation to soak, and then pumping out at least a portion of the carbon oxysulfide formulation with gas and/or liquids.
- Another suitable method is injecting carbon oxysulfide formulation into a first conduit in a single well, and pumping out at least a portion of the carbon oxysulfide formulation with gas and/or liquids through a second conduit in the single well.
- Another suitable method is injecting carbon oxysulfide formulation into a first well, and pumping out at least a portion of the carbon oxysulfide formulation with gas and/or liquids through a second well.
- the selection of the method used to inject at least a portion of the carbon oxysulfide formulation and/or other liquids and/or gases is not critical.
- Carbon oxysulfide formulation and/or other liquids and/or gases may be left to soak in a formation for a period of time from about 1 hour to about 15 days, for example from about 5 to about 50 hours.
- carbon oxysulfide formulation and/or other liquids and/or gases may be pumped into a formation at a pressure above the fracture pressure of the formation.
- carbon oxysulfide formulation or carbon oxysulfide formulation mixed with other components may be miscible in oil (or other liquids) and/or gases in a formation. In some embodiments, carbon oxysulfide formulation or carbon oxysulfide formulation mixed with other components may be immiscible in oil and/or gas in formation.
- carbon oxysulfide formulation or carbon oxysulfide formulation mixed with other components may be mixed in with oil and/or gas in a formation to form a mixture which may be recovered from a well.
- carbon oxysulfide formulation or carbon oxysulfide formulation mixed with other components may not mix in with oil and/or gas in formation, so that carbon oxysulfide formulation or carbon oxysulfide formulation mixed with other components travels as a plug across the formation to force oil and/or gas to the well.
- a quantity of carbon oxysulfide formulation or carbon oxysulfide formulation mixed with other components may be injected into a well, followed by another component to force carbon oxysulfide formulation or carbon oxysulfide formulation mixed with other components across the formation.
- another component to force carbon oxysulfide formulation or carbon oxysulfide formulation mixed with other components across the formation.
- air, water in liquid or vapor form, carbon dioxide, other gases, other liquids, and/or mixtures thereof may be used to force carbon oxysulfide formulation or carbon oxysulfide formulation mixed with other components across the formation.
- carbon oxysulfide formulation is combined with one or more hydrocarbons: such as an aromatic, for example, benzene, toluene, or xylene; chlorinated hydrocarbons, for example, carbon tetrachloride or methylene chloride; other C5-C15 hydrocarbons, such as gasoline; diesel; mineral oils other naphthenic or paraffinic hydrocarbons; water or steam; or other sulfur compounds, for example, carbon disulfide and/or hydrogen sulfide, and then injected into a formation for enhanced oil recovery.
- hydrocarbons such as an aromatic, for example, benzene, toluene, or xylene
- chlorinated hydrocarbons for example, carbon tetrachloride or methylene chloride
- other C5-C15 hydrocarbons such as gasoline
- diesel mineral oils other naphthenic or paraffinic hydrocarbons
- water or steam or other sulfur compounds, for example, carbon disulfide and/or hydrogen sulfide
- carbon oxysulfide formulation or a carbon oxysulfide formulation mixture may be injected into a formation, produced from the formation, and then separated from the recovered oil and/or gas, for example, by boiling and then condensing, then the carbon oxysulfide formulation or carbon oxysulfide formulation mixture may be re-injected into the formation.
- carbon oxysulfide formulation or a carbon oxysulfide formulation mixture may be heated prior to being injected into the formation to lower the viscosity of fluids in the formation, for example heavy oils, paraffins, asphaltenes, etc.
- carbon oxysulfide formulation or a carbon oxysulfide formulation mixture may be heated and/or boiled while within the formation, with the use of a heated fluid or a heater, to lower the viscosity of fluids in the formation.
- heated water and/or steam may be used to heat and/or vaporize the carbon oxysulfide formulation in the formation.
- a nonaqueous fluid could be substituted for steam or hot water as the heat medium to vaporize carbon oxysulfide formulation, for example a heavy aromatic solvent which may have its own solubilizing effect on reservoir hydrocarbons.
- carbon oxysulfide formulation may be removed from the recovered crude and other liquids by physical separation processes, so that the carbon oxysulfide formulation may be reused again leaving the crude substantially free of carbon oxysulfide formulation.
- System 200 includes underground formation 202, underground formation 204, underground formation 206, and underground formation 208.
- Production facility 210 is provided at the surface.
- Well 212 traverses formations 202 and 204, and has openings in formation 206.
- Portions 214 of formation 206 may optionally be fractured and/or perforated.
- Oil and gas from formation 206 is produced into portions 214, into well 212, and travels up to production facility 210.
- Production facility may then separate gas, which is sent to gas processing 216, and liquid, which is sent to liquid storage 218.
- Production facility also includes carbon oxysulfide formulation production 230.
- Hydrogen sulfide and/or other sulfur containing compounds produced from well 212 may be sent to carbon oxysulfide formulation production 230.
- Carbon oxysulfide formulation is returned back down well 212 that is shown by the down arrow and is pumped into formation 206, and is then produced with oil and gas back up well 212 to production facility 210.
- Production facility 210 is adapted to recycle carbon oxysulfide formulation, for example by boiling the carbon oxysulfide formulation, condensing it or filtering or reacting it, then re-injecting the carbon oxysulfide formulation into well 212.
- System 200 includes underground formation 202, underground formation 204, underground formation 206, and underground formation 208.
- Production facility 210 is provided at the surface.
- Well 212 traverses formations 202 and 204, and has openings in formation 206.
- Portions 214 of formation 206 may be optionally fractured and/or perforated.
- oil and gas from formation 206 is produced into portions 214, into well 212, and travels up to production facility 210.
- Production facility then separates gas, which is sent to gas processing 216, and liquid, which is sent to liquid storage 218.
- Production facility also includes carbon oxysulfide formulation production 230.
- Hydrogen sulfide and/or other sulfur containing compounds produced from well 212 may be sent to carbon oxysulfide formulation production 230.
- carbon oxysulfide formulation may be pumped down well 212 that is shown by the down arrow and pumped into formation 206.
- Carbon oxysulfide formulation may be left to soak in formation for a period of time from about 1 hour to about 15 days, for example from about 5 to about 50 hours. After the soaking period, as shown in Figure 3c, carbon oxysulfide formulation and oil and/or gas is then produced back up well 212 to production facility 210.
- Production facility 210 is adapted to separate and/or recycle carbon oxysulfide formulation, for example by boiling the carbon oxysulfide formulation, condensing it or filtering or reacting it, then re-injecting the carbon oxysulfide formulation into well 212, for example by repeating the soaking cycle shown in Figures 3b and 3c from about 2 to about 5 times.
- carbon oxysulfide formulation may be pumped into formation 206 above the fracture pressure of the formation, for example from about 120% to about 200% of the fracture pressure.
- system 300 includes underground formation 302, formation 304, formation 306, and formation 308.
- Production facility 310 is provided at the surface.
- Well 312 traverses formation 302 and 304 has openings at formation 306. Portions of formation 314 may be optionally fractured and/or perforated.
- Production facility 310 is able to produce carbon oxysulfide formulation, which may be produced and stored in carbon oxysulfide formulation production 330.
- Hydrogen sulfide and/or other sulfur containing compounds from well 312 may be sent to carbon oxysulfide formulation production 330.
- Carbon oxysulfide formulation is pumped down well 332, to portions 334 of formation 306.
- Carbon oxysulfide formulation traverses formation 306 to aid in the production of oil and gas, and then the carbon oxysulfide formulation, oil and/or gas may all be produced to well 312, to production facility 310.
- Carbon oxysulfide formulation may then be recycled, for example by boiling the carbon oxysulfide formulation, condensing it or filtering or reacting it, then re-injecting the carbon oxysulfide formulation into well 332.
- carbon oxysulfide formulation or carbon oxysulfide formulation mixed with other components may be miscible in oil and/or gas in formation 306.
- carbon oxysulfide formulation or carbon oxysulfide formulation mixed with other components may be immiscible in oil and/or gas in formation 306.
- carbon oxysulfide formulation or carbon oxysulfide formulation mixed with other components may be mixed in with oil and/or gas in formation 306 to form a miscible mixture which is produced to well 312.
- carbon oxysulfide formulation or carbon oxysulfide formulation mixed with other components may not mix in with oil and/or gas in formation 306, so that carbon oxysulfide formulation or carbon oxysulfide formulation mixed with other components travels as a plug across formation 306 to force oil and/or gas to well 312.
- a quantity of carbon oxysulfide formulation or carbon oxysulfide formulation mixed with other components may be injected into well 332, followed by another component to force carbon oxysulfide formulation or carbon oxysulfide formulation mixed with other components across formation 306, for example air; water in gas or liquid form; water mixed with one or more salts, polymers, and/or surfactants; carbon dioxide; other gases; other liquids; and/or mixtures thereof.
- Carbon oxysulfide formulation production 430 has an input of hydrogen sulfide and/or other sulfur containing compounds, for example from a separation step, as discussed above.
- Hydrogen sulfide may be converted into sulfur dioxide by oxidation reaction 432.
- Hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide may be converted to sulfur at 434.
- Sulfur may be combined with an oygen and a carbon compound to produce carbon oxysulfide formulation at 436.
- carbon oxysulfide formulation and hydrogen sulfide produced at 436 may be separated into carbon oxysulfide formulation and hydrogen sulfide portions, and the hydrogen sulfide recycled to oxidation reaction 432.
- 438 may be omitted, and the carbon oxysulfide formulation and hydrogen sulfide produced at 436 may be the output.
- Carbon oxysulfide formulation and/or a carbon oxysulfide formulation containing mixture may be the output from carbon oxysulfide formulation production 430.
- Production 530 includes oxidation reaction of hydrogen sulfide and/or other sulfur containing compounds into sulfur dioxide at 532, for example by the Claus process, or catalytic selective oxidation reaction, as discussed above.
- carbon monoxide may be reacted with sulfur dioxide to form carbon oxysulfide formulation, a process for which is disclosed in U.S. Patent 7,090,818, the disclosure which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- System 700 includes underground formation 702, formation 704, formation 706, and formation 708; and underground formation 802, formation 804, formation 806, and formation 808.
- Production facility 710 is provided at the surface.
- Well 712 traverses formation 702 and 704 has openings at formation 706. Portions of formation 714 may be optionally fractured and/or perforated.
- As oil and gas is produced from formation 706 it enters portions 714, and travels up well 712 to production facility 710. Gas and liquid may be separated, and gas may be sent to gas storage 716, and liquid may be sent to liquid storage 718.
- Production facility 710 is able to produce carbon oxysulfide formulation, which may be produced and stored in carbon oxysulfide formulation production 730. Hydrogen sulfide and/or other sulfur containing compounds from well 712 may be sent to carbon oxysulfide formulation production 730. Carbon oxysulfide formulation is transported to well 732 by pipe 734 and pumped down well 732, to formation 806. Carbon oxysulfide formulation may be used in formation 806 to aid in the production of oil and gas from formation 806.
- distance d 740 is from about 1 to about 1000 kilometers, for example from about 5 to about 250 kilometers, or for example from about 10 to about 100 kilometers, or for example about 50 to 75 kilometers.
- gas and liquid produced from well 212, 312 and/or 712 may be separated, for example with a gravity separator or a centrifuge, or with other methods known in the art.
- the gas portion may be sent to carbon oxysulfide formulation production 230, 330 and/or 730.
- a gas portion containing hydrogen sulfide from well 212, 312 and/or 712 may be sent to carbon oxysulfide formulation production 230, 330 and/or 730, to undergo catalytic selective oxidation reaction 432 and/or 532 of the sulfur compounds by: contacting the gas portion and a molecular-oxygen containing gas, converting the sulfur containing components in the gas portion to sulfur dioxide, and then optionally removing the thus-formed sulfur dioxide from the gas portion.
- all of the components of system 200 and/or system 300 may be within about 10 km of each other, for example about 5, 3, or 1 km.
- oil and/or gas produced from well 212, 312 and/or 712 may be transported to a refinery and/or a treatment facility.
- the oil and/or gas may be processed to produced to produce commercial products such as transportation fuels such as gasoline and diesel, heating fuel, lubricants, chemicals, and/or polymers.
- Processing may include distilling and/or fractionally distilling the oil and/or gas to produce one or more distillate fractions.
- the oil and/or gas, and/or the one or more distillate fractions may be subjected to a process of one or more of the following: catalytic cracking, hydrocracking, hyd retreating, coking, thermal cracking, distilling, reforming, polymerization, isomehzation, alkylation, blending, and dewaxing.
- Step 1 may be completed with facility 210 and well 212 as shown in Figure 3a
- Step 2 may be completed by the carbon oxysulfide formulation production 530 shown in Figure 5
- Step 3 may be completed by facility 210 and well 212 as shown in Figure 3a
- Steps 1 and/or 3 may be completed by facility 210 and well 212 as shown in Figures 3b and 3c; or facility 310 and wells 312 and 332 as shown in Figure 3d.
- Step 2 may be completed by any known method.
- Step 2 may be completed by the carbon oxysulfide formulation production 430 shown in Figure 4, carbon oxysulfide formulation production 530 shown in Figure 5, or any other known carbon oxysulfide formulation production method.
- a system comprising a mechanism for recovering oil and/or gas from an underground formation, the oil and/or gas comprising one or more sulfur compounds; a mechanism for converting at least a portion of the sulfur compounds from the recovered oil and/or gas into a carbon oxysulfide formulation; and a mechanism for releasing at least a portion of the carbon oxysulfide formulation into the formation.
- the mechanism for recovering comprises a well in the underground formation and a recovery facility at a topside of the well; the mechanism for converting comprises a converting facility fluidly connected to the recovery facility; and/or the converting facility is adapted to produce the carbon oxysulfide formulation from at least a portion of the sulfur compound recovered from the well.
- the mechanism for recovering comprises a first well drilled in the underground formation for recovering the oil and/or gas, and a production facility at a topside of the first well; and/or the mechanism for releasing the carbon oxysulfide formulation comprises a second well in the underground formation for releasing the carbon oxysulfide formulation into the formation.
- the first well is at a distance of 15 to 2000 meters from the second well, where the range may encompass typical well spacing of known thermal, miscible gas injection, primary and secondary waterflood projects worldwide. Enhanced oil recovery projects may also expand beyond the typical well spacing often tens of kilometers, therefore the range is limited only by the extent of hydrocarbon bearing reservoir in the lateral sense, typically 1 km to 250 km.
- the underground formation is beneath a body of water, and/or the mechanism for converting is floating on the body of water, such as a production platform.
- the system also includes a mechanism for injecting water, the mechanism adapted to inject water into the underground formation after carbon oxysulfide formulation has been released into the formation.
- the mechanism for recovering comprises at least one well, the at least one well comprising a casing and/or a perforation.
- the mechanism for converting comprises a first reactor for oxidizing a first portion of the sulfur compound to produce sulfur dioxide; a second reactor for reacting a second portion of the sulfur compound with at least a portion of the sulfur dioxide to produce sulfur; and a third reactor for reacting at least a portion of the sulfur with a hydrocarbon to produce a carbon oxysulfide formulation.
- the first reactor comprises an apparatus for heating at least a portion of the sulfur from the second reactor.
- the system also includes a heat exchanger for transferring heat from at least a portion of the carbon oxysulfide formulation produced in the third reactor to at least a portion of the hydrocarbon being fed to the third reactor.
- a heat exchanger for transferring heat from at least a portion of the carbon oxysulfide formulation produced in the third reactor to at least a portion of the hydrocarbon being fed to the third reactor.
- the method also includes recovering carbon oxysulfide formulation from the oil and/or gas, if present, and then injecting at least a portion of the recovered carbon oxysulfide formulation into the formation.
- releasing comprises injecting at least a portion of the carbon oxysulfide formulation into the formation in a mixture with one or more of air; hydrocarbons; water in the form of liquid and/or vapor; sulfur compounds other than carbon disulfide; carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; or mixtures thereof.
- the method also includes heating the carbon oxysulfide formulation prior to injecting the carbon oxysulfide formulation into the formation, or while within the formation.
- converting the sulfur compound into the carbon oxysulfide formulation comprises oxidizing at least a portion of the sulfur compound to sulfur, and reacting at least a portion of the sulfur with a hydrocarbon to form the carbon oxysulfide formulation.
- converting sulfur compound to carbon oxysulfide formulation comprises oxidizing at least a portion of the sulfur compound into sulfur dioxide, and then converting at least a portion of the sulfur dioxide to sulfur.
- another material is injected into the formation after the carbon oxysulfide formulation is injected, for example the another material selected from the group consisting of air, water in the form of liquid and/or vapor, carbon dioxide, and/or mixtures thereof.
- the carbon oxysulfide formulation is injected at a well head pressure range from 0 to 37,000 kilopascals, for example 3,500 kPa to 1 1 ,000 kPa.
- oil, as present in the underground formation prior to the injecting the carbon disulfide compound has an in situ viscosity from 0.14 cp to 6.0 million cp, for example a viscosity from 0.3 cp to 30,000 cp.
- the underground formation comprises an average permeability from 0.0001 to 15 Darcies, for example a permeability from 0.001 to 1 Darcy.
- any oil, as present in the underground formation prior to the injecting the carbon oxysulfide formulation has a sulfur content from 0.5% to 5%, for example from 1 % to 3%.
- converting at least a portion of the sulfur compound comprises oxidizing a first portion of the sulfur compound with air and/or oxygen to produce sulfur dioxide; reacting the sulfur dioxide with a second portion of the sulfur compound to produce sulfur; and reacting the sulfur with a hydrocarbon to produce a carbon oxysulfide formulation.
- the method also includes heating the sulfur prior to the reaction with the hydrocarbon.
- the method also includes transferring heat from the produced carbon oxysulfide formulation to the hydrocarbon being fed to the reaction.
- a method comprising oxidizing a first portion of a sulfur compound in a first reaction zone to yield sulfur dioxide; reacting at least a portion of the sulfur dioxide with a second portion of sulfur compound in a second reaction zone to yield sulfur; and reacting at least a portion of the sulfur with one or more hydrocarbons in a third reaction zone to yield a carbon oxysulfide formulation.
- the method also includes heating at least a portion of the sulfur using heat generated in the oxidizing of the sulfur compound.
- the method also includes heat exchanging at least a portion of the carbon oxysulfide formulation with at least a portion of the hydrocarbons, cooling the carbon oxysulfide formulation, and heating the hydrocarbons.
- at least a portion of the sulfur leaving the second reaction zone has a temperature from 100 0 C to 450 0 C.
- at least a portion of the sulfur after the heating has a temperature from 450 0 C to 1000 0 C.
- a system for producing oil and/or gas comprising a mechanism for recovering oil and/or gas from a first underground formation, the oil and/or gas comprising one or more sulfur compounds; a mechanism for converting at least a portion of the sulfur compounds from the recovered oil and/or gas into a carbon oxysulfide formulation; and a mechanism for releasing at least a portion of the carbon oxysulfide formulation into a second underground formation.
- the first formation is a distance of less than 1000 kilometers from the second formation, for example less than 250 kilometers.
- the system also includes a fluid connection between the mechanism for converting and the mechanism for releasing.
- the fluid connection comprises a pipe.
- the mechanism for recovering is within a distance of 100 kilometers from the mechanism for converting, for example within a distance of 10 kilometers.
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Abstract
Description
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US12/865,119 US20110114331A1 (en) | 2008-01-30 | 2009-01-23 | Systems and methods for producing oil and/or gas |
CA2712874A CA2712874A1 (en) | 2008-01-30 | 2009-01-23 | Systems and methods for producing oil and/or gas |
CN2009801033902A CN101925390A (en) | 2008-01-30 | 2009-01-23 | The system and method that is used for producing oil and/or gas |
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US (1) | US20110114331A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101925390A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2712874A1 (en) |
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CN102695672A (en) * | 2010-01-07 | 2012-09-26 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | A process for the manufacture of sulphide compounds |
RU2612808C2 (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2017-03-13 | Меричем Компани | Method of processing hydrocarbons |
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US9242874B1 (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2016-01-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Microwave-based water decontamination system |
CA3057791A1 (en) * | 2018-10-03 | 2020-04-03 | David O. Trahan | Method, process, apparatus and chemicals to produce and inject paraffin treating compounds |
Citations (2)
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US20040015583A1 (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2004-01-22 | Barrett Mark A | Network management apparatus |
US20060254769A1 (en) * | 2005-04-21 | 2006-11-16 | Wang Dean C | Systems and methods for producing oil and/or gas |
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US7090818B2 (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2006-08-15 | Stauffer John E | Carbon disulfide process |
CN101443268B (en) * | 2006-05-16 | 2012-06-06 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | A process for the manufacture of carbon disulphide |
EP2038219A1 (en) * | 2006-07-07 | 2009-03-25 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Process for the manufacture of carbon disulphide and use of a liquid stream comprising carbon disulphide for enhanced oil recovery |
-
2009
- 2009-01-23 RU RU2010136287/05A patent/RU2010136287A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-01-23 WO PCT/US2009/031762 patent/WO2009097217A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-01-23 US US12/865,119 patent/US20110114331A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-01-23 CN CN2009801033902A patent/CN101925390A/en active Pending
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US20040015583A1 (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2004-01-22 | Barrett Mark A | Network management apparatus |
US20060254769A1 (en) * | 2005-04-21 | 2006-11-16 | Wang Dean C | Systems and methods for producing oil and/or gas |
Cited By (2)
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CN102695672A (en) * | 2010-01-07 | 2012-09-26 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | A process for the manufacture of sulphide compounds |
RU2612808C2 (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2017-03-13 | Меричем Компани | Method of processing hydrocarbons |
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RU2010136287A (en) | 2012-03-10 |
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US20110114331A1 (en) | 2011-05-19 |
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