WO2009026730A1 - Tensile body for static and dynamic loads - Google Patents

Tensile body for static and dynamic loads Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009026730A1
WO2009026730A1 PCT/CH2007/000431 CH2007000431W WO2009026730A1 WO 2009026730 A1 WO2009026730 A1 WO 2009026730A1 CH 2007000431 W CH2007000431 W CH 2007000431W WO 2009026730 A1 WO2009026730 A1 WO 2009026730A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tension member
individual elements
fibers
individual
tension
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CH2007/000431
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Richard Phillips
Peter Schreiner
Daniel Schlesier
Daniel Schoepke
Original Assignee
Brugg Kabel Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Brugg Kabel Ag filed Critical Brugg Kabel Ag
Priority to PCT/CH2007/000431 priority Critical patent/WO2009026730A1/en
Publication of WO2009026730A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009026730A1/en

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Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/16Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics
    • D07B1/162Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics characterised by a plastic or rubber enveloping sheathing
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/005Composite ropes, i.e. ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material and metal wires
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/06Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
    • D07B1/0693Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core having a strand configuration
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/14Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/14Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable
    • D07B1/141Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable comprising liquid, pasty or powder agents, e.g. lubricants or anti-corrosive oils or greases
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/14Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable
    • D07B1/147Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable comprising electric conductors or elements for information transfer
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B5/00Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form
    • D07B5/005Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form characterised by their outer shape or surface properties
    • D07B5/006Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form characterised by their outer shape or surface properties by the properties of an outer surface polymeric coating
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/22Flat or flat-sided ropes; Sets of ropes consisting of a series of parallel ropes
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2001Wires or filaments
    • D07B2201/2002Wires or filaments characterised by their cross-sectional shape
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2001Wires or filaments
    • D07B2201/2002Wires or filaments characterised by their cross-sectional shape
    • D07B2201/2003Wires or filaments characterised by their cross-sectional shape flat
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2001Wires or filaments
    • D07B2201/2002Wires or filaments characterised by their cross-sectional shape
    • D07B2201/2005Wires or filaments characterised by their cross-sectional shape oval
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2001Wires or filaments
    • D07B2201/201Wires or filaments characterised by a coating
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2001Wires or filaments
    • D07B2201/201Wires or filaments characterised by a coating
    • D07B2201/2011Wires or filaments characterised by a coating comprising metals
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2001Wires or filaments
    • D07B2201/201Wires or filaments characterised by a coating
    • D07B2201/2012Wires or filaments characterised by a coating comprising polymers
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2015Strands
    • D07B2201/2042Strands characterised by a coating
    • D07B2201/2044Strands characterised by a coating comprising polymers
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2015Strands
    • D07B2201/2046Strands comprising fillers
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2047Cores
    • D07B2201/2052Cores characterised by their structure
    • D07B2201/2065Cores characterised by their structure comprising a coating
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2071Spacers
    • D07B2201/2072Spacers characterised by the materials used
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2071Spacers
    • D07B2201/2073Spacers in circumferencial direction
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2071Spacers
    • D07B2201/2074Spacers in radial direction
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2075Fillers
    • D07B2201/2076Fillers having a lubricant function
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2083Jackets or coverings
    • D07B2201/2084Jackets or coverings characterised by their shape
    • D07B2201/2086Jackets or coverings characterised by their shape concerning the external shape
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2083Jackets or coverings
    • D07B2201/2087Jackets or coverings being of the coated type
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2095Auxiliary components, e.g. electric conductors or light guides
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2095Auxiliary components, e.g. electric conductors or light guides
    • D07B2201/2096Light guides
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/20Organic high polymers
    • D07B2205/2046Polyamides, e.g. nylons
    • D07B2205/205Aramides
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3021Metals
    • D07B2205/3025Steel
    • D07B2205/3028Stainless steel
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3021Metals
    • D07B2205/3064Chromium (Cr)
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3021Metals
    • D07B2205/3071Zinc (Zn)
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3021Metals
    • D07B2205/3085Alloys, i.e. non ferrous
    • D07B2205/3089Brass, i.e. copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) alloys
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/50Lubricants
    • D07B2205/505Greases
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2501/00Application field
    • D07B2501/20Application field related to ropes or cables
    • D07B2501/2007Elevators
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07BROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2501/00Application field
    • D07B2501/20Application field related to ropes or cables
    • D07B2501/2015Construction industries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flexible, deflectable tension member for static and dynamic loads, in particular for passenger lifts, goods lifts, cranes and vehicles, which tension member comprises at least one strand of tensile individual elements, such as fibers, wires and / or bands. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of the tension member.
  • Flexible, deflectable tension members are in practice pull cords or pull cables, in particular of round or flat cross-section.
  • Commercially available wires e.g. made of high-strength steel, stranded as a basic element into strands. These in turn can be twisted into ropes and / or offered in a plastic sheath as a finished product, cut from a roll or in a fixed length with two Anank fürsend Swissen.
  • a running tension member which is movable in its longitudinal axis about at least one deflection roller.
  • the tension member comprises a plastic sheath and a wire bundle embedded therein and forming a core.
  • This itself consists of a number of high-strength wires, which are arranged approximately parallel or only slightly twisted to each other.
  • WO 2005/054569 A3 describes a flexible tensioning device that can be wound up and unwound.
  • the core strand of each stranded rope is enveloped by a flexible thermosplastic plastic layer.
  • the coating of the finished core strand prior to stranding with other, uncoated strands in direct contact increases the flexibility of a conventional stranded rope considerably.
  • the invention has for its object to further improve a tension member of the type described above to reduce the cost and make the traction member accessible to other areas of use.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention in that at least a portion of the individual elements of the strands are kept at a distance by a feed and / or filling material.
  • Special and further embodiments of the tension member are the subject of dependent claims.
  • the coating of the individual elements preferably consists of at least one thermoplastic material, they are extruded, wound up or applied by another customary chemical or physical process.
  • thermoplastic materials also crosslinked polymers, offer • in particular thermoplastic elastomers, such as PTFE
  • PE Polytetrafluoroethylene
  • PE polyethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • PS polystyrene
  • PA polyamide
  • TPU polyurethane
  • An essential feature of the coatings is their high adhesion to the substrate and to several layers of the layers.
  • Adhesive strength can be applied by a previously applied to the single element
  • Primer or in several layers can be improved by an intermediate layer.
  • the applied layer or the outermost applied layer has a low sliding resistance, in which case the layer is self-lubricating.
  • the lubricity of the layers can be further improved by at least one of the following measures:
  • a lubricating layer is applied, in particular a grease, an oil or a surface-active additive, or surface compound.
  • the outer mantle! has a surface roughness Ra of 1-5 ⁇ m.
  • coatings of bare single metal elements with an adhesive lubricant e.g. a per se known high molecular weight lubricant, applied in practice even a few microns thick.
  • the lubricity of the individual elements and / or the strands is greatly increased in the longitudinal direction, which greatly increases the flexibility of the tension member during deflection and its life.
  • the thickness of the coatings varies widely, depending on the dimensions and shape to be coated individual elements and / or strands.
  • the layer thicknesses are suitably in the range of 5 microns to 10 mm.
  • specific additives can be added to the coatings, for example for marking, for changing the adhesion, chemical, physical and / or mechanical protection or for improving the wear resistance.
  • tension elements and the strands may have all the usual cross-sectional shapes in practice, for example, round, oval, egg-shaped or polygonal.
  • fibers preferably of aramid (Kevlar), can be formed between the individual elements of a strand,
  • Glass, carbon or plastic and / or a powder preferably of a thermoplastic, e.g. of PTFE (Teflon, tetrafluoroethylene) or of another mentioned coating material.
  • a thermoplastic e.g. of PTFE (Teflon, tetrafluoroethylene) or of another mentioned coating material.
  • Fillers hold the individual elements of a strand or the strands themselves in
  • the tension elements of the strands are preferably made of a metal, for example of steel of high tensile strength, in particular from about 2300 to about 3500 N / mm 2 , which may also be stainless and / or coated with zinc, chromium or brass.
  • the individual strands preferably have a lay length of at most 12x0 (diameter), in particular 7x0.
  • the peel strength of the coating over twice the lay length of a strand is greater than about 150 N / mm, ie very high.
  • At least one individual element of a strand is replaced by a loose tube with optical glass fibers as the optical waveguide.
  • At least one individual element of a strand is replaced by at least one electrically highly conductive wire or a wire strand, preferably copper or aluminum with an electrically insulating sheath of a thermoplastic material.
  • At least one element may also be replaced by a loose tube with optical fibers as the optical waveguide and at least one single element by at least one electrically highly conductive wire or strand.
  • a pulling member with at least one electrical and / or optical conductor can be used for data transmission, in particular with respect to
  • Parameter are transmitted, for example, the temperature and / or humidity. If one or more tension elements are made of electrically highly conductive material, the tension element according to the invention can also be used to transmit electrical power currents.
  • the inventive flexible, deflectable tension member has the following main advantages even without optical or electrical conductors:
  • the material fatigue lasts twice as long as with conventional ropes of the same cross section and the same structure, the minimum bending radius is much lower.
  • the losses in tensile strength with age are up to about 20% lower.
  • the friction / tensile behavior is determined by the composition of the outer coating and its texture or surface roughness.
  • the cross-section can be reduced to about 30%.
  • FIG. 5 shows a band with strands according to FIG. 4
  • FIG. 13 shows a variant of Fig. 4 with external helical
  • FIGS. 14, 15 show a variant of FIG. 4 with optical conductors
  • Fig. 1 shows various cross-sectional shapes of a single element 10 with elliptical, square and elongated cross-section.
  • the wires and the band in the present case are made of stainless steel.
  • a circular or band-shaped individual element 10 according to FIG. 2 has an all-round coating 12 made of a thermoplastic.
  • the thickness of the layer is at a wire diameter of 1 mm at about 0.2 mm.
  • the band-shaped individual element 10 of a thickness of 0.2 mm is provided with a coating of about 1 mm on both sides.
  • Fig. 3 in a variant, two circular in cross-section parallel extending individual elements 10 are provided with a coating 12 and have a cross-connection 14 of the coating material.
  • band-shaped individual elements 10 are flat Tension member 16 united, which can be rolled up and down and has a high tensile strength.
  • the embodiments according to FIG. 3 are referred to as strands, even if they are not twisted.
  • a strand 18 according to FIG. 4 has eight circumferentially arranged wire-shaped individual elements 10 in the form of wires with a larger radius, which are held in recesses of the inner side 22 of an outer shell 20 at a tangential distance and are adhesively secured. In the core area thinner, wire-shaped individual elements 10 are neither coated nor kept at a distance. Essential is the distance between the eight outer wire-shaped individual elements 10 from each other.
  • the strand 18 according to FIG. 4 can be used separately as a tension member 16, but can also be stranded with other strands 18 or otherwise combined to form a multi-shaped tension member 16. 5, this is illustrated by means of a straight band-shaped tension member 16, eight strands 18 according to FIG. 4 or one of the following FIGS. 5 to 17 are embedded in a thermoplastic material 26. According to embodiments not shown, the band-shaped tension member according to FIG. 4 may also be arched or serpentine with respect to the cross section.
  • the strand 18 shown in FIG. 6, which can be used as a tension member 16, differs from that of FIG. 5 in that the inner individual elements 10 of a smaller wire diameter are completely coated with a thermoplastic material 12. As a result, the strands 18 used individually or in combination gain further flexibility.
  • the single element 10 arranged in the core is replaced by a single or twisted fibers 28 made of a tensile inorganic or organic material, in particular aramide fibers.
  • the individual elements 10 of the inner layer of thinner steel wires or twisted fibers also according to FIG. 6 be coated with a thermoplastic material, in particular with PTFE, TPU or PE. This also applies to all subsequent FIGS. 10 to 17.
  • a coating of the individual elements 10 is likewise possible, but hardly necessary.
  • fibers 28 and powders or granules 30 can also be used in combination of FIGS. 8 and 9.
  • thermoplastic polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, graphite or molybdenum sulfide are suitable as powders or granules.
  • a coating of the individual elements 10 can also take place according to FIGS. 8 and 9, but does not bring much.
  • the inside 22 of the outer shell 20 is provided with a primer 24, a primer coating.
  • the outer layer of the individual elements 10 is embedded exclusively in this primer 24 and adhesively connected thereto.
  • the strand 18, which can be used as a pulling element 16 according to FIG. 10, comprises three layers of individual elements 10, which have a wire diameter decreasing from the outside to the inside. As mentioned, the wires of the individual elements 10 can always also be twisted fibers.
  • the outermost layer of individual elements 10 is completely embedded in the outer jacket 20 and an inner layer 32.
  • the central layer of individual elements 10 is still partially embedded in the inner layer 32 and adhesively secured thereto so as to be tangentially spaced, in accordance with the object of the present invention.
  • the innermost layer of individual elements and the central single element 10 may, but need not be, coated. With this arrangement, an increased adhesion between the outer layer of individual elements 10 and in particular the outer layer 20 can be achieved. This also applies to contaminated surfaces of individual elements 10.
  • a core layer 34 which also consists of thermoplastic material, is arranged at a distance from the outer layer 20.
  • the outer layer of individual elements 10 is held exclusively in the outer casing 20 and fastened adhesively at a tangential distance.
  • the middle and inner layers of individual elements 10 are also arranged in the core layer 34 at a peripheral distance. This results in increased flexibility. Furthermore, the material fatigue can be delayed.
  • the outermost layer of individual elements 10 is also held only in the inner layer 32 at a peripheral distance and fixed by adhesion.
  • the outer and inner layers 20, 32 do not bind to each other, and therefore an adhesion layer 36 is interposed therebetween.
  • the essential distance of a portion of the individual elements 10 for the outermost layer is by far the most significant, it is advantageous to also keep the inner layers of individual elements at a distance, e.g. in a coating of the individual elements 10 and / or the arrangement of filling material. Not shown in FIG. 12, it may therefore be advantageous for corresponding requirements to the tension member 16 to keep at least the sautäusserste layer of individual elements 10 at a distance.
  • the outer shell 20 may have on its outer side spirally extending grooves 40, which remove impurities such as dust, fat residues, etc. from the traction sheave. At least a portion of the grooves may be covered with a protruding, easily deformable band 42 which enhances the action of the grooves.
  • individual or a plurality of individual elements 10 can conduct electrical signals with anchoring end pieces arranged on both sides and with one Microprocessor, sensors and other peripheral devices connected.
  • FIGS. 14 and 15 show that this can also be done via optical conductors 44.
  • the central single element 10 of the previous figures is replaced by a steel or rigid polymer tube with three glass fibers.
  • five of the ten individual cores 10 are replaced by an optical conductor 44 each having a bundle core containing a glass fiber.
  • the light pulses are converted into electrical signals via an optocoupler.
  • At least one individual element 10 of a tensile material, in particular steel, is replaced by one or more substantially better electrical conductors 46, in particular of copper or aluminum or an alloy of these metals, in particular with an electrically insulating layer a thermoplastic.
  • electrical conductors 46 in particular of copper or aluminum or an alloy of these metals, in particular with an electrically insulating layer a thermoplastic.
  • optical or electrical conductors may be in any number at any location, e.g. 14 to 17 are used, but not usually in the outermost layer of individual elements 10. Further, individual elements 10, optical conductors 44 and electrical conductors 46 may be individually equipped with a coating. With or without coatings spacers in the form of fibers 28 and / or powders or granules 30 may be provided.

Abstract

A flexible, deflectable tensile body (16) is used for static and dynamic loads, in particular for passenger lifts, goods lifts, cranes and vehicles. The tensile body (16) comprises at least one stranded wire (18) mad from tensile individual elements (10) such as fibres, wires and/or strips. At last some of the individual elements (10)of the stranded wire (18) are held apart by means of a coating (12) and/or a filler in the form of fibres (28) and/or pourable powder or granules (30). In preferred designs at least one individual element (10) of a stranded wire (18) is replaced by a good electrical conductor wire (46) or an optical fibre (44).

Description

Zugorgan für statische und dynamische Lasten Tension member for static and dynamic loads
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein flexibles, umlenkbares Zugorgan für statische und dynamische Lasten, insbesondere für Personenlifte, Warenlifte, Krane und Fahrzeuge, welches Zugorgan wenigstens eine Litze aus zugfesten Einzelelementen, wie Fasern, Drähten und/oder Bändern umfasst. Weiter betrifft die Erfindung die Verwendung des Zugorgans.The invention relates to a flexible, deflectable tension member for static and dynamic loads, in particular for passenger lifts, goods lifts, cranes and vehicles, which tension member comprises at least one strand of tensile individual elements, such as fibers, wires and / or bands. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of the tension member.
Flexible, umlenkbare Zugorgane sind in der Praxis Zugseile oder Zugkabel, insbesondere von rundem oder flachem Querschnitt. In handelsüblicher Form sind Drähte, z.B. aus hochfestem Stahl, als Grundelement zu Litzen verseilt. Diese können ihrerseits zu Seilen verdrillt und/oder in einem Kunststoffmantel als fertiges Produkt angeboten, von einer Rolle ablängbar oder in festgelegter Länge mit zwei Verankerungsendstücken.Flexible, deflectable tension members are in practice pull cords or pull cables, in particular of round or flat cross-section. Commercially available wires, e.g. made of high-strength steel, stranded as a basic element into strands. These in turn can be twisted into ropes and / or offered in a plastic sheath as a finished product, cut from a roll or in a fixed length with two Anankerungsendstücken.
In der EP 1498542 A1 wird ein laufendes Zugorgan beschrieben, das in seiner Längsachse um wenigstens eine Umlenkrolle bewegbar ist. Das Zugorgan umfasst einen Kunststoffmantel und ein in diesem eingebettetes, einen Kern bildendes Drahtbündel. Dieses selbst besteht aus einer Anzahl von hochfesten Drähten, die annähernd parallel oder nur leicht verdrillt zueinander angeordnet sind. Dadurch kann beim Umlenken die Materialermüdung vermindert und der Elastizitätsmodul erheblich erhöht werden.In EP 1498542 A1 a running tension member is described, which is movable in its longitudinal axis about at least one deflection roller. The tension member comprises a plastic sheath and a wire bundle embedded therein and forming a core. This itself consists of a number of high-strength wires, which are arranged approximately parallel or only slightly twisted to each other. As a result, the material fatigue can be reduced during deflection and the modulus of elasticity can be increased considerably.
Weiter beschreibt die WO 2005/054569 A3 ein flexibles, auf- und abwickelbares Zugorgan. Die Kernlitze jedes Litzenseils ist von einer flexiblen thermosplastischen Kunststoffschicht umhüllt. Die Beschichtung der fertigen Kernlitze vor dem Verseilen mit anderen, unbeschichteten Litzen im Direktkontakt erhöht die Flexibilität eines üblichen Litzenseils beträchtlich.Furthermore, WO 2005/054569 A3 describes a flexible tensioning device that can be wound up and unwound. The core strand of each stranded rope is enveloped by a flexible thermosplastic plastic layer. The coating of the finished core strand prior to stranding with other, uncoated strands in direct contact increases the flexibility of a conventional stranded rope considerably.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Zugorgan der eingangs beschriebenen Art weiter zu verbessern, die Herstellungskosten herabzusetzen und das Zugorgan weiteren Verwendungsgebieten zugänglich machen.The invention has for its object to further improve a tension member of the type described above to reduce the cost and make the traction member accessible to other areas of use.
Bezüglich des Zugorgans wird die Aufgabe erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass wenigstens ein Teil der Einzelelemente der Litzen durch eine Beschickung und/oder Füllmaterial in Abstand gehalten sind. Spezielle und weiterbildende Ausführungsformen des Zugorgans sind Gegenstand von abhängigen Patentansprüchen.With respect to the tension member, the object is achieved according to the invention in that at least a portion of the individual elements of the strands are kept at a distance by a feed and / or filling material. Special and further embodiments of the tension member are the subject of dependent claims.
Die Beschichtung der Einzelelemente besteht bevorzugt aus wenigstens einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff, sie werden aufextrudiert, aufgewickelt oder nach einem anderen üblichen chemischen oder physikalischen Verfahren aufgebracht. Als thermoplastische Materialien, auch vernetzte Polymere, bieten • sich insbesondere thermoplastische Elastomere, wie PTFEThe coating of the individual elements preferably consists of at least one thermoplastic material, they are extruded, wound up or applied by another customary chemical or physical process. As thermoplastic materials, also crosslinked polymers, offer • in particular thermoplastic elastomers, such as PTFE
(Polytetrafluorethylen), PE (Polyethylen), PP (Polypropylen), PS (Polystyrol), PA (Polyamid) und/oder TPU (Polyurethan), an. Es können auch mehrere(Polytetrafluoroethylene), PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), PS (polystyrene), PA (polyamide) and / or TPU (polyurethane). There can also be several
Schichten aus dem gleichen oder unterschiedlichem Material aufgetragen werden.Layers of the same or different material are applied.
Ein wesentliches Merkmal der Beschichtungen ist deren hohe Haftung auf dem Substrat und bei mehreren Schichten der Schichten untereinander. DieAn essential feature of the coatings is their high adhesion to the substrate and to several layers of the layers. The
Haftfestigkeit kann durch einen vorgängig auf das Einzelelement aufgebrachtenAdhesive strength can be applied by a previously applied to the single element
Primer oder bei mehreren Schichten durch eine Zwischenschicht verbessert werden. Zweckmässig weist die aufgetragene Schicht beziehungsweise die äusserste aufgetragene Schicht einen geringen Gleitwiderstand auf, in diesem Fall ist die Schicht selbstschmierend.Primer or in several layers can be improved by an intermediate layer. Expediently, the applied layer or the outermost applied layer has a low sliding resistance, in which case the layer is self-lubricating.
Die Gleitfähigkeit der Schichten kann durch wenigstens eine der folgenden Massnahmen weiter verbessert werden:The lubricity of the layers can be further improved by at least one of the following measures:
- Auf der Beschichtung ist eine Schmierschicht aufgetragen, insbesondere ein Fett, ein Öl oder ein oberflächenaktives Additiv, oder Oberflächencompound. - Der Aussenmante! hat eine Oberflächenrauhigkeit von Ra von 1 - 5 μm.- On the coating, a lubricating layer is applied, in particular a grease, an oil or a surface-active additive, or surface compound. - The outer mantle! has a surface roughness Ra of 1-5 μm.
Als Variante sind Beschichtungen von blanken metallischen Einzelelementen mit einem haftenden Schmiermittel, z.B. einem an sich bekanntes Hochmolekular-Schmiermittel, aufgetragen, in der Praxis auch nur einige Mikrometer dick.As a variant, coatings of bare single metal elements with an adhesive lubricant, e.g. a per se known high molecular weight lubricant, applied in practice even a few microns thick.
Durch die vorerwähnten Massnahmen wird die Gleitfähigkeit der Einzelelemente und/oder der Litzen in Längsrichtung stark erhöht, was die Flexibilität des Zugorgans beim Umlenken und dessen Lebensdauer stark erhöht.By the aforementioned measures, the lubricity of the individual elements and / or the strands is greatly increased in the longitudinal direction, which greatly increases the flexibility of the tension member during deflection and its life.
Die Dicke der Beschichtungen variiert in weiten Grenzen, je nach den Dimensionen und der Form zu beschichtenden Einzelelemente und/oder Litzen. In der Praxis liegen die Schichtdicken zweckmässig im Bereich von 5 μm bis 10 mm.The thickness of the coatings varies widely, depending on the dimensions and shape to be coated individual elements and / or strands. In practice, the layer thicknesses are suitably in the range of 5 microns to 10 mm.
Je nach Verwendung es Zugorgans und dessen Funktionalität können den Beschichtungen spezifische Additive zugegeben werden, beispielsweise zur Markierung, zur Änderung der Adhäsion, dem chemischen, physikalischen und/oder mechanischen Schutz oder zur Verbesserung der Verschleissfestigkeit.Depending on the use of the traction element and its functionality, specific additives can be added to the coatings, for example for marking, for changing the adhesion, chemical, physical and / or mechanical protection or for improving the wear resistance.
Die Zugelemente und die Litzen können alle in der Praxis üblichen Querschnittformen aufweisen, beispielsweise rund, oval, eiförmig oder polygonal. Zusätzlich zu oder an Stelle einer Beschichtung können zwischen den Einzelelementen einer Litze Fasern, vorzugsweise aus Aramid (Kevlar),The tension elements and the strands may have all the usual cross-sectional shapes in practice, for example, round, oval, egg-shaped or polygonal. In addition to or instead of a coating, fibers, preferably of aramid (Kevlar), can be formed between the individual elements of a strand,
Glas, Kohlenstoff oder Kunststoff und/oder ein Pulver, vorzugsweise aus einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff, z.B. aus PTFE (Teflon, Tetrafluorethylen) oder aus einem anderen erwähnten Beschichtungsmaterial angeordnet sein. DieseGlass, carbon or plastic and / or a powder, preferably of a thermoplastic, e.g. of PTFE (Teflon, tetrafluoroethylene) or of another mentioned coating material. These
Füllmaterialien halten die Einzelelemente einer Litze oder die Litzen selbst inFillers hold the individual elements of a strand or the strands themselves in
Abstand voneinander, wenigstens etwa 0,1 mm. Dadurch ist eine gute Längsverschiebbarkeit der einzelnen Zugelemente gegeben und die ausserordentlich hohe Flexibilität des Zugorgans gewährleistet.Distance from each other, at least about 0.1 mm. This is a good one Longitudinal displacement of the individual tension elements given and ensures the exceptionally high flexibility of the tension member.
Die Zugelemente der Litzen bestehen vorzugsweise aus einem Metall, beispielsweise aus Stahl einer hohen Zugfestigkeit, insbesondere von etwa 2300 bis etwa 3500 N/mm2, welcher auch rostfrei und/oder mit Zink, Chrom oder Messing beschichtet sein kann.The tension elements of the strands are preferably made of a metal, for example of steel of high tensile strength, in particular from about 2300 to about 3500 N / mm 2 , which may also be stainless and / or coated with zinc, chromium or brass.
Die einzelnen Litzen haben vorzugsweise eine Schlaglänge von höchstens 12x0 (Durchmesser), insbesondere von 7x0. Die Ablösungskraft der Beschichtung über die doppelte Schlaglänge einer Litze ist grösser als etwa 150N/mm, also sehr hoch.The individual strands preferably have a lay length of at most 12x0 (diameter), in particular 7x0. The peel strength of the coating over twice the lay length of a strand is greater than about 150 N / mm, ie very high.
Nach einer ersten besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist wenigstens ein Einzelelement einer Litze durch eine Bündelader mit optischen Glasfasern als Lichtwellenleiter ersetzt.According to a first particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least one individual element of a strand is replaced by a loose tube with optical glass fibers as the optical waveguide.
Nach einer weiteren besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist wenigstens ein Einzelelement einer Litze durch wenigstens einen elektrisch gut leitenden Draht oder eine Draht-Litze ersetzt, vorzugsweise aus Kupfer oder Aluminium mit einer elektrisch isolierenden Ummantelung aus einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff.According to a further particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least one individual element of a strand is replaced by at least one electrically highly conductive wire or a wire strand, preferably copper or aluminum with an electrically insulating sheath of a thermoplastic material.
Selbstverständlich können in einem Zugorgan auch wenigstens ein Element durch eine Bündelader mit optischen Glasfasern als Lichtwellenleiter und wenigstens ein Einzelelement durch wenigstens einen elektrisch gut leitenden Draht oder eine Litze ersetzt werden.Of course, in a pulling member, at least one element may also be replaced by a loose tube with optical fibers as the optical waveguide and at least one single element by at least one electrically highly conductive wire or strand.
Ein Zugorgan mit wenigstens einem elektrischen und/oder optischen Leiter kann für die Datenübermittlung benutzt werden, insbesondere bezüglich derA pulling member with at least one electrical and / or optical conductor can be used for data transmission, in particular with respect to
Belastung, der restlichen Lebensdauer, wesentlicher Störungen, der Fälligkeit von Unterhaltsarbeiten und den Ersatz des Zugorgans. Weiter können externe H2007/000431Load, remaining service life, essential faults, the due date of maintenance work and the replacement of the tension member. Next can external H2007 / 000431
Parameter übermittelt werden, beispielsweise betreffend die Temperatur und/oder die Luftfeuchtigkeit. Falls einzelne oder mehrere Zugelemente aus elektrische gut leitendem Material bestehen, kann das erfindungsgemässe Zugorgan auch zur Übermittlung von elektrischen Leistungsströmen verwendet werden.Parameter are transmitted, for example, the temperature and / or humidity. If one or more tension elements are made of electrically highly conductive material, the tension element according to the invention can also be used to transmit electrical power currents.
Das erfindungsgemässe flexible, umlenkbare Zugorgan weist auch ohne optische oder elektrische Leiter folgende hauptsächliche Vorteile auf:The inventive flexible, deflectable tension member has the following main advantages even without optical or electrical conductors:
- Höhere Leistungsfähigkeit. Die Materialermüdung dauert doppelt so lange wie bei konventionellen Seilen gleichen Querschnitts und gleicher Struktur, der minimale Biegeradius ist wesentlich geringer. Die Verluste an Zugfestigkeit mit dem Alter sind bis zu etwa 20% niedriger. Das Reibungs-/ Zugverhalten wird durch die Zusammensetzung der äusseren Beschichtung und deren Textur beziehungsweise Oberflächenrauhigkeit bestimmt.- Higher efficiency. The material fatigue lasts twice as long as with conventional ropes of the same cross section and the same structure, the minimum bending radius is much lower. The losses in tensile strength with age are up to about 20% lower. The friction / tensile behavior is determined by the composition of the outer coating and its texture or surface roughness.
- Höhere Sicherheit. Die schädigenden Einwirkungen der Umgebungsatmosphäre werden eingeschränkt.- Higher security. The damaging effects of the ambient atmosphere are limited.
- Höherer Komfort. Die niedrigeren Vibrationen erzeugen weniger Geräusche.- Higher comfort. The lower vibrations produce less noise.
- Kostenersparnis. Gegenüber üblichen Verseilungstechniken ergeben der Herstellungsprozess mit weniger Produktionsschritten und die geringeren Unterhaltsarbeiten wesentliche Kosteneinsparungen.- Cost savings. Compared to conventional stranding techniques, the manufacturing process with fewer production steps and the lower maintenance work result in significant cost savings.
- Bei gleicher Leistung kann der Querschnitt bis etwa 30% reduziert werden.- For the same performance, the cross-section can be reduced to about 30%.
- Die Beeinflussung der Funktionalität über verschiedene Additive eröffnet ein breites Verwendungsfeld.- Influencing functionality via various additives opens up a broad field of application.
Besondere Vorteile bietet, wie erwähnt, die Bestückung des Zugorgans mit optischen und elektrischen Leitern, insbesondere dank der erleichterten Übertragung von Signalen.Special advantages, as mentioned, the equipping of the tension member with optical and electrical conductors, in particular thanks to the facilitated Transmission of signals.
Die Erfindung wird anhand von in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen, welche auch Gegenstand von abhängigen Patentansprüchen sind, näher erläutert. Die Querschnitte zeigen schematisch:The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments shown in the drawing, which are also the subject of dependent claims. The cross sections show schematically:
- Fig. 1 unbeschichtete Einzelelemente- Fig. 1 uncoated individual elements
- Fig. 2 beschichtete Einzelelemente- Fig. 2 coated individual elements
- Fig. 3 beschichtete Multielemente (Einzelelemente) - Fig. 4 eine Litze mit einem Aussenmantel- Fig. 3 coated multi-elements (individual elements) - Fig. 4 a strand with an outer sheath
- Fig. 5 ein Band mit Litzen gemäss Fig. 45 shows a band with strands according to FIG. 4
- Fig. 6 - 12 Varianten von verdrillten Litzen- Fig. 6 - 12 variants of twisted strands
- Fig. 13 eine Variante von Fig. 4 mit äusseren schraubenförmigen- Fig. 13 shows a variant of Fig. 4 with external helical
Nuten. - Fig. 14, 15 eine Variante von Fig. 4 mit optischen Leitern, undGrooves. FIGS. 14, 15 show a variant of FIG. 4 with optical conductors, and FIGS
- Fig. 16, 17 mit elektrischen Leitern.- Fig. 16, 17 with electrical conductors.
Fig. 1 zeigt verschiedene Querschnittsformen eines Einzelelementes 10 mit elliptischem, quadratischem und langrechteckigem Querschnitt. Die Drähte und das Band bestehen vorliegend aus rostfreiem Stahl.Fig. 1 shows various cross-sectional shapes of a single element 10 with elliptical, square and elongated cross-section. The wires and the band in the present case are made of stainless steel.
Ein gemäss Fig. 2 kreisrund oder bandförmig ausgebildetes Einzelelement 10 weist eine allseitige Beschichtung 12 aus einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff auf. Beim kreisrunden Einzelelement 10 liegt die Dicke der Schicht bei einem Drahtdurchmesser von 1 mm etwa bei 0,2 mm. Das bandförmige Einzelelement 10 einer Dicke von 0,2 mm ist mit einer beidseitigen Beschichtung von rund 1 mm versehen.A circular or band-shaped individual element 10 according to FIG. 2 has an all-round coating 12 made of a thermoplastic. When circular single element 10, the thickness of the layer is at a wire diameter of 1 mm at about 0.2 mm. The band-shaped individual element 10 of a thickness of 0.2 mm is provided with a coating of about 1 mm on both sides.
In Fig. 3 sind nach einer Variante zwei im Querschnitt kreisförmige parallel verlaufende Einzelelemente 10 mit einer Beschichtung 12 versehen und weisen eine Querverbindung 14 aus dem Beschichtungsmaterial auf. Nach einer zweiten Variante sind bandförmige Einzelelemente 10 zu einem flachen Zugorgan 16 vereinigt, das auf- und abgerollt werden kann und eine hohe Zugfestigkeit aufweist. Sinngemäss werden die Ausführungsformen gemäss Fig. 3 als Litzen bezeichnet, auch wenn sie nicht verdrillt sind.In Fig. 3, in a variant, two circular in cross-section parallel extending individual elements 10 are provided with a coating 12 and have a cross-connection 14 of the coating material. According to a second variant, band-shaped individual elements 10 are flat Tension member 16 united, which can be rolled up and down and has a high tensile strength. Analogously, the embodiments according to FIG. 3 are referred to as strands, even if they are not twisted.
Eine Litze 18 gemäss Fig. 4 hat acht peripher angeordnete drahtförmige Einzelelemente 10 in Form von Drähten mit einem grosseren Radius, welche in Vertiefungen der Innenseite 22 eines Aussenmantels 20 in tangentialem Abstand gehaltert und adhäsiv befestigt sind. Im Kernbereich sind dünnere, drahtförmige Einzelelemente 10 weder beschichtet noch in Abstand gehalten. Wesentlich ist der Abstand der acht äusseren drahtförmigen Einzelelemente 10 voneinander.A strand 18 according to FIG. 4 has eight circumferentially arranged wire-shaped individual elements 10 in the form of wires with a larger radius, which are held in recesses of the inner side 22 of an outer shell 20 at a tangential distance and are adhesively secured. In the core area thinner, wire-shaped individual elements 10 are neither coated nor kept at a distance. Essential is the distance between the eight outer wire-shaped individual elements 10 from each other.
Die Litze 18 gemäss Fig. 4 kann, wie diejenigen der übrigen Figuren, separat als Zugorgan 16 verwendet werden, aber auch mit weiteren Litzen 18 verseilt oder sonstwie zu einem mehrgestaltigen Zugorgan 16 vereinigt sein. In Fig. 5 ist dies anhand eines geraden bandförmigen Zugorgans 16 dargestellt, es sind acht Litzen 18 gemäss Fig. 4 oder einer der nachfolgenden Fig. 5 bis 17 in einen thermoplastischen Kunststoff 26 eingebettet. Nach nicht dargestellten Ausführungsformen kann das bandförmige Zugorgan gemäss Fig. 4 bezüglich des Querschnitts auch gewölbt oder schlangenlinienförmig ausgebildet sein.The strand 18 according to FIG. 4, like those of the other figures, can be used separately as a tension member 16, but can also be stranded with other strands 18 or otherwise combined to form a multi-shaped tension member 16. 5, this is illustrated by means of a straight band-shaped tension member 16, eight strands 18 according to FIG. 4 or one of the following FIGS. 5 to 17 are embedded in a thermoplastic material 26. According to embodiments not shown, the band-shaped tension member according to FIG. 4 may also be arched or serpentine with respect to the cross section.
Die in Fig. 6 dargestellte, als Zugorgan 16 einsetzbare Litze 18 unterscheidet sich von derjenigen von Fig. 5 dadurch, dass die inneren Einzelelemente 10 eines kleineren Drahtdurchmessers mit einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff 12 rundum beschichtet sind. Dadurch gewinnen die einzeln oder im Verbund eingesetzten Litzen 18 weiter an Flexibilität.The strand 18 shown in FIG. 6, which can be used as a tension member 16, differs from that of FIG. 5 in that the inner individual elements 10 of a smaller wire diameter are completely coated with a thermoplastic material 12. As a result, the strands 18 used individually or in combination gain further flexibility.
In einer Variante von Fig. 4 nach Fig. 7 ist das im Kern angeordnete Einzelelement 10 durch eine einzelne oder verdrillte Fasern 28 aus einem zugfesten anorganischen oder organischen Material ersetzt, insbesondere Aramidfasem. Selbstverständlich können die Einzelelemente 10 der inneren Lage aus dünneren Stahldrähten oder verdrillten Fasern auch gemäss Fig. 6 mit einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff beschichtet sein, insbesondere mit PTFE, TPU oder PE. Dies gilt auch für alle nachfolgenden Figuren 10 bis 17.In a variant of FIG. 4 according to FIG. 7, the single element 10 arranged in the core is replaced by a single or twisted fibers 28 made of a tensile inorganic or organic material, in particular aramide fibers. Of course, the individual elements 10 of the inner layer of thinner steel wires or twisted fibers also according to FIG. 6 be coated with a thermoplastic material, in particular with PTFE, TPU or PE. This also applies to all subsequent FIGS. 10 to 17.
In den Ausführungsformen nach Fig. 8 und 9 ist eine BeSchichtung der Einzelelemente 10 ebenfalls möglich, jedoch kaum notwendig. Zwischen den Einzelelementen 10 ist Füllmaterial in Form von Fasern 28 gemäss Fig. 7 oder schüttfähige organische und/oder anorganische Pulver beziehungsweise Granalien 30 als Abstandshalter angeordnet. Selbstverständlich können in Kombination von Fig. 8 und 9 auch Fasern 28 und Pulver beziehungsweise Granalien 30 eingesetzt werden. Als Pulver beziehungsweise Granalien eignen sich insbesondere thermoplastisches Polyurethan, Polytetrafluorethylen, Polyethylen, Grafit oder Molybdänsulfid. Eine Beschichtung der Einzelelemente 10 kann auch gemäss Fig. 8 und 9 erfolgen, bringt jedoch nicht viel.In the embodiments according to FIGS. 8 and 9, a coating of the individual elements 10 is likewise possible, but hardly necessary. Between the individual elements 10 filling material in the form of fibers 28 as shown in FIG. 7 or pourable organic and / or inorganic powder or granules 30 is arranged as a spacer. Of course, fibers 28 and powders or granules 30 can also be used in combination of FIGS. 8 and 9. In particular, thermoplastic polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, graphite or molybdenum sulfide are suitable as powders or granules. A coating of the individual elements 10 can also take place according to FIGS. 8 and 9, but does not bring much.
Weiter ist in Fig. 9 die Innenseite 22 des Aussenmantels 20 mit einem Primer 24, einer Grundierbeschichtung, versehen. Die äussere Lage der Einzelelemente 10 ist ausschliesslich in diesen Primer 24 eingebettet und adhäsiv mit diesem verbunden.Further, in Fig. 9, the inside 22 of the outer shell 20 is provided with a primer 24, a primer coating. The outer layer of the individual elements 10 is embedded exclusively in this primer 24 and adhesively connected thereto.
Die gemäss Fig. 10 als Zugorgan 16 einsetzbare Litze 18 umfasst drei Lagen von Einzelelementen 10, welche einen von aussen nach innen abnehmenden Drahtdurchmesser haben. Wie erwähnt können die Drähte der Einzelelemente 10 immer auch verdrillte Fasern sein. Die äusserste Lage von Einzelelementen 10 ist vollständig in den Aussenmantel 20 und eine Innenschicht 32 eingebettet. Die mittlere Lage von Einzelelementen 10 ist noch teilweise in die Innenschicht 32 eingebettet und daran adhäsiv so befestigt, dass sie tangential in Abstand angeordnet sind, entsprechend dem Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung. Die innerste Lage von Einzelelementen und das zentrale Einzelelement 10 können, müssen jedoch nicht beschichtet sein. Mit dieser Anordnung kann eine erhöhte Adhäsion zwischen der äusseren Lage von Einzelelementen 10 und insbesondere der Aussenschicht 20 erreicht werden. Dies gilt auch bei verunreinigten Oberflächen von Einzelelementen 10. In Fig. 11 ist anstelle einer Innenschicht 32 gemäss Fig. 10 in Abstand von der Aussenschicht 20 eine Kernschicht 34 angeordnet, welche ebenfalls aus thermoplastischem Material besteht. Entsprechend Fig. 4 ist die äussere Lage von Einzelelementen 10 ausschliesslich im Aussenmantel 20 gehaltert und in tangentialem Abstand adhäsiv befestigt. Die mittlere und die innere Lage von Einzelelementen 10 sind in der Kernschicht 34 ebenfalls in peripherem Abstand angeordnet. Dadurch ergibt sich eine erhöhte Flexibilität. Weiter kann die Materialermüdung verzögert werden.The strand 18, which can be used as a pulling element 16 according to FIG. 10, comprises three layers of individual elements 10, which have a wire diameter decreasing from the outside to the inside. As mentioned, the wires of the individual elements 10 can always also be twisted fibers. The outermost layer of individual elements 10 is completely embedded in the outer jacket 20 and an inner layer 32. The central layer of individual elements 10 is still partially embedded in the inner layer 32 and adhesively secured thereto so as to be tangentially spaced, in accordance with the object of the present invention. The innermost layer of individual elements and the central single element 10 may, but need not be, coated. With this arrangement, an increased adhesion between the outer layer of individual elements 10 and in particular the outer layer 20 can be achieved. This also applies to contaminated surfaces of individual elements 10. In FIG. 11, instead of an inner layer 32 according to FIG. 10, a core layer 34, which also consists of thermoplastic material, is arranged at a distance from the outer layer 20. According to FIG. 4, the outer layer of individual elements 10 is held exclusively in the outer casing 20 and fastened adhesively at a tangential distance. The middle and inner layers of individual elements 10 are also arranged in the core layer 34 at a peripheral distance. This results in increased flexibility. Furthermore, the material fatigue can be delayed.
In Fig. 12 ist die äusserste Lage von Einzelelementen 10 ebenfalls lediglich in der Innenschicht 32 in peripherem Abstand gehalten und durch Adhäsion befestigt. Die äussere und innere Schicht 20, 32 binden nicht miteinander, weshalb dazwischen eine Adhäsionsschicht 36 angeordnet ist. Obwohl der erfindungswesentliche Abstand eines Teils der Einzelelemente 10 für die äusserste Schicht weitaus am bedeutendsten ist, ist es vorteilhaft, auch die inneren Lagen von Einzelelementen in Abstand zu halten, z.B. in einer Beschichtung der Einzelelemente 10 und/oder der Anordnung von Füllmaterial. In Fig. 12 nicht dargestellt kann es deshalb bei entsprechenden Anforderungen an das Zugorgan 16 vorteilhaft sein, mindestens die zweitäusserste Lage von Einzelelementen 10 in Abstand zu halten.In Fig. 12, the outermost layer of individual elements 10 is also held only in the inner layer 32 at a peripheral distance and fixed by adhesion. The outer and inner layers 20, 32 do not bind to each other, and therefore an adhesion layer 36 is interposed therebetween. Although the essential distance of a portion of the individual elements 10 for the outermost layer is by far the most significant, it is advantageous to also keep the inner layers of individual elements at a distance, e.g. in a coating of the individual elements 10 and / or the arrangement of filling material. Not shown in FIG. 12, it may therefore be advantageous for corresponding requirements to the tension member 16 to keep at least the zweitäusserste layer of individual elements 10 at a distance.
In allen Ausführungsformen der als Zugorgan 16 eingesetzten Litze 18 kann der Aussenmantel 20 auf seiner Aussenseite spiralförmig verlaufende Nuten 40 aufweisen, welche Verunreinigungen, wie Staub, Fettrückstände usw. von der Zugscheibe entfernen. Wenigstens ein Teil der Nuten kann mit einem überstehenden, problemlos deformierbaren Band 42 belegt sein, welches die Wirkung der Nuten verbessert.In all embodiments of the strand 18 used as a tension member 16, the outer shell 20 may have on its outer side spirally extending grooves 40, which remove impurities such as dust, fat residues, etc. from the traction sheave. At least a portion of the grooves may be covered with a protruding, easily deformable band 42 which enhances the action of the grooves.
Nach allen explizit oder implizit dargestellten Ausführungsformen können einzelne oder mehrere Einzelelemente 10 mit beidseits angeordneten Verankerungsendstücken elektrische Signale leiten und mit einem Mikroprozessor, Sensoren und anderen peripheren Geräten verbunden sein. Fig. 14 und 15 zeigen, dass dies auch über optische Leiter 44 erfolgen kann. In Fig. 14 ist das zentrale Einzelelement 10 der vorstehenden Figuren durch ein Stahl- oder steifes Polymerröhrchen mit drei Glasfasern ersetzt. In der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 15 sind fünf der zehn Einzeladern 10 durch je einen optischen Leiter 44 mit einer eine Glasfaser enthaltenden Bündelader ersetzt. Die Lichtimpulse werden über einen Optokopler in elektrische Signale umgewandelt.According to all explicitly or implicitly illustrated embodiments, individual or a plurality of individual elements 10 can conduct electrical signals with anchoring end pieces arranged on both sides and with one Microprocessor, sensors and other peripheral devices connected. FIGS. 14 and 15 show that this can also be done via optical conductors 44. In Fig. 14, the central single element 10 of the previous figures is replaced by a steel or rigid polymer tube with three glass fibers. In the embodiment according to FIG. 15, five of the ten individual cores 10 are replaced by an optical conductor 44 each having a bundle core containing a glass fiber. The light pulses are converted into electrical signals via an optocoupler.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform gemäss Fig. 16 wird wenigstens ein Einzelelement 10 aus einem zugfesten Material, insbesondere Stahl, durch einen oder mehrere wesentlich besser elektrischen Leiter 46 ersetzt, insbesondere aus Kupfer oder Aluminium beziehungsweise eine Legierung dieser Metalle, insbesondere mit einer elektrisch isolierenden Schicht aus einem Thermoplasten. In Fig. 17 sind, entsprechend Fig. 15, mehrere Einzelelemente 10 durch elektrische Leiter 46 ersetzt.In a further embodiment according to FIG. 16, at least one individual element 10 of a tensile material, in particular steel, is replaced by one or more substantially better electrical conductors 46, in particular of copper or aluminum or an alloy of these metals, in particular with an electrically insulating layer a thermoplastic. In Fig. 17, corresponding to Fig. 15, a plurality of individual elements 10 are replaced by electrical conductors 46.
Die optischen beziehungsweise elektrischen Leiter können in beliebiger Anzahl an jedem beliebigen Ort, z.B. gemäss Fig. 14 bis 17 eingesetzt werden, in der Regel jedoch nicht in der äussersten Lage von Einzelelementen 10. Weiter können Einzelelemente 10, optische Leiter 44 und elektrische Leiter 46 individuell mit einer Beschichtung ausgestattet sein. Mit oder ohne Beschichtungen können Abstandhalter in Form von Fasern 28 und/oder Pulvern beziehungsweise Granalien 30 vorgesehen sein. The optical or electrical conductors may be in any number at any location, e.g. 14 to 17 are used, but not usually in the outermost layer of individual elements 10. Further, individual elements 10, optical conductors 44 and electrical conductors 46 may be individually equipped with a coating. With or without coatings spacers in the form of fibers 28 and / or powders or granules 30 may be provided.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Flexibles, umlenkbares Zugorgan (16) für statische und dynamische Lasten, insbesondere für Personenlifte, Warenlifte, Krane und Fahrzeuge, welches Zugorgan (16) wenigstens eine Litze (18) aus zugfesten Einzelelementen (10), wie Fasern, Drähten und/oder Bändern, umfasst,1. Flexible, deflectable tension member (16) for static and dynamic loads, in particular for passenger lifts, goods lifts, cranes and vehicles, which tension member (16) at least one strand (18) of tensile individual elements (10), such as fibers, wires and / or Ribbons, comprises,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dasscharacterized in that
wenigstens ein Teil der Einzelelemente (10) der Litze (18) durch eine Beschichtung (12) und/oder Füllmaterial in Form von Fasern (28) und/oder schüttfähigem Pulver beziehungsweise Granalien (30) in Abstand gehalten sind.at least a portion of the individual elements (10) of the strand (18) by a coating (12) and / or filling material in the form of fibers (28) and / or pourable powder or granules (30) are kept at a distance.
2. Zugorgan (16) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Beschichtungen (12) aus einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff, vorzugsweise aus thermoplastischen, auch vernetzten Elastomeren, wie PTFE (Polytetrafluorethylen), PE (Polyethylen), PP (Polypropylen), PS (Polystyrol), PA (Polyamid) und/oder TPU (Polyurethan), oder aus einem Schmiermittel, vorzugsweise aus einem Hochmolekular-Schmiermittel, bestehen.2. pulling member (16) according to claim 1, characterized in that the coatings (12) of a thermoplastic material, preferably of thermoplastic, also crosslinked elastomers, such as PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), PS ( Polystyrene), PA (polyamide) and / or TPU (polyurethane), or a lubricant, preferably a high molecular weight lubricant.
3. Zugorgane (16) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Beschichtungen (12) 5 μm - 10 mm dick und auch mehrschichtig ausgebildet sind, und dass der Aussenmantel (20) vorzugsweise eine Oberflächenrauhigkeit von Ra = 1 - 5 μm hat.3. tension members (16) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the coatings (12) 5 microns - 10 mm thick and are also multi-layered, and that the outer sheath (20) preferably has a surface roughness Ra = 1 - 5 microns Has.
4. Zugorgan (16) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Beschichtungen (12) entsprechend der Funktionalität spezifische Additive enthalten. 4. tension member (16) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the coatings (12) according to the functionality contain specific additives.
5. Zugorgan (16) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei etwa runden Litzen (18) die äusserste Schicht von Einzelelementen (10) wenigstens teilweise in einem Aussenmantel (20), Primer (24) und/oder Innenmantel gehaltert und durch Adhäsion befestigt ist.5. tension member (16) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in approximately round strands (18), the outermost layer of individual elements (10) at least partially in an outer jacket (20), primer (24) and / or inner jacket held and fastened by adhesion.
6. Zugorgan (16) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die inneren Einzelelemente (10) in einer Kernschicht (34) gehaltert und durch Adhäsion befestigt sind.6. tension member (16) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the inner individual elements (10) are held in a core layer (34) and secured by adhesion.
7. Zugorgan (16) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen den Einzelelementen (10) einer Litze (18) Füllmaterial aus Fasern (28), vorzugsweise aus einem Aramid, Glas, Kohlenstoff oder Kunststoff, und/oder einem Pulver beziehungsweise Granalien (30), vorzugsweise aus einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff, wie TPU (thermoplastisches Polyurethan), PTFE (Polytetrafluorethylen), PE (Polyethylen) oder aus anorganischem Material, wie Grafit oder Molybdänsulfid angeordnet ist.7. tension member (16) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that between the individual elements (10) of a stranded wire (18) filling material made of fibers (28), preferably of an aramid, glass, carbon or plastic, and / or a powder or granules (30), preferably made of a thermoplastic material such as TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane), PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), PE (polyethylene) or inorganic material such as graphite or molybdenum sulfide is arranged.
8. Zugorgan (16) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass gedrillte Fasern (28) zur Übernahme von Zugkraft eingespannt sind.8. tension member (16) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that drilled fibers (28) are clamped to take over tensile force.
9. Zugorgan (16) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen den Einzelelementen (10) einer Litze (18) ein Schmiermittel, insbesondere ein Fett, ein Öl oder ein oberflächenaktives Additiv, angeordnet ist.9. tension member (16) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that between the individual elements (10) of a stranded wire (18) a lubricant, in particular a grease, an oil or a surface-active additive, is arranged.
10. Zugorgan (16) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zugelemente (10) der Litzen (18) aus einem Metall, insbesondere rostfreiem, mit Zink, Chrom oder Messing beschichteten Stahl, bestehen.10. tension member (16) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the tension elements (10) of the strands (18) made of a metal, in particular stainless, with zinc, chromium or Brass coated steel, consist.
11. Zugorgan (16) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die einzelnen Litzen (18) eine Schlaglänge von <12x0, vorzugsweise von <7x0 haben.11. tension member (16) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the individual strands (18) have a lay length of <12x0, preferably of <7x0.
12. Zugorgan (16) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ablösekraft der Beschichtung (12) grösser als etwa 150 N/mm über die doppelte Schlaglänge der Litze (18) ist.12. tension member (16) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the detachment force of the coating (12) is greater than about 150 N / mm over the double lay length of the strand (18).
13. Zugorgan (16) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens ein Einzelelement (10) einer Litze (18) durch einen optischen Leiter (44) mit optischen Glasfasern als Lichtwellenleiter ersetzt ist.13. tension member (16) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that at least one individual element (10) of a stranded wire (18) by an optical conductor (44) is replaced with optical glass fibers as optical waveguides.
14. Zugorgan (16) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens ein Einzelelement (10) einer Litze (18) durch einen elektrisch gut leitenden Draht oder verdrillte Fasern (46) ersetzt ist, vorzugsweise aus Kupfer oder Aluminium mit einer elektrisch isolierenden Ummantelung aus einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff.14. tension member (16) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that at least one individual element (10) of a stranded wire (18) by a highly electrically conductive wire or twisted fibers (46) is replaced, preferably made of copper or aluminum an electrically insulating sheath made of a thermoplastic material.
15. Verwendung eines Zugorgans (16) nach Anspruch 13 oder 14 für die Datenübermittlung, insbesondere über die Belastung, die restliche Lebensdauer, wesentliche Störungen, die Fälligkeit von Unterhaltsarbeiten, den Ersatz des Zugorgans (16), die Temperatur und die Luftfeuchtigkeit. 15. Use of a tension member (16) according to claim 13 or 14 for the transmission of data, in particular on the load, the remaining life, major disturbances, the maturity of maintenance work, the replacement of the tension member (16), the temperature and humidity.
PCT/CH2007/000431 2007-08-31 2007-08-31 Tensile body for static and dynamic loads WO2009026730A1 (en)

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US10472765B2 (en) 2014-11-05 2019-11-12 Teufelberger Fiber Rope Gmbh Rope made of textile fiber material
WO2017012802A1 (en) 2015-07-20 2017-01-26 Sgl Carbon Se Material with at least two layer coverings
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