WO2009024059A1

WO2009024059A1 - An automatic control method for heating coke oven

Info

Publication number: WO2009024059A1
Application number: PCT/CN2008/071968
Authority: WO
Inventors: Wenbin Shang
Original assignee: Beijing East World-Great Science And Technology Co., Ltd.
Priority date: 2007-08-20
Filing date: 2008-08-13
Publication date: 2009-02-26
Also published as: CN101372622A; CN101372622B

Abstract

An automatic control method for heating coke oven includes calculating flux Q of coal gas for heating and sub flue suction pressure α by measuring temperature of the coke oven and using the flux model of coal gas for heating coke oven and sub flue suction pressure model, respectively controlling the flux Q of coal gas for heating and the sub flue suction pressure α, and therefore realizing the temperature control of the coke oven. The method can grasp and utilize the changing rule of the coke oven temperature during the automatic control process of heating coke oven, and therefore can raise the controlling precision of coke oven temperature, improve coke quality, reduce coking heat consumption and save energy.

Description

焦炉加热自动控制方法技术领域 Coke oven heating automatic control method

本发明涉及焦炉加热领域，更具体地，本发明涉及一种焦炉加热自动控制方法。背景技术 The present invention relates to the field of coke oven heating, and more particularly to a coke oven heating automatic control method. Background technique

在炼焦的总能耗中，焦炉加热耗用的能量约占炼焦总能耗的 70% , 所以焦炉加热控制是炼焦生产中的关键环节，对温度的控制效果的好坏将直接影响到炼焦产品质量、焦炉的寿命、能源的利用以及环境保护等问题。 In the total energy consumption of coking, the energy consumed by coke oven heating accounts for about 70% of the total energy consumption of coking. Therefore, the heating control of coke oven is the key link in coking production. The effect of temperature control will directly affect the quality. Coking product quality, coke oven life, energy use, and environmental protection issues.

图 1所示为典型的焦炉炉体、焦炉基础以及主要设备的剖面图，焦炉最上部是炉顶区 1，炉顶区 1之下为彼此相间的燃烧室和炭化室 2 (图中仅示出炭化室 2，燃烧室与炭化室 2在同一水平面上，并未示出），炉体下部是蓄热室 4以及连接蓄热室 4与燃烧室的斜道区 3，每个蓄热室 4下部的小烟道 5通过交换开闭器 6与分烟道 7相连，分烟道 7设在焦炉下部基础两侧，根据位置分为机侧分烟道和焦侧分烟道。其中燃烧室分成许多立火道。通常，燃烧室立火道两两之间构成双联火道，加热煤气和空气在双联火道其中一个火道内混合燃烧，燃烧后的废气由顶部的跨越孔进入另一火道，然后通过斜道区 3、蓄热室 4、小烟道 5及废气开闭器进入分烟道。间隔一定时间，加热换向进行，如此往复。蓄热室 4下部的小烟道 5的作用是在上升气流时向蓄热室 4分配冷空气，或在下降气流时汇集蓄热室 4排出的废气。 Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a typical coke oven body, a coke oven base, and main equipment. The uppermost part of the coke oven is the top area 1, and the combustion chamber and carbonization chamber 2 are located below each other. Only the carbonization chamber 2 is shown, the combustion chamber is on the same level as the carbonization chamber 2, not shown), and the lower portion of the furnace body is a regenerator chamber 4 and a chute region 3 connecting the regenerator chamber 4 and the combustion chamber, each The small flue 5 in the lower part of the regenerator 4 is connected to the branch flue 7 through the exchange shutter 6, and the sub-flue 7 is arranged on both sides of the base of the lower part of the coke oven, and is divided into the flue side of the machine side and the side side of the flue side according to the position. Road. The combustion chamber is divided into a number of vertical fire paths. Usually, the combustion chamber has a double fire passage between the two sides of the fire tunnel. The heated gas and air are mixed and burned in one of the double fire passages. The burned exhaust gas enters the other fire passage from the top spanning hole and then passes through. The chute area 3, the regenerator 4, the small flue 5, and the exhaust gas shutter enter the sub-flue. At a certain interval, the heating is reversed, and so on. The function of the small flue 5 in the lower portion of the regenerator 4 is to distribute cold air to the regenerator 4 during the ascending air current or to collect the exhaust gas discharged from the regenerator 4 when the air current is lowered.

在炼焦的实际生产中，焦炉的加热过程是一个动态的热平衡过程，一般来讲，影响焦炉温度波动的因素主要有以下几方面：（1 ) 装炉煤的挥发分、水分以及质量等；（2) 加热煤气的热值、温度以及压力等；（3 ) 生产操作中的周转时间和检修时间；（4) 空气过剩系数；（5 ) 炉体散热状况和串漏。从 20世纪 70年代开始，各个国家都在焦炉加热自动控制方面研发出各种焦炉加热自动控制***，例如日本的焦炉自动燃烧控制*** （ACC)、法国的 CRAPO***、荷兰的 CETCO***等等。中国也在 20多年来研发出各种焦炉加热自动控制***。从控制策略的类别上看，现有技术中的焦炉加热自动控制策略可以被分为三类，分别基于前馈、反馈和前反馈结合，其中前两种控制较为简单、效果不太理想，目前多以前反馈结合的控制策略为主，前反馈结合的控制策略又分为以反馈控制为主前馈控制为辅、和以前馈控制为主反馈控制为辅两种。 In the actual production of coking, the heating process of the coke oven is a dynamic heat balance process. Generally speaking, the factors affecting the temperature fluctuation of the coke oven mainly include the following aspects: (1) Volatile matter, moisture and quality of the installed coal (2) Heating value, temperature and pressure of heating gas; (3) Turnaround time and maintenance time in production operation; (4) Air excess coefficient; (5) Heat dissipation of the furnace body and cross-leakage. Since the 1970s, various countries have developed various automatic control systems for coke oven heating in the automatic control of coke oven heating, such as the Coke Oven Automatic Combustion Control System (ACC) in Japan, the CRAPO system in France, and the CETCO system in the Netherlands. and many more. China has also developed various automatic control systems for coke oven heating for more than 20 years. From the category of control strategy, the automatic control strategy of coke oven heating in the prior art can be divided into three categories, which are based on the combination of feedforward, feedback and pre-feedback, respectively. The first two controls are simple and the effect is not ideal. At present, the control strategy combined with feedback is more important. The control strategy combined with the former feedback is divided into two types: feedback control as the main feedforward control and feedforward control as the main feedback control.

现有的基于前反馈结合的焦炉加热自动控制技术通常是将供热量前馈和炉温反馈相结合，以控制焦炉加热煤气流量和分烟道吸力以达到控制焦炉加热的目的。其中，供热量前馈主要考虑装炉煤的水分和加热煤气的热值变化，炉温反馈主要将利用热电偶测得的立火道温度（直行温度或代表直行温度）或蓄热室顶部温度（将其拟合为立火道温度值）与控制标准对比后进行调节。 The existing coke oven heating automatic control technology based on the combination of front feedback is usually combined with heat feedforward and furnace temperature feedback to control the coke oven heating gas flow and the split flue suction to achieve the purpose of controlling the coke oven heating. Among them, the heat supply feedforward mainly considers the change of the moisture of the furnace coal and the heating value of the heated gas, and the furnace temperature feedback mainly uses the temperature of the vertical tunnel measured by the thermocouple (straight line temperature or represents the straight line temperature) or the top of the regenerator The temperature (fitted to the vertical channel temperature value) is adjusted after comparison with the control standard.

现有的焦炉加热自动控制技术存在着以下几点不足： The existing coke oven heating automatic control technology has the following shortcomings:

( 1 ) 前馈控制环节，只注意了装煤水分和加热煤气热值变化而引起的热平衡改变，而没有考虑焦炉作业过程中周期性的热量需求变化；同时加热煤气流量调节（与焦炉温度变化之间）的滞后问题没能得到有效解决。 (1) Feedforward control link, only pay attention to the change of heat balance caused by the change of coal moisture and heating gas calorific value, without considering the cyclical heat demand change during coke oven operation; at the same time heating gas flow regulation (with coke oven) The lag problem between temperature changes) has not been effectively solved.

(2) 在炉温反馈环节中，由于立火道或蓄热室顶部温度较高，测量温度使用的热电偶成本较高，所以设置的测点较少，导致测点的代表性差。 (2) In the furnace temperature feedback link, the temperature of the thermocouple used for measuring the temperature is higher due to the higher temperature at the top of the vertical fire or regenerator, so fewer set points are set, resulting in poor representativeness of the measuring points.

此外，焦炉分烟道吸力调节也是控制焦炉温度调节的另一重要环节，通过控制分烟道吸力来获取适合于加热煤气流量的空气量，其中机侧和焦侧的分烟道吸力是分别控制的。目前主要采用在线监测分烟道的废气氧含量，根据氧含量的值与规定控制值相比较以进行控制，但是这种方式在一定程度上增加了成本。由于现有的焦炉加热自动控制方法存在以上不足，致使焦炉加热自动控制长期处于高资金投入、低控制水平的状态，这些大大制约了自动控制技术在焦炉加热方面的推广应用和提高。发明内容 In addition, the suction adjustment of the coke oven and the flue is another important step in controlling the temperature adjustment of the coke oven. By controlling the suction of the distillate, the amount of air suitable for heating the gas flow is obtained, wherein the split suction of the machine side and the focal side is Controlled separately. At present, the oxygen content of the exhaust gas of the branch flue is mainly monitored online, and the value of the oxygen content is compared with the prescribed control value for control, but this method increases the cost to some extent. Due to the above-mentioned deficiencies in the automatic control method of the coke oven heating, the automatic control of the coke oven heating is in a state of high capital investment and low control level for a long time, which greatly restricts the promotion and application of the automatic control technology in the heating of the coke oven. Summary of the invention

本发明基于焦炉热工理论的模糊控制技术，针对现有技术中的控制不精确、稳定性不佳的缺陷，提供一种控制精确、稳定性好的焦炉加热自动控制方法。 The invention is based on the fuzzy control technology of coke oven thermal theory, and provides an automatic control method for coke oven heating with precise control and good stability against the defects of inaccurate control and poor stability in the prior art.

焦炉传热是个复杂且不稳定的过程，现有的焦炉加热自动控制方法的研发大多基于对焦炉传热深入研究的基础上。而本发明则避开了复杂的焦炉传热而基于基本的焦炉热平衡和炼焦生产的实际过程进行研究。 Coke oven heat transfer is a complicated and unstable process. The research and development of existing coke oven heating automatic control methods are mostly based on the in-depth study of coke oven heat transfer. The present invention, while avoiding complex coke oven heat transfer, is based on the basic process of coke oven heat balance and coking production.

发明人经过大量的统计数据研究发现，焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间是影响焦炉温度的主要因素之一，并且其对焦炉温度的影响具有周期性。发明人发现，时刻的焦炉温度 7与之前某一时刻（即 ·时刻）时的焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间 ^之间具有较好的错时对应的相关性。因此发明人建立了 i时刻焦炉温度 7：与时刻焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间 ^之间呈正比线性关系的数学模型： The inventors have found through a large number of statistical data that the average coking time of the coke oven carbonization chamber is one of the main factors affecting the temperature of the coke oven, and the influence of the temperature of the coke oven is periodic. The inventors have found that the coke oven temperature 7 at the moment has a good time-corresponding correlation with the average coke oven time of the coke oven carbonization chamber at a certain time (i.e., time). Therefore, the inventors established a mathematical model with a proportional linear relationship between the temperature of the coke oven at time i: 7 and the average coking time of the carbonization chamber of the coke oven:

T. = mtj + n 式 ( 1 ) 其中时刻比 j时刻落后若干小时，也就表明了焦炉温度与焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间之间是错时对应的关系，经过发明人多次实验研究，时刻与时刻之间的时差为 2-4小时时，相关性最好，相关性越好，焦炉温度与焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间两者的相关系数 r越接近 1，此时确定具有最佳的相关关系的为 '时刻焦炉温度 7：'与 /时刻焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间^。需要说明的是，对于一确定的焦炉，本领域技术人员可以很容易地通过多次测量与计算得到多组与^的数据，从而根据这些数据拟合出线性关系的曲线，以得到该曲线的斜率 m和截距^ 因此 m、 w以及 '时刻与 /时刻之间的时差对于一个处于一定生产状况下的焦炉来说是可以唯一确定的。 T. = mtj + n (1) where the time is several hours behind j, which indicates that there is a wrong relationship between the temperature of the coke oven and the average coking time of the coke oven carbonization chamber. After many experiments by the inventors, When the time difference between time and time is 2-4 hours, the correlation is the best. The better the correlation, the closer the correlation coefficient r between the coke oven temperature and the average coking time of the coke oven carbonization chamber is to 1, which is determined to have the most The good correlation is 'time coke oven temperature 7:' and / time coke oven carbonization chamber average coking time ^. It should be noted that, for a certain coke oven, a person skilled in the art can easily obtain multiple sets of data by multiple measurements and calculations, thereby fitting a linear relationship curve according to the data to obtain the curve. The slope m and the intercept ^ so the time difference between m, w and 'time and / time is for one The coke oven under certain production conditions can be uniquely determined.

其中，发明人提出的 "焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间 "，其具体定义是指: 截至到时刻装炉煤料在焦炉内的平均停留时间，该值可以采用算术或加权两种方法得到。假设一共有 y个炭化室，任一个炭化室称为第 ^号炭化室，即 = l,2,3A y，一般地，当各炭化室之间装煤量^相差不大时（例如各炭化室的装煤量^与平均装煤量 ^相差不超过 ± 1%时），则可以用截止到时刻装煤炉料在各个炭化室内的各自停留时间^的算术平均值作为焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间 _;，即其中; c = l,2,3A 式 (2 ) 反之，如果各炭化室之间装煤量 ^相差较大（例如各炭化室的装煤量 ^与平均装煤量^相差超过 ± 1%时），则焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间 ^等于截止到时刻装炉煤料在各个炭化室内的各自的停留时间 ^分别乘以平均装煤量^ 与各个炭化室装煤量 ^的比值的加权平均值，即其中； c = l,2,3A 式（3 )

Among them, the inventor proposed "the average coking time of the coke oven carbonization chamber", which is specifically defined as: The average residence time of the coal charging material in the coke oven as of the time of arrival, the value can be obtained by arithmetic or weighting. Suppose there are a total of y carbonization chambers, and any carbonization chamber is called the second carbonization chamber, ie, l, 2, 3A y. Generally, when the coal loading amount between the carbonization chambers is not much different (for example, each carbonization) If the coal loading amount of the chamber and the average coal loading amount are not more than ± 1%, the arithmetic mean value of the respective residence time of the coal charging materials in each carbonization chamber can be used as the average coking of the coke oven carbonization chamber. Time _; , ie, where; c = l, 2, 3A (2) Conversely, if the coal loading between the carbonization chambers is quite different (for example, the coal loading amount of each carbonization chamber is more than the average coal loading amount ^) ± 1%), the average coking time of the coke oven carbonization chamber is equal to the respective residence time of the coal in each carbonization chamber at the time of the cut-off time ^ multiplied by the average coal loading amount ^ and the coal loading amount of each carbonization chamber ^ The weighted average of the ratios, ie where; c = l, 2, 3A (3)

本发明的发明人根据式（1 ) 的数学模型进而建立适合焦炉加热规律的口热煤气流量模型和分烟道吸力模型。 The inventor of the present invention further establishes a mouth heat gas flow model and a split flue suction model suitable for the heating law of the coke oven according to the mathematical model of the formula (1).

因此，本发明提供的焦炉加热自动控制方法包括以下步骤： a) 测量焦温度 Γ_{Μ ;} b) 根据测量的焦炉温度 Γ_Μ确定加热煤气流量 β _; c) 根据加热煤流量 2确定机侧分烟道吸力《_F和焦侧分烟道吸力 d) 根据确定的加热 bl)所获得到的数据建立焦炉温度 r和焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间的错时对应关系，得到时刻焦炉温度 7：与时刻焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间之间的数学 ^_{Ti = mtj + n} ,其中时刻为时刻之前一时刻，时刻焦炉温度 7：'与 /时刻焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间之间有最佳的相关关系，确定斜率、截距《，并确定 '时刻与 /时刻之间的时差； b3) 利用测量的焦炉温度 r_M、当前时刻的焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间先前时刻的焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间 ₂，确定加热煤气流量 β，其中当前时刻与先前时刻的时差等于时刻与 /时刻之间的时差。 Thus, automatic control of coke oven heating method of the present invention comprises the steps of: a) measuring the coke temperature Γ _Μ; b) measuring the coke temperature Gamma] _[mu] is determined according to the heating gas flow _β; c) heating the coal in accordance with the flow rate determined 2 side Split flue suction " _F and focal side split flue suction d" according to the determined heating Bl) The obtained data establishes the wrong time correspondence between the coke oven temperature r and the average coking time of the coke oven carbonization chamber, and obtains the mathematics between the instant coke oven temperature 7 and the average coking time of the coke oven carbonization chamber ^ _{Ti = mtj + n} , where the time is the moment before the moment, the optimum coke oven temperature 7: ' and / the coke oven carbonization chamber average coking time have the best correlation, determine the slope, intercept ", and determine the 'time and / time Time difference; b3) Determine the heating gas flow rate β by using the measured coke oven temperature r _M , the average coking time of the coke oven carbonization chamber at the current time, and the average coking time of the coke oven carbonization chamber ₂ , where the current time and the previous time The time difference is equal to the time difference between the time and the time.

本发明所提供的焦炉加热自动控制方法根据时刻焦炉温度 7：与 j时刻焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间之间的关系建立了线性正比的数学模型，确定相关性最好的时刻焦炉温度 7：'与 /时刻焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间 ^之间的关系，从而获得了稍后会提到的优选的精确的加热煤气流量模型和分烟道吸力模型，可以计算出精确的加热煤气流量 β、机侧分烟道吸力¾和焦侧分烟道吸力，根据计算出的 β、 ¾和对焦炉的加热进行控制。根据本发明的优选实施方式，本发明还提出了加热煤气流量和分烟道吸力模型，由于其所基于的参数 G时刻焦炉温度 7和时刻焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间 ) 的相关性比现有技术中采用的数学模型中的参数要好，所以利用本发明所提出的数学模型得到的加热煤气流量和分烟道吸力进行控制可以更精准地控制焦炉温度，焦炉温度更稳定，减小了检修时间对焦炉温度的影响，根据本发明的优选实施方式本发明可将焦炉直行温度控制在理想温度的 ±rc以内，并且选用了空气温度作为分烟道前馈项，可以将空气过剩系数控制在 1.20±0.05之内，最大限度地降低了炼焦耗热量，节约能源。并且根据本发明的优选实施方式，利用小烟道温度来拟合焦炉（直行）温度或直接建立小烟道温度控制标准，从而不必使用昂贵的热电偶，降低了成本，增加了测点的数量，测量温度的代表性有很大提高。附图说明 The automatic control method for coke oven heating provided by the invention establishes a linear proportional mathematical model according to the relationship between the instant coke oven temperature 7: and the average coking time of the coke oven carbonization chamber at time j, and determines the coke oven temperature with the best correlation time. 7: 'The relationship between the average coking time and the time of the coke oven carbonization chamber ^, so that the preferred precise heating gas flow model and the split flue suction model mentioned later can be obtained, and the precise heating gas can be calculated. The flow rate β, the machine side split flue suction 3⁄4 and the focal side split flue suction are controlled according to the calculated β, 3⁄4 and the heating of the coke oven. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the present invention also proposes a heating gas flow rate and a split flue suction model, which is based on the correlation between the parameter G moment coke oven temperature 7 and the instant coke oven carbonization chamber average coking time. The parameters in the mathematical model used in the technology are better, so the heating gas flow rate and the split flue suction obtained by the mathematical model proposed by the present invention can control the temperature of the coke oven more accurately, and the temperature of the coke oven is more stable and reduced. The effect of the maintenance time on the temperature of the coke oven, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the coke oven straight-line temperature can be controlled within ± rc of the ideal temperature, and the air temperature is selected as the branch flue feedforward term, and the air can be taken The excess coefficient is controlled within 1.20±0.05, which minimizes the coking heat consumption and saves energy. And according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the small flue temperature is used to fit the coke oven (straight) temperature or directly establish a small flue temperature control standard, thereby eliminating the need for expensive thermocouples, reducing the cost, and increasing the measuring point. Quantity, temperature measurement The representation has been greatly improved. DRAWINGS

图 1为典型的焦炉炉体、焦炉基础以及主要设备的剖面图； Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a typical coke oven body, a coke oven base, and main equipment;

图 2为根据本发明的焦炉加热自动控制方法各要素之间的控制关系图；图 3为焦炉各部位温度关联关系图。具体实施方式 2 is a control relationship diagram between various elements of the coke oven heating automatic control method according to the present invention; FIG. 3 is a temperature correlation diagram of each part of the coke oven. detailed description

下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明。 The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

参见图 2，为本发明的焦炉加热自动控制方法各要素之间的控制关系图，一般地，现有的焦炉加热自动控制方法包括以下步骤： a) 测量焦炉温度 Γ_{Μ ;} b) 根据测量的焦炉温度^确定加热煤气流量 β _; c) 根据加热煤气流量 2确定机侧分烟道吸力《_£和焦侧分烟道吸力 ; d) 根据确定的加热煤气流量 β、机侧分烟道吸力 α_£和焦侧分烟道吸力分别控制加热煤气流量、机侧和焦侧的分烟道吸力，而本发明对其中步骤 a)-c)都做出了改进，下面按发明重点依次分别阐述每一步骤。 2 is a control relationship diagram between various elements of the automatic control method for the coke oven heating according to the present invention. Generally, the existing automatic control method for the coke oven heating includes the following steps: a) measuring the temperature of the coke oven Γ _{Μ ;} b) the coke oven measured temperature heating gas flow is determined ^ _β; c) partial flow of the flue gas suction 2 is determined according to the heating-side "and the coke side of the dividing _£ flue suction; D) according to the determined heating gas flow β, partial side The flue suction α _£ and the focal side split flue suction respectively control the heating flue gas flow, the machine side and the focal side split flue suction, and the present invention improves the steps a)-c), and the following focuses on the invention Each step is explained in turn.

其中步骤 b)包括如上所述的各个步骤 bl)-b3)，下面分别对各个步骤进行说明。 Wherein step b) comprises the respective steps bl)-b3) as described above, and the respective steps are described below.

步骤 bl)分别获得多组焦炉温度 Γ以及焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间^的数据，具体来说就是：测量多个（不少于 10个）炼焦作业小循环的焦炉温度，并计算在不同作业小循环内处于相同时刻焦炉温度的算术平均值，用这个算术平均值作为该时刻的焦炉温度 Γ , 并计算作业小循环内不同时刻的焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间" 以作业小循环的时间为 20小时为例：如果每 30分钟测量一次温度（多点测量），并计算出一个平均温度，这样每个小循环可以获的 40个平均温度数据； 10个小循环就获得 400个焦炉平均温度的数据，将在不同小循环内处于相同时刻的平均温度数据再分别计算算术平均值，就可以得到最终的 40个数据，即为不同时刻的焦炉温度。温度测量的频率一般按照焦炉加热换向时间确定测量频率，例如 30分钟加热交换一次，温度测量就每 30分钟执行一次。需要注意的是这些数据是对应各个时刻获得的，其中焦炉温度 Γ可以通过计算机控制在线测量得到，焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间通过式（2) 或式（3) 得到，在此不再重复，焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间的计算时间间隔视需要而定，一般 10分钟的时间间隔比较合适。 Step bl) respectively obtaining data of a plurality of sets of coke oven temperature Γ and an average coking time of the coke oven carbonization chamber, specifically: measuring a plurality of (not less than 10) coke oven temperatures of the coking operation small cycle, and calculating The arithmetic mean of the coke oven temperature at the same time in different small cycles of operation, using this arithmetic mean as the coke oven temperature 该 at that time, and calculating the average coking time of the coke oven carbonization chamber at different times in the small operation cycle. The cycle time is 20 hours as an example: If the temperature is measured every 30 minutes (multi-point measurement) and an average temperature is calculated, 40 average temperature data can be obtained for each small cycle; 400 cycles are obtained for 10 small cycles. The average temperature of a coke oven, By calculating the arithmetic mean value of the average temperature data at the same time in different small cycles, the final 40 data, that is, the coke oven temperature at different times, can be obtained. The frequency of the temperature measurement is generally determined by the coke oven heating commutation time, for example, 30 minutes for heat exchange, and the temperature measurement is performed every 30 minutes. It should be noted that these data are obtained at various times, wherein the coke oven temperature Γ can be measured online by computer control, and the average coking time of the coke oven carbonization chamber is obtained by formula (2) or formula (3), and will not be repeated here. The calculation interval of the average coking time of the coke oven carbonization chamber is determined as needed, and the time interval of 10 minutes is generally suitable.

步骤 b2)利用上面得到的多组数据拟合出相关性最好的错时对应的拟合曲线，确定斜率、截距^ 并确定时刻与 /时刻之间的时差。其中时刻与 /时刻之间的时差一般为 2-4小时之内的某一确定时差。本领域技术人员通过计算机的高速运算可以很容易得到相关性最好的式（1 ) 的 z; = m ₊ ; 莫型。其中式（1 ) 的 7：= «^ + «还具有高级形式，即 Step b2) Using the plurality of sets of data obtained above, fitting the fitting curve corresponding to the best correlation at the wrong time, determining the slope, the intercept ^ and determining the time difference between the time and the time. The time difference between the time and the time is generally a certain time difference within 2-4 hours. Those skilled in the art can easily obtain the z (= m ₊ ) of the most relevant correlation by the high-speed operation of the computer; Where 7:= «^ + « of equation (1) also has an advanced form, ie

Γ = m\ + n 其中； c = l,2,3A y 式（4)Γ = m\ + n where; c = l,2,3A y (4)

其中为选定的一个炭化室的结焦时间，该炭化室的选择可以使得焦炉温度 Where is the coking time of a selected carbonization chamber, the selection of the carbonization chamber can make the coke oven temperature

Q = Q_P T_Ref +k₃ -- -T_M 式（5)

Q = Q _P T _Ref +k ₃ -- -T _M (5)

计算出加热煤气流量 β。其中式（5) 是针对式（1) 得到的，而如果针对式 Calculate the heating gas flow rate β. Where equation (5) is obtained for equation (1), and if

(4)给出的高级形式的模型，则式（5)中 fc_{3 2}- 可以用 +(4) Given the advanced form of the model, then fc _{3 2} in equation (5) - can be used +

式（5) 中，各参数的更具体含义、单位以及获取方式如下：

In equation (5), the more specific meanings, units, and acquisition methods of each parameter are as follows:

τ : 焦炉的周转时间（小时），指焦炉生产计划的作业周期，即在焦炉操作中把某个炭化室从推焦（或装煤）到该炭化室下一次推焦（或装煤）的时间间隔，焦炉的周转时间一般为 16-32小时； τ : Turnaround time (hours) of the coke oven, refers to the operation cycle of the coke oven production plan, that is, in the coke oven operation, a certain carbonization chamber is pushed from the coke (or coal) to the carbonization chamber for the next push (or The time interval of coal), the turnaround time of the coke oven is generally 16-32 hours;

t,: 当前时刻的焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间（小时），可以根据上面对焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间的定义很容易地获得； t,: The average coking time (hours) of the coke oven carbonization chamber at the current time can be easily obtained according to the definition of the average coking time of the coke oven carbonization chamber;

t₂: 先前时刻的焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间（小时），同样可以根据对焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间的定义很容易地获得，其中，先前时刻是指当前时刻之前的一时刻，当前时刻与先前时刻的时差等于时刻与 /时刻之间的时差； t ₂ : The average coking time (hours) of the coke oven carbonization chamber at the previous moment can also be easily obtained according to the definition of the average coking time of the coke oven carbonization chamber, wherein the previous moment refers to a moment before the current moment, the current moment The time difference from the previous time is equal to the time difference between the time and the time;

Q_P: 前一周转时间内加热煤气的平均流量（m³/小时），可以根据截止到计算时刻为止的前一周转时间内加热煤气流量状况由控制***的计算控制单元自动获得； Q _P : the average flow rate of heating gas in the previous week (m ³ /hour), which can be automatically obtained by the calculation control unit of the control system according to the heating gas flow rate in the previous one revolution period up to the calculation time;

r_Re ：焦炉的标准温度（°C)，为焦炉加热领域规定的标准温度，也就是焦炉生产的最佳温度，对于特定的一个焦炉来说，焦炉的标准温度是确定的。该焦炉的标准温度可以由生产厂家提供（依据炉型、炉龄和生产工况（装煤方式、周转时间））； r _Re : the standard temperature of the coke oven (°C), which is the standard temperature specified in the coke oven heating field, that is, the optimum temperature for coke oven production. For a specific coke oven, the standard temperature of the coke oven is determined. . The standard temperature of the coke oven can be provided by the manufacturer (depending on the furnace type, furnace age and production conditions (filling mode, turnaround time));

τ_Μ: 测量的焦炉温度（°C)，之前在步骤 a)中测得； : 平均结焦时间前馈系数，选值范围为 0-0.08，一般来讲，的

值在一定范围内适度增大则会降低焦炉温度的波动幅度，但是这个值越大则加热煤气流量波动越大，进而会影响焦炉加热***稳定性，所以 - ^ 的τ _Μ : measured coke oven temperature (°C), previously measured in step a); : average coke time feedforward coefficient, the range of values is 0-0.08, in general,

A moderate increase in the value within a certain range will reduce the fluctuation of the coke oven temperature, but the larger the value The greater the fluctuation of the heating gas flow, which in turn affects the stability of the coke oven heating system, so - ^

2 ) 值应当小于 0.1，如果控制思路是稳定加热煤气流量，则可以取零，这种情况下加热煤气流量对焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间变化引起的焦炉温度变化不进行调整，而只对其他因素引起的焦炉温度变化进行调整，这样加热煤气流量相对稳定，但焦炉温度波动相对来说稍大，而如果控制思路是可以允许加热煤气流量作周期性适度波动而尽量降低焦炉温度的波动幅度，则在加热允许的情况下（加热煤气流量的波动不大于 ± 10% ) , 尽量取较大的值以降低焦炉温度的波动幅度； 2) The value should be less than 0.1. If the control idea is to stabilize the heating gas flow, you can take zero. In this case, the heating gas flow rate does not adjust the coke oven temperature change caused by the change of the average coking time of the coke oven carbonization chamber, but only The temperature change of the coke oven caused by other factors is adjusted, so that the heating gas flow is relatively stable, but the temperature fluctuation of the coke oven is relatively large, and if the control idea is to allow the heating gas flow to be periodically moderately fluctuated, the coke oven temperature is minimized. The fluctuation range, if the heating is allowed (the fluctuation of the heating gas flow is not more than ± 10%), try to take a larger value to reduce the fluctuation range of the coke oven temperature;

k₂ : 温度反馈系数，选值范围为 0.005-0.025，其具体取值与测温部位有关，稍后将结合步骤 a)测温部位的选取进一步详细划分； k ₂ : temperature feedback coefficient, the range of value is 0.005-0.025, the specific value is related to the temperature measurement part, and will be further divided in detail later with the selection of the temperature measurement part of step a);

动态标准温度系数，选值范围为 0-2.5，其具体取值也与测温部位有关，稍后也将结合步骤 a)测温部位的选取进一步详细划分，一般、可以联合确定，取值越大，取值越小，如果取零，则等于 ?. = m ₊ ; 莫型的斜率 m，但是的变化对的影响不大，例如可以通过 = (1 - 20 >η得到，这仅是粗略的计算公式本领域技术人员可以对其进行调整；以上三个参数均可以在其各参数的选值范围内选定，只要在这个选值范围选取均可实现本发明。 Dynamic standard temperature coefficient, the range of value is 0-2.5, the specific value is also related to the temperature measurement part, and will be further divided in detail later with the selection of the temperature measurement part of step a), generally, can be jointly determined, the value is more Large, the smaller the value, if zero, it is equal to ?. = m ₊ ; the slope of the mo type, but the change has little effect, for example, can be obtained by = (1 - 20 > η, this is only rough The calculation formula can be adjusted by those skilled in the art; the above three parameters can be selected within the range of selection of each parameter, and the present invention can be implemented as long as the selection range is selected.

对于步骤 C) , 本领域技术人员可以根据所考虑的前馈以及反馈设计出合适的计算出机侧分烟道吸力 α_£和焦侧分烟道吸力^的模型，本发明给出了一种优选的计算方式，即步骤 C)包括以下步骤： For the step C), a person skilled in the art can design a suitable model for calculating the machine side split flue suction α _£ and the focal side split flue suction ^ according to the feedforward and feedback considered, and the present invention provides a The preferred method of calculation, step C), comprises the following steps:

cl) 测量空气温度 Γ_{α ;} Cl) measuring air temperature Γ _{α ;}

c2) 利用步骤 b)中确定的加热煤气流量 β，分别根据下面的机侧和焦侧分烟道吸力模型：式（6) 式 (7)

C2) Using the heated gas flow rate β determined in step b), according to the following machine side and focal side split flue suction models: Formula (6) (7)

计算出机侧分烟道吸力 α_£和焦侧分烟道吸力 a_c。其中，各参数的具体含义、单位以及获取方式如下： Calculate the machine side split flue suction α _£ and the focal side split flue suction a _c . The specific meaning, unit and acquisition method of each parameter are as follows:

T_a : 空气温度（Κ) , 可以采用本领域人员公知的各种测温方法测量焦炉环境内不受热源干扰（交换机外）、不被太阳直晒的位置的空气温度，一般将测量点设在分烟道走廊的两端； T _a : air temperature (Κ), the temperature of the air in the coke oven environment that is not disturbed by the heat source (outside the switch) and not exposed to the sun can be measured by various temperature measuring methods known to those skilled in the art, and the measuring point is generally Located at both ends of the chimney corridor;

e_Re ：加热煤气的基准流量（m³/小时），为同一工况下（焦炉生产的周转时间不变）多个焦炉生产小循环（一般不少于 5个）的加热煤气的平均流量。采用高（贫）炉煤气加热时加热煤气的基准流量也被分为机侧和焦侧两个基准流量； e _Re : The reference flow rate of heating gas (m ³ /hour), for the same working condition (the turnover time of coke oven production is constant) The average of the heating gas of multiple coke oven production small cycles (generally not less than 5) flow. The reference flow rate of heating gas when heating with high (lean) furnace gas is also divided into two reference flow rates of machine side and focal side;

a_£Re ：机侧分烟道基准吸力（Pa)，为同一工况中使用所确定的加热煤气的基准流量的情况下确定的能够使得焦炉加热空气过剩系数和看火孔压力保持适宜值的机侧分烟道吸力； a _£Re : The machine side divided flue reference suction (Pa), which is determined by using the determined reference flow rate of the heated gas in the same working condition, so that the coke oven heating air excess coefficient and the seeing hole pressure can be maintained at appropriate values. The side of the machine is divided into flue suction;

a_CRe ：焦侧分烟道基准吸力（Pa)，类似地，为同一工况中使用所确定的加热煤气的基准流量的情况下确定的能够使得焦炉加热空气过剩系数和看火孔压力保持适宜值的焦侧分烟道吸力； a _CRe : focal side split flue reference suction (Pa), similarly determined for the use of the determined reference flow rate of heated gas in the same operating condition, which enables the coke oven heating air excess coefficient and the seeing fire hole pressure to be maintained Appropriate value of the focal side is divided into flue suction;

T_aRef ：空气基准温度（K), 可以根据当地全年温度统计值确定的在当前时刻所处的时间段的空气平均温度，例如可以简单地将全年温度统计值划分几个时段，每个时段的平均气温就是空气基准温度，通常情况下，将设置测温点地温度视作空气温度使用，并以此确定空气基准温度，测温点设置在焦炉分烟道走廊的两端； P_ERef：机侧进风门的基准阻力（Pa) , 在周转时间确定的情况下，对应每一个空气基准温度就有一个适宜的进风门开度，在使用所确定的加热煤气基准流量和分烟道基准吸力的情况下测得的机侧进风门的平均阻力即为机侧进风门基准阻力； T _aRef : air reference temperature (K), which can be determined according to the local annual temperature statistics, the average temperature of the air at the current time. For example, the annual temperature statistics can be simply divided into several time periods, each The average temperature of the time period is the air reference temperature. Normally, the temperature at which the temperature measurement point is set is regarded as the air temperature, and the air reference temperature is determined by this, and the temperature measurement point is set at both ends of the coke oven branch flue corridor; P _ERef : the reference resistance (Pa) of the air inlet of the machine side. In the case where the turnaround time is determined, there is a suitable inlet opening for each air reference temperature, and the determined heating gas reference flow and the smoke are used. The average resistance of the machine side intake dam measured under the condition of the reference suction is the reference resistance of the machine side intake damper;

P_CRe ：焦侧进风门的基准阻力（Pa)，类似的，即为在上面的条件下测得的焦侧进风门的平均阻力；以上七个参数为本领域人员通过惯常操作可以获得的值，或者是在现有的自动控制单元上可以获取的值； P _CRe : the reference resistance (Pa) of the focal side inlet damper, similarly, the average resistance of the focal side inlet damper measured under the above conditions; the above seven parameters are values that can be obtained by the personnel in the field by conventional operations. , or a value that can be obtained on an existing automatic control unit;

μ 吸力的煤气流量指数，选值范围为 1-2; μ suction gas flow index, the range of values is 1-2;

ξ : 空气温度系数，选值范围为 0-1 ; ξ : air temperature coefficient, the range of value is 0-1;

实际应用中可将 /、的初始值分别确定为 1.5和 0.5，再由专业人员依据焦炉加热的调节情况进行调整。 In practical applications, the initial values of /, can be determined to be 1.5 and 0.5, respectively, and then adjusted by the professional according to the adjustment of the coke oven heating.

其中步骤 a)测量的焦炉温度^可以为立火道温度、蓄热室顶部温度和小烟道温度中的一者，优选为小烟道温度。优选情况下，按照焦炉作业的笺号设置多个测温点，取其测量温度的平均值作为焦炉温度^。 The coke oven temperature measured in step a) may be one of a vertical gallery temperature, a regenerator top temperature and a small flue temperature, preferably a small flue temperature. Preferably, a plurality of temperature measuring points are set according to the nickname of the coke oven operation, and the average value of the measured temperatures is taken as the coke oven temperature.

在焦炉的各个部位的温度中，加热控制的最终目标是焦饼中心温度，其他各温度均与焦饼中心温度存在不同程度的相关，见图 3。其中火落温度、焦饼（表面）温度、炉墙（炭化室）温度与焦饼中心温度的相关性最好，但是如采用这些温度则测量全炉温度周期过长，投资较高，并不适合用于焦炉加热控制。火落温度能反映焦饼成熟情况，对于修正焦炉标准温度有很强的指导性。而立火道温度在使用人工测量时，其测量温度为立火道底部的砖的温度，这个温度可以使用，但是其易受炉体串漏、空气过剩系数等因素影响，使其测量结果的真实性和代表性变差。自动测量的立火道底部温度，与人工测量有着相似的缺陷，且如前所述采用的热电偶成本较高。蓄热室顶部（废气）温度的特性使其作为焦炉温度测量点较为合适，但缺点在于蓄热室顶部部位的温度较高，能够测量这种高温度的测量仪器的投资很大，所以设置的测点通常不是很多，费用高且代表性不好。分、总烟道温度与焦饼中心温度的相关性最弱，误差较大。而小烟道温度与焦饼中心温度的相关性适中，符合焦炉加热的自身特点，小烟道温度与两个燃烧室和三个炭化室直接相关，同时又与全炉其他燃烧室和炭化室间接相关，整体性较强，并且小烟道温度相对较低，使用热电阻或热电偶价格低廉，可以安装更多的热电阻或热电偶，这样成本低，测点多，代表性强。并且小烟道在焦炉中所处的位置，方便了焦炉的日常维修。 In the temperature of each part of the coke oven, the ultimate goal of the heating control is the center temperature of the coke cake, and the other temperatures are related to the temperature of the coke cake center temperature, as shown in Fig. 3. Among them, the fire temperature, the temperature of the coke cake (surface), the temperature of the furnace wall (carbonization chamber) and the temperature of the center of the coke cake are the best, but if the temperature is used, the temperature cycle of the whole furnace is too long, and the investment is high, and Suitable for coke oven heating control. The fire temperature can reflect the maturity of the coke cake, and it has strong guidance for correcting the standard temperature of the coke oven. When the vertical fire channel temperature is manually measured, the measured temperature is the temperature of the brick at the bottom of the vertical fire channel. This temperature can be used, but it is susceptible to the leakage of the furnace body and the excess coefficient of the air, so that the measurement result is true. Sex and representation deteriorated. The temperature of the bottom of the vertical flue that is automatically measured has similar defects as the manual measurement, and the thermocouple used as described above is costly. The characteristics of the temperature of the top of the regenerator (exhaust gas) make it suitable as a temperature measurement point for the coke oven, but the disadvantage is that the temperature at the top of the regenerator is high, and the investment in measuring the high temperature measuring instrument is large, so the setting is of The measuring points are usually not many, the cost is high and the representation is not good. The correlation between the total flue temperature and the temperature of the coke cake center is the weakest and the error is large. The correlation between the temperature of the small flue and the temperature of the coke cake center is moderate, which is in line with the characteristics of the coke oven heating. The small flue temperature is directly related to the two combustion chambers and the three carbonization chambers, and at the same time, the other combustion chambers and carbonization of the whole furnace. The chamber is indirectly related, the overall is strong, and the temperature of the small flue is relatively low. The use of thermal resistance or thermocouple is cheap, and more thermal resistance or thermocouple can be installed. The cost is low, the measuring points are large, and the representative is strong. And the location of the small flue in the coke oven facilitates the daily maintenance of the coke oven.

由于测量的焦炉温度的测温点的不同，所以步骤 b32)中的标准温度 T_Ref 可以为基于上述各种焦炉温度的标准温度，例如测量点设置在立火道时，使用常用立火道标准温度（直行标准温度），测量点设置在小烟道时，采用小烟道标准温度，这些标准温度对于本领域人员可以根据焦饼成熟情况确定，或者通过已经确定的直行温度标准和获取的各部位温度之间的关系数学模型来获得相关部位的标准温度。实际控制中，也可以将测量的其他部位的温度通过模型拟合为立火道温度，再与立火道的温度标准比较进行调节。 Since the measured temperature of the coke oven temperature is different, the standard temperature T _Ref in step b32) may be a standard temperature based on the above various coke oven temperatures, for example, when the measuring point is set in the vertical fire, the common standing fire is used. Standard temperature (straight standard temperature). When the measuring point is set in a small flue, the standard temperature of the small flue is used. These standard temperatures can be determined by the person in the field according to the maturity of the coke cake, or by the established straight-through temperature standard and acquisition. A mathematical model of the relationship between the various parts of the temperature to obtain the standard temperature of the relevant part. In actual control, the temperature of other parts of the measurement can also be fitted to the vertical tunnel temperature by the model, and then adjusted according to the temperature standard of the vertical flame.

对于上面提到的参数、其选值范围当分别选择小烟道温度和立火道温度或蓄热室顶部温度作为反馈的测量的焦炉温度时也有具体的选值范围，如表 1所示。 For the parameters mentioned above and their selected ranges, when the small flue temperature and the vertical flue temperature or the top temperature of the regenerator are separately selected as the measured coke oven temperature, there are also specific selection ranges, as shown in Table 1. .

表 1 Table 1

此外，如图 2所示，在自动控制***中，前馈包括主前馈和辅助前馈，对于本发明来说，在计算加热煤气流量 β的数学模型中，主前馈为全炉各炭化室平均结焦时间，辅助前馈可以为装炉煤水分、加热煤气热值等等，可以预留并根据企业的经济实力和炼焦生产的实际需要进行调整，而在计算焦炉分烟道吸力的数学模型中，前馈为加热煤气流量 β和空气温度 Γ_α，反馈为人工或在线测量废气中 0₂含量，再通过专业人员建立的 0₂含量与分烟道基准吸力之间的数学模型，来调整分烟道基准吸力实现加热用空气量的控制。 In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, in the automatic control system, the feedforward includes the main feedforward and the auxiliary feedforward. For the present invention, in the mathematical model for calculating the heating gas flow rate β, the main feedforward is the full furnace charcoal. The average coking time of the chemical chamber, the auxiliary feedforward can be the moisture of the furnace coal, the heating value of the heating gas, etc., can be reserved and adjusted according to the economic strength of the enterprise and the actual needs of the coking production, while calculating the suction of the coke oven. In the mathematical model, the feedforward is the heating gas flow rate β and the air temperature Γ _α , the feedback is the artificial or on-line measurement of the 0 ₂ content in the exhaust gas, and then the mathematical model established between the 0 ₂ content and the sub-flux reference suction by the professional , to adjust the reference suction of the chimney to achieve the control of the amount of heating air.

上述的步骤 b)和步骤 c)可以由自动加热控制单元执行，步骤 d)由自动加热控制单元发出的控制信号来操纵机械机构（例如控制加热煤气流量的调节翻板等）的运行，以达到控制焦炉温度的目的，其中该自动加热控制单元和机械机构可以应用现有的基本的焦炉自动加热控制单元和机械机构，不同点仅在于，焦炉自动加热控制单元中执行的应用程序为根据本发明所提供的方法编写的程序，本领域普通技术人员根据上述对本发明的描述可以得到该程序。 The above steps b) and c) can be performed by an automatic heating control unit, and step d) is operated by a control signal from the automatic heating control unit to operate the mechanical mechanism (for example, an adjustment flap that controls the heating gas flow, etc.) to achieve The purpose of controlling the temperature of the coke oven, wherein the automatic heating control unit and the mechanical mechanism can apply the existing basic coke oven automatic heating control unit and the mechanical mechanism, except that the application executed in the coke oven automatic heating control unit is The program written in accordance with the method provided by the present invention can be obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the above description of the present invention.

本发明所提供的方法在实施时只需对现有的焦炉加热自动控制***的结构略加改动，主要改变控制模型中的相关参数，就可以实现高效、精准控制焦炉加热的目的，在这里不再赘述。 The method provided by the invention only needs to slightly modify the structure of the existing coke oven heating automatic control system during implementation, and mainly changes the relevant parameters in the control model, thereby achieving the purpose of efficiently and accurately controlling the heating of the coke oven. I won't go into details here.

采用本发明提供的方法，可以利用现有焦炉加热自动控制***，实施成本低，在实际应用中可以达到理想的控制效果。此外，本发明在高炉煤气加热领域也可以实施，根据说明书公开的内容本领域技术人员结合高炉加热的特点仅需稍加改动就可以获得高炉自动加热控制方法，在此不再详细介绍。 By adopting the method provided by the invention, the existing coke oven heating automatic control system can be utilized, the implementation cost is low, and the ideal control effect can be achieved in practical applications. Further, the present invention can also be practiced in the field of blast furnace gas heating, and the blast furnace automatic heating control method can be obtained by a person skilled in the art in combination with the characteristics of blast furnace heating in accordance with the disclosure of the specification, and will not be described in detail herein.

Claims

权利要求书 Claim

1. 一种焦炉加热自动控制方法，该方法包括以下步骤： 1. A method for automatically controlling a coke oven heating, the method comprising the steps of:

a) 测量焦炉温度 Γ_{Μ ;} a) measuring coke oven temperature Γ _{Μ ;}

b) 根据测量的焦炉温度^确定加热煤气流量 β _; b) determining the heating gas flow rate β according to the measured coke oven temperature _;

C) 根据加热煤气流量 2确定机侧分烟道吸力和焦侧分烟道吸力 d_c； d) 根据确定的加热煤气流量 β、机侧分烟道吸力_¾和焦侧分烟道吸力 ^分别控制加热煤气流量、机侧和焦侧的分烟道吸力； C) According to the heating gas flow rate 2, determine the side flue suction and the focal side flue suction d _c ; d) according to the determined heating gas flow rate β, the machine side split flue suction _3⁄4 and the focal side split flue suction ^ respectively Control the heating flue gas flow, the flue side suction of the machine side and the focal side;

其特征在于，步骤 b)包括以下步骤： The method is characterized in that the step b) comprises the following steps:

bl) 获得多组不同时刻的焦炉温度 r以及焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间^的数据； Bl) obtaining data of coke oven temperature r at different sets of times and average coking time of coke oven carbonization chamber^;

b2) 利用步骤 bl)所获得到的数据建立焦炉温度 r和焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间 t的错时对应关系，得到 i时刻焦炉温度 7；与 j时刻焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间 ^之间的数学模型 7. = m^ _{+ w}，其中时刻为时刻之前一时刻，时刻焦炉温度 7；'与 /时刻焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间^之间有最佳的相关关系，确定斜率 m、截距《，并确定时刻与 /时刻之间的时差； B2) using the data obtained in step bl) to establish a time-corresponding relationship between the coke oven temperature r and the average coking time t of the coke oven carbonization chamber, to obtain the coke oven temperature 7 at time i; and the average coking time of the coke oven carbonization chamber at time j The mathematical model is 7. = m^ _{+ w} , where the time is the moment before the moment, the temperature of the coke oven is 7; the optimal correlation between the current coke time of the coke oven and the coke oven is determined, and the slope m is determined. , intercept ", and determine the time difference between the time and / time;

b3) 利用测量的焦炉温度 r_M、当前时刻的焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间 ^、先前时刻的焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间 ₂，确定加热煤气流量 β，其中当前时刻与先前时刻的时差等于时刻与 /时刻之间的时差。 B3) Determine the heating gas flow rate β by using the measured coke oven temperature r _M , the current coke oven carbonization chamber average coking time ^, and the previous coke oven carbonization chamber average coking time ₂ , wherein the current time difference from the previous time is equal to The time difference between the moment and the time.

2. 根据权利要求 1所述的焦炉加热自动控制方法，其中，相关性最好的时刻焦炉温度 ?：'与 /时刻焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间 ή的时刻与 f时刻之间的时差范围为 2-4小时。 2. The coke oven heating automatic control method according to claim 1, wherein the coke oven temperature at the time of the best correlation is: - the time difference between the time of the average coking time ή of the / coke oven carbonization chamber and the time f. The range is 2-4 hours.

3. 根据权利要求 1所述的焦炉加热自动控制方法，其中，该方法的骤 b3)包括以下步骤： 3. The coke oven heating automatic control method according to claim 1, wherein the method is Step b3) includes the following steps:

b31) 确定焦炉的周转时间 r，并计算当前时刻的焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间先前时刻的焦炉炭化室平均结焦时间 ₂、前一周转时间内加热煤气的平均流量 β_ρ ; B31) Determine the turnaround time r of the coke oven, and calculate the average coking time of the coke oven carbonization chamber at the current moment, the average coke time of the coke oven carbonization chamber at the previous moment ₂ , and the average flow rate β _ρ of the heated gas during the previous one _revolution ;

b32) 利用下面的加热煤气流量模型：

B32) Use the following heated gas flow model:

计算出加热煤气流量 β，其中为焦炉的标准温度，为平均结焦时间前馈系数，选值范围为 0-0.08之间，为温度反馈系数，选值范围为 0.005-0.025 之间，为动态标准温度系数，选值范围为 0-2.5之间。 Calculate the heating gas flow rate β, which is the standard temperature of the coke oven, which is the average coking time feedforward coefficient. The selection range is between 0-0.08, which is the temperature feedback coefficient. The selection range is between 0.005-0.025, which is dynamic. Standard temperature coefficient, the range of values is between 0-2.5.

4. 根据权利要求 1或 3所述的焦炉加热自动控制方法，其中，该方法的步骤 c)包括以下步骤： 4. The coke oven heating automatic control method according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the step c) of the method comprises the following steps:

cl) 测量空气温度 Γ_{α ;} Cl) measuring air temperature Γ _{α ;}

c2) 利用步骤 b)中确定的加热煤气流量 β，分别根据下面的机侧和焦侧分烟道吸力模型： C2) Using the heated gas flow rate β determined in step b), according to the following side and focal side split flue suction models:

计算出机侧分烟道吸力 α_£和焦侧分烟道吸力 a_c，其中为加热煤气的基准 Calculate the machine side split flue suction α _£ and the focal side split flue suction a _c , which is the reference for heating the gas

ERc f -为机侧分烟道基准吸力， _{Rp f}为焦侧分烟道基准吸力， r„_{Rp f}为空气基准温度， P, ERc f - is the reference suction of the flue side of the machine, _{Rp f} is the reference suction of the flue side, and r„ _{Rp f} is the air reference temperature, P,

为吸力的煤气流 Gas flow for suction

范围为 0-1之间。 The range is between 0-1.

5. 根据权利要求 1所述的焦炉加热自动控制方法，其中，：的焦炉 5. The coke oven heating automatic control method according to claim 1, wherein: the coke oven