WO2009096930A1 - Multi-hit capable transparent, multi-stack armor system - Google Patents
Multi-hit capable transparent, multi-stack armor system Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009096930A1 WO2009096930A1 PCT/US2008/010158 US2008010158W WO2009096930A1 WO 2009096930 A1 WO2009096930 A1 WO 2009096930A1 US 2008010158 W US2008010158 W US 2008010158W WO 2009096930 A1 WO2009096930 A1 WO 2009096930A1
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- glass
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- sub
- layer
- ceramic
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
- B32B17/10045—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
- B32B17/10045—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet
- B32B17/10055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet with at least one intermediate air space
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
- B32B17/10119—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having a composition deviating from the basic composition of soda-lime glass, e.g. borosilicate
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0407—Transparent bullet-proof laminatesinformative reference: layered products essentially comprising glass in general B32B17/06, e.g. B32B17/10009; manufacture or composition of glass, e.g. joining glass to glass C03; permanent multiple-glazing windows, e.g. with spacing therebetween, E06B3/66
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2369/00—Polycarbonates
Definitions
- the invention is directed to a hybrid laminated transparent armor system, and in particular to a composite armor system containing a glass-ceramic material and a conventional glass material.
- Transparent materials that are used for ballistic protection include (1) conventional glasses, for example, soda lime and borosilicate glass which are typically manufactured using the float process; (2) crystalline materials such as aluminum oxy- nitride (ALON), spinel, and sapphire; and (3) glass-ceramic materials ("GC").
- a transparent lithium disilicate GC from Alstom known as TransArm, has been studied by several groups. Due to its superior weight efficiency against ball rounds and small fragments, TransArm has the potential to increase performance of protective devices such as face shield; studies of the shock behavior of these materials have shown that the GC has a high post-failure strength compared to that of amorphous glasses.
- the invention is directed to the use of laminations of transparent GCs with glass for various armor systems; for example, armor systems for ground vehicles and aircraft as well as for personal protective devices.
- the optical properties of these armor systems meet the visible transparency as well as near IR transparency requirements of military armor systems, and their moderate density combined with a higher ballistics limit offers either of two important attributes or a combination of both attributes which are:
- the invention is directed to a transparent armor laminate system, said laminate system comprising one or a plurality of glass-ceramic material layers, one or a plurality of glass layers and a backing or spall layer; wherein said glass-ceramic layer has a crystalline component and a glass component, the crystalline component being in the range of 20-98 Vol.% of the glass ceramic and the glass component being in the range of 2-80 Vol.%. In another embodiment the crystalline component is in the range of 50-98 Vol.% and the glass component is in the range of 2-50 Vol.%.
- the layers in a stack of the foregoing materials may be bonded together using an adhesive material in any form, for example, a paste, gel or a sheet material.
- the adhesive material is placed between the layers of each stack.
- bonding is achieved by application of heat and/or pressure.
- Adhesives in gel, paste or other fluid or semi-fluid form may be cured and bonding achieved by application of heat or radiation.
- the bonding materials, adhesive or polymer material should match the refractive index of the other materials as closely as possible so as not to lessen optical performance.
- the adhesive and polymeric material should be transparent to infrared radiation.
- the invention is directed to a transparent armor laminate system having a plurality of "n" sub-stacks containing a glass-ceramic strike-face layer, at least one intermediary glass layer, and a backing layer, where n is an integer having a value of greater than one, and wherein each sub-stack is separated by an interlayer.
- the interlayer includes a filling material comprising a gas (including air), a fluid, a polymeric material, a gel; or a combination thereof.
- the GC layer has a crystalline component and a glass component, the crystalline component being in the range of 20- 98 Vol.% and the glass component being in the range of 2-80 Vol.% .
- the crystalline component is in the range of 50-98 Vol.% and the glass component is in the range of 2-50 Vol.%.
- the layers in a stack of the foregoing materials may be bonded together using an adhesive material in any form, for example, a paste, gel or a sheet material.
- the adhesive material is placed between the layers of each stack.
- bonding is achieved by application of heat and/or pressure.
- Adhesives in gel, paste or other fluid or semi-fluid form may be cured and bonding achieved by application of heat or radiation.
- the bonding materials, adhesive or polymer material should match the refractive index of the other materials as closely as possible so as not to lessen optical performance.
- the adhesive and polymeric material should be transparent to infrared radiation.
- the invention is directed to a transparent armor laminate system having plurality of "n" of sub-stacks containing a glass-ceramic strike- face layer, one or a plurality of glass layers and a backing layer, where n is an integer greater than one, and wherein each sub-stack is separated by an interlayer comprising a gap filled with a gas such as air or inert gas, and wherein the glass-ceramic layer has a crystalline component and a glass component, the crystalline component being in the range of 20-98 Vol.% crystalline component and the glass component being in the range of 2-80 Vol.% .
- the crystalline component is in the range of 50-98 Vol.% and the glass component is in the range of 2-50 Vol.%.
- a transparent armor laminate system comprising a plurality of sub-stacks separated by an interlayer; the front or first sub-stack comprising a plurality of layers including a strike-face layer comprising a glass-ceramic, a backing layer of a spall-resistant material, and at least one intermediate layer comprising glass and laminated between the strike- face layer and the backing layer; the remaining sub-stack(s) comprising a plurality of layers including a strike-face comprising at selected one from the group consisting of a glass-ceramic layer and a glass layer, a backing layer of a spall-resistant material, and at least one intermediate layer comprising glass and laminated between the strike- face layer and the backing layer; and an interlayer between at least the front or first stack and the adjacent sub-stack comprising an isolating material selected from a group consisting of gas, a fluid, a polymeric material, a gel, and combinations thereof.
- Figure 1 is an illustration of a typical commercially available armor system composed of glass and a polycarbonate backing.
- Figure 2 is an illustration of the invention generally illustrating the use of a glass-ceramic strike face, one or a plurality of glass layers and a polycarbonate backing.
- Figure 3 illustrates a lightweight glass-ceramic/glass as compared to an all float- glass system as is commercially available.
- Figure 4 is a graph of ballistic velocity vs. areal density illustrating the superiority of a glass-ceramic/glass armor system of the invention over other types of systems.
- Figure 5 is a graph illustrating the weight savings that can be achieved using a glass-ceramic/glass laminate as opposed to an all-glass laminate.
- Figures 6A ,6B, and 6C illustrate three configurations embodying sub-stacks separated by an interlayer or gap of or containing a material such as a polymer, air, an inert gas, a gel or other fluid that does not impair the transparency of the armor laminate.
- a material such as a polymer, air, an inert gas, a gel or other fluid that does not impair the transparency of the armor laminate.
- Figures 7 A - 7H illustrate a ballistic test using a two stack transparent armor system of the invention with an air gap between the stacks.
- strike-face is used to signify the face of the laminate armor that receives the incoming projectile.
- a typical commercial transparent armor system 10 consists of one or more sheets (first four layers) of glass 12 or transparent crystalline ceramic laminated into a composite layered structure with a backing layer 14 or "spall catcher.”
- the gray arrow 11 in Figure 1 indicates the path of an incoming projectile.
- Transparent crystalline materials are usually ALON (aluminum oxynitride), spinel and sapphire.
- the typical transparent glass materials used for these layers are conventional glasses, such as soda lime and borosilicate glasses, typically manufactured using conventional float glass processing.
- GCs combine the manufacturability of glass with many of the property benefits of crystalline materials. GCs offer significant advantages over conventional glass in resisting the penetration of projectiles that include armor piercing (hard steel core) bullets.
- armor piercing hard steel core
- a spall-resistant backing we have discovered that the combination of a hard transparent glass-ceramic strike face with one or more intermediate layers of glass and a backing layer comprising a spall-resistant material provides significantly better ballistics performance as a function of areal density than does an all-glass-ceramic or an all-glass design with or without a spall-resistant backing layer.
- FIG. 2 is an illustration of a laminated armor 20 of the invention having a hard glass-ceramic strike face layer 26 (first or front-most layer), a plurality of glass layers 22 (next three layers) and a backing layer 24 (back-most layer) comprising a spall-resistant material.
- the spall-resistant material may comprise polycarbonate or other tough polymer.
- An advantage of the system represented by 20 is that in addition to stopping projectiles (represented by arrow 21) at a preset velocity (e.g., muzzle velocity for certain type of bullets) they would require less material - in thickness or areal density - than conventional glass laminates and even glass-ceramic/glass-ceramic laminates.
- the gray arrow 21 in Figure 2 indicates the path of an incoming projectile.
- the hybrid configuration in the present invention requires much less total glass-ceramic thickness; for example, 10-20 mm of the laminate of the present invention is functionally comparable to a 30 mm laminate of glass-ceramic-only.
- This lower material requirement greatly facilitates manufacturability of the glass-ceramic from an optical transmission standpoint.
- Many glass-ceramics are prone to absorption problems because a small amount of impurity present in the glass, such as iron oxide, tends to react with TiO 2 (a typical nucleation agent) to cause absorption in the blue end of the visible spectrum.
- Figure 3 illustrates the difference, and hence the weight savings through layer reductions that can be obtained using a GC/glass laminate 50 (right side of figure) as compared to an "all float-glass" system 40 (left side of figure).
- Glass-ceramics are microcrystalline solids produced by the controlled devitrification of glass. Glasses are melted, fabricated to shape, and then converted by a heat treatment to a partially-crystalline material with a highly uniform microstructure. Thus, glass-ceramics contain a crystalline component and a glass component.
- the basis of controlled crystallization lies in efficient internal nucleation, which allows development of fine, randomly oriented grains without voids, micro-cracks, or other porosity.
- GCs are brittle materials which exhibit elastic behavior up to the strain that yields breakage. Because of the nature of the crystalline microstructure, however, mechanical properties including strength, elasticity, fracture toughness, and abrasion resistance are higher in GCs than in glass.
- Glass-ceramics found useful for transparent armor application contain 20-98 Vol.% crystalline component and 2-80 Vol.% glass component while maintaining their transparency.
- the crystalline component is in the range of 50-98 Vol.% and the glass component is in the range of 2-50 Vol.%.
- Figure 5 is a graph illustrating the weight savings of a hybrid GC-glass laminate compared to that of an all-glass laminate.
- the boxes to the right illustrate the relative thickness of the GC and glass (grey and white, respectively) for each data point.
- Boxes 1-4 represent laminates of comparable total thickness and areal density.
- Box 1 has the greatest thickness of glass-ceramic material and
- Box 3 has the smallest thickness of glass-ceramic material.
- Box 4 is all glass.
- Box 5 represents an all glass laminate of greater thickness than that of Box 4.
- the GC/glass/backing sub-stack shows significant weight savings for a single bullet impact compared to conventional all-glass or all-GC laminates.
- the inventors have discovered that a system comprising a plurality of sub-stacks laminated with an interlayer between the sub-stacks can withstand multiple bullet hits.
- the interlayer isolates cracks between sub-stacks and may include an isolating material and/or a gap.
- the isolating material may comprise an energy absorbing material such as, for example, a polymer or gel.
- the first GC/glass/backing sub-stack would stop the first bullet impact.
- the interlayer reduces significant damage in the second sub-stack, thereby permitting the second sub-stack to stop a second impact.
- the key benefit of the system is that the whole lay-up can be manufactured in one autoclave process step.
- Figures 6A ,6B, and 6C illustrate three exemplary system designs where weight savings observed in single hit cases should be readily translated into multi-hit benefits.
- the direction of impact of an incoming projectile is represented by arrows 71, 81 and 91
- Figure 6A illustrates a system 70 comprising two sub-stacks 73, 75, where each sub-stack includes a laminate having a glass-ceramic strike-face layer 76, at least one intermediate layer 72 comprising glass, and a backing layer 74.
- An interlayer 78 separates the first sub-stack 73 from the second sub-stack 75.
- the system presents a strike-face layer 76 to an incoming projectile.
- each sub-stack includes a laminate having a glass-ceramic strike-face layer 86, at least one intermediate layer 82 comprising glass, and a backing or spall catching layer 84.
- An interlayer 88 separates the first sub-stack 83 from the second sub-stack 85.
- the system presents a strike-face layer 86 to an incoming projectile.
- the interlayer 88 in this embodiment includes a gap between two sub-stacks.
- the gap may be filled with air, an inert gas, or with a clear gel to reduce interfacial reflective losses.
- a gap may better ensure that cracking in the first sub-stack 83 does not cause damage in the second stack 85, thereby potentially improving multi- hit performance further.
- the system 90 comprises two sub-stacks 93 and 95.
- the first or front sub-stack includes a laminate having a glass-ceramic strike-face layer 96, at least one intermediate layer comprising glass 92, and a backing layer or spall catching layer 94 of, for example, polycarbonate.
- This system presents a glass-ceramic strike face to an incoming projectile.
- the second sub-stack includes a laminate having a glass strike-face layer 92, at least one intermediate layer 92 also comprising glass, and a backing or spall catch layer 94.
- An interlayer 98 separates the first sub-stack from the second sub-stack.
- the interlayer 98 in this embodiment includes a gap between the two sub-stacks.
- the gap may be filled with air, inert gas, or with a clear gel or polymer.
- the gap may insure that cracking in the first sub-stack does not cause damage in the second sub-stack, thereby improving multi-hit performance further.
- the sub-stacks are separated by an interlayer.
- the interlayer will be filled by an isolating material that can serve to isolate cracks between sub-stacks as a result of a projectile impacting the armor laminate.
- Isolating materials include polymers, air, inert gases, gels, and fluids.
- the isolating material should (a) allow the first sub-stack to deform relatively independently of the presence of the second sub-stack, (b) have an index of refraction that matches or substantially matches that of the sub-stack so as to reduce optical distortion, and (c) be substantially transparent so as to reduce the loss of light transmission through the system.
- the glass-ceramic part of the laminate system should have good transparency and minimal light transmission losses or distortion in the selected transmission regions (for example without limitation, in the visible, infrared and ultraviolet ranges).
- the exact percentage of the phases, crystalline and glass depend on the composition of the glass before ceramming and the precise heat treatment used to crystallize the glass. Any glass material that can be cerammed according to the foregoing teachings and the teachings elsewhere herein can be used as the glass-ceramic component of the armor laminate.
- the glass-ceramic material should have a Knoop hardness of at least 600.
- the desired microstructure and crystallinity level in the glass-ceramic will likely depend on the types of threat that will be encountered and the multi-hit pattern that is being sought. Examples of the glass-ceramics include, without limitation, glass- ceramics in which the crystalline component is beta-quartz, a spinel and mullite.
- the glass component of the armor laminate may consist of at least one glass layer having a thickness in the range of 5-50 mm. In one embodiment, each individual glass layer has a thickness in the range of 10-20 mm.
- the glass material can be any glass meeting the criteria of transmissivity and low distortion as described elsewhere herein. Examples of such glass include but are not limited to soda-lime glass; silica glass, borosilicate glass; and aluminoborosilicate glass.
- the backing layer also known as the "spall catcher,” comprises a spall-resistant material such as a polymeric material.
- Suitable polymeric materials include polyacrylates, polycarbonates, polyethylenes, polyesters, polysulfones and other polymeric materials as used in currently available transparent armor.
- the spall-resistant material must meet the criteria of transmissivity and low distortion as described elsewhere herein.
- transparent armor laminate has a strike-face layer comprising glass-ceramic, at least one intermediate layer comprising glass, and a backing layer.
- the individual layers have a thickness in the range of 10-20 mm so that the thickness of the armor laminate is 30-60 mm.
- the Knoop hardness of the glass- ceramic material is greater than 600 and preferably greater than 700.
- each sub-stack is a laminate of a glass-ceramic 76, 86, at least one layer of a glass 72, 82 and a backing layer 74, 84. Projectile impact is illustrated by the arrow 71, 81.
- the first sub-stack is a laminate of a glass-ceramic, at least one layer of a glass, and a backing layer
- the second sub-stack is a laminate of at least one layer of glass and a backing layer.
- the two or more sub-stacks have interposed between them an interlayer 78, 88, the interlayer being filled with an isolating material.
- the interlayer will have a thickness sufficient to isolate adjacent sub-stacks.
- the thickness of the interlayer will typically be at least about 0.050 inch (about 0.127 centimeter) and up to about 0.500 inch (about 1.27 centimeters).
- the isolating material may include a gas, a fluid, a polymeric material, a gel, or combinations thereof.
- the gas may include air or an inert gas, and preferably will be dry, that is, low humidity, so as to reduce fogging.
- a polymeric material should resist brittle failure and preferably will be tough, that is, resistant to shock or impact and capable of absorbing energy before fracture. Examples of tough polymers include polycarbonate, polyurethane, and certain acrylics. The isolating material will be selected depending on the intended use, and will preferably reduce distortion and transmissivity losses.
- the number of sub-stacks is three or more and the thickness of each strike-face layer, intermediate layer, and backing layer ranges from 5- 15 mm, so that the total thickness of a sub-stack ranges from 15-45 mm.
- the glass-ceramic strike-face layer is the most forward, that is, directed toward the incoming projectile, in the sub-stack so that in the event of multiple hits the strike-face layer will receive any projectile that penetrates the preceding sub-stacks.
- each sub-stack comprising a glass-ceramic strike face, a glass intermediate layer, and a polycarbonate backing layer.
- Each sub- stack was capable of stopping a .30 cal.
- APM2 projectile One sub-stack was placed on top of the other sub-stack with one-quarter inch spacers separating the sub-stacks.
- the sub-stacks were bonded into a system having an interlayer comprising an air gap.
- a first projectile was directed at the strike-face of the first sub- stack. As expected, the first sub-stack stopped the projectile and the second sub-stack sustained no damage.
- a second, third, and fourth projectile were fired in a T-pattern at the system.
- the system stopped all four projectiles without penetration.
- the specimen had an areal density of 40.5 Ib (18.37 kilograms)/sft.
- the US Army reports an areal density of greater than 50 Ib (22.68 kilograms)/sft for a glass-only solution.
- Two sub-stacks were made with the front sub-stack comprising a glass-ceramic strike face, a glass intermediate layer, and a polycarbonate backing layer.
- the second sub-stack comprised a glass strike face, a glass intermediate layer, and a polycarbonate backing layer.
- One sub-stack was placed on top of the other sub-stack with one-quarter inch spacers separating the sub-stacks.
- the sub-stacks were bonded into a system having an interlayer comprising an air gap.
- a first projectile was directed at the strike-face of the first sub-stack.
- the first sub-stack stopped the projectile and the second sub-stack sustained no damage.
- a second, third, and fourth projectile were fired in a T-pattern at the system. The system stopped all four projectiles without penetration.
- the specimen had an areal density of 38.5 Ib (17.5 kg)/sft.
- Example 4 Two systems, A and B, were prepared as in Example 1 except that the interlayer was filled with polyurethane, and the interlayer thickness was only 0.100 inch (0.254 centimeter) and 0.050 inch (0.127 centimeter), for the systems A and B, respectively. In both cases the second stack saw damage from the first impact. In system A, the damage was apparently small enough that the armor sample was able to stop all four projectiles fired in a T-pattern. System B stopped the first three projectiles, but the fourth projectile passed completely through the system. Example 4
- Figures 7A - 7H illustrate a ballistic test using a two stack transparent armor system of the invention with an air gap between the stacks.
- the first or front stack has a glass ceramic strike face.
- the first or front layer of the second stack has a glass strike face.
- Figures 7A and 7B are front and back views, respectively, of the two stack system after a single projectile has hit the first stack.
- Figure 7C is a back view as in Figure 7B, but with a sheet of paper inserted in the gap between the first stack and the second stack.
- the absence of crack or fracture line in Figure 7C shows that the projectile did not strike the front layer of the second stack (the second stack strike face).
- the second stack is undamaged.
- Figures 7D, 7F and 7G are front views shown the first stack after it has been hit by the second, third and fourth projectiles.
- Figure 7G clearly shown the inverted T-pattern made by the four projectiles.
- back view 7E and 7H after the second and fourth shots, respectively) shown cracking of the second stack, there is no penetration through the second stack.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US12/675,171 US20100275767A1 (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2008-08-27 | Multi-hit capable transparent, multi-stack armor system |
JP2010522941A JP2011504992A (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2008-08-27 | Multi-hit transparent laminated armor system |
EP08872012A EP2188123A1 (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2008-08-27 | Multi-hit capable transparent, multi-stack armor system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US96723207P | 2007-08-31 | 2007-08-31 | |
US60/967,232 | 2007-08-31 |
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WO2009096930A1 true WO2009096930A1 (en) | 2009-08-06 |
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PCT/US2008/010158 WO2009096930A1 (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2008-08-27 | Multi-hit capable transparent, multi-stack armor system |
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US (1) | US20100275767A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2188123A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2011504992A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009096930A1 (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2244988A2 (en) * | 2007-09-27 | 2010-11-03 | Schott Corporation | Lightweight transparent armor window |
WO2011049893A2 (en) | 2009-10-20 | 2011-04-28 | Corning Incorporated | Transparent armour having improved ballistic properties |
WO2011150047A1 (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2011-12-01 | Corning Incorporated | Transparent laminates comprising intermediate or anomalous glass |
WO2011142867A3 (en) * | 2010-02-19 | 2012-01-12 | Nova Research, Inc. | Armor plate |
US8176831B2 (en) | 2009-04-10 | 2012-05-15 | Nova Research, Inc. | Armor plate |
US20120269995A1 (en) * | 2011-04-22 | 2012-10-25 | Schott Corporation | Light weight temperature resistant transparent laminate structure |
US8695476B2 (en) | 2011-03-14 | 2014-04-15 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Armor plate with shock wave absorbing properties |
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US9162426B2 (en) | 2006-08-30 | 2015-10-20 | Saxon Glass Technologies, Inc. | Transparent armor systems, methods for making and methods for using |
DE102008028318A1 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2009-12-17 | Esw Gmbh | Bullet-resistant transparent layer composite and protective arrangement with a bullet-resistant transparent layer composite |
US8640591B2 (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2014-02-04 | Corning Incorporated | Transparent armor with improved multi-hit performance by use of a thin cover glass |
CO6790239A1 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2013-11-14 | Agp America Sa | Curved armored glass with glass, ceramic or mechanically curved ceramic in the outer layer |
US9140522B1 (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2015-09-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Compositionally graded transparent ceramic armor |
WO2017136936A1 (en) * | 2016-02-10 | 2017-08-17 | Pre Labs Inc. | Ballistic body armor panels and methods of making same |
CO2017012225A1 (en) | 2017-08-23 | 2018-02-20 | Agp America Sa | Transparent multi impact shield |
WO2019090133A1 (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2019-05-09 | Adrain John B | Antiballistic window retrofitting apparatus and method |
CN111006547B (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2022-08-09 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Light bulletproof armor composite structure containing transparent aerogel |
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US20020058450A1 (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 2002-05-16 | The State Of Israel, Ministry Of Defense, Armament Development Authority | Lightweight armor against firearm projectiles |
US20070068375A1 (en) * | 2005-06-10 | 2007-03-29 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc | Transparent ceramic composite |
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- 2008-08-27 US US12/675,171 patent/US20100275767A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-08-27 WO PCT/US2008/010158 patent/WO2009096930A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-08-27 JP JP2010522941A patent/JP2011504992A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-08-27 EP EP08872012A patent/EP2188123A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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US4774143A (en) * | 1985-12-31 | 1988-09-27 | General Electric Company | Impact resistant glass |
US5496640A (en) * | 1994-08-15 | 1996-03-05 | Artistic Glass Products Company | Fire resistant transparent laminates |
US20020058450A1 (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 2002-05-16 | The State Of Israel, Ministry Of Defense, Armament Development Authority | Lightweight armor against firearm projectiles |
US6248678B1 (en) * | 1998-10-27 | 2001-06-19 | Corning Incorporated | Low expansion glass-ceramics |
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2244988A2 (en) * | 2007-09-27 | 2010-11-03 | Schott Corporation | Lightweight transparent armor window |
EP2244988A4 (en) * | 2007-09-27 | 2014-04-02 | Schott Corp | Lightweight transparent armor window |
US8176831B2 (en) | 2009-04-10 | 2012-05-15 | Nova Research, Inc. | Armor plate |
WO2011049893A2 (en) | 2009-10-20 | 2011-04-28 | Corning Incorporated | Transparent armour having improved ballistic properties |
WO2011142867A3 (en) * | 2010-02-19 | 2012-01-12 | Nova Research, Inc. | Armor plate |
WO2011150047A1 (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2011-12-01 | Corning Incorporated | Transparent laminates comprising intermediate or anomalous glass |
US8695476B2 (en) | 2011-03-14 | 2014-04-15 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Armor plate with shock wave absorbing properties |
US20120269995A1 (en) * | 2011-04-22 | 2012-10-25 | Schott Corporation | Light weight temperature resistant transparent laminate structure |
US10046540B2 (en) * | 2011-04-22 | 2018-08-14 | Oran Safety Glass Inc. | Light weight temperature resistant transparent laminate structure |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20100275767A1 (en) | 2010-11-04 |
EP2188123A1 (en) | 2010-05-26 |
JP2011504992A (en) | 2011-02-17 |
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