WO2009062590A1 - Exhaust gas system and method for operating the same - Google Patents

Exhaust gas system and method for operating the same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009062590A1
WO2009062590A1 PCT/EP2008/008974 EP2008008974W WO2009062590A1 WO 2009062590 A1 WO2009062590 A1 WO 2009062590A1 EP 2008008974 W EP2008008974 W EP 2008008974W WO 2009062590 A1 WO2009062590 A1 WO 2009062590A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
catalyst
exhaust
exhaust gas
section
exhaust system
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2008/008974
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alfred Grom
Markus EISENKÖLBL
Original Assignee
Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
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Publication of WO2009062590A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009062590A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2053—By-passing catalytic reactors, e.g. to prevent overheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2340/00—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2340/00—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses
    • F01N2340/02—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses characterised by the distance of the apparatus to the engine, or the distance between two exhaust treating apparatuses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
    • F01N2410/06—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device at cold starting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an exhaust system for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle comprising a first exhaust system with a first engine near catalytic converter, a second exhaust line parallel to the first exhaust line and a second catalyst remote from the engine.
  • "Brennkraftmaschinennah” and “Brennkraftmaschinenfern” refers in particular to the arrangement of the two catalysts relative to each other.
  • Pre-catalysts are to minimize exhaust emissions, especially in the cold start phase very quickly reach their operating temperature at which the desired reduction of the pollutant content in the exhaust gas takes place. They are therefore usually arranged close to the engine exhaust manifold. For a rapid heating, it is also advantageous if the precatalyst has a small flow cross-section. However, especially at higher engine speeds, such a catalyst with a low flow cross-section is a flow resistance, which causes an increased back pressure and leads to performance losses and increased fuel consumption. With regard to performance and fuel consumption, a large flow cross section in the catalytic converter would be favorable. An enlargement of the catalyst to reduce the throttling effect, however, is usually not possible because then the catalyst would reach its operating temperature too late.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an aforementioned exhaust system, on the one hand, in particular at a cold start of the engine allows a rapid achievement of the catalyst operating temperature and at the same time reduced in particular at a Vo 11 load operation of the engine performance losses and increased fuel consumption by the throttle effect of the catalyst become.
  • a method for operating such an exhaust system is to be provided,
  • the first catalyst has a smaller and the second catalyst has a larger flow cross-section.
  • “Lower flow cross section” and “larger flow cross section” refers in particular to the ratio of the flow cross sections of the two catalysts relative to one another. Due to its small flow cross-section of the first catalyst reaches its operating temperature very quickly and is very fast for effective exhaust gas purification available, the second catalyst has due to its larger flow cross-section only a small throttle effect and allows optimal performance and consumption of the internal combustion engine.
  • the object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 6, by the exhaust gas flow is passed through the first catalyst substantially, when the temperature of the exhaust system is below a predetermined temperature.
  • a particularly rapid heating is achieved when the exhaust system is still cold.
  • the second catalyst is associated with the second exhaust line, so that two mutually parallel exhaust gas strands each have a catalyst.
  • first and the second exhaust gas line flow downstream into a common exhaust gas line and the second catalytic converter is assigned to the common exhaust gas line.
  • first and the second exhaust line branch off upstream from a common exhaust line.
  • a control valve (116) for controlling the exhaust gas flow between the first and second exhaust gas line (104, 106) is expediently provided in the region of the branch and / or the mouth. It has proved to be favorable to operate the control flap (s) controlled or regulated.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the exhaust gas stream is passed through the second catalyst substantially when the temperature of the exhaust system is above a predetermined temperature.
  • the throttle loss is significantly reduced by the catalyst with warm exhaust system.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exhaust system comprising a catalyst with a smaller flow cross-section and a catalyst with a larger flow cross section, wherein either both catalysts or only the catalyst with the larger flow cross-section is / can be flowed through and
  • Figure 2 shows an exhaust system comprising a catalyst with a smaller flow cross section and a catalyst with a larger flow cross section, wherein either the catalyst with the smaller flow cross section or the catalyst with the larger flow cross section is flowed through.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exhaust system 100 comprising a catalyst 108 with a smaller flow cross-section and a catalyst 110 with a larger flow cross-section, wherein either the two catalysts 108, 110 or only the catalyst 110 can flow through the larger flow cross-section.
  • a precatalyst of the exhaust system 100, not shown here, of a motor vehicle internal combustion engine is designed in two parts.
  • An exhaust duct 102 is divided at a branch into two mutually parallel exhaust gas strands 104, 106, which open downstream into a common exhaust gas duct 114 again.
  • the first exhaust gas line 104 comprises a first combustion engine-related catalytic converter 108 with a smaller flow cross-section
  • the second exhaust gas line 106 includes a second combustion engine-remote catalytic converter 110 with a larger flow cross-section.
  • the catalyst 108 with a smaller flow cross section heats up quickly during operation of the internal combustion engine, since it has a low heat capacity.
  • the catalyst 110 with a larger flow cross-section represents only a small flow resistance in the exhaust line 106 and thus causes only a low back pressure, which is advantageous in terms of consumption and power of the internal combustion engine.
  • a control valve 116 for controlling the exhaust gas flow between the first and second exhaust line 104, 106 is provided.
  • the control flap 116 By means of the control flap 116, the exhaust gas flow during operation of the internal combustion engine either the first or the second exhaust line 104, 106 or both exhaust lines 104, 106 are fed.
  • the control flap 116 may be actuated continuously or discretely.
  • the control flap 116 is passively pressure actuated or is actively actuated by means of an actuator. In this case, an electromotive, pneumatic or hydraulic actuator can be used.
  • a control device for controlling the actuator, which controls the actuator on the basis of external parameters such as exhaust gas pressure, engine speed, exhaust gas temperature and / or catalyst temperature, and / or stored in the control device parameters.
  • a control flap (not shown) may be provided in the exhaust passage 114 in the mouth region of the two exhaust gas strands 104, 106.
  • the exhaust gas flow is in cold exhaust system, in particular in the starting phase, by the first exhaust line 104 and thus by the Catalyst 108 passed. This heats up quickly to operating temperature, so that already in the start-up phase, a good reduction in pollutants is achieved.
  • the exhaust stream is directed through the catalyst 108, particularly at low engine speeds where only a limited exhaust gas flow prevails.
  • the exhaust stream is also passed through the catalyst 108 when the temperature of the exhaust system is below a predetermined temperature.
  • the exhaust gas flow is directed through the second exhaust line 106 and thus through the larger flow cross-section catalyst 110.
  • the exhaust stream is also passed through the catalyst 110 when the temperature of the exhaust system is above a predetermined temperature.
  • the diversion of the exhaust gas flow can be effected continuously or discretely, regulated or parameter-dependent controlled.
  • the exhaust stream may also be passed through the second exhaust line 106 when the temperature of its catalyst 110 is better suited for optimum operation than the temperature of the first catalyst 108. Also, a diversion of the exhaust stream toward the second exhaust line 106 may occur, if its catalyst 110 has reached a predetermined minimum temperature, in particular its operating temperature.
  • the catalytic converter 110 has a larger flow cross-section than the catalytic converter 108, it represents only a low flow resistance and thus enables power and consumption-optimized operation of the internal combustion engine.
  • the catalytic converter 110 can moreover be designed with a larger flow cross-section than with exhaust systems with only one such catalytic converter, in which a compromise always has to be made due to the heating time.
  • the catalyst 108 can take over the exhaust gas purification during the heating phase and this even very quickly.
  • the catalyst 110 is farther away from the engine than the catalyst 108, it is therefore less subject to temperature and can be operated even at high engine power, especially at full load in its operating range, without any threat of temperature damage.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exhaust system 200 comprising a catalyst 208 with a smaller flow cross section and a catalyst 210 with a larger flow cross section, wherein either the catalyst 210 with the smaller flow cross section or the catalyst 210 with the larger flow cross section can be flowed through.
  • a precatalyst of the exhaust system 200, not shown here, of a motor vehicle internal combustion engine is designed in two parts.
  • An exhaust passage 202 is divided at a branch into two mutually parallel exhaust gas lines 204, 206, which open downstream into a common exhaust gas channel 214 again.
  • the first exhaust line 204 comprises a first combustion engine-related catalyst 208 with a smaller flow cross-section
  • the second exhaust line 206 forms a bypass to the first exhaust line 204.
  • the common exhaust passage 214 comprises a second engine-rich catalyst 210 with a larger flow cross-section.
  • a control flap 216 By means of a control flap 216, the exhaust gas flow between the first and second exhaust line 204, 206 are deflected.
  • FIG. 1 it is essential in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 that the catalyst 210 with the larger flow cross section is already heated during operation of the catalyst 210 with the smaller flow cross section
  • the exhaust system according to the invention can be used not only in a close-coupled primary catalyst, but also in other types of catalysts, for example in a three-way catalyst or a DeNOx catalyst

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

An exhaust gas system (100, 200) for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle comprises a first exhaust tract (104, 204) having a first catalyst (108, 208), located in the proximity of the internal combustion engine, a second exhaust tract (106, 206) which is parallel to the first exhaust tract (104, 204), and a second catalyst (110, 210), located at a distance to the internal combustion engine, the first catalyst (108, 208) having a smaller and the second catalyst (110, 213) having a larger cross-section of flow. The invention further relates to a method for operating such an exhaust gas system (100, 200).

Description

Beschreibung description
Abgasanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben derselbenExhaust system and method for operating the same
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Abgasanlage für eine Brennkraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeugs umfassend einen ersten Abgasstrang mit einem ersten brennkraftmaschinennahen Katalysator, einen zum ersten Abgasstrang parallelen zweiten Abgasstrang und einen zweiten brennkraftmaschinenfernen Katalysator. „Brennkraftmaschinennah" und „brennkraftmaschinenfern" bezieht sich dabei insbesondere auf die Anordnung der beiden Katalysatoren relativ zueinander.The invention relates to an exhaust system for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle comprising a first exhaust system with a first engine near catalytic converter, a second exhaust line parallel to the first exhaust line and a second catalyst remote from the engine. "Brennkraftmaschinennah" and "Brennkraftmaschinenfern" refers in particular to the arrangement of the two catalysts relative to each other.
Vorkatalysatoren sollen zur Minimierung der Abgas-Schadstoffemissionen insbesondere in der Kaltstartphase sehr schnell ihre Betriebstemperatur erreichen, bei der die angestrebte Reduzierung des Schadstoffgehalts im Abgas erfolgt. Sie sind daher üblicherweise brennkraftmaschinennah am Abgaskrümmer angeordnet. Für eine rasche Erwärmung ist es außerdem günstig, wenn der Vorkatalysator einen geringen Strömungsquerschnitt aufweist. Insbesondere bei höheren Brennkraftmaschinendrehzahlen stellt ein solcher Katalysator mit geringem Strömungsquerschnitt allerdings einen Strömungswiderstand dar, der einen erhöhten Staudruck bedingt und zu Leistungseinbußen sowie einem erhöhten Kraftstoffverbrauch führt. Hinsichtlich Leistung und Kraftstoffverbrauch wäre ein großer Strömungsquerschnitt im Katalysator günstig. Eine Vergrößerung des Katalysators zur Reduzierung der Drosselwirkung ist jedoch in der Regel nicht möglich, da dann der Katalysator seine Betriebstemperatur zu spät erreichen würde.Pre-catalysts are to minimize exhaust emissions, especially in the cold start phase very quickly reach their operating temperature at which the desired reduction of the pollutant content in the exhaust gas takes place. They are therefore usually arranged close to the engine exhaust manifold. For a rapid heating, it is also advantageous if the precatalyst has a small flow cross-section. However, especially at higher engine speeds, such a catalyst with a low flow cross-section is a flow resistance, which causes an increased back pressure and leads to performance losses and increased fuel consumption. With regard to performance and fuel consumption, a large flow cross section in the catalytic converter would be favorable. An enlargement of the catalyst to reduce the throttling effect, however, is usually not possible because then the catalyst would reach its operating temperature too late.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine eingangs genannte Abgasanlage bereitzustellen, mit der einerseits insbesondere bei einem Kaltstart der Brennkraftmaschine ein rasches Erreichen der Katalysator-Betriebstemperatur ermöglicht und zugleich insbesondere bei einem Vo 11 lastbetrieb der Brennkraftmaschine Leistungseinbußen und ein erhöhter Kraftstoffverbrauch durch die Drosselwirkung des Katalysators gemindert werden. Außerdem soll ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer solchen Abgasanlage bereitgestellt werden,The object of the invention is to provide an aforementioned exhaust system, on the one hand, in particular at a cold start of the engine allows a rapid achievement of the catalyst operating temperature and at the same time reduced in particular at a Vo 11 load operation of the engine performance losses and increased fuel consumption by the throttle effect of the catalyst become. In addition, a method for operating such an exhaust system is to be provided,
Die Lösung der Aufgabe erfolgt mit einer Abgasanlage mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 , der erste Katalysator einen geringeren und der zweite Katalysator einen größeren Strömungsquerschnitt aufweist. „Geringerer Strömungsquerschnitt" und „größerer Strömungsquerschnitt" bezieht sich dabei insbesondere auf das Verhältnis der Strömungsquerschnitte der beiden Katalysatoren relativ zueinander. Aufgrund seines geringen Strömungsquerschnitts erreicht der erste Katalysator sehr schnell seine Betriebstemperatur und steht sehr schnell für eine wirksame Abgasreinigung zur Verfügung, der zweite Katalysator hat aufgrund seines größeren Strömungsquerschnitts eine nur geringe Drosselwirkung und ermöglicht einen Leistungs- und Verbrauchsoptimalen Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine.The object is achieved with an exhaust system having the features of claim 1, the first catalyst has a smaller and the second catalyst has a larger flow cross-section. "Lower flow cross section" and "larger flow cross section" refers in particular to the ratio of the flow cross sections of the two catalysts relative to one another. Due to its small flow cross-section of the first catalyst reaches its operating temperature very quickly and is very fast for effective exhaust gas purification available, the second catalyst has due to its larger flow cross-section only a small throttle effect and allows optimal performance and consumption of the internal combustion engine.
Außerdem wird die Aufgabe mit einem Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 6 gelöst, indem der Abgasstrom im Wesentlichen durch den ersten Katalysator geleitet wird, wenn die Temperatur der Abgasanlage unterhalb einer vorbestimmten Temperatur liegt. Dadurch wird ein besonders rasches Aufheizen erreicht, wenn die Abgasanlage noch kalt ist.In addition, the object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 6, by the exhaust gas flow is passed through the first catalyst substantially, when the temperature of the exhaust system is below a predetermined temperature. As a result, a particularly rapid heating is achieved when the exhaust system is still cold.
Besonders bevorzugte Ausführungen der erfindungsgemäßen Abgasanlage sowie eine besonders bevorzugte Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Particularly preferred embodiments of the exhaust system according to the invention and a particularly preferred development of the method according to the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
Vorzugsweise ist der zweite Katalysator dem zweiten Abgasstrang zugeordnet, sodass zwei zueinander parallele Abgasstränge jeweils einen Katalysator aufweisen.Preferably, the second catalyst is associated with the second exhaust line, so that two mutually parallel exhaust gas strands each have a catalyst.
Als besonders vorteilhaft hat es sich erwiesen, wenn der erste und der zweite Abgasstrang stromabwärts in einen gemeinsamen Abgasstrang münden und der zweite Katalysator dem gemeinsamen Abgasstrang zugeordnet ist. Außerdem wird es als vorteilhaft angesehen, wenn der erste und der zweite Abgasstrang stromaufwärts aus einem gemeinsamen Abgasstrang abzweigen. Dann ist zweckmäßigerweise im Bereich der Abzweigung und/oder der Mündung eine Steuerklappe (116) zur Steuerung des Abgasstroms zwischen erstem und zweitem Abgasstrang (104, 106) vorgesehen. Es hat sich als günstig erwiesen, die Steuerklappe(n) gesteuert oder geregelt zu betätigen.It has proved to be particularly advantageous if the first and the second exhaust gas line flow downstream into a common exhaust gas line and the second catalytic converter is assigned to the common exhaust gas line. In addition, it is considered advantageous if the first and the second exhaust line branch off upstream from a common exhaust line. Then, a control valve (116) for controlling the exhaust gas flow between the first and second exhaust gas line (104, 106) is expediently provided in the region of the branch and / or the mouth. It has proved to be favorable to operate the control flap (s) controlled or regulated.
Eine besonders bevorzugte Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass der Abgasstrom im Wesentlichen durch den zweiten Katalysator geleitet wird, wenn die Temperatur der Abgasanlage oberhalb einer vorbestimmten Temperatur liegt. Dadurch wird bei warmer Abgasanlage der Drosselverlust durch den Katalysator signifikant verringert. Nachfolgend sind besonders zu bevorzugende Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf Figuren näher erläutert, dabei zeigen schematisch und beispielhaftA particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the exhaust gas stream is passed through the second catalyst substantially when the temperature of the exhaust system is above a predetermined temperature. As a result, the throttle loss is significantly reduced by the catalyst with warm exhaust system. In the following, particularly preferred embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to figures, in which show schematically and by way of example
Figur 1 eine Abgasanlage umfassend einen Katalysator mit geringerem Strömungsquerschnitt und einen Katalysator mit größerem Strömungsquerschnitt, wobei entweder beide Katalysatoren oder nur der Katalysator mit dem größere Strömungsquerschnitt durchströmbar ist/sind und1 shows an exhaust system comprising a catalyst with a smaller flow cross-section and a catalyst with a larger flow cross section, wherein either both catalysts or only the catalyst with the larger flow cross-section is / can be flowed through and
Figur 2 eine Abgasanlage umfassend einen Katalysator mit geringerem Strömungsquerschnitt und einen Katalysator mit größerem Strömungsquerschnitt, wobei entweder der Katalysator mit dem geringeren Strömungsquerschnitt oder der Katalysator mit dem größere Strömungsquerschnitt durchströmbar ist.Figure 2 shows an exhaust system comprising a catalyst with a smaller flow cross section and a catalyst with a larger flow cross section, wherein either the catalyst with the smaller flow cross section or the catalyst with the larger flow cross section is flowed through.
Figur 1 zeigt eine Abgasanlage 100 umfassend einen Katalysator 108 mit geringerem Strömungsquerschnitt und einen Katalysator 110 mit größerem Strömungsquerschnitt, wobei entweder beide Katalysatoren 108, 110 oder nur der Katalysator 110 mit dem größere Strömungsquerschnitt durchströmbar ist/sind.FIG. 1 shows an exhaust system 100 comprising a catalyst 108 with a smaller flow cross-section and a catalyst 110 with a larger flow cross-section, wherein either the two catalysts 108, 110 or only the catalyst 110 can flow through the larger flow cross-section.
Ein Vorkatalysator der hier nicht näher dargestellten Abgasanlage 100 einer Kraftfahrzeug-Brennkraftmaschine ist zweiteilig ausgeführt. Ein Abgaskanal 102 teilt sich an einer Abzweigung in zwei zueinander parallele Abgasstränge 104, 106 auf, die stromabwärts wieder in einen gemeinsamen Abgaskanal 114 münden. Der erste Abgasstrang 104 umfasst einen ersten brennkraftmaschinennahen Katalysator 108 mit geringerem Strömungsquerschnitt, der zweite Abgasstrang 106 umfasst einen zweiten brennkraftmaschinenfernen Katalysator 110 mit größerem Strömungsquerschnitt. Der Katalysator 108 mit geringerem Strömungsquerschnitt erwärmt sich beim Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine schnell, da er eine geringe Wärmekapazität aufweist. Außerdem wird eine rasche Erwärmung des Katalysators 108 dadurch unterstützt, dass er brennkraftmaschinennah im Bereich des Abgaskrümmers angeordnet ist und lässt nur eine begrenzte Strömung hindurch lässt. Der Katalysator 110 mit größerem Strömungsquerschnitt stellt einen nur geringen Strömungswiderstand im Abgasstrang 106 dar und bedingt so einen nur geringen Staudruck, was in Hinblick auf Verbrauch und Leistung der Brennkraftmaschine vorteilhaft ist.A precatalyst of the exhaust system 100, not shown here, of a motor vehicle internal combustion engine is designed in two parts. An exhaust duct 102 is divided at a branch into two mutually parallel exhaust gas strands 104, 106, which open downstream into a common exhaust gas duct 114 again. The first exhaust gas line 104 comprises a first combustion engine-related catalytic converter 108 with a smaller flow cross-section, the second exhaust gas line 106 includes a second combustion engine-remote catalytic converter 110 with a larger flow cross-section. The catalyst 108 with a smaller flow cross section heats up quickly during operation of the internal combustion engine, since it has a low heat capacity. In addition, a rapid heating of the catalyst 108 is supported by the fact that it is close to the engine near the exhaust manifold and leaves only a limited flow through. The catalyst 110 with a larger flow cross-section represents only a small flow resistance in the exhaust line 106 and thus causes only a low back pressure, which is advantageous in terms of consumption and power of the internal combustion engine.
An der Abzweigung stromauf der beiden Abgasstränge 104, 106 ist eine Steuerklappe 116 zur Steuerung des Abgasstroms zwischen erstem und zweitem Abgasstrang 104, 106 vorgesehen. Mittels der Steuerklappe 116 kann der Abgasstrom beim Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine entweder dem ersten oder dem zweiten Abgasstrang 104, 106 oder beiden Abgassträngen 104, 106 zugeleitet werden. Die Steuerklappe 116 kann kontinuierlich oder diskret betätigt sein. Die Steuerklappe 116 ist passiv druckbetätigt oder wird aktiv mittels eines Aktuators betätigt. Dabei kann ein elektromotorischer, pneumatischer oder hydraulischer Aktuator verwendet werden. Bei einer Aktuatorbetätigung ist zur Steuerung des Aktuators eine Steuereinrichtung vorgesehen, die den Aktuator auf Basis von externen Parametern, wie Abgasdruck, Brennkraftmaschinendrehzahl, Abgastemperatur und/oder Katalysatortemperatur, und/oder in der Steuereinrichtung hinterlegter Parameter steuert. Alternativ oder zusätzlich zur abzweigungsseitigen Steuerklappe 116 kann eine Steuerklappe (nicht gezeigt) im Mündungsbereich der beiden Abgasstränge 104, 106 in den Abgaskanal 114 vorgesehen sein.At the branch upstream of the two exhaust gas lines 104, 106, a control valve 116 for controlling the exhaust gas flow between the first and second exhaust line 104, 106 is provided. By means of the control flap 116, the exhaust gas flow during operation of the internal combustion engine either the first or the second exhaust line 104, 106 or both exhaust lines 104, 106 are fed. The control flap 116 may be actuated continuously or discretely. The control flap 116 is passively pressure actuated or is actively actuated by means of an actuator. In this case, an electromotive, pneumatic or hydraulic actuator can be used. In an actuator operation, a control device is provided for controlling the actuator, which controls the actuator on the basis of external parameters such as exhaust gas pressure, engine speed, exhaust gas temperature and / or catalyst temperature, and / or stored in the control device parameters. Alternatively or in addition to the branch-side control flap 116, a control flap (not shown) may be provided in the exhaust passage 114 in the mouth region of the two exhaust gas strands 104, 106.
Der Abgasstrom wird bei kalter Abgasanlage, insbesondere in der Startphase, durch den ersten Abgasstrang 104 und damit durch den Katalysator 108 geleitet. Dieser erwärmt sich rasch auf Betriebstemperatur, sodass bereits in der Startphase eine gute Schadstoffreduktion erreicht wird. Der Abgasstrom wird insbesondere bei niedrigen Brennkraftmaschinendrehzahlen, bei denen ein nur begrenzter Abgasstrom vorherrscht, durch den Katalysator 108 geleitet. Der Abgasstrom wird auch dann durch den Katalysator 108 geleitet, wenn die Temperatur der Abgasanlage unterhalb einer vorbestimmten Temperatur liegt.The exhaust gas flow is in cold exhaust system, in particular in the starting phase, by the first exhaust line 104 and thus by the Catalyst 108 passed. This heats up quickly to operating temperature, so that already in the start-up phase, a good reduction in pollutants is achieved. The exhaust stream is directed through the catalyst 108, particularly at low engine speeds where only a limited exhaust gas flow prevails. The exhaust stream is also passed through the catalyst 108 when the temperature of the exhaust system is below a predetermined temperature.
Bei höheren Brennkraftmaschinendrehzahlen und höheren Abgasvolumen wird der Abgasstrom durch den zweiten Abgasstrang 106 und damit durch den Katalysator 110 mit größerem Strömungsquerschnitt geleitet. Der Abgasstrom wird auch dann durch den Katalysator 110 geleitet, wenn die Temperatur der Abgasanlage oberhalb einer vorbestimmten Temperatur liegt.At higher engine speeds and higher exhaust gas volume, the exhaust gas flow is directed through the second exhaust line 106 and thus through the larger flow cross-section catalyst 110. The exhaust stream is also passed through the catalyst 110 when the temperature of the exhaust system is above a predetermined temperature.
Die Umleitung des Abgasstroms kann wie beschrieben kontinuierlich oder diskret, geregelt oder parameterabhängig gesteuert erfolgen. Der Abgasstrom kann auch dann durch zweiten Abgasstrang 106 geleitet werden, wenn die Temperatur dessen Katalysators 110 für einen optimalen Betrieb besser geeignet ist, als die Temperatur des ersten Katalysators 108. Ebenfalls kann eine Umleitung des Abgasstroms hin zum zweiten Abgasstrang 106 erfolgen, wenn dessen Katalysator 110 eine vorgegeben Mindesttemperatur, insbesondere seine Betriebstemperatur, erreicht hat.As described, the diversion of the exhaust gas flow can be effected continuously or discretely, regulated or parameter-dependent controlled. The exhaust stream may also be passed through the second exhaust line 106 when the temperature of its catalyst 110 is better suited for optimum operation than the temperature of the first catalyst 108. Also, a diversion of the exhaust stream toward the second exhaust line 106 may occur, if its catalyst 110 has reached a predetermined minimum temperature, in particular its operating temperature.
Wenn der Abgasstrom im Wesentlichen durch den zweiten Abgasstrang 106 geleitet wird, ist eine weitere Temperaturerhöhung des ersten Katalysators 108 vermieden und der zweite Katalysator 110 ist wirksam. Da der Katalysator 110 einen größeren Strömungsquerschnitt als der Katalysator 108 aufweist, stellt ein einen nur geringen Strömungswiderstand dar und ermöglicht so einen leistungs- und verbrauchsoptimierten Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine. Durch den Einsatz des Katalysators 108 kann der Katalysator 110 darüber hinaus mit einem größeren Strömungsquerschnitt ausgeführt werden, als bei Abgasanlagen mit nur einem derartigen Katalysator, bei denen aufgrund der Erwärmungszeit immer ein Kompromiss eingegangen werden muss. Vorliegend kann während der Erwärmungsphase der Katalysator 108 die Abgasreinigung übernehmen und dies sogar sehr rasch. Außerdem ist der Katalysator 110 weiter von der Brennkraftmaschine entfernt ist, als der Katalysator 108, er ist daher weniger stark temperaturbelastet und kann auch bei hoher Brennkraftmaschinenleistung, insbesondere bei Volllast, in seinem Betriebsbereich betrieben werden, ohne dass eine temperaturbedingte Schädigung droht.When the exhaust stream is passed substantially through the second exhaust line 106, further temperature increase of the first catalyst 108 is avoided and the second catalyst 110 is effective. Since the catalytic converter 110 has a larger flow cross-section than the catalytic converter 108, it represents only a low flow resistance and thus enables power and consumption-optimized operation of the internal combustion engine. By using the catalytic converter 108, the catalytic converter 110 can moreover be designed with a larger flow cross-section than with exhaust systems with only one such catalytic converter, in which a compromise always has to be made due to the heating time. In the present case, the catalyst 108 can take over the exhaust gas purification during the heating phase and this even very quickly. In addition, the catalyst 110 is farther away from the engine than the catalyst 108, it is therefore less subject to temperature and can be operated even at high engine power, especially at full load in its operating range, without any threat of temperature damage.
Figur 2 zeigt eine Abgasanlage 200 umfassend einen Katalysator 208 mit geringerem Strömungsquerschnitt und einen Katalysator 210 mit größerem Strömungsquerschnitt, wobei entweder der Katalysator 210 mit dem geringeren Strömungsquerschnitt oder der Katalysator 210 mit dem größeren Strömungsquerschnitt durchströmbar ist.FIG. 2 shows an exhaust system 200 comprising a catalyst 208 with a smaller flow cross section and a catalyst 210 with a larger flow cross section, wherein either the catalyst 210 with the smaller flow cross section or the catalyst 210 with the larger flow cross section can be flowed through.
Ein Vorkatalysator der hier nicht näher dargestellten Abgasanlage 200 einer Kraftfahrzeug-Brennkraftmaschine ist zweiteilig ausgeführt. Ein Abgaskanal 202 teilt sich an einer Abzweigung in zwei zueinander parallele Abgasstränge 204, 206 auf, die stromabwärts wieder in einen gemeinsamen Abgaskanal 214 münden. Der erste Abgasstrang 204 umfasst einen ersten brennkraftmaschinennahen Katalysator 208 mit geringerem Strömungsquerschnitt, der zweite Abgasstrang 206 bildet einen Bypass zum ersten Abgasstrang 204. Der gemeinsame Abgaskanal 214 umfasst einen zweiten brennkraftmaschinenfemen Katalysator 210 mit größerem Strömungsquerschnitt. Mittels einer Steuerklappe 216 kann der Abgasstrom zwischen erstem und zweitem Abgasstrang 204, 206 umgelenkt werden. Zur Funktionsweise und Vorteilen wird auf die Beschreibung zur Figur 1 Bezug genommen Wesentlich bei der Ausfuhrungsvariante gemäß Figur 2 ist jedoch, dass der Katalysator 210 mit dem größeren Stromungsquerschnitt beim Betrieb des Katalysators 210 mit dem geringeren Stromungsquerschnitt bereits erwärmt wirdA precatalyst of the exhaust system 200, not shown here, of a motor vehicle internal combustion engine is designed in two parts. An exhaust passage 202 is divided at a branch into two mutually parallel exhaust gas lines 204, 206, which open downstream into a common exhaust gas channel 214 again. The first exhaust line 204 comprises a first combustion engine-related catalyst 208 with a smaller flow cross-section, the second exhaust line 206 forms a bypass to the first exhaust line 204. The common exhaust passage 214 comprises a second engine-rich catalyst 210 with a larger flow cross-section. By means of a control flap 216, the exhaust gas flow between the first and second exhaust line 204, 206 are deflected. For the mode of operation and advantages, reference is made to the description for FIG. 1. However, it is essential in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 that the catalyst 210 with the larger flow cross section is already heated during operation of the catalyst 210 with the smaller flow cross section
Die erfindungsgemaße Abgasanlage kann nicht nur bei einem krummernahen Vorkatalysator eingesetzt werden, sondern auch bei anderen Katalysatortypen, beispielsweise bei eine Dreiwege-Katalysator oder einem DeNOx-KatalysatorThe exhaust system according to the invention can be used not only in a close-coupled primary catalyst, but also in other types of catalysts, for example in a three-way catalyst or a DeNOx catalyst
Mit der Erfindung wird einerseits ein schnelles Anspringen des Katalysators erreicht und andererseits werden Leistungs- und Verbrauchsnachteile durch den katalysatorbedingten Stromungswiderstand auf ein Minimum reduziert With the invention, on the one hand, a rapid onset of the catalyst is achieved and on the other hand, power and consumption disadvantages are reduced by the catalyst-induced flow resistance to a minimum

Claims

PatentansprücheAbgasanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben derselben Exhaust system and method of operating the same
1. Abgasanlage (100, 200) für eine Brennkraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeugs umfassend einen ersten Abgasstrang (104, 204) mit einem ersten brennkraftmaschinennahen Katalysator (108, 208), einen zum ersten Abgasstrang (104, 204) parallelen zweiten Abgasstrang (106, 206) und einen zweiten brennkraftmaschinenfernen Katalysator (110, 210), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Katalysator (108, 208) einen geringeren und der zweite Katalysator (110, 210) einen größeren Strömungsquerschnitt aufweist.1. An exhaust system (100, 200) for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle comprising a first exhaust line (104, 204) with a first engine-near catalyst (108, 208), a first exhaust line (104, 204) parallel second exhaust line (106, 206) and a second combustion engine remote catalyst (110, 210), characterized in that the first catalyst (108, 208) has a smaller and the second catalyst (110, 210) has a larger flow cross-section.
2. Abgasanlage (100) nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Katalysator (110) dem zweiten Abgasstrang (106) zugeordnet ist.Second exhaust system (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the second catalyst (110) is associated with the second exhaust line (106).
3. Abgasanlage (200) nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste und der zweite Abgasstrang (204, 206) stromabwärts in einen gemeinsamen Abgasstrang (214) münden und der zweite Katalysator (210) dem gemeinsamen Abgasstrang (214) zugeordnet ist. 3. exhaust system (200) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first and the second exhaust line (204, 206) downstream into a common exhaust line (214) open and the second catalyst (210) is associated with the common exhaust line (214).
4. Abgasanlage (100, 200) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste und der zweite Abgasstrang (104, 106, 204, 206) stromaufwärts aus einem gemeinsamen Abgasstrang (102, 202) abzweigen und im Bereich der Abzweigung und/oder der Mündung eine Steuerklappe (116, 216) zur Steuerung des Abgasstroms zwischen erstem und zweitem Abgasstrang (104, 106, 204, 206) vorgesehen ist.4. exhaust system (100, 200) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and the second exhaust line (104, 106, 204, 206) branch off upstream of a common exhaust line (102, 202) and in the region of the branch and / or the mouth of a control valve (116, 216) for controlling the exhaust gas flow between the first and second exhaust line (104, 106, 204, 206) is provided.
5. Abgasanlage (100, 200) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuerklappe(n) (116, 216) gesteuert oder geregelt betätigt wird/werden.5. Exhaust system (100, 200) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control flap (s) (116, 216) is controlled or controlled operated / are.
6. Verfahren zum Betrieben einer Abgasanlage (100, 200) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüchen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abgasstrom im Wesentlichen durch den ersten Katalysator (108, 208) geleitet wird, wenn die Temperatur der Abgasanlage unterhalb einer vorbestimmten Temperatur liegt.6. A method of operating an exhaust system (100, 200) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the exhaust gas stream is passed through the first catalyst (108, 208) substantially when the temperature of the exhaust system is below a predetermined temperature.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abgasstrom im Wesentlichen durch den zweiten Katalysator (110, 210) geleitet wird, wenn die Temperatur der Abgasanlage oberhalb einer vorbestimmten Temperatur liegt. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the exhaust gas flow is passed through the second catalyst (110, 210) substantially when the temperature of the exhaust system is above a predetermined temperature.
PCT/EP2008/008974 2007-11-13 2008-10-23 Exhaust gas system and method for operating the same WO2009062590A1 (en)

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