WO2009072216A1 - Immersion nozzle and method of continuous casting - Google Patents
Immersion nozzle and method of continuous casting Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009072216A1 WO2009072216A1 PCT/JP2007/073899 JP2007073899W WO2009072216A1 WO 2009072216 A1 WO2009072216 A1 WO 2009072216A1 JP 2007073899 W JP2007073899 W JP 2007073899W WO 2009072216 A1 WO2009072216 A1 WO 2009072216A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- immersion nozzle
- mass
- preheating
- nozzle
- mold
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an immersion nozzle used in a continuous production method for molten metal, and a continuous production method including a preheating step for preheating the immersion nozzle.
- the immersion nozzle is attached to the bottom of the tundish and is configured to discharge the molten metal in the evening dish into the mold from the discharge port at the lower end of the nozzle.
- This immersion nozzle is used in a state where the lower end side is immersed in the molten metal in the mold, thereby preventing the injected molten metal from scattering and preventing the injected molten metal from contacting the atmosphere. Oxidation is suppressed.
- the immersion nozzle can be injected in a rectified state, impurities such as slag and non-metallic inclusions floating in the molten metal are prevented from being caught in the molten metal. As a result, the quality of the chips can be improved and the stability of the operation can be secured.
- Such an immersion nozzle is generally formed of Al 2 O 3 —SiO 2 to C (carbon) refractory or Al 2 O 3 C refractory.
- a 1 2 O 3 - C refractories containing steel immersion nozzle, A 1 2 O 3 is superior in corrosion resistance to the refractory and the molten metal, C inclusions (slag It is currently most widely used in continuous casting of molten metal because it is difficult to wet with the component), has low expansion, and has good thermal conductivity.
- mold powder floats on the surface of the molten steel in the mold.
- This mold powder generally contains C a 0, S i 0 2 , C a F 2 , N a 2 0, C, and its basicity is about 1, so Al 2 O 3 and S i Refractories containing O 2 will be severely damaged.
- the conventional refractory containing Al 2 03 1 C has a large melting loss in the outer periphery of the immersion nozzle that contacts the mold powder (hereinafter referred to as the powder line part) and cannot be used for a long time. There was a problem.
- Z r O 2 C-quality refractory has a combination of excellent corrosion resistance against mold powder of Z r 0 2 and the thermal shock resistance of C.
- This Z r 0 2 Use of C-quality refractories in the powder line can improve the durability of the immersion nozzle.
- increasing the Z r ⁇ 2 causes a decrease in thermal shock resistance, cracking and breakage problems during use occurs.
- to improve the thermal shock resistance it is effective to increase the amount of C and reduce the amount of ZrO 2 , but the corrosion resistance is reduced.
- Z r 0 2 It is necessary to optimize the amount of C and C. Above JP 1 1 one 3 0 2 0 7 No. 3 described in Japanese configuration, Z r O 2 in the amount 7 0-9 5 mass%, and 5-3 0% by weight the amount of C This optimization is aimed at.
- a combustion gas is blown by a burner 100 as shown in FIG.
- Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 10-1118876 proposes a method in which the outer periphery of the immersion nozzle is surrounded by an electric heater and heated by heat transfer / radiation.
- the time required for preheating is long.
- the C component in the refractory of Zr ⁇ 2 _C quality disappears as C ⁇ gas or CO 2 gas due to oxidation.
- a large-diameter pore is formed in the Zr 0 2 -C refractory, making it easier for the mold powder to erode in the pore and promoting the melting damage due to the mold powder.
- the present invention provides an immersion nozzle capable of improving durability
- the present invention has been devised based on the knowledge that high-frequency induction heating is preferably used to uniformly heat the immersion nozzle.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows. It is.
- An immersion nozzle according to the present invention is an immersion nozzle used in a method for continuously producing molten metal, and at least a portion in contact with the slag on the outer periphery is Zr 0 2 : 70% by mass or more And refractory material including FC (free carbon) 30 mass% or less, and preheated by high frequency induction heating
- Z r 0 2 is 80 mass% or more, and the FC is 20 mass% or less.
- FC usually includes, for example, carbon remaining after the binder is baked in addition to additive graphite such as scale graphite, electrode scrap, anthracite, and earth graphite.
- the FC can be selectively heated by high-frequency induction heating, as shown in FIG. 5 and the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10 1 1 8 7 46.
- the immersion nozzle can be preheated uniformly.
- preheating can be completed in a short time without using combustion gas as in the past, so there is little disappearance of FC in the refractory and the rate of slag erosion can be reduced. Accordingly, the durability of the immersion nozzle can be improved.
- the immersion nozzle according to the present invention can be realized as the following configuration in addition to the immersion nozzle described in (1) above. That is, the immersion nozzle according to the present invention is an immersion nozzle that is used in a method for continuously forming molten metal, and at least the portion that contacts the slag in the outer peripheral portion is Zr 0 2 : 70 mass% or more. , FC (free carbon): 20% by mass It is formed of a refractory material including the following, and the remaining 10% by mass or less including the stabilizing material of Zr 0 2 and is preheated by high frequency induction heating.
- the same effect as the invention of the above (1) can be obtained.
- the Z r ⁇ 2 can be fixed to the refractory in tissue in a stable state by the addition of the stabilizing material, it is possible to prevent the Z R_ ⁇ 2 grains from falling off in the slag. Thereby, it can suppress that the part which contacts slag melts
- stabilizing Kazai includes C A_ ⁇ , M G_ ⁇ and Y 2 O least for either one also of 3 It is preferable.
- the continuous forging method according to the present invention includes a preheating step of preheating the immersion nozzle according to any one of the above (1) to (3) by high-frequency induction heating, and the immersion immersed in the preheating step. And a forging step of injecting molten metal from the tundish into the mold through a nozzle.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a continuous forging machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 2 is a side sectional view showing the immersion nozzle according to the embodiment of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a combination of ZrO 2 and FC of refractory used in the powder line portion of the immersion nozzle in the embodiment of FIG. It is the figure which showed quantity.
- FIG. 4 is a side sectional view showing the preheating device with the immersion nozzle in the embodiment of FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a side sectional view showing a state in which the immersion nozzle is preheated by a heating method using a conventional burner.
- FIG. 1 shows the schematic configuration of the continuous forging machine in this embodiment.
- 1 is a continuous forging machine, and this continuous forging machine 1 continuously cools and solidifies molten steel to form a steel ingot of a predetermined shape.
- Such a continuous forging machine 1 includes a ladle 2, a long nozzle 3, a tundish 4, a plurality of immersion nozzles 5, and a plurality of molds 6.
- FIG. 1 only one immersion nozzle 5 and one mold 6 are shown.
- the ladle 2 is a heat-resistant container into which molten steel is first introduced in continuous forging, and has an inlet 21 at the bottom.
- the long nozzle 3 is attached to the inlet 2 1 of the ladle 2 and is configured to discharge the molten steel stored in the ladle 2 into the tundish 4 from the nozzle lower end opening 3 1. .
- the tundish 4 is a heat-resistant container that is disposed below the long nozzle 3 and stores molten steel injected from the ladle 2 through the long nozzle 3. This tundish 4 is compatible with each mold 6 on the bottom. A plurality of inlets 41 are formed, and a flow rate adjuster (not shown) for adjusting the flow rate of the molten steel flowing out from the inlet 41 is provided inside the inlet 41.
- a flow rate adjuster (not shown) for adjusting the flow rate of the molten steel flowing out from the inlet 41 is provided inside the inlet 41.
- the immersion nozzle 5 is specifically described later, and is attached to the lower part of the injection port 41 in the tundish 4, and the molten steel in the tundish 4 is injected into the mold 6 through this nozzle.
- the mold 6 is a water-cooled vertical mold provided below the immersion nozzle 5.
- the mold 6 has a predetermined cross-sectional shape, and molten steel from the tundish 4 is continuously injected into the mold 6 through the immersion nozzle 5. With such a mold 6, the molten steel in the mold 6 is cooled, and a solidified shell is formed and grown from the inner peripheral surface side in the mold 6 to form solidified steel.
- a roller apron and a drawing roll for continuously drawing the steel formed in the mold 6 downward from the lower opening in the mold 6.
- the steel that has been continuously drawn from the inside of the mold 6 by being drawn by the drawing roll is cut into a predetermined length dimension (not shown) ) Is provided.
- a steel ingot having a predetermined shape such as a plate shape or a rod shape is formed.
- FIG. 2 is a side sectional view showing the immersion nozzle according to the present embodiment.
- Fig. 3 shows the blending amounts of refractory Zr 0 2 and FC used in the powder line part of the immersion nozzle.
- the immersion nozzle 5 includes a nozzle body 5 1 and a holder 5 2 that is attached to the lower part of the inlet 4 1 and holds the upper end of the nozzle body 5 1.
- the immersion nozzle 5 is used after being preheated by high frequency induction heating in a preheating process described later.
- the nozzle body 51 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape, and is provided with a bottom surface 51 11 that closes its lower end. In the vicinity of the bottom surface portion 5 11 of the side surface portion of the nozzle body 51, a pair of discharge ports 5 1 2 are provided so as to face each other. With such a nozzle body 51, the molten steel flowing from the upper end opening of the nozzle body 51 is discharged into the mold 6 through the pair of discharge ports 5 12.
- the nozzle body 5 1 is used with its lower end side immersed in molten steel in the mold 6.
- the two-dot chain line in Fig. 2 shows the slag line S.
- the nozzle body 51 When the nozzle body 51 is immersed in the molten steel, it contacts the mold powder below the slag line S on the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle body 51 (powder thickness is about 10 mm). Furthermore, the lower side of the mold powder is immersed in the molten steel. In the case of preheating failure, cracks may occur on the upper side of the powder line S.
- Such a nozzle body 51 has a powder line part 5 1 3 above the discharge port 5 1 2 on the outer peripheral part.
- the other parts have a two-layer structure made of different refractories.
- the refractory that forms the powder line part 5 1 3, as shown in area A and area B in Fig. 3, is Zr 0 2 : 70 mass% or more, and FC (free carbon): 30 mass % Or less.
- the refractory forming the powder line part 5 1 3 is composed of Zr 0 2 : 70 mass% or more, graphite containing FC: 20 mass% or less, as shown by region A in FIG. r ⁇ 10% by mass of balance including stabilizing material that stabilizes 2
- the following may be comprised.
- Z R_ ⁇ 2 upper limit of the content is not particularly defined, 1 0 0 is less than mass% may also FC (free carbon> lower limit of the content is also not particularly defined, 0 mass Further, the lower limit of the balance including the stabilizing material is not particularly specified, and may be more than 0 mass%.
- Parts other than the powder line part 5 1 3 in the nozzle body 5 1 are formed of a refractory material such as A 1 2 0 3 S i O 2 1 C or A 1 2 O 3 1 C, for example.
- the refractory material used in parts other than the powder line section 5 1 3 is not limited to this, and is a material that can provide excellent fire resistance and low melt wettability to the molten steel flowing through the nozzle body 5 1. Any of them can be adopted.
- FIG. 4 is a side sectional view showing the preheating device with the immersion nozzle attached.
- 7 is a preheating device, and this preheating device 7 preheats the immersion nozzle 5 by high frequency induction heating.
- a preheating device 7 includes a heat-resistant container 7 1, an outer coil 7 2, an inner coil 7 3, and an induced current applying device (not shown).
- the outer coil 72 is an induction heating coil confiscated inside the heat-resistant container 71, and is configured to be able to accommodate from the lower end of the nozzle body 51 to the upper part of the middle part on the inner peripheral side of the coil. .
- the inner coil 7 3 is an induction heating coil similar to the outer coil 7 2, and is configured to be inserted inside from the upper opening of the nozzle body 5 1.
- the induction current application device includes the outer coil 7 2 and the inner coil 7 2. 7 3 each This is a device that applies a high-frequency induced current.
- the continuous forging method according to this embodiment will be described using an example in which the continuous forging machine 1 and the preheating device 7 configured as described above are used.
- the continuous forging method of the present embodiment includes a preheating step, a forging step, a drawing step, and a steel ingot forming step.
- a preheating device 7 shown in FIG. 4 is used to preheat the immersion nozzle 5 by high frequency induction. Specifically, first, the preheating device 7 is set with respect to the immersion nozzle 5 removed from the tundish 4. In this set state, the nozzle body 51 is accommodated in the outer coil 72, and the inner coil 73 is inserted into the inside from the upper opening of the nozzle body 51. Then, an induced current is applied to the outer coil 72 and the inner coil 73 by an induced current application device. As a result, a high-density eddy current is generated in the vicinity of FC included in the nozzle body 51, generating large Joule heat, and the entire nozzle body 51 is heated uniformly.
- the temperature of the nozzle body 5 1 reaches 100 ° C. or more in a heating time of about 0.5 to 2 hours, for example.
- a heating time of about 0.5 to 2 hours, for example.
- the nozzle body 5 1 is heated to 1 100 ° C or higher, and when heated with a burner 1 0 0 (see Fig. 5) as in the past, a maximum of 5 0 0 ° ( ⁇ 6
- high-frequency induction heating can only produce a maximum temperature difference of about 300 ° C between each part.
- molten steel is forged using the continuous forging machine 1 shown in Fig. 1.
- dip the immersion nozzle 5 preheated in the preheating process After installing in the inlet 4 1 of the 4th, introduce molten steel into the ladle 2. This molten steel flows from the ladle 2 into the tundish 4 through the long nozzle 3 and is rectified in the tundish 4. After that, the rectified molten steel is injected into the mold 6 through the immersion nozzle 5 while adjusting the outflow amount with a flow rate adjuster (illustrated), and a constant molten metal level is maintained in the mold 6. .
- a flow rate adjuster illustrated
- the nozzle body 5 1 is uniformly preheated in the preheating process, so the thermal shock received by the immersion nozzle 5 from the molten steel is alleviated, and there is no problem such as cracking. Occurrence can be prevented. And since the powder line part 5 1 3 is formed of a refractory material containing Z r 0 2 and FC in the above range, it has high corrosion resistance against the mold powder, and according to the mold powder. Melting damage can be suppressed.
- the mold powder erodes inside the pores and prevents crystal grains in the refractory from falling into the mold powder. it can. Therefore, the durability of the immersion nozzle 5 can be improved.
- the steel that has been cooled and solidified in the mold 6 is continuously drawn downward by means of a roller apron (not shown) and a drawing port.
- the steel drawn by the drawing roll is cut into a predetermined length by a cutting machine to continuously form pieces having a predetermined shape.
- the long nozzle 3 and the tundish 4 are preheated in addition to the immersion nozzle 5.
- preheating was performed without the immersion nozzle 5 being attached to the tundish 4, but preheating was performed with the immersion nozzle 5 being attached to the tundish 4. May be.
- Immersion nozzles A plurality of immersion nozzles similar to the immersion nozzle 5 of the above embodiment shown in FIG. 2 were prepared.
- the nozzle body 51 has a maximum outer diameter of ⁇ 140 mm, an inner diameter of ⁇ 80 mm, and a length of 700 mm.
- Refractory composition The composition of the refractory forming each powder line part 5 1 3 includes the composition shown in each plot in Fig. 3, including those shown in Table 1 below.
- Forming method After kneading refractory aggregate and scaly graphite together with a binder, pour the kneaded material (yes earth) into a nozzle-shaped rubber mold. If different materials are to be poured, insert a rubber mold so that it does not get mixed. Then, it is hardened by applying a high pressure (50 to 10 OMPa) with a wet CIP molding method. After taking out the molded product from the frame, firing is performed at a high temperature of 100 0 ⁇ or more in a reducing atmosphere. After cooling, it is processed to the required dimensions, applied with antioxidants, and then used in actual equipment.
- a high pressure 50 to 10 OMPa
- 'Preheater Same as preheater 7 shown in Fig.4. Use an outer coil 7 2 with a diameter of 200 mm and a length of 500 mm, and an inner coil 7 3 with a diameter of 70 mm and a length of 300 mm. did.
- the outer coil 7 2 was applied with an induction current having a frequency of 30 kHz, a current of 20 A, and a power of 15 kW.
- An inductive current having a frequency of 37 kHz, a current of 200 A, and a power of 12 kW was applied to the inner coil 73.
- 'Preheater Preheated using the burner 1 0 0 shown in Fig. 5.
- a burner 1 0 0 is inserted into the inside from the upper end opening of the immersion nozzle 5 and sprayed with combustion gas.
- Forging method Same as the forging process in the above embodiment. Specifically, after each submerged nozzle 5 is preheated alone, it is attached to each tundish 4, and forging starts 5 minutes after the end of preheating. It was.
- Table 1 also shows the results of the forging experiment (melting rate index, trouble occurrence index) for the immersion nozzles 5 of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- Example 1 when the rate of erosion of Comparative Example 1 (the amount of erosion of the powder line part 5 1 3 due to forging was divided by the operating time) was 1 0 0 The melting rate for ⁇ 6 and Comparative Example 2 is indexed.
- Trouble occurrence index Trouble occurrence for Example 1 when the trouble occurrence rate for Comparative Example 1 (ratio between the number of times of forging and the number of occurrences of defects such as breakage or cracking) is 100 The rate is an index.
- Examples 1 and 2 differ in that the preheating method is high frequency induction heating (IH), and comparative examples 1 and 2 are heating by a burner.
- IH high frequency induction heating
- Example 1 when the erosion rate index is compared, Example 1 is 10% lower than Comparative Example 1, and Example 2 is about 9.5 compared to Comparative Example. % Is low. This is different from the case of preheating with a high frequency induction heating, unlike the case of preheating with a burner. This is presumably because the preheating is completed in a short time without using the soot, and the loss of C in the powder line part 5 1 3 is prevented.
- Example 1 is 85% lower than Comparative Example 1. This is presumably because each part of the nozzle body 51 was preheated more uniformly when preheated by high frequency induction heating than when preheated by a burner. As a result, it was found that it was difficult for the mold powder to melt and the frequency of occurrence of defects such as cracks at the start of fabrication could be significantly reduced. In other words, it was found that the durability of the immersion nozzle 5 can be improved.
- the powder line part 5 1 3 contains about 5% of CaO, and Z r
- the blending amount of O 2 is 75% by mass (Example 1), 82% by mass (Example 2).
- Example 3 88% by mass (Example 3) and 70% by mass (Example 6), with Example 3 being the highest ⁇ and Example 6 being the lowest.
- the blending amount of F C is 20% by mass (Example 1), 13% by mass (Example 2),
- Example 3 8 mass% (Example 3) and 26 mass% (Example 6).
- Example 3 is the lowest and Example 6 is the highest.
- Example 1 when comparing the erosion rate index, Example 1 is about 5% lower than Example 6, Example 2 is about 9% lower than Example 6, and Example 3 is The value is about 13% lower than Example 6. This is thought to be due to an increase in the corrosion resistance of the powder line portion 5 1 3 to the mold powder due to an increase in the proportion of Zr 0 2 with excellent corrosion resistance.
- the high thermal shock resistance of the powder line portion 5 13 can be obtained by setting the blending amount of FC to 30% by mass or less. Furthermore, it was found that the good thermal shock resistance of the powder line portion 5 13 can be maintained even when the blending amount of FC is 20% by mass or less.
- Example 3 As shown in Table 1, when Examples 3 and 4 and Example 5 are compared, the amount of Z r 0 2 contained in the powder line part 5 1 3 is 8 8 mass% (Example 3), 86 mass% (Example 4) and 85 mass% (Example 5). In addition, Examples 3 and 4 contain 4% Ca 0 and Mg O as stabilizers, respectively, and Example 5 does not contain any stabilizer.
- Example 3 is about 5% lower than Example 5, and Example 4 is about 7% lower than Example 5.
- the balance containing the stabilizing material is more than 10% by mass, the effect is exerted, but the proportion of ZrO 2 is relatively small and sufficient corrosion resistance to the mold powder is obtained. Since it becomes difficult to obtain, it is preferably 10% by mass or less.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and modifications, improvements and the like within the scope that can achieve the object of the present invention are included in the present invention.
- the composition of the powder line portion 5 13 is not limited to the composition of Examples 1 to 6, and any composition that falls within the region A in FIG. 3 and the basket is included in the present invention.
- the FC when FC is present in the refractory, the FC can be selectively heated by high-frequency induction heating, and the immersion nozzle can be preheated uniformly. For this reason, after preheating, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of defects such as cracks in the submerged nozzle at the start of forging, and it is possible to suppress melting damage due to slag in the portion that contacts the slag during the forging process. Therefore, the durability of the immersion nozzle can be improved.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN200780101795.3A CN101883647B (en) | 2007-12-05 | 2007-12-05 | Method of continuous casting |
KR1020107011538A KR20100080938A (en) | 2007-12-05 | 2007-12-05 | Immersion nozzle and method of continuous casting |
PCT/JP2007/073899 WO2009072216A1 (en) | 2007-12-05 | 2007-12-05 | Immersion nozzle and method of continuous casting |
BRPI0722253-0A2A BRPI0722253A2 (en) | 2007-12-05 | 2007-12-05 | IMMERSION NOZZLE AND CONTINUOUS LANGUAGE METHOD |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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PCT/JP2007/073899 WO2009072216A1 (en) | 2007-12-05 | 2007-12-05 | Immersion nozzle and method of continuous casting |
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WO2009072216A1 true WO2009072216A1 (en) | 2009-06-11 |
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PCT/JP2007/073899 WO2009072216A1 (en) | 2007-12-05 | 2007-12-05 | Immersion nozzle and method of continuous casting |
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KR (1) | KR20100080938A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101883647B (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0722253A2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009072216A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
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JP7071605B1 (en) | 2022-03-02 | 2022-05-19 | 黒崎播磨株式会社 | Refractory and refractory members for continuous casting |
US20230001472A1 (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2023-01-05 | Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg | An exchangeable nozzle for a nozzle changer system, a method for manufacturing such a nozzle, a nozzle changer system comprising such a nozzle and a tundish comprising such a nozzle changer system |
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- 2007-12-05 WO PCT/JP2007/073899 patent/WO2009072216A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-12-05 CN CN200780101795.3A patent/CN101883647B/en active Active
- 2007-12-05 BR BRPI0722253-0A2A patent/BRPI0722253A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 2007-12-05 KR KR1020107011538A patent/KR20100080938A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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JPS6352986B2 (en) * | 1978-05-29 | 1988-10-20 | Toshiba Ceramics Co | |
JPH04100661A (en) * | 1990-08-21 | 1992-04-02 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Upper nozzle for continuous casting |
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US20230001472A1 (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2023-01-05 | Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg | An exchangeable nozzle for a nozzle changer system, a method for manufacturing such a nozzle, a nozzle changer system comprising such a nozzle and a tundish comprising such a nozzle changer system |
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WO2023167008A1 (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2023-09-07 | 黒崎播磨株式会社 | Refractory product for use in continuous casting, and refractory product member |
JP2023128028A (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2023-09-14 | 黒崎播磨株式会社 | Refractory for continuous casting and refractory member |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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BRPI0722253A2 (en) | 2014-04-08 |
CN101883647A (en) | 2010-11-10 |
CN101883647B (en) | 2013-06-12 |
KR20100080938A (en) | 2010-07-13 |
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