WO2009070941A1 - Integrated biomass fuel gas generating system - Google Patents
Integrated biomass fuel gas generating system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009070941A1 WO2009070941A1 PCT/CN2007/071193 CN2007071193W WO2009070941A1 WO 2009070941 A1 WO2009070941 A1 WO 2009070941A1 CN 2007071193 W CN2007071193 W CN 2007071193W WO 2009070941 A1 WO2009070941 A1 WO 2009070941A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- biomass
- water
- ash
- air
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/463—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension in stationary fluidised beds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/02—Dust removal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
- C10J2200/158—Screws
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a system for converting biomass to gas. Background technique
- Biomass energy like solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, and geothermal energy, has little impact on the environment during production and use. At the same time, it is an inexhaustible renewable energy source, so it is increasingly valued by humans. However, humans really use biomass energy for a short period of time and lack of experience. There are cognitive misunderstandings about the use of biomass energy. For example, some people think that the larger the investment in biomass energy projects, the better the economic benefits, and the neglect of the characteristics of biomass resources. In fact, the development of distributed medium and small biomass energy projects is far more reasonable than the centralized development of large-scale projects. On the other hand, some of the early construction of biomass energy projects were not well thought out due to design considerations, imperfect processes, shortage of biomass raw materials during operation, unstable system operation, high operational intensity, secondary pollution, etc., which affected Many people invest in the confidence of biomass energy projects.
- biomass energy utilization project provides enterprises with the energy needed for production development while rationally disposing of waste biomass materials. How to gasify agricultural and forest waste biomass for gas re-industrialization has always been a problem that people are looking forward to. There have been various attempts before:
- An invention patent application with the application number 200610017108. 7 discloses a two-stage biomass gasification furnace.
- the basic principles and models of this gasifier have appeared almost 100 years ago. They were widely used during the Second World War.
- the use of gasifiers to convert biomass into gas during biomass utilization is only The most basic first step, and the customer's most concern is how to treat biomass gas to meet industrial standards, and how to deal with environmental issues related to sewage, wet ash, and odor generated during gas processing.
- this patent only briefly discusses the principle of the gasifier, simply mentions the calorific value and output of the gas, but lacks the theoretical basis. How to use the biomass gas after it is generated from the gasifier, whether it needs to be cooled, cleaned, de-focused They are all owed.
- the patent number is 200510043836.
- the invention name is a low tar biomass gasification method and apparatus, which clarifies that the two processes of thermal cracking and gasification are separately performed, thereby reducing the tar content of the biomass gas.
- the patent literature does not specify the specific data of the tar content of the "low" tar biomass gas. The method of cooling and cleaning the gas is not described, but only the gas cooler.
- the invention separates the thermal cracking from the gasification process, and additionally increases the external heat source, oxidant and the like of the pyrolyzer, which undoubtedly compromises its economy and reliability.
- the patent does not specify the scale of its use. If the output power should not exceed 50 kW according to the feed rate mentioned in the patent, the patent can be said to be a model in the experimental stage, and it is impossible to carry out industrial production and commercial operation. .
- the raw materials used are not 100% biomass energy, and some coal powder needs to be added as raw materials;
- the present invention provides a system for comprehensively solving a system problem arising from a biomass gas generation integration process, and providing a safe and environmentally friendly gas biomass gas generation integrated system.
- the biomass gas generating integrated system of the present invention is characterized in that: the system is sequentially connected with a raw material feeding system, a gas generating system, a dust removing system, a cooling cleaning system, and an electrostatic discharge according to a gas generation and processing sequence.
- the raw material feeding system comprises a small silo which is contracted into a conical mouth at a lower portion, and the bottom of the small silo is docked with the lower hopper through a switchable lower material inlet plate, and the bottom of the small hopper is connected with the feeding screw device, and the feeding screw device is connected. Connection to the gas generation system prevents tempering.
- the gas generating system comprises a gas generating furnace, wherein a gas inlet furnace has a feeding port connected to the feeding screw device, a bottom portion connected to the blower through the air distribution plate, and a gas passage opening at the top.
- the lower end of the gas generator is provided with a ash discharge port, and the ash discharge port is connected with the ash screw device.
- the dust removal system includes a cyclone duster connected to the gas passage port, and the bottom of the cyclone dust collector is connected with the water cooling blower through the ash discharge pipe, and an air preheater is arranged outside the cyclone dust collector, and the air preheater and the cyclone dust collector form a heat for the air.
- the air outlet at the bottom of the air preheater is connected to the air inlet of the blower described above.
- the cooling cleaning system comprises two stages of spray cooling chambers arranged in sequence, the first stage spray cooling chamber is provided with a partition for increasing the gas circulation passage, the spray cooling indoor wall and the top are provided with a shower head, and the second stage is sprayed.
- the inlet of the shower cooling chamber is provided with a wide and narrow turbulent cleaning chamber, and a sprinkler is arranged at the top of the turbulent cleaning chamber.
- the drain pipe at the bottom of the two-stage spray cooling chamber is connected with the water sealing pool, and the water sealing pool is provided with The oil compartment is connected with the filter tank of the fender, and the other end of the filter tank is connected with a circulating pool.
- the water in the circulating pool is processed by the heat exchanger and sent to the spray cooling chamber.
- the water seal pool, the filter tank and the bottom of the circulating pool pass through.
- the ash discharge valve is connected to the ash discharge screw.
- a filtering device is arranged at the lower end of the ash outlet of the ash discharging screw device, and the filtered wet ash is sent to the drum dryer, and the dried ash enters the raw material feeding system, and the filtered water is sent to the circulating pool.
- the electrostatic decoking system comprises a cylinder body, and a gas inlet connected to the cooling cleaning system is arranged at the bottom, a plurality of air distribution plates are arranged on the upper part of the gas inlet in the cylinder body, and a high-voltage electrostatic decoking device is arranged on the air distribution plate, the gas outlet And an explosion-proof safety door is disposed on an upper portion of the cylinder, wherein the high-voltage electrostatic decoking device comprises an insulating porcelain bottle fixed on the top of the cylinder body, and a plurality of vertically suspended electrode wires connected to the insulating porcelain bottle, each of the wire wires being fixed in the positioning. In the focus tube on the orifice plate.
- the voltage stabilizing system is connected to the electrostatic decoking system through a Roots blower, and the voltage stabilizing system comprises a voltage stabilizing water tower and a safety water seal connected thereto, wherein the voltage regulating water tower comprises a gas inlet connected with the electrostatic decoking system, and the safe water a balanced passage for sealing connection, a gas outlet for supplying clean gas at the top, and a drain port provided at the bottom and connected with a drain valve, the safety water seal includes a tank body having a drain tube at the top, and one end of the tank body It is connected with the stabilized water tower, and the other end opening is downwardly arranged in the elbow in the tank body.
- the horizontal plane of the tank body is higher than the lower end of the elbow, and the open end of the emptying tube is provided with an electronic ignition device.
- the invention also includes a monitoring system comprising a temperature/pressure control device disposed in the gas generating system, the dust removing system, the cooling cleaning system, the electrostatic decoking system and the voltage stabilizing system, and the gas oxygen content in the electrostatic decoking system Control device, gas calorific value control set in the voltage regulator system.
- a monitoring system comprising a temperature/pressure control device disposed in the gas generating system, the dust removing system, the cooling cleaning system, the electrostatic decoking system and the voltage stabilizing system, and the gas oxygen content in the electrostatic decoking system Control device, gas calorific value control set in the voltage regulator system.
- the present invention provides a complete technical solution for the generation and processing of biomass gas. Compared with the prior patent technology, the description has the following characteristics:
- the sewage treatment tank is placed overhead, and the wet ash is discharged through the bottom drain valve, which is easy to clean;
- the sewage is completely recycled after being settled, filtered, and heat-exchanged, and there is no external discharge;
- the wet ash is re-vaporized after being precipitated, filtered and dried, and is not disposed of;
- Figure 1 is a general flow diagram of the system of the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a structural diagram of a raw material feeding system, a gas generating system, and a dust removing system.
- Figure 3 is a structural diagram of the cooling and cleaning system.
- Figure 4 is a structural diagram of an electrostatic decoking system.
- Figure 5 shows the structure of the voltage regulator system.
- FIG. 6 Schematic diagram of the monitoring system.
- the biomass material used in the system of the invention can be directly used for granular or powdery biomass with a size of ⁇ 20 mm, such as rice husk, peanut shell, wood chips, etc.; the bulk and strip biomass needs to be pulverized before use.
- granular or powdery biomass with a size of ⁇ 20 mm, such as rice husk, peanut shell, wood chips, etc.
- the bulk and strip biomass needs to be pulverized before use.
- the raw material consumption and gas production of the present invention vary depending on the specific conditions of the biomass raw materials used.
- the consumption of common biomass raw materials such as rice husk, straw or sawdust in a naturally air-dried state is 1. 5 ⁇ 2. 1 ton / hour, gas production > 3600 cubic meters (standard) / hour, gas calorific value range 500CT7500 kJ/m3 (standard), gas temperature ⁇ 60 degrees Celsius, gas pressure ⁇ 1 Rice water column, gas tar content ⁇ 20 mg / m3 (standard), the maximum power of the device ⁇ 100 kW, standard operating state power 50 ⁇ 80 kW.
- the device of the invention is used in conjunction with a gas generator set to generate an electrical energy output of 1200 kWh.
- the biomass gas generation integrated system is sequentially connected with a raw material feeding system 10, a gas generating system 20, a dust removing system 30, a cooling cleaning system 40, an electrostatic decoking system 50, and a steady state in the order of gas generation and processing.
- Pressure system 60 The biomass gas generation and treatment process is: the biomass raw material enters into the gas generating system 20 through the raw material feeding system 10 and is vaporized into biomass gas by high temperature, and the gas is then removed by the dust removing system 30 and then enters the gas cooling cleaning system 40, and is sprayed.
- the cooling and rinsing of the shower water achieves the purpose of cooling and cleaning the gas.
- the cooled and cleaned gas enters the high-voltage electrostatic decoking system 50, and the tar particles in the gas are adsorbed and removed under the action of the high-voltage electromagnetic field to achieve the removal of the gas tar particles.
- the high-frequency electrostatic decoking gas passes through the Roots blower and enters the stabilizing system 60, thereby providing clean and high-quality gas for production or power generation purposes.
- the raw material feeding system is shown in the left part of Fig. 2.
- the raw material feeding system 10 of the present invention is composed of a small silo 11, a lower hopper 12, and a feed spiral 13, and the raw material feeding system 10 ensures that the gas generating furnace maintains the sealed state in the furnace during feeding, and also prevents the furnace from being shut down. Tempering "causes a silo fire.
- the small silo 11 is square, the bottom is conically constricted, the top is provided with a feed port 112, the bottom is square and the valve is provided with a discharge port 111, and the lower feed port 111 is connected to the lower hopper 12 through the switchable insert plate 113.
- the lower hopper 12 is connected to the feed screw 13, and the feed screw 13 is connected to the gas generating system 20.
- the biomass feedstock is conveyed to the small silo 11 and then to the lower hopper 12 via the discharge port 111 and finally to the gas generating system 20 by the feed screw 13.
- the sealing action of the feed screw 13 ensures the sealed state in the furnace when the raw material enters the gas generator; after the furnace is stopped, the insert plate 113 of the lower feed port 112 is closed, and the lower hopper 12 and the feed screw 13 are emptied, and the lower
- the hopper 12 is separated from the gas generating furnace, so that the small silo 11 does not catch fire, and at the same time, the sealing of the gas generating furnace is ensured, in order to avoid the danger of excessive pressure, small materials
- a pressure relief pipe 114 is provided at the top of the tank 11.
- the small silo 11 has an effective volume of about 15 cubic meters, and can store about 3 tons of biomass raw material
- the feeding system has a conveying capacity of 0. 5 to 3 tons per hour, and is equipped with a speed regulating motor to adjust the feeding speed. .
- the gas generation system is shown in the middle section of Figure 2.
- the gas generating system 20 includes a fluidized bed gas generating furnace 21, which is a cylindrical hollow furnace body, and the bottom is an inverted round table with a large upper and a lower.
- the furnace is made up of inner and outer parts: heavy refractory brick, light refractory brick, thermal insulation pouring material and outer wall of the barrel; the top of the furnace is composed of thermal insulation pouring material and top cover.
- the bottom air inlet 22 of the fluidized bed gas generator 21 has a wind deflecting plate 23, and is connected to the air blower 24 through the air distributing plate 23, and the air is evenly distributed through the air distributing plate 23, and is injected into the gas generating furnace 21 at a high speed;
- the feed port 25 is connected to the feed screw 13 at a lower portion of the middle portion of the generator 21, and the biomass feedstock enters the gas generator 21 through the feed port 25.
- the biomass material In the fluidized state, the biomass material is burned in the high temperature furnace with oxygen in the air, and the biomass reacts with the oxygen in the air to generate carbon dioxide, and at the same time releases heat; on the other hand, due to the limited oxygen in the furnace, the biomass The carbon in the middle part which cannot be in contact with oxygen is reduced by carbon dioxide to form carbon monoxide, and the reduction reaction absorbs heat.
- the biomass feedstock and air are continuously oxidized (exothermic) in the gas generator to restore the chemical reaction equilibrium and heat balance in the furnace, and the biomass feedstock is reacted with air to form biomass gas.
- the oxidation-reduction reaction of biomass and oxygen is only one of the complex chemical reactions in the gas generator.
- the biomass feedstock contains water and the air also contains a small amount of water vapor
- the actual conditions in the gas generator are complicated. Much, the water becomes water vapor in the high temperature furnace and participates in the oxidation-reduction reaction between carbon and oxygen, and generates other combustible gases such as hydrogen, methyl hydrazine, and unsaturated hydrocarbons (CnHm). Therefore, in addition to carbon monoxide, the gas in the gasification furnace has hydrogen, formamidine, and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
- the percentage of biomass gas components varies depending on the type of raw material and the amount of water content.
- Table 1 shows the standard composition and calorific value of rice husk gas:
- Biomass feedstock is gasified into gas in a high temperature gas generator, and biomass feedstock becomes biomass ash.
- the biomass ash is out of balance from the original fluidized state due to the lighter mass, and enters the dust removal system 30 with the jet stream upstream along the gas outlet 26 at the top side of the furnace.
- the biomass feedstock enters the gas generator 21
- some of the larger particulate biomass feedstock or ash does not enter the dust removal system 30 with the gas, but sinks to the bottom of the gas generator 21 and enters the row through the bottom ash tube 27.
- the lower ash pipe 27 is connected to the ash discharge system 29 through the ash screw 28 to ensure the sealing state of the gas generator.
- the dust removal system is shown in the right part of Figure 2.
- the dust removal system 30 is composed of a two-stage cyclone dust collector 31.
- the first stage cyclone dust collector mainly removes the large mass and particle size ash entrained in the gas, and the second stage cyclone dust removal.
- the main purpose is to remove the ash from the gas with a smaller particle size and lighter weight.
- After the cyclone dust removal system 30, about 95% of the ash carried by the gas is separated from the gas and connected to the ash discharge system 29 through the water-cooling air blower 32 at the bottom, so that the gas system in the cyclone 31 can be sealed.
- An air preheater 33 is further disposed outside the cyclone 31.
- the air preheater 33 and the cyclone 31 form a cavity 34 for heat exchange between the air, an air outlet 35 at the bottom of the air preheater 33, and the air blower described above. 24 air inlet connection.
- the outside air enters from the top and exchanges heat with the high temperature gas in the air preheater 33, and the preheated air is sent to the gas generator 21 through the bottom blower, thereby improving the use efficiency of the heat energy.
- the first stage spray cooling chamber 41 functions mainly for cooling, and a partition 41 1 for increasing the gas flow passage is provided therein, and a pressure water tank and a nozzle 43 are arranged on the top and the side of the cooling chamber side, and the gas is supplied by a large amount of spray water.
- the second stage spray cooling chamber 42 is mainly used for cleaning and water separation, and the second stage spray cooling chamber 42 includes two parts of a turbulent cleaning chamber 421 and a water dividing tank 422.
- the turbulent cleaning chamber 421 is provided with an upper width and a lower narrow structure, and is disposed at a connection with the first shower cooling chamber 41, because the high pressure spray water at the top thereof is intense in the pipeline.
- the water dividing tank 422 is a tank having a relatively large cross-sectional area, and the flow rate of the gas in the tank is lowered, and as the temperature is lowered, part of the water vapor in the gas condenses into a larger water droplet and Separated from the gas.
- the bottom of the two-stage spray cooling chamber has a cone shape and is connected to the water sealing tank 44 through a drain pipe. The drain pipe discharges the spray water in the gas processing tank, and the gas seal ensures the gas by the water seal. The sealing of the processing box.
- the spray water consumption of the whole gas cooling and cleaning process is 80 cubic meters per hour, and the temperature difference of the spray water before and after the gas cooling cleaning is about 10 ° C.
- the gas temperature is ⁇ 60 ° C. Most of the ash and impurities are cleaned except for a very small amount of tar particles that are difficult to remove by physical methods.
- the drain pipe at the bottom of the two-stage spray cooling chamber is connected to the water seal pool, and the water seal tank 44 is connected to the filter water tank 45 provided with the grease trap 451 and the fender 452, and the other end of the filter tank 45 is connected with the circulating water tank 46, and the circulation
- the water in the pool 46 is processed by the heat exchanger 47 and the cooling tower 471 and sent to the spray cooling chamber for recycling.
- the water sealing tank 44, the filtering water tank 45, and the bottom of the circulating water tank 46 are connected to the ash discharging screw device 49 through the ash discharging valve 48. The ash is discharged through the drain valve and then enters the filtering device 70 through the sewage spiral.
- the cleaned water filtered in the filtering device 70 is collected into the circulating water tank 71 and pumped back to the circulating water tank 46 for recycling.
- the dry ash remaining in the filtering device 70 is sent to the drum dryer 72 to be dried to a water content of ⁇ 25%, and then sent back to the raw material feeding system 10 and mixed with the biomass raw material to participate in the gasification reaction of the biomass raw material. .
- the electrostatic decoking system 50 is a cylindrical cylinder having the following structure:
- the cylindrical cylinder has a diameter of about 2. 2 meters and a height of about 8 meters.
- the bottom is provided with a gas inlet 51, a manhole 51 1 and a sewage outlet 512.
- the top is provided with an explosion-proof safety door 513, a gas outlet 514 and an inspection hole 515, and an inspection ventilation valve 516 in the middle.
- the focus tube 52 has a diameter of 273 mm, a total of 27 pieces, and the upper portion is uniformly distributed inside the barrel through the positioning hole plate 521, and a wire electrode 53 having a diameter of about 4 mm is disposed at the center of each of the focus tubes.
- the wire electrode 53 is suspended by a lifting eye 531, an adjustable hook 532, an insulating suspended porcelain bottle 533, and a pendant 536.
- Insulated through-wall electric porcelain bottle 533' and insulated suspension porcelain bottle 533 ensure that the high-voltage power supply will not be transmitted to the gas high-voltage electrostatic decoking device cylinder.
- Bottles 533, 533' are cleaned to prevent tar from adhering.
- the principle of decoking of biomass gas in high-voltage electrostatic decoking system is as follows: High-voltage power supply through insulation through-wall porcelain bottle 533 'The high-voltage electric conduction is guided to the electrode wire 53, and a high-voltage magnetic field is formed between the electrode wire 53 and the trapping tube 52. When the gas enters from the gas inlet 51 at the bottom of the device, the gas is evenly distributed into the trap 32 through the air distribution plate 54. The gas obtains sufficient energy under the action of the electromagnetic field to become free electrons and conduct electricity, and the tar particles in the gas are adsorbed by the charged particles.
- the tar falls on the bottom of the device by its own weight and is discharged through the drain port 512. After passing through the electromagnetic field of the trap tube, the gas is output from the gas outlet 514 at the top of the device.
- the high-voltage electrostatic decoking system of the device of the invention completely removes the tar particles in the gas by a high-voltage electromagnetic field of 35,000 volts or more, and the treated gas tar content is less than 20 mg/m3 (standard), which satisfies most of the current gas generator sets. Requirements for gas tar content.
- the voltage stabilizing system 60 is connected to the electrostatic decoking system 50 through the Roots blower 63.
- the Roots blower 63 is the power source of the entire gas system, and the gas system before the gas inlet of the Roots blower is in a negative pressure state.
- the regulator system 60 includes a regulated water dividing tower 61 and a safety water seal 62 connected thereto, and the regulated water dividing tower 61 serves to adjust the pressure of the gas system and the cyclone water separation.
- the pressure regulating water tower is a cylindrical shape having a diameter of 2.1 meters.
- the tank has a volume of about 12 cubic meters and a drain valve 611 at the bottom.
- the regulating water dividing tower 61 is connected to the safety water seal 62.
- the safety water seal 62 is provided with an elbow 621 whose one end is connected to the pressure regulating water tower 61 and whose other end is downwardly disposed in the tank body, and the tank horizontal plane is higher than the elbow
- the top of the safety water seal 62 is provided with an emptying pipe 622, and the top of the emptying pipe has a windproof casing 623, and the windproof casing is provided with an electronic ignition device, and the gas is ignited and then emptied when necessary.
- the safety water seal 62 is equipped with water level control valves 624 of different heights, and the pressure of the gas can be adjusted by the water level control valve 624. When the gas pressure is too high, the gas will break away from the water seal.
- the gas outlet in the regulated water dividing tower 61 is provided with a valve. When the calorific value of the system gas is stabilized, the valve can be opened to directly supply the gas to the gas generating unit 90 to generate electric energy.
- the monitoring system 80 of the present invention is controlled by temperature/pressure, gas oxygen content. Control, gas calorific value control, switch control, speed control motor speed control and other components.
- Temperature/pressure control The gas generating system 20, the dust removing system 30, the cooling cleaning system 40, the static decoking system 50 and the voltage stabilizing system 60 are provided with a plurality of monitoring points, respectively, and temperature/pressure probes are installed, and the collected data is summarized to Temperature and pressure inspection instrument 82, and then transmitted to the on-site monitoring computer 85; gas oxygen content control: The electrostatic decoking system is equipped with an oxygen content probe, when the oxygen content in the gas is higher than
- the Oxygen Content Monitor 83 immediately disconnects the high voltage power supply and activates an alarm.
- the oxygen content monitor transmits the oxygen content analysis result to the on-site monitoring computer through RS232 in real time;
- Gas calorific value control The voltage stabilization system 60 is equipped with an infrared gas sensor, which can be used for C0, H2, CH4, CnHm, etc. in the gas. Analyze and calculate the calorific value of the gas.
- the online calorific value monitoring device 84 controls the feed screw speed and the hearth blower air volume by the gas calorific value result.
- the gas calorific value data is transmitted to the on-site monitoring computer 85 in real time for analysis and preservation.
- the on-site monitoring computer 85 can monitor all operational data on the field monitoring computer through the Internet by installing the client remote monitoring software.
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Abstract
An integrated biomass fuel gas generation system, includes raw material feeding system (10), fuel gas generating system (20), dedusting system (30), cooling and washing system (40), electrostatic tar removal system (50) and pressure stabilizing system (60), all of which are sequentially connected according to fuel gas generating and processing order. Agricultural and forestry wastes, including stalk, rice hull and wood chip are transformed into low or medium caloric value biomass fuel gas by the technology of fluidized bed gasification and the obtained fuel gas is dedusted, cooled, washed and tar-removed sequentially, and clean biomass fuel gas is obtained. The system scale is decided according to the characteristics of the biomass materials. Rational use is thereby made of biomass energy and no secondary pollution to the environment is produced.
Description
生物质燃气发生集成*** 技术领域 Biomass gas generation integrated system
本发明涉及一种将生物质转化为燃气的***。 背景技术 The present invention relates to a system for converting biomass to gas. Background technique
环境保护与能源短缺是当今世界各国都面临的问题, 尤其一些较大经 济体, 如美国、 中国、 印度、 日本、 欧盟等, 形势更加严竣。 在传统技术 领域, 环境问题与能源问题尖锐对立: 一方面, 传统能源产品在生产与使 用的过程中对环境造成严重破坏; 另一方面, 经济的发展又不能没有稳定 可靠的能源供应。 人类在提防全球暧化而出现的各种自然灾害时, 又要排 队在油站等候越来越昂贵的石油产品。 为此, 各国近年来都在积极寻找替 代传统能源的新型环保能源。 Environmental protection and energy shortages are problems faced by all countries in the world today, especially in some large economies such as the United States, China, India, Japan, and the European Union. The situation is even more severe. In the traditional technology field, environmental issues are sharply opposed to energy issues: on the one hand, traditional energy products cause serious damage to the environment during production and use; on the other hand, economic development cannot be without a stable and reliable energy supply. When human beings are wary of the natural disasters that have occurred in the global degeneration, they have to queue up at the petrol station to wait for more and more expensive petroleum products. To this end, countries have been actively seeking new environmentally friendly energy sources that replace traditional energy sources in recent years.
生物质能与太阳能、 风能、 潮汐能、 地热能一样, 在生产和使用过程 中几乎不对环境造成影响, 同时又是一种取之不尽的可再生能源, 所以越 来越受到人类的重视。 但是人类真正利用生物质能时间很短, 经验缺乏, 对利用生物质能存在着认知误区: 比如有人认为生物质能源项目投资规模 越大经济效益越好, 忽视了生物质资源分散的特点, 其实发展分布式中、 小型生物质能源项目远比集中发展大型项目要合理。 另一方面, 一些早期 兴建的生物质能源项目因设计考虑不周, 工艺不完善, 在运行过程出现生 物质原料短缺、 ***运行不稳定、 操作强度大、 产生二次污染等问题, 以 致影响了许多人投资生物质能源项目的信心。 Biomass energy, like solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, and geothermal energy, has little impact on the environment during production and use. At the same time, it is an inexhaustible renewable energy source, so it is increasingly valued by humans. However, humans really use biomass energy for a short period of time and lack of experience. There are cognitive misunderstandings about the use of biomass energy. For example, some people think that the larger the investment in biomass energy projects, the better the economic benefits, and the neglect of the characteristics of biomass resources. In fact, the development of distributed medium and small biomass energy projects is far more reasonable than the centralized development of large-scale projects. On the other hand, some of the early construction of biomass energy projects were not well thought out due to design considerations, imperfect processes, shortage of biomass raw materials during operation, unstable system operation, high operational intensity, secondary pollution, etc., which affected Many people invest in the confidence of biomass energy projects.
一些较为常见的生物质原料, 如稻壳、 秸杆、 果壳、 蔗渣、 木屑等, 这些农、 林作物已经形成了大规模的工业化生产加工模式, 因此, 依托较 大规模的加工企业建设相应的生物质能源利用项目, 在合理处理废弃生物 质原料的同时, 又为企业提供了生产发展所需要的能源。
如何将农、 林废弃生物质进行气化得到燃气再工业化利用, 一直是人 们期待解决的问题, 之前也有做过各种尝试: Some of the more common biomass materials, such as rice husks, straw, husks, bagasse, sawdust, etc., have formed large-scale industrial production and processing models for these agricultural and forestry crops. Therefore, relying on large-scale processing enterprises to build corresponding The biomass energy utilization project provides enterprises with the energy needed for production development while rationally disposing of waste biomass materials. How to gasify agricultural and forest waste biomass for gas re-industrialization has always been a problem that people are looking forward to. There have been various attempts before:
像申请号为 200610017108. 7的发明专利申请, 揭示的是一种两段式生 物质气化炉。 这种气化炉的基本原理及模型差不多在一百多年前就已经出 现, 在第二次世界大战期间还曾广泛使用, 在生物质利用过程中使用气化 炉将生物质气化成燃气只是最基本的第一步, 而客户最关心的是如何对生 物质燃气进行处理, 使其达到可以工业利用标准, 以及如何处理燃气处理 过程中产生的污水、 湿灰、 气味等环保相关问题。 但该专利仅简单论述气 化炉原理, 简单提及燃气的热值、 产量等, 却缺乏理论依据, 对生物质燃 气从气化炉内产生后如何利用, 是否需要进行冷却、 清洗、 除焦则一律欠 奉。 An invention patent application with the application number 200610017108. 7 discloses a two-stage biomass gasification furnace. The basic principles and models of this gasifier have appeared almost 100 years ago. They were widely used during the Second World War. The use of gasifiers to convert biomass into gas during biomass utilization is only The most basic first step, and the customer's most concern is how to treat biomass gas to meet industrial standards, and how to deal with environmental issues related to sewage, wet ash, and odor generated during gas processing. However, this patent only briefly discusses the principle of the gasifier, simply mentions the calorific value and output of the gas, but lacks the theoretical basis. How to use the biomass gas after it is generated from the gasifier, whether it needs to be cooled, cleaned, de-focused They are all owed.
再如专利号为 200510043836. 0, 发明名称是一种低焦油生物质气化方 法和装置, 该专利阐明将热裂解和气化两个过程分开进行, 从而降低生物 质燃气的焦油含量。 但该专利文献中却没有明确其 "低"焦油生物质燃气 其焦油含量的具体数据, 对燃气的冷却清洁用何种方式进行没有说明, 只 是提到燃气冷却器。 另该发明为将热裂解与气化过程分开进行, 而额外增 加了热解器外热源, 氧化剂等条件, 这无疑对其经济性及可靠性大打折扣。 该专利没有说明其利用规模, 如果根据专利内容中所提及的进料速度, 其 输出功率应该不会大于 50kW, 因此该专利可以说一个处于试验阶段的模型, 根本无法进行工业生产与商业运作。 Further, the patent number is 200510043836. 0, the invention name is a low tar biomass gasification method and apparatus, which clarifies that the two processes of thermal cracking and gasification are separately performed, thereby reducing the tar content of the biomass gas. However, the patent literature does not specify the specific data of the tar content of the "low" tar biomass gas. The method of cooling and cleaning the gas is not described, but only the gas cooler. In addition, the invention separates the thermal cracking from the gasification process, and additionally increases the external heat source, oxidant and the like of the pyrolyzer, which undoubtedly compromises its economy and reliability. The patent does not specify the scale of its use. If the output power should not exceed 50 kW according to the feed rate mentioned in the patent, the patent can be said to be a model in the experimental stage, and it is impossible to carry out industrial production and commercial operation. .
上述的专利申请与现有的技术都或多或少地存在着以下问题或不足: The above patent application and the prior art have more or less the following problems or deficiencies:
1、 所用原料不是 100%的生物质能, 需要掺加部分煤粉作为原料;1. The raw materials used are not 100% biomass energy, and some coal powder needs to be added as raw materials;
2、 除生物质与空气外, 气化反应还需要其它添加剂或催化剂; 2. In addition to biomass and air, other additives or catalysts are required for gasification reactions;
3、 气化反应时需要外部热源; 3. An external heat source is required for the gasification reaction;
4、 纯理论或实验室产品, 暂时无法进行工业生产与商业运作; 4. Pure theoretical or laboratory products, temporarily unable to carry out industrial production and commercial operations;
5、 缺乏关键数据, 如原料消耗量, 燃气产量, 燃气性质等;
6、 缺乏设备的具体结构与形状, 难以制造; 5. Lack of key data, such as raw material consumption, gas production, gas properties, etc.; 6. Lack of specific structure and shape of equipment, difficult to manufacture;
7、 局限于某些工艺领域, 缺乏整体考虑; 7. Limited to certain process areas, lacking overall considerations;
8、 配套大面积污水池, 湿灰清理困难, 对环境也有影响; 8. Supporting large-area sewage pools, it is difficult to clean wet ash, and it also has an impact on the environment;
9、 对湿灰、 焦油、 污水、 异味等环保问题无具体应对措施。 发明内容 9. There is no specific response to environmental problems such as wet ash, tar, sewage, and odor. Summary of the invention
针对以上不足, 本发明提供的是一种全面解决生物质燃气发生集成过 程所产生的一***问题, 提供安全环保的燃气的生物质燃气发生集成***。 In view of the above deficiencies, the present invention provides a system for comprehensively solving a system problem arising from a biomass gas generation integration process, and providing a safe and environmentally friendly gas biomass gas generation integrated system.
为达到以上目的, 本发明的这种生物质燃气发生集成***, 其特征在 于: 该***按燃气发生和处理顺序依次连接有原料进料***、 燃气发生系 统、 除尘***、 冷却清洗***、 静电除焦***、 稳压***, 其中, 冷却清 洗***、 原料进料***还与循环水处理***连接。 In order to achieve the above object, the biomass gas generating integrated system of the present invention is characterized in that: the system is sequentially connected with a raw material feeding system, a gas generating system, a dust removing system, a cooling cleaning system, and an electrostatic discharge according to a gas generation and processing sequence. The coke system and the voltage stabilization system, wherein the cooling cleaning system and the raw material feeding system are also connected to the circulating water treatment system.
所述原料进料***包括下部收缩成锥形口的小料仓, 小料仓底部通过 可开关的下料口插板与下料斗对接, 小料斗底部与进料螺旋装置连接, 进 料螺旋装置与燃气发生***连接,可防止回火发生危险。 The raw material feeding system comprises a small silo which is contracted into a conical mouth at a lower portion, and the bottom of the small silo is docked with the lower hopper through a switchable lower material inlet plate, and the bottom of the small hopper is connected with the feeding screw device, and the feeding screw device is connected. Connection to the gas generation system prevents tempering.
燃气发生***包括燃气发生炉, 其中燃气发生炉下部设有进料口并与 进料螺旋装置连接, 底部隔着布风板与鼓风机连接, 顶部设有燃气通道口。 燃气发生炉下端设有排灰口, 排灰口与出灰螺旋装置连接。 The gas generating system comprises a gas generating furnace, wherein a gas inlet furnace has a feeding port connected to the feeding screw device, a bottom portion connected to the blower through the air distribution plate, and a gas passage opening at the top. The lower end of the gas generator is provided with a ash discharge port, and the ash discharge port is connected with the ash screw device.
除尘***包括与燃气通道口连接的旋风除尘器, 旋风除尘器底部通过 排灰管与水冷关风机连接, 旋风除尘器外设有空气预热器, 空气预热器与 旋风除尘器形成供空气热交换的腔体, 空气预热器底部的出风口与以上所 述的鼓风机的进风口连接。 The dust removal system includes a cyclone duster connected to the gas passage port, and the bottom of the cyclone dust collector is connected with the water cooling blower through the ash discharge pipe, and an air preheater is arranged outside the cyclone dust collector, and the air preheater and the cyclone dust collector form a heat for the air. In the exchanged cavity, the air outlet at the bottom of the air preheater is connected to the air inlet of the blower described above.
冷却清洗***包括两级依次排列的喷淋冷却室, 第一级喷淋冷却室设 有用于增加燃气流通通道的隔板, 喷淋冷却室内壁和顶部设有喷淋头, 在 第二级喷淋冷却室的入口处设有上宽下窄的湍流清洗室, 湍流清洗室顶部 设有喷淋头, 两级喷淋冷却室底部的排水管与水封池连接, 水封池与设有
隔油室和挡泥板的过滤水槽连接, 过滤水槽另一端连接有循环水池, 循环 水池中的水经热交换器处理后输送至喷淋冷却室, 水封池、 过滤水槽、 循 环水池底部通过排灰阀与排灰螺旋装置连接。 The cooling cleaning system comprises two stages of spray cooling chambers arranged in sequence, the first stage spray cooling chamber is provided with a partition for increasing the gas circulation passage, the spray cooling indoor wall and the top are provided with a shower head, and the second stage is sprayed. The inlet of the shower cooling chamber is provided with a wide and narrow turbulent cleaning chamber, and a sprinkler is arranged at the top of the turbulent cleaning chamber. The drain pipe at the bottom of the two-stage spray cooling chamber is connected with the water sealing pool, and the water sealing pool is provided with The oil compartment is connected with the filter tank of the fender, and the other end of the filter tank is connected with a circulating pool. The water in the circulating pool is processed by the heat exchanger and sent to the spray cooling chamber. The water seal pool, the filter tank and the bottom of the circulating pool pass through. The ash discharge valve is connected to the ash discharge screw.
排灰螺旋装置的出灰口下端设有过滤装置, 过滤的湿灰送往滚筒干燥 机,干燥后的灰渣进入原料进料***,过滤的水分送往循环水池。 A filtering device is arranged at the lower end of the ash outlet of the ash discharging screw device, and the filtered wet ash is sent to the drum dryer, and the dried ash enters the raw material feeding system, and the filtered water is sent to the circulating pool.
静电除焦***包括一筒体, 底部设有与冷却清洗***连接的燃气入口, 在筒体内的燃气入口上部设有若干层布风板, 布风板上部设有高压静电除 焦装置, 燃气出口和防爆安全门设于筒体的上部, 所述的高压静电除焦装 置包括固定于筒体顶部的绝缘瓷瓶, 与绝缘瓷瓶连接的若干垂直悬吊的电 极丝, 每根电极丝穿行于固定在定位孔板上的捕焦管中。 The electrostatic decoking system comprises a cylinder body, and a gas inlet connected to the cooling cleaning system is arranged at the bottom, a plurality of air distribution plates are arranged on the upper part of the gas inlet in the cylinder body, and a high-voltage electrostatic decoking device is arranged on the air distribution plate, the gas outlet And an explosion-proof safety door is disposed on an upper portion of the cylinder, wherein the high-voltage electrostatic decoking device comprises an insulating porcelain bottle fixed on the top of the cylinder body, and a plurality of vertically suspended electrode wires connected to the insulating porcelain bottle, each of the wire wires being fixed in the positioning. In the focus tube on the orifice plate.
稳压***通过罗茨风机与静电除焦***连接, 稳压***包括稳压分水 塔和与之连接的安全水封, 其中稳压分水塔包括与静电除焦***连接的燃 气进口, 与安全水封连接的平衡通道, 设于顶部的供应清洁燃气的燃气出 口和设于底部并连接有排水阀的排水口, 安全水封包括顶部设有排空管的 罐体, 罐体上还设有一端与稳压分水塔连接, 另一端开口向下设于罐体中 的弯管, 罐体水平面高于弯管的下端, 排空管开口端设有电子打火装置。 The voltage stabilizing system is connected to the electrostatic decoking system through a Roots blower, and the voltage stabilizing system comprises a voltage stabilizing water tower and a safety water seal connected thereto, wherein the voltage regulating water tower comprises a gas inlet connected with the electrostatic decoking system, and the safe water a balanced passage for sealing connection, a gas outlet for supplying clean gas at the top, and a drain port provided at the bottom and connected with a drain valve, the safety water seal includes a tank body having a drain tube at the top, and one end of the tank body It is connected with the stabilized water tower, and the other end opening is downwardly arranged in the elbow in the tank body. The horizontal plane of the tank body is higher than the lower end of the elbow, and the open end of the emptying tube is provided with an electronic ignition device.
本发明还包括监测***, 监测***包括设于燃气发生***、 除尘***、 冷却清洗***、 静电除焦***和稳压***中的温度 /压力控制装置, 设于静 电除焦***中的燃气氧含量控制装置, 设于稳压***中的燃气热值控制。 The invention also includes a monitoring system comprising a temperature/pressure control device disposed in the gas generating system, the dust removing system, the cooling cleaning system, the electrostatic decoking system and the voltage stabilizing system, and the gas oxygen content in the electrostatic decoking system Control device, gas calorific value control set in the voltage regulator system.
相对上述发明所存在的问题及不足, 本发明提供的是一种生物质燃气 发生及处理的完整技术解决方案, 同现有专利技术相比, 本说明具有以下 特点: Compared with the problems and deficiencies of the above invention, the present invention provides a complete technical solution for the generation and processing of biomass gas. Compared with the prior patent technology, the description has the following characteristics:
1、 采用 100%生物质作为原料, 除空气外不需任何添加剂或催化剂; 1. Using 100% biomass as raw material, no additives or catalysts are required except air;
2、 气化反应时不需外部热源, 反应热源由生物质原料自身提供;2. No external heat source is required for the gasification reaction, and the reaction heat source is provided by the biomass raw material itself;
3、 可以实施工业化生产与商业运作, 并有较高经济效益; 3. It can implement industrial production and commercial operation, and has high economic benefits;
4、 除简单设备基础外不需要其它土建配合工程;
5、 通过高压静电磁场对燃气中焦油彻底清洁; 4. No other civil engineering cooperation projects are required except for the simple equipment foundation; 5. Thoroughly clean the tar in the gas by a high-voltage electrostatic magnetic field;
6、 提供关键数据及理论分析, 如原料需求量, 燃气产量, 燃气性质; 6. Provide key data and theoretical analysis, such as raw material demand, gas production, and gas properties;
7、 采用标准模块结构, 产品结合功能、 运输、 安装全面考虑; 7. Adopt standard module structure, comprehensive consideration of product combination function, transportation and installation;
8、 全面解决方案, 涵盖原料输入、 燃气发生、 燃气除尘、 燃气冷却、 燃气清洗、 燃气除焦、 三态 (固一液一气) 废弃物处理等; 8. Comprehensive solution covering raw material input, gas generation, gas dedusting, gas cooling, gas cleaning, gas decoking, tri-state (solid-liquid-gas) waste treatment, etc.
9、 污水处理箱架空放置, 湿灰经底部排污阀排出, 清理操作容易; 9. The sewage treatment tank is placed overhead, and the wet ash is discharged through the bottom drain valve, which is easy to clean;
10、 污水经沉淀、 过滤、 热交换冷却后全部循环再用, 无对外排放;10. The sewage is completely recycled after being settled, filtered, and heat-exchanged, and there is no external discharge;
11、 湿灰经沉淀、 过滤、 干燥处理后重新气化, 无对外弃置; 11. The wet ash is re-vaporized after being precipitated, filtered and dried, and is not disposed of;
12、 在线热值分析, 自动调控进料, 全程自动监控。 附图说明 12, online calorific value analysis, automatic regulation of feeding, automatic monitoring throughout the process. DRAWINGS
图 1是本发明的***流程总图。 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a general flow diagram of the system of the present invention.
图 2是原料进料***、 燃气发生***、 除尘***结构图。 Figure 2 is a structural diagram of a raw material feeding system, a gas generating system, and a dust removing system.
图 3是冷却清洗***结构图。 Figure 3 is a structural diagram of the cooling and cleaning system.
图 4是静电除焦***结构图。 Figure 4 is a structural diagram of an electrostatic decoking system.
图 5稳压***结构图。 Figure 5 shows the structure of the voltage regulator system.
图 6监控***示意图。 Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the monitoring system.
具体实施方式 detailed description
本发明***所用生物质碎料, 一般尺寸< 20毫米的粒状或粉状生物质 可直接使用, 如稻壳、 花生壳、 木屑等; 块状及条状的生物质需要预先粉 碎才可以使用, 如秸杆、 树皮、 木材边角料等。 The biomass material used in the system of the invention can be directly used for granular or powdery biomass with a size of < 20 mm, such as rice husk, peanut shell, wood chips, etc.; the bulk and strip biomass needs to be pulverized before use. Such as straw, bark, wood trim and so on.
本发明的原料消耗及燃气产量会根据所用生物质原料的具体情况而有 变化。 一般情况下, 自然风干状态的稻壳、 秸杆或木屑等常见生物质原料 消耗量为 1. 5〜2. 1 吨 /小时, 燃气产量〉 3600立方米 (标) /小时, 燃气热 值范围 500CT7500千焦 /立方米 (标), 燃气温度< 60摄氏度, 燃气压力< 1
米水柱, 燃气焦油含量 <20毫克 /立方米 (标), 装置最大功率 < 100千瓦, 标准运行状态功率 50〜80千瓦。 本发明装置配合气体发电机组使用, 产生电 能输出 1200千瓦时。 The raw material consumption and gas production of the present invention vary depending on the specific conditions of the biomass raw materials used. In general, the consumption of common biomass raw materials such as rice husk, straw or sawdust in a naturally air-dried state is 1. 5~2. 1 ton / hour, gas production > 3600 cubic meters (standard) / hour, gas calorific value range 500CT7500 kJ/m3 (standard), gas temperature < 60 degrees Celsius, gas pressure < 1 Rice water column, gas tar content <20 mg / m3 (standard), the maximum power of the device < 100 kW, standard operating state power 50~80 kW. The device of the invention is used in conjunction with a gas generator set to generate an electrical energy output of 1200 kWh.
下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明。 The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
如图 1所示, 这种生物质燃气发生集成***按燃气发生和处理顺序依次 连接有原料进料*** 10、 燃气发生*** 20、 除尘*** 30、 冷却清洗*** 40、 静电除焦*** 50、 稳压*** 60。 生物质燃气生成和处理过程是: 生物质原 料通过原料进料*** 10进入到燃气发生*** 20内被高温气化成生物质燃 气, 燃气再通过除尘*** 30除尘后进入燃气冷却清洗*** 40, 通过喷淋水 的冷却与冲洗, 达到燃气降温、 清洁的目的, 经过降温与清洁的燃气进入 到高压静电除焦*** 50, 燃气中的焦油微粒在高压电磁场作用下被吸附清 除, 达到清除燃气焦油微粒的目的, 经过高压静电除焦的燃气再通过罗茨 风机, 进入到稳压*** 60, 从而提供清洁优质的燃气, 供生产生活或发电 用途。 As shown in FIG. 1, the biomass gas generation integrated system is sequentially connected with a raw material feeding system 10, a gas generating system 20, a dust removing system 30, a cooling cleaning system 40, an electrostatic decoking system 50, and a steady state in the order of gas generation and processing. Pressure system 60. The biomass gas generation and treatment process is: the biomass raw material enters into the gas generating system 20 through the raw material feeding system 10 and is vaporized into biomass gas by high temperature, and the gas is then removed by the dust removing system 30 and then enters the gas cooling cleaning system 40, and is sprayed. The cooling and rinsing of the shower water achieves the purpose of cooling and cleaning the gas. The cooled and cleaned gas enters the high-voltage electrostatic decoking system 50, and the tar particles in the gas are adsorbed and removed under the action of the high-voltage electromagnetic field to achieve the removal of the gas tar particles. Purpose, the high-frequency electrostatic decoking gas passes through the Roots blower and enters the stabilizing system 60, thereby providing clean and high-quality gas for production or power generation purposes.
下面再对组成本发明的各个***的结构及工作原理进行具体说明: 原料进料***如图 2左边部分所示。 本发明原料进料*** 10由小料仓 11、 下料斗 12、 进料螺旋 13组成, 原料进料*** 10确保燃气发生炉在进料 时保持炉内的密封状态, 还防止因停炉时 "回火"而引起料仓火灾。 小料 仓 11为方形, 底部锥形收缩, 顶部开设有进料口 112, 底部为四方形并设阀 门的下料口 111, 下料口 111与通过可开关的插板 113与下料斗 12相连, 下料 斗 12与进料螺旋 13相连, 进料螺旋 13与燃气发生*** 20相连。 生物质原料 被输送到小料仓 11, 再经下料口 111进入下料斗 12, 最后被进料螺旋 13输送 到燃气发生*** 20内。 进料螺旋 13的密封作用保证了当原料进入燃气发生 炉时炉内的密封状态; 停炉后, 关闭下料口 112的插板 113, 同时将下料斗 12及进料螺旋 13清空, 将下料斗 12与燃气发生炉隔开, 这样小料仓 11不会 着火, 同时又保证了燃气发生炉的密封, 为避免压力过大发生危险, 小料
仓 11顶部设有泄压管 114。 本实施例中, 小料仓 11有效容积约 15立方米, 可 存储生物质原料约 3吨, 进料***输送能力介于 0. 5〜3吨 /小时, 配有调速马 达调整进料速度。 The structure and working principle of the various systems constituting the present invention will be specifically described below: The raw material feeding system is shown in the left part of Fig. 2. The raw material feeding system 10 of the present invention is composed of a small silo 11, a lower hopper 12, and a feed spiral 13, and the raw material feeding system 10 ensures that the gas generating furnace maintains the sealed state in the furnace during feeding, and also prevents the furnace from being shut down. Tempering "causes a silo fire. The small silo 11 is square, the bottom is conically constricted, the top is provided with a feed port 112, the bottom is square and the valve is provided with a discharge port 111, and the lower feed port 111 is connected to the lower hopper 12 through the switchable insert plate 113. The lower hopper 12 is connected to the feed screw 13, and the feed screw 13 is connected to the gas generating system 20. The biomass feedstock is conveyed to the small silo 11 and then to the lower hopper 12 via the discharge port 111 and finally to the gas generating system 20 by the feed screw 13. The sealing action of the feed screw 13 ensures the sealed state in the furnace when the raw material enters the gas generator; after the furnace is stopped, the insert plate 113 of the lower feed port 112 is closed, and the lower hopper 12 and the feed screw 13 are emptied, and the lower The hopper 12 is separated from the gas generating furnace, so that the small silo 11 does not catch fire, and at the same time, the sealing of the gas generating furnace is ensured, in order to avoid the danger of excessive pressure, small materials A pressure relief pipe 114 is provided at the top of the tank 11. In this embodiment, the small silo 11 has an effective volume of about 15 cubic meters, and can store about 3 tons of biomass raw material, and the feeding system has a conveying capacity of 0. 5 to 3 tons per hour, and is equipped with a speed regulating motor to adjust the feeding speed. .
燃气发生***见图 2中间部分。燃气发生*** 20包括流化床燃气发生炉 21, 燃气发生炉为圆柱形中空的炉体, 底部为上大下小的倒置圆台。 炉膛 由内自外分别为:重质耐火砖、 轻质耐火砖、 保温浇筑料、 筒身外壁; 炉顶 由保温浇筑料与顶盖板组成。 流化床燃气发生炉 21底部入风口 22有布风板 23, 并通过布风板 23与鼓风机 24相连, 空气通过布风板 23将风力平均分配, 并高速射入燃气发生炉 21内; 燃气发生炉 21中段偏下位置有进料口 25与进 料螺旋 13相连, 生物质原料通过进料口 25进入到燃气发生炉 21内。 燃气发 生炉正常运行时, 炉膛内的温度在 70CT800摄抵度之间, 生物质原料与炉底 高速向上射入的空气在炉膛内形成流化状态。 在流化状态下, 生物质原料 在高温炉膛内与空气中的氧气燃烧, 生物质与空气中的氧气反应生成二氧 化碳, 同时释放出热量; 另一方面, 由于炉膛内氧气有限, 因此, 生物质 中部分不能与氧气接触的碳与二氧化碳发生还原反应生成一氧化碳, 还原 反应吸收热量。 生物质原料与空气在燃气发生炉内不断氧化 (放热) 一还 原 (吸热) 反应, 最终会达致炉内化学反应平衡与热平衡, 并将生物质原 料与空气反应成生物质燃气。 生物质与氧气的氧化一还原反应只是燃气发 生炉内复杂化学反应中的一种, 由于生物质原料含有水份, 而且空气中也 含有少量水蒸气, 因些燃气发生炉内的实际情况要复杂得多, 水份在高温 炉膛内成为水蒸汽并参与到碳与氧之间的氧化 -还原反应, 并生成氢气、 甲 垸、 不饱和烃 (CnHm) 等其它可燃气体。 因此, 燃气化生炉内的燃气除一 氧化碳外, 还有氢气、 甲垸、 不饱和烃等。 生物质燃气成分的百分比因原 料种类不同和含水量大小而有差异。 The gas generation system is shown in the middle section of Figure 2. The gas generating system 20 includes a fluidized bed gas generating furnace 21, which is a cylindrical hollow furnace body, and the bottom is an inverted round table with a large upper and a lower. The furnace is made up of inner and outer parts: heavy refractory brick, light refractory brick, thermal insulation pouring material and outer wall of the barrel; the top of the furnace is composed of thermal insulation pouring material and top cover. The bottom air inlet 22 of the fluidized bed gas generator 21 has a wind deflecting plate 23, and is connected to the air blower 24 through the air distributing plate 23, and the air is evenly distributed through the air distributing plate 23, and is injected into the gas generating furnace 21 at a high speed; The feed port 25 is connected to the feed screw 13 at a lower portion of the middle portion of the generator 21, and the biomass feedstock enters the gas generator 21 through the feed port 25. When the gas generator is in normal operation, the temperature in the furnace is between 70CT800, and the biomass material and the air injected at the high speed at the bottom of the furnace form a fluidized state in the furnace. In the fluidized state, the biomass material is burned in the high temperature furnace with oxygen in the air, and the biomass reacts with the oxygen in the air to generate carbon dioxide, and at the same time releases heat; on the other hand, due to the limited oxygen in the furnace, the biomass The carbon in the middle part which cannot be in contact with oxygen is reduced by carbon dioxide to form carbon monoxide, and the reduction reaction absorbs heat. The biomass feedstock and air are continuously oxidized (exothermic) in the gas generator to restore the chemical reaction equilibrium and heat balance in the furnace, and the biomass feedstock is reacted with air to form biomass gas. The oxidation-reduction reaction of biomass and oxygen is only one of the complex chemical reactions in the gas generator. Because the biomass feedstock contains water and the air also contains a small amount of water vapor, the actual conditions in the gas generator are complicated. Much, the water becomes water vapor in the high temperature furnace and participates in the oxidation-reduction reaction between carbon and oxygen, and generates other combustible gases such as hydrogen, methyl hydrazine, and unsaturated hydrocarbons (CnHm). Therefore, in addition to carbon monoxide, the gas in the gasification furnace has hydrogen, formamidine, and unsaturated hydrocarbons. The percentage of biomass gas components varies depending on the type of raw material and the amount of water content.
表一为稻壳燃气的标准成分及热值: Table 1 shows the standard composition and calorific value of rice husk gas:
热值 燃气成分 CO H2 CH4 C n Hm C02 N2 02+杂质 Calorific value gas component CO H 2 CH 4 C n Hm C0 2 N 2 0 2 + impurity
(KJ/Nm3 )
体积% 20% 12% 2. 5% 1. 5% 13% 50% <1% 5700 生物质原料在高温燃气发生炉内被气化成燃气, 生物质原料变成生物 质灰份。 生物质灰份由于质量变轻, 从原来的流化状态失去平衡, 并随喷 射气流向上沿炉膛顶部侧边的燃气出口 26进入到除尘*** 30。 而生物质原 料进入燃气发生炉 21时, 一些较大颗粒的生物质原料或灰渣没有随燃气进 入除尘*** 30, 而是下沉到燃气发生炉 21底部, 并通过炉底下灰管 27进入 排灰***。 下灰管 27通过出灰螺旋 28与排灰*** 29连接, 可以保证燃气发 生炉的密封状态。 (KJ/Nm 3 ) Volume % 20% 12% 2. 5% 1. 5% 13% 50% <1% 5700 Biomass feedstock is gasified into gas in a high temperature gas generator, and biomass feedstock becomes biomass ash. The biomass ash is out of balance from the original fluidized state due to the lighter mass, and enters the dust removal system 30 with the jet stream upstream along the gas outlet 26 at the top side of the furnace. When the biomass feedstock enters the gas generator 21, some of the larger particulate biomass feedstock or ash does not enter the dust removal system 30 with the gas, but sinks to the bottom of the gas generator 21 and enters the row through the bottom ash tube 27. Ash system. The lower ash pipe 27 is connected to the ash discharge system 29 through the ash screw 28 to ensure the sealing state of the gas generator.
除尘***如图 2右边部分所示。 除尘*** 30由两级旋风除尘器 31组成, 根据生物质灰渣的颗粒及质量大小, 第一级旋风除尘器主要清除燃气中夹 带的较大质量与粒径的灰渣, 第二级旋风除尘器主要清除燃气中粒径较小, 质量较轻的灰渣。 经过旋风除尘*** 30, 燃气携带的 95%左右的灰渣从燃气 中分离并通过底部的水冷关风器 32与排灰*** 29连接, 因此可以保证旋风 除尘器 31内燃气***处于密封状态。 旋风除尘器 31外还设有空气预热器 33, 空气预热器 33与旋风除尘器 31形成供空气热交换的腔体 34, 空气预热器 33 底部的出风口 35与以上所述的鼓风机 24的进风口连接。 外部空气由顶部进 入, 并在空气预热器 33内与高温燃气发生热交换, 经过预热的空气经炉底 鼓风机送入到燃气发生炉 21内, 提高了热能的使用效率。 The dust removal system is shown in the right part of Figure 2. The dust removal system 30 is composed of a two-stage cyclone dust collector 31. According to the particle size and mass of the biomass ash, the first stage cyclone dust collector mainly removes the large mass and particle size ash entrained in the gas, and the second stage cyclone dust removal. The main purpose is to remove the ash from the gas with a smaller particle size and lighter weight. After the cyclone dust removal system 30, about 95% of the ash carried by the gas is separated from the gas and connected to the ash discharge system 29 through the water-cooling air blower 32 at the bottom, so that the gas system in the cyclone 31 can be sealed. An air preheater 33 is further disposed outside the cyclone 31. The air preheater 33 and the cyclone 31 form a cavity 34 for heat exchange between the air, an air outlet 35 at the bottom of the air preheater 33, and the air blower described above. 24 air inlet connection. The outside air enters from the top and exchanges heat with the high temperature gas in the air preheater 33, and the preheated air is sent to the gas generator 21 through the bottom blower, thereby improving the use efficiency of the heat energy.
如图 3所示, 燃气经过旋风除尘器分离除尘后, 进入到燃气冷却清洗系 统 40。 冷却清洗*** 40包括两个外形基本相同的喷淋冷却室(长 X宽 高= 2. 2m X 1. 1m X 4. 5m)。 第一级喷淋冷却室 41的作用主要是冷却, 其内设有 用于增加燃气流通通道的隔板 41 1并且在冷却室内侧顶部及侧面布置压力 水槽及喷嘴 43, 通过大量喷淋水将燃气由 700 ° C左右降低到 80 ° C以下; 第 二级喷淋冷却室 42主要作用是清洗及分水, 在第二级喷淋冷却室 42包括湍 流清洗室 421和分水箱 422两个部分, 湍流清洗室 421为设有上宽下窄结构, 设于与第一喷淋冷却室 41连接处, 由于其顶部的高压喷淋水在管道内激烈
碰撞形成 "湍流"达到清洗燃气的效果; 分水箱 422是一个截面积相对较大 的箱体, 燃气在箱体内流速降低, 随着温度的降低, 燃气中的部分水汽凝 结成较大的水滴并从燃气中分离出来。 两级喷淋冷却室底部呈锥斗形, 并 通过排水管与水封池 44相连, 排水管将燃气处理箱中的喷淋水排出的同时, 又因水封池的水封作用保证了燃气处理箱的密封性。 整个燃气冷却清洗过 程喷淋水用量为 80立方米 /小时, 喷淋水在燃气冷却清洗前后温差约 10 ° C。 生物质燃气经过燃气冷却清洗*** 40后, 燃气温度<60 ° C, 除非常少量、 物理方法难以清除的焦油微粒外, 大部分灰份与杂质被清理干净。 两级喷 淋冷却室底部的排水管与水封池连接, 水封池 44与设有隔油室 451和挡泥板 452的过滤水槽 45连接, 过滤水槽 45另一端连接有循环水池 46, 循环水池 46 中的水经热交换器 47及冷却塔 471处理后输送至喷淋冷却室循环使用, 水封 池 44、 过滤水槽 45、 循环水池 46底部通过排灰阀 48与排灰螺旋装置 49连接, 灰渣经排污阀排出, 再经排污螺旋进入过滤装置 70。 过滤装置 70中滤出的 清水被收集到循环水箱 71并被泵回循环水池 46循环再利用。 过滤装置 70中 残留的较干的灰渣被送到滚筒干燥机 72干燥到含水量 <25%后, 被送回原料 进料*** 10与生物质原料适当混合后参与生物质原料的气化反应。 As shown in FIG. 3, after the gas is separated and dusted by the cyclone, the gas enters the gas cooling and cleaning system 40. The cooling and cleaning system 40 includes two spray cooling chambers of substantially the same shape (length X width height = 2. 2 m X 1. 1 m X 4. 5 m). The first stage spray cooling chamber 41 functions mainly for cooling, and a partition 41 1 for increasing the gas flow passage is provided therein, and a pressure water tank and a nozzle 43 are arranged on the top and the side of the cooling chamber side, and the gas is supplied by a large amount of spray water. It is reduced from about 700 ° C to below 80 ° C; the second stage spray cooling chamber 42 is mainly used for cleaning and water separation, and the second stage spray cooling chamber 42 includes two parts of a turbulent cleaning chamber 421 and a water dividing tank 422. The turbulent cleaning chamber 421 is provided with an upper width and a lower narrow structure, and is disposed at a connection with the first shower cooling chamber 41, because the high pressure spray water at the top thereof is intense in the pipeline. The collision forms a "turbulent flow" to achieve the effect of cleaning the gas; the water dividing tank 422 is a tank having a relatively large cross-sectional area, and the flow rate of the gas in the tank is lowered, and as the temperature is lowered, part of the water vapor in the gas condenses into a larger water droplet and Separated from the gas. The bottom of the two-stage spray cooling chamber has a cone shape and is connected to the water sealing tank 44 through a drain pipe. The drain pipe discharges the spray water in the gas processing tank, and the gas seal ensures the gas by the water seal. The sealing of the processing box. The spray water consumption of the whole gas cooling and cleaning process is 80 cubic meters per hour, and the temperature difference of the spray water before and after the gas cooling cleaning is about 10 ° C. After the biomass gas passes through the gas-cooled cleaning system 40, the gas temperature is <60 ° C. Most of the ash and impurities are cleaned except for a very small amount of tar particles that are difficult to remove by physical methods. The drain pipe at the bottom of the two-stage spray cooling chamber is connected to the water seal pool, and the water seal tank 44 is connected to the filter water tank 45 provided with the grease trap 451 and the fender 452, and the other end of the filter tank 45 is connected with the circulating water tank 46, and the circulation The water in the pool 46 is processed by the heat exchanger 47 and the cooling tower 471 and sent to the spray cooling chamber for recycling. The water sealing tank 44, the filtering water tank 45, and the bottom of the circulating water tank 46 are connected to the ash discharging screw device 49 through the ash discharging valve 48. The ash is discharged through the drain valve and then enters the filtering device 70 through the sewage spiral. The cleaned water filtered in the filtering device 70 is collected into the circulating water tank 71 and pumped back to the circulating water tank 46 for recycling. The dry ash remaining in the filtering device 70 is sent to the drum dryer 72 to be dried to a water content of <25%, and then sent back to the raw material feeding system 10 and mixed with the biomass raw material to participate in the gasification reaction of the biomass raw material. .
图 4中, 静电除焦*** 50为圆柱形筒体, 其结构如下: 圆柱形筒体直径 约 2. 2米, 高度约 8米, 底部设有燃气入口 51、 检修孔 51 1与排污口 512, 顶 部设有防爆安全门 513、 燃气出口 514与检修孔 515, 中部有检修通风阀 516。 捕焦管 52直径 273毫米, 共 27根, 上部通过定位孔板 521均布在筒体内部, 每根捕焦管内中央位置均有一根直径约 4 毫米电极丝 53。 电极丝 53通过吊 环 531、 可调吊钩 532、 绝缘悬吊瓷瓶 533及吊坠 536悬挂。 筒体顶部有三个 套筒, 其中一个与穿墙瓷瓶套管 534相连, 绝缘穿墙瓷瓶通过穿墙瓷瓶套管 将高压电源传导到电极丝 53。 绝缘穿墙电瓷瓶 533 ' 与绝缘悬吊瓷瓶 533保 证高压电源不会传递到燃气高压静电除焦装置筒体。 装置顶部套筒及穿墙 瓷瓶套管均装有压力喷嘴 535, 可以定时对绝缘穿墙套管 534与绝缘悬吊瓷
瓶 533、 533 ' 进行清洗, 防止焦油附着。 In Fig. 4, the electrostatic decoking system 50 is a cylindrical cylinder having the following structure: The cylindrical cylinder has a diameter of about 2. 2 meters and a height of about 8 meters. The bottom is provided with a gas inlet 51, a manhole 51 1 and a sewage outlet 512. The top is provided with an explosion-proof safety door 513, a gas outlet 514 and an inspection hole 515, and an inspection ventilation valve 516 in the middle. The focus tube 52 has a diameter of 273 mm, a total of 27 pieces, and the upper portion is uniformly distributed inside the barrel through the positioning hole plate 521, and a wire electrode 53 having a diameter of about 4 mm is disposed at the center of each of the focus tubes. The wire electrode 53 is suspended by a lifting eye 531, an adjustable hook 532, an insulating suspended porcelain bottle 533, and a pendant 536. There are three sleeves on the top of the cylinder, one of which is connected to the through-wall porcelain sleeve 534, and the insulated through-wall porcelain bottle conducts the high-voltage power source to the electrode wire 53 through the through-wall porcelain sleeve. Insulated through-wall electric porcelain bottle 533' and insulated suspension porcelain bottle 533 ensure that the high-voltage power supply will not be transmitted to the gas high-voltage electrostatic decoking device cylinder. The top sleeve of the device and the through-wall porcelain sleeve are equipped with pressure nozzles 535, which can regularly insulate the through-wall sleeve 534 and the insulating suspension porcelain. Bottles 533, 533' are cleaned to prevent tar from adhering.
生物质燃气在高压静电除焦***的除焦原理如下: 高压电源通过绝缘 穿墙瓷瓶 533 ' 将高压电传递导到电极丝 53, 电极丝 53与捕焦管 52之间形成 高压电磁场。 当燃气由装置底部燃气入口 51进入, 通过布风板 54将燃气平 均分配进入捕焦管 52, 燃气在电磁场作用下获得足够能量而成为自由电子 而导电, 燃气内的焦油微粒被带电粒子吸附, 并在电磁场作用下被吸附在 捕焦管 52内壁, 焦油在自重作用下落在装置底部并经排污口 512排出。 燃气 通过捕焦管电磁场后, 从装置顶部燃气出口 514输出。 The principle of decoking of biomass gas in high-voltage electrostatic decoking system is as follows: High-voltage power supply through insulation through-wall porcelain bottle 533 'The high-voltage electric conduction is guided to the electrode wire 53, and a high-voltage magnetic field is formed between the electrode wire 53 and the trapping tube 52. When the gas enters from the gas inlet 51 at the bottom of the device, the gas is evenly distributed into the trap 32 through the air distribution plate 54. The gas obtains sufficient energy under the action of the electromagnetic field to become free electrons and conduct electricity, and the tar particles in the gas are adsorbed by the charged particles. And adsorbed on the inner wall of the trap tube 52 under the action of the electromagnetic field, the tar falls on the bottom of the device by its own weight and is discharged through the drain port 512. After passing through the electromagnetic field of the trap tube, the gas is output from the gas outlet 514 at the top of the device.
本发明装置高压静电除焦***, 由 3. 5万伏以上高压电磁场将燃气中的 焦油微粒彻底清除, 经处理的燃气焦油含量< 20毫克 /立方米 (标), 满足目 前大部分气体发电机组对燃气焦油含量的要求。 The high-voltage electrostatic decoking system of the device of the invention completely removes the tar particles in the gas by a high-voltage electromagnetic field of 35,000 volts or more, and the treated gas tar content is less than 20 mg/m3 (standard), which satisfies most of the current gas generator sets. Requirements for gas tar content.
如图 5所示, 稳压*** 60通过罗茨风机 63与静电除焦*** 50连接, 罗茨 风机 63是整个燃气***的动力之源, 罗茨风机燃气入口之前的燃气***是 负压状态, 最大负压< 1米水柱; 罗次风机燃气出口之后燃气***是正压状 态, 最大正压< 1米水柱。 稳压*** 60包括稳压分水塔 61和与之连接的安全 水封 62, 稳压分水塔 61起到调节燃气***压力与旋风分水作用, 稳压分水 塔是直径 2. 1米的圆柱形罐体, 容积 12立方米左右, 底部有排水阀 611。 稳 压分水塔 61与安全水封 62相连, 安全水封 62上设有一端与稳压分水塔 61连 接, 另一端开口向下设于罐体中的弯管 621, 罐体水平面高于弯管的下端, 安全水封 62顶部设有排空管 622, 排空管顶部有防风套管 623, 防风套管装 设有电子打火装置, 需要时将燃气点燃后再排空。 安全水封 62装有不同高 度的水位控制阀 624, 通过水位控制阀 624可以调节燃气的压力大小。 当燃 气压力过大时, 燃气会冲破水封排走。 稳压分水塔 61内的燃气出口装设有 阀门, 当***燃气热值稳定后, 可以打开阀门, 将燃气直接输送到气体发 电机组 90产生电能。 As shown in FIG. 5, the voltage stabilizing system 60 is connected to the electrostatic decoking system 50 through the Roots blower 63. The Roots blower 63 is the power source of the entire gas system, and the gas system before the gas inlet of the Roots blower is in a negative pressure state. The maximum negative pressure < 1 m water column; after the gas output of the Luoqi fan is positive pressure, the maximum positive pressure < 1 m water column. The regulator system 60 includes a regulated water dividing tower 61 and a safety water seal 62 connected thereto, and the regulated water dividing tower 61 serves to adjust the pressure of the gas system and the cyclone water separation. The pressure regulating water tower is a cylindrical shape having a diameter of 2.1 meters. The tank has a volume of about 12 cubic meters and a drain valve 611 at the bottom. The regulating water dividing tower 61 is connected to the safety water seal 62. The safety water seal 62 is provided with an elbow 621 whose one end is connected to the pressure regulating water tower 61 and whose other end is downwardly disposed in the tank body, and the tank horizontal plane is higher than the elbow At the lower end, the top of the safety water seal 62 is provided with an emptying pipe 622, and the top of the emptying pipe has a windproof casing 623, and the windproof casing is provided with an electronic ignition device, and the gas is ignited and then emptied when necessary. The safety water seal 62 is equipped with water level control valves 624 of different heights, and the pressure of the gas can be adjusted by the water level control valve 624. When the gas pressure is too high, the gas will break away from the water seal. The gas outlet in the regulated water dividing tower 61 is provided with a valve. When the calorific value of the system gas is stabilized, the valve can be opened to directly supply the gas to the gas generating unit 90 to generate electric energy.
再如图 6所示, 本发明的监控*** 80由温度 /压力控制、 燃气氧含量
控制、 燃气热值控制、 开关控制、 调速电机转速控制等部分组成。 As shown in FIG. 6, the monitoring system 80 of the present invention is controlled by temperature/pressure, gas oxygen content. Control, gas calorific value control, switch control, speed control motor speed control and other components.
温度 /压力控制: 燃气发生*** 20、 除尘*** 30、 冷却清洗*** 40、 静电除焦*** 50与稳压*** 60设有多个监控点, 分别安装有温度 /压力探 头,采集到的数据汇总到温度压力巡检仪 82,再传输到现场监控计算机 85 ; 燃气氧含量控制: 静电除焦***装有氧气含量探头, 当燃气中氧含量高于 Temperature/pressure control: The gas generating system 20, the dust removing system 30, the cooling cleaning system 40, the static decoking system 50 and the voltage stabilizing system 60 are provided with a plurality of monitoring points, respectively, and temperature/pressure probes are installed, and the collected data is summarized to Temperature and pressure inspection instrument 82, and then transmitted to the on-site monitoring computer 85; gas oxygen content control: The electrostatic decoking system is equipped with an oxygen content probe, when the oxygen content in the gas is higher than
1%安全值时, 氧气含量监控仪 83会立即断开高压电源, 同时启动警报。 氧 含量监控仪通过 RS232将氧气含量分析结果实时传输到现场监控计算机 85; 燃气热值控制: 稳压*** 60安装有红外气体传感器, 能够对燃气中的 C0、 H2、 CH4、 CnHm等成分及含量进行分析, 并计算燃气的热值。 在线热值监控 装置 84通过燃气热值结果, 对进料螺旋转速及炉底鼓风机风量进行控制。 燃气热值数据实时传输到现场监控计算机 85进行分析保存。现场监控计算 机 85通过安装客户端远程监控软件, 在任何地点的远程监控计算机 81都 可以通过互联网监测到现场监控计算机上的所有运行数据。
At 1% safe value, the Oxygen Content Monitor 83 immediately disconnects the high voltage power supply and activates an alarm. The oxygen content monitor transmits the oxygen content analysis result to the on-site monitoring computer through RS232 in real time; Gas calorific value control: The voltage stabilization system 60 is equipped with an infrared gas sensor, which can be used for C0, H2, CH4, CnHm, etc. in the gas. Analyze and calculate the calorific value of the gas. The online calorific value monitoring device 84 controls the feed screw speed and the hearth blower air volume by the gas calorific value result. The gas calorific value data is transmitted to the on-site monitoring computer 85 in real time for analysis and preservation. The on-site monitoring computer 85 can monitor all operational data on the field monitoring computer through the Internet by installing the client remote monitoring software.
Claims
权 利 要 求 书 Claims
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的生物质燃气发生集成***, 其特征在于: 所 述原料进料***包括下部收缩成锥形口的小料仓, 小料仓底部通过可开关 的下料口插板与下料斗对接, 小料斗底部与进料螺旋装置连接, 进料螺旋 装置与燃气发生***连接。 2. The biomass gas generation integrated system according to claim 1, wherein: the raw material feeding system comprises a small silo whose lower portion is contracted into a tapered opening, and the bottom of the small silo is inserted through a switchable cutting opening. The plate is docked with the lower hopper, the bottom of the small hopper is connected with the feeding screw device, and the feeding screw device is connected with the gas generating system.
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的生物质燃气发生集成***, 其特征在于: 所 述燃气发生***包括燃气发生炉, 其中燃气发生炉下部设有进料口并与进 料螺旋装置连接, 底部隔着布风板与鼓风机连接, 顶部设有燃气通道口。 燃气发生炉下端设有排灰口, 排灰口与出灰螺旋装置连接。 3. The biomass gas generation integrated system according to claim 2, wherein: the gas generating system comprises a gas generating furnace, wherein a lower portion of the gas generating furnace is provided with a feeding port and is connected with the feeding screw device, and the bottom portion is separated. The air distribution plate is connected to the air blower, and the top is provided with a gas passage opening. The lower end of the gas generator is provided with a ash discharge port, and the ash discharge port is connected with the ash screw device.
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的生物质燃气发生集成***, 其特征在于: 所 述除尘***包括与燃气通道口连接的旋风除尘器, 旋风除尘器底部通过排 灰管与水冷关风机连接, 旋风除尘器外设有空气预热器, 空气预热器与旋 风除尘器形成供空气热交换的腔体, 空气预热器底部的出风口与以上所述 的鼓风机的进风口连接。 4. The biomass gas generation integrated system according to claim 3, wherein: the dust removal system comprises a cyclone connected to the gas passage port, and the bottom of the cyclone is connected to the water-cooling fan through the ash discharge pipe, the cyclone The air preheater is arranged outside the dust collector, and the air preheater and the cyclone dust collector form a cavity for heat exchange between the air, and the air outlet at the bottom of the air preheater is connected with the air inlet of the air blower described above.
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的生物质燃气发生集成***, 其特征在于: 所 述冷却清洗***包括两级依次排列的喷淋冷却室, 第一级喷淋冷却室设有 用于增加燃气流通通道的隔板, 喷淋冷却室内壁和顶部设有喷淋头, 在第 二级喷淋冷却室的入口处设有上宽下窄的湍流清洗室, 湍流清洗室顶部设 有喷淋头, 两级喷淋冷却室底部的排水管与水封池连接, 水封池与设有隔 油室和挡泥板的过滤水槽连接, 过滤水槽另一端连接有循环水池, 循环水 池中的水经热交换器处理后输送至喷淋冷却室, 水封池、 过滤水槽、 循环 水池底部通过排灰阀与排灰螺旋装置连接。
5. The biomass gas generation integrated system according to claim 4, wherein: the cooling and cleaning system comprises two stages of spray cooling chambers, and the first stage of the spray cooling chamber is provided for increasing gas circulation channels. The partition plate has a shower head on the interior wall and the top of the spray cooling chamber, and a turbulent cleaning chamber with a wide width and a narrow width at the entrance of the second-stage spray cooling chamber, and a sprinkler head at the top of the turbulent cleaning chamber, The drain pipe at the bottom of the spray cooling chamber is connected with the water seal pool, and the water seal pool is connected with a filter tank provided with a grease trap and a fender. The other end of the filter tank is connected with a circulating pool, and the water in the circulating pool is exchanged for heat. After being processed, the device is sent to the spray cooling chamber, and the water sealing pool, the filtering water tank and the bottom of the circulating pool are connected with the ash discharging screw device through the ash discharging valve.
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的生物质燃气发生集成***, 其特征在于: 所 述排灰螺旋装置的出灰口下端设有过滤装置, 过滤的湿灰送往滚筒干燥机, 干燥后的灰渣进入原料进料***,过滤的水分送往循环水池。 The biomass gas generating integrated system according to claim 5, wherein: the lower end of the ash outlet of the ash discharging screw device is provided with a filtering device, and the filtered wet ash is sent to the drum dryer, and the dried ash is The slag enters the feedstock feed system and the filtered water is sent to the circulating water tank.
7、 根据权利要求 5所述的生物质燃气发生集成***, 其特征在于: 所 述静电除焦***包括一筒体, 底部设有与冷却清洗***连接的燃气入口, 在筒体内的燃气入口上部设有若干层布风板, 布风板上部设有高压静电除 焦装置, 燃气出口和防爆安全门设于筒体的上部, 所述的高压静电除焦装 置包括固定于筒体顶部的绝缘瓷瓶, 与绝缘瓷瓶连接的若干垂直悬吊的电 极丝, 每根电极丝穿行于固定在定位孔板上的捕焦管中。 7. The biomass gas generation integrated system according to claim 5, wherein: the electrostatic decoking system comprises a cylinder, and a gas inlet connected to the cooling cleaning system is arranged at the bottom, and the gas inlet in the cylinder body is upper. There are several layers of air distribution plates, a high-voltage electrostatic decoking device is arranged on the air distribution plate, a gas outlet and an explosion-proof safety door are arranged on the upper part of the cylinder body, and the high-voltage electrostatic decoking device comprises an insulating porcelain bottle fixed on the top of the cylinder body. A plurality of vertically suspended electrode wires connected to the insulating porcelain bottle, each of the wire wires passing through a trapping tube fixed to the positioning hole plate.
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的生物质燃气发生集成***, 其特征在于: 所 述稳压***与通过罗茨风机与静电除焦***连接, 稳压***包括稳压分水 塔和与之连接的安全水封, 其中稳压分水塔包括与静电除焦***连接的燃 气进口, 与安全水封连接的平衡通道, 设于顶部的供应清洁燃气的燃气出 口和设于底部并连接有排水阀的排水口, 安全水封包括顶部设有排空管的 罐体, 罐体上还设有一端与稳压分水塔连接, 另一端开口向下设于罐体中 的弯管, 罐体水平面高于弯管的下端, 排空管开口端设有电子打火装置。 8. The biomass gas generation integrated system according to claim 7, wherein: said voltage stabilizing system is connected to a Roots blower and an electrostatic decoking system, and the voltage stabilizing system comprises a voltage regulating water tower and is connected thereto. A safety water seal, wherein the pressure regulation water tower comprises a gas inlet connected to the electrostatic decoking system, a balance channel connected to the safety water seal, a gas outlet for supplying clean gas at the top, and a drain connected to the bottom and connected with the drain valve. The safety water seal comprises a tank body with an emptying pipe at the top, and the tank body is further provided with an elbow which is connected with the pressure regulating water tower at one end and the lower end opening is arranged in the tank body, and the water level of the tank body is higher than the bend At the lower end of the tube, an electronic ignition device is arranged at the open end of the emptying tube.
9、 根据权利要求 1至 8中任一项所述的生物质燃气发生集成***, 其特 征在于: 还包括监测***, 监测***包括设于燃气发生***、 除尘***、 冷却清洗***、 静电除焦***和稳压***中的温度 /压力控制装置, 设于静 电除焦***中的燃气氧含量控制装置, 设于稳压***中的燃气热值控制。
The biomass gas generating integrated system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising: a monitoring system comprising: a gas generating system, a dust removing system, a cooling cleaning system, and electrostatic decoking The temperature/pressure control device in the system and the voltage stabilization system, the gas oxygen content control device set in the electrostatic decoking system, and the gas calorific value control set in the voltage stabilization system.
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