WO2009017960A1 - Metalworking fluid compositions of isomerized base oil with improved antimisting properties and preparation thereof - Google Patents
Metalworking fluid compositions of isomerized base oil with improved antimisting properties and preparation thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009017960A1 WO2009017960A1 PCT/US2008/070039 US2008070039W WO2009017960A1 WO 2009017960 A1 WO2009017960 A1 WO 2009017960A1 US 2008070039 W US2008070039 W US 2008070039W WO 2009017960 A1 WO2009017960 A1 WO 2009017960A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- base oil
- metalworking fluid
- less
- kinematic viscosity
- range
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
- C10M2203/1065—Naphthenic fractions used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
- C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/17—Fisher Tropsch reaction products
- C10M2205/173—Fisher Tropsch reaction products used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/011—Cloud point
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/04—Molecular weight; Molecular weight distribution
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/065—Saturated Compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/071—Branched chain compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/18—Anti-foaming property
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/24—Emulsion properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/30—Anti-misting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/64—Environmental friendly compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/74—Noack Volatility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling
Definitions
- the invention relates generally to metalworking compositions exhibiting improved anti-mist properties, having a low foaming tendency and excellent air release properties.
- machining or metalworking fluids are employed.
- Metalworking fluids are used as cutting oils, rolling oils, drawing oils, pressing oils, forging oils, abrasive working oils for aluminium disks, abrasive oils for silicon wafers and coolants.
- Foaming is undesirable because it may reduce cooling at the workpiece-tool contact zone and causes containment transport and control problems.
- Various methods or strategies have been implemented to eliminate or reduce foaming, including the addition of foam control agent(s) when manufacturing the product or while the fluid is in-service.
- foam control agent(s) such as such as silicon-based foam inhibitors leaves residues on machined parts, making it rather difficult to subsequently paint the parts. Additionally for some foam control agent(s)., their use is generally found to worsen the metalworking fluid's air release properties. Poor air release properties can lead to air entrainment issues and cavitation.
- Recent reforming processes have formed a new class of oil, e.g., Fischer Tropsch base oil (FTBO), wherein the oil, fraction, or feed originates from or is produced at some stage by a Fischer-Tropsch process.
- FTBO Fischer Tropsch base oil
- the feedstock for a Fischer- Tropsch process may come from a wide variety of hydrocarbonaceous resources, including biomass, natural gas, coal, shale oil, petroleum, municipal waste, derivatives of these, and combinations thereof.
- Crude product prepared from the Fischer-Tropsch process can be refined into products such as diesel oil, naphtha, wax, and other liquid petroleum or specialty products.
- an isomerized base oil is produced from a process in which the feed is a waxy feed recovered from a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
- the process comprises a complete or partial hydroisomerization dewaxing step, using a dual-functional catalyst or a catalyst that can isomerize paraffins selectively.
- Hydroisomerization dewaxing is achieved by contacting the waxy feed with a hydroisomerization catalyst in an isomerization zone under hydroisomerizing conditions.
- a metalworking fluid comprising a lubricant base oil having consecutive numbers of carbon atoms and less than 10 wt% naphthenic carbon by n-d-M; and 0.10 to 10 wt. %.
- the metalworking fluid has an average mist accumulation rate of less than 300 mg/mm 3 within 30 seconds after start in an aerosol mist formation test.
- the metalworking fluid has an average mist accumulation rate of less than 150 mg/mm 3 in the first 60 seconds of the test.
- a method to reduce the mist formation in a metalworking fluid comprising blending a composition comprising a lubricant base oil having consecutive numbers of carbon atoms and less than 10 wt% naphthenic carbon by n-d-M; and 0.10 to 10 wt. %.
- metalworking fluid additive package metal deactivators; corrosion inhibitors; antimicrobial; anticorrosion; extreme pressure agents; antifriction; antirust agents; polymeric substances; anti inflammatory agents; bactericides; antiseptics; antioxidants; chelating agents such as edetic acid salts, and the like; pH regulators; antiwear agents; and mixtures thereof, for a metalworking fluid having an average mist accumulation rate of less than 300 mg/mm 3 within 30 seconds after start in an aerosol mist formation test
- Figures 1 - 3 are graphs illustrating the mist accumulation rates of Examples 7-13 in an aerosol mist formation test.
- metal working fluid may be used interchangeably with "metalworking composition,” “metal removal fluid,” “cutting fluid,” “machining fluid,” referring to a composition that can be used in industrial metal cutting, metal forming, metal protecting, metal treating, metal grinding operations or in the semiconductor industry wherein the shape of the final object, e.g., silicon wafer or machine part, is obtained by with or without the progressive removal of metal or silicon.
- Metalworking fluids amongst other functions are used to cool and to lubricate.
- Fischer-Tropsch derived means that the product, fraction, or feed originates from or is produced at some stage by a Fischer-Tropsch process.
- Fischer-Tropsch base oil may be used interchangeably with “FT base oil,” “FTBO,” “GTL base oil” (GTL: gas-to-liquid), or “Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil.”
- FT base oil FTBO
- GTL base oil GTL: gas-to-liquid
- Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil FT base oil
- isomerized base oil refers to a base oil made by isomerization of a waxy feed.
- a "waxy feed" comprises at least 40 wt% n-paraffins. In one embodiment, the waxy feed comprises greater than 50 wt% n-paraff ⁇ ns. In another embodiment, greater than 75 wt% n-paraffins. In one embodiment, the waxy feed also has very low levels of nitrogen and sulphur, e.g., less than 25 ppm total combined nitrogen and sulfur, or in other embodiments less than 20 ppm.
- waxy feeds examples include slack waxes, deoiled slack waxes, refined foots oils, waxy lubricant raffinates, n-paraffin waxes, NAO waxes, waxes produced in chemical plant processes, deoiled petroleum derived waxes, microcrystalline waxes, Fischer-Tropsch waxes, and mixtures thereof.
- the waxy feeds have a pour point of greater than 50 0 C. In another embodiment, greater than 60 0 C.
- "Kinematic viscosity" is a measurement in mm 2 /s of the resistance to flow of a fluid under gravity, determined by ASTM D445-06.
- Viscosity index (VI) is an empirical, un ⁇ t-less number indicating the effect of temperature change on the kinematic viscosity of the oil. The higher the VI of an oil, the lower its tendency to change viscosity with temperature. Viscosity index is measured according to ASTM D 2270-04,
- CCS VIS Cold-cranking simulator apparent viscosity
- Brookf ⁇ eld viscosity is used to determine the internal fluid-friction of a lubricant during cold temperature operation, which can be measured by ASTM D 2983-04.
- Pul point is a measurement of the temperature at which a sample of base oil will begin to flow under certain carefully controlled conditions, which can be determined as described in ASTM D 5950-02.
- Auto ignition temperature is the temperature at which a fluid will ignite spontaneously in contact with air, which can be determined according to ASTM 659-78.
- consecutive numbers of carbon atoms means that the base oil has a distribution of hydrocarbon molecules over a range of carbon numbers, with every number of carbon numbers in-between.
- the base oil may have hydrocarbon molecules ranging from C22 to C36 or from C30 to C60 with every carbon number in-between.
- the hydrocarbon molecules of the base oil differ from each other by consecutive numbers of carbon atoms, as a consequence of the waxy feed also having consecutive numbers of carbon atoms.
- the source of carbon atoms is CO and the hydrocarbon molecules are built up one carbon atom at a time. Petroleum-derived waxy feeds have consecutive numbers of carbon atoms.
- PAO poly-alpha-olefin
- the molecules of an isomerized base oil have a more linear structure, comprising a relatively long backbone with short branches.
- the classic textbook description of a PAO is a star-shaped molecule, and in particular tridecane, which is illustrated as three decane molecules attached at a central point. While a star-shaped molecule is theoretical, nevertheless PAO molecules have fewer and longer branches that the hydrocarbon molecules that make up the isomerized base oil disclosed herein.
- “Molecules with cycloparaffinic functionality” mean any molecule that is, or contains as one or more substituents, a monocyclic or a fused multicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group.
- “Molecules with monocycloparaffinic functionality” mean any molecule that is a monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon group of three to seven ring carbons or any molecule that is substituted with a single monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon group of three to seven ring carbons.
- “Molecules with multicycloparaffinic functionality” mean any molecule that is a fused multicycHc saturated hydrocarbon ring group of two or more fused rings, any molecule that is substituted with one or more fused multicyclic saturated hydrocarbon ring groups of two or more fused rings, or any molecule that is substituted with more than one monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon group of three to seven ring carbons.
- Oxidator BN measures the response of a lubricating oil in a simulated application. High values, or long times to adsorb one liter of oxygen, indicate good stability. Oxidator BN can be measured via a Dornte-type oxygen absorption apparatus (R. W. Dornte "Oxidation of White Oils," Industrial and Engineering
- Molecular characterizations can be performed by methods known in the art, including Field Ionization Mass Spectroscopy (FIMS) and n-d-M analysis (ASTM D 3238-95 (Re-approved 2005)).
- FIMS Field Ionization Mass Spectroscopy
- ASTM D 3238-95 Re-approved 2005
- the base oil is characterized as alkanes and molecules with different numbers of unsaturations.
- the molecules with different numbers of unsaturations may be comprised of cycloparaffms, olefins, and aromatics. If aromatics are present in significant amount, they would be identified as 4- unsaturations. When olefins are present in significant amounts, they would be identified as 1 -unsaturations.
- the total of the 1 -unsaturations, 2-unsaturations, 3- unsaturations, 4-unsaturations, 5-unsaturations, and 6-unsaturations from the FIMS analysis, minus the wt % olefins by proton NMR, and minus the wt % aromatics by HPLC-UV is the total weight percent of molecules with cycloparaffinic functionality. If the aromatics content was not measured, it was assumed to be less than 0.1 wt % and not included in the calculation for total weight percent of molecules with cycloparaffinic functionality.
- the total weight percent of molecules with cycloparaffinic functionality is the sum of the weight percent of molecules with monocyclopraffinic functionality and the weight percent of molecules with multicycloparaffinic functionality.
- Molecular weights are determined by ASTM D2503-92(Reapproved 2002). The method uses thermoelectric measurement of vapour pressure (VPO). In circumstances where there is insufficient sample volume, an alternative method of ASTM D2502-04 may be used; and where this has been used it is indicated.
- VPO vapour pressure
- Density is determined by ASTM D4052-96 (Reapproved 2002). The sample is introduced into an oscillating sample tube and the change in oscillating frequency caused by the change in the mass of the tube is used in conjunction with calibration data to determine the density of the sample,
- Weight percent olefins can be determined by proton-NMR according to the steps specified herein.
- the olefins are conventional olefins, i.e. a distributed mixture of those olefin types having hydrogens attached to the double bond carbons such as: alpha, vinylidene, cis, trans, and tri-substituted, with a detectable allylic to olefin integral ratio between 1 and 2.5. When this ratio exceeds 3, it indicates a higher percentage of tri or terra substituted olefins being present, thus other assumptions known in the analytical art can be made to calculate the number of double bonds in the sample.
- the steps are as follows: A) Prepare a solution of 5- 10% of the test hydrocarbon in deuterochloroform. B) Acquire a normal proton spectrum of at least 12 ppm spectral width and accurately reference the chemical shift (ppm) axis, with the instrument having sufficient gain range to acquire a signal without overloading the receiver/ ADC, e.g., when a 30 degree pulse is applied, the instrument having a minimum signal digitization dynamic range of 65,000. In one embodiment, the instrument has a dynamic range of at least 260,000. C) Measure the integral intensities between: 6.0-4.5 ppm (olefin); 2.2-1.9 ppm (allylic); and 1.9-0.5 ppm (saturate).
- the wt% olefins by proton NMR 100 times the number of double bonds times the number of hydrogens in a typical olefin molecule divided by the number of hydrogens in a typical test substance molecule.
- the wt% olefins by proton NMR calculation procedure, D works particularly well when the percent olefins result is low, less than 15 wt%.
- Weight percent aromatics in one embodiment can be measured by HPLC-UV.
- the test is conducted using a Hewlett Packard 1050 Series Quaternary Gradient High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) system, coupled with a HP 1050 Diode- Array UV -Vis detector interfaced to an HPLC-UV.
- HPLC Hewlett Packard 1050 Series Quaternary Gradient High Performance Liquid Chromatography
- Chem-station Identification of the individual aromatic classes in the highly saturated base oil can be made on the basis of the UV spectral pattern and the elution time.
- the amino column used for this analysis differentiates aromatic molecules largely on the basis of their ring- number (or double-bond number).
- the single ring aromatic containing molecules elute first, followed by the polycyclic aromatics in order of increasing double bond number per molecule.
- those with only alkyl substitution on the ring elute sooner than those with naphthenic substitution.
- Unequivocal identification of the various base oil aromatic hydrocarbons from their UV absorbance spectra can be accomplished recognizing that then- peak electronic transitions are all red-shifted relative to the pure model compound analogs to a degree dependent on the amount of alkyl and naphthenic substitution on the ring system.
- Quantification of the eluting aromatic compounds can be made by integrating chromatograms made from wavelengths optimized for each general class of compounds over the appropriate retention time window for that aromatic.
- Retention time window limits for each aromatic class can be determined by manually evaluating the individual absorbance spectra of eluting compounds at different times and assigning them to the appropriate aromatic class based on their qualitative similarity to model compound absorption spectra.
- HPLC-UV Calibration can be used for identifying classes of aromatic compounds even at very low levels, e.g., multi-ring aromatics typically absorb 10 to 200 times more strongly than single-ring aromatics. Alkyl-substitution affects absorption by 20%. Integration limits for the co-eluting 1- ring and 2-ring aromatics at 272nm can be made by the perpendicular drop method. Wavelength dependent response factors for each general aromatic class can be first determined by constructing Beer's Law plots from pure model compound mixtures based on the nearest spectral peak absorbances to the substituted aromatic analogs. Weight percent concentrations of aromatics can be calculated by assuming that the average molecular weight for each aromatic class was approximately equal to the average molecular weight for the whole base oil sample.
- the weight percent of all molecules with at least one aromatic function in the purified mono-aromatic standard can be confirmed via long-duration carbon 13 NMR analysis.
- the NMR results can be translated from % aromatic carbon to % aromatic molecules (to be consistent with HPLC-UV and D 2007) knowing that 95-99% of the aromatics in highly saturated base oils are single-ring aromatics.
- the standard D 5292-99 (Reapproved 2004) method can be modified to give a minimum carbon sensitivity of 500:1 (by ASTM standard practice E 386) with a 15-hour duration run on a 400-500 MHz NMR with a 10- 12 mm Nalorac probe.
- Acorn PC integration software can be used to define the shape of the baseline and consistently integrate.
- Extent of branching refers to the number of alkyl branches in hydrocarbons. Branching and branching position can be determined using carbon- 13 ( 13 C) NMR according to the following nine-step process: 1) Identify the CH branch centers and the CH 3 branch termination points using the DEPT Pulse sequence (Doddrell, D.T.; D. T. Pegg; M.R. Bendall, Journal of Magnetic Resonance 1982, 48, 323ff). 2) Verify the absence of carbons initiating multiple branches (quaternary carbons) using the APT pulse sequence (Part, S. L.; J. N. Shoolery, Journal of Magnetic Resonance 1982, 46, 535ff.).
- % in chloroform-dl are excited by 30 degrees pulses followed by a 1.3 seconds (sec.) acquisition time, hi order to minimize non-uniform intensity data, the broadband proton inverse-gated decoupling is used during a 6 sec. delay prior to the excitation pulse and on during acquisition.
- Samples are doped with 0.03 to 0.05 M Cr (acac) 3 (tris (acetylacetonato)-chromium (III)) as a relaxation agent to ensure full intensities are observed.
- the DEPT and APT sequences can be carried out according to literature descriptions with minor deviations described in the Varian or Bruker operating manuals.
- DEPT is Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer.
- the DEPT 45 sequence gives a signal all carbons bonded to protons.
- DEPT 90 shows CH carbons only.
- DEPT 135 shows CH and CH3 up and CH 2 180 degrees out of phase (down).
- APT is attached proton test, known in the art. It allows all carbons to be seen, but if CH and CH 3 are up, then quaternaries and CH 2 are down.
- the branching properties of the sample can be determined by 13 C NMR using the assumption in the calculations that the entire sample was iso-paraffinic.
- the unsaturates content may be measured using Field Ionization Mass Spectroscopy (FIMS).
- the metal working fluid comprises a number of components, including optional additives, in a matrix of base oil.
- the base oil or blends thereof forming the matrix comprises at least an isomerized base oil which the product itself, its fraction, or feed originates from or is produced at some stage by isomerization of a waxy feed from a Fischer-Tropsch process ("Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils").
- the base oil comprises at least an isomerized base oil made from a substantially paraffinic wax feed ("waxy feed”).
- the base oil consists essentially of at least an isomerized base oil.
- Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils are disclosed in a number of patent publications, including for example U.S. Pat. Nos. 6080301, 6090989, and 6165949, and US Patent Publication No. US2004/0079678A1, US20050133409, US20060289337.
- the Fischer-Tropsch process is a catalyzed chemical reaction in which carbon monoxide and hydrogen are converted into liquid hydrocarbons of various forms including a light reaction product and a waxy reaction product, with both being substantially paraffinic.
- the isomerized base oil has consecutive numbers of carbon atoms and has less than 10 wt% naphthenic carbon by n-d-M.
- the isomerized base oil made from a waxy feed has a kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C between 1.5 and 3.5 mm 2 /s.
- the isomerized base oil is made by a process in which the hydroisomerization dewaxing is performed at conditions sufficient for the base oil to have: a) a weight percent of all molecules with at least one aromatic functionality less than 0.30; b) a weight percent of all molecules with at least one cycloparaffinic functionality greater than 10; c) a ratio of weight percent molecules with monocycloparaffinic functionality to weight percent molecules with multicycloparaffinic functionality greater than 20 and d) a viscosity index greater than 28 x Ln (Kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C.) + 80.
- the isomerized base oil is made from a process in which the highly paraffinic wax is hydroisomerized using a shape selective intermediate pore size molecular sieve comprising a noble metal hydrogenation component, and under conditions of 600 - 75O 0 F. (315 - 399 0 C.) hi the process, the conditions for hydroisomerization are controlled such that the conversion of the compounds boiling above 700 0 F (371 0 C.) in the wax feed to compounds boiling below 700°F (371°C.) is maintained between 10 wt % and 50 wt%.
- a resulting isomerized base oil has a kinematic viscosity of between 1.0 and 3.5 mm 2 /s at 100 0 C.
- the base oil comprises greater than 3 weight % molecules with cycloparaffinic functionality and less than 0.30 weight percent aromatics.
- the isomerized base oil has a Noack volatility less than an amount calculated by the following equation: 1000 x (Kinematic Viscosity at 100 0 C.) "27 .
- the isomerized base oil has a Noack volatility less than an amount calculated by the following equation: 900 x (Kinematic Vicosity at 100 0 C 1 ) "28
- the isomerized base oil has a Kinematic Vicosity at 100 0 C.
- the isomerized base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C. of less than 4.0 mmVs, and a wt% Noack volatility between 0 and 100.
- the isomerized base oil has a kinematic viscosity between 1.5 and 4.0 mm /s and a Noack volatility less than the Noack volatility calculated by the following equation: 160 - 40 (Kinematic Viscosity at 100 0 C).
- the isomerized base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100 c C. in the range of 2.4 and 3.8 mm 2 /s and a Noack volatility less than an amount defined by the equation: 900 x (Kinematic Viscosity at 100 0 C.) "2 8 -15).
- 900 x Kinematic Viscosity at 100 0 C
- Z8 -15 provides a lower Noack volatility than the equation: 160- 40 (Kinematic Viscosity at 100 0 C.)
- the isomerized base oil is made from a process in which the highly paraffinic wax is hydroisomerized under conditions for the base oil to have a kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C. of 3.6 to 4.2 mm 2 /s, a viscosity index of greater than 130, a wt% Noack volatility less than 12, a pour point of less than -9 0 C.
- AIT in 0 C. 1.6 x (Kinematic Viscosity at 4O 0 C, in mm2/s) + 300.
- the base oil as an AIT of greater than 329 0 C and a viscosity index greater than 28 x Ln (Kinematic Viscosity at 100 0 C, in mmVs) + 100.
- the isomerized base oil has a traction coefficient of less than 0,023 (or less than 0.021) when measured at a kinematic viscosity of 15 mm 2 /s and at a slide to roll ratio of 40%.
- the isomerized base oil has a traction coefficient of less than 0.017 when measured at a kinematic viscosity of 15 mm 2 /s and at a slide to roll ratio of 40%.
- the isomerized base oil has a viscosity index greater than 150 and a traction coefficient less than 0.015 when measured at a kinematic viscosity of 15 mm /s and at a slide to roll ratio of 40 percent.
- the isomerized base oil having low traction coefficients also displays a higher kinematic viscosity and higher boiling points.
- the base oil has a traction coefficient less than 0.015, and a 50 wt% boiling point greater than 565°C (1050 0 F). In another embodiment, the base oil has a traction coefficient less than 0.011 and a 50 wt% boiling point by ASTM D 6352-04 greater than 582 0 C. (1080 0 F). [051] In some embodiments, the isomerized base oil having low traction coefficients also displays unique branching properties by NMR, including a branching index less than or equal to 23,4, a branching proximity greater than or equal to 22.0, and a Free Carbon Index between 9 and 30. In one embodiment, the base oil has at least 4 wt% naphthenic carbon, in another embodiment, at least 5 wt% naphthenic carbon by n-d-M analysis by ASTM D 3238-95 (Reapproved 2005).
- the isomerized base oil is produced in a process wherein the intermediate oil isomerate comprises paraffinic hydrocarbon components, and in which the extent of branching is less than 7 alkyl branches per 100 carbons, and wherein the base oil comprises paraffinic hydrocarbon components in which the extent of branching is less than 8 alkyl branches per 100 carbons and less than 20 wt % of the alkyl branches are at the 2 position.
- the FT base oil has a pour point of less than -8 0 C; a kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C of at least 3.2 mm 2 /s; and a viscosity index greater than a viscosity index calculated by the equation of - 22 x Ln (kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C.) + 132.
- the base oil comprises greater than 10 wt. % and less than 70 wt. % total molecules with cycloparaffinic functionality, and a ratio of weight percent molecules with monocycloparaffinic functionality to weight percent molecules with multicycloparaffinic functionality greater than 15.
- the isomerized base oil has an average molecular weight between 600 and 1100, and an average degree of branching in the molecules between 6.5 and 10 alkyl branches per 100 carbon atoms.
- the isomerized base oil has a kinematic viscosity between about 8 and about 25 mm 2 /s and an average degree of branching in the molecules between 6.5 and 10 alkyl branches per 100 carbon atoms.
- the isomerized base oil is obtained from a process in which the highly paraffinic wax is hydroisomerized at a hydrogen to feed ratio from 712.4 to 3562 liter H ⁇ iter oil, for the base oil to have a total weight percent of molecules with cycloparaff ⁇ nic functionality of greater than 10, and a ratio of weight percent molecules with monocycloparaffinic functionality to weight percent molecules with multicycloparaffinic functionality of greater than 15.
- the base oil has a viscosity index greater than an amount defined by the equation: 28 x Ln (Kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C.) + 95.
- the base oil comprises a weight percent aromatics less than 0.30; a weight percent of molecules with cycloparaffinic functionality greater than 10; a ratio of weight percent of molecules with monocycloparaffinic functionality to weight percent of molecules with multicycloparaffinic functionality greater than 20; and a viscosity index greater than 28 x Ln (Kinematic Viscosity at 100 0 C.) + 110.
- the base oil further has a kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C. greater than 6 mm 2 /s.
- the base oil has a weight percent aromatics less than 0.05 and a viscosity index greater than 28 x Ln (Kinematic Viscosity at 100 0 C.) + 95.
- the base oil has a weight percent aromatics less than 0.30, a weight percent molecules with cycloparaffrnic functionality greater than the kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C, in mra 2 /s, multiplied by three, and a ratio of molecules with monocycloparaffinic functionality to molecules with multicycloparaffinic functionality greater than 15.
- the isomerized base oil contains between 2 and 10
- the base oil has a kinematic viscosity of 1.5 - 3.0 mm 2 /s at 100 0 C. and 2-3 % naphthenic carbon. In another embodiment, a kinematic viscosity of 1.8 - 3.5 mm 2 /s at 100 0 C. and 2.5- 4 % naphthenic carbon. In a third embodiment, a kinematic viscosity of 3 - 6 mm 2 /s at 100 0 C. and 2.7 - 5 % naphthenic carbon. In a fourth embodiment, a kinematic viscosity of 10 - 30 mnvVs at 100 0 C. and greater than 5.2 % naphthenic carbon.
- the isomerized base oil has an average molecular weight greater than 475; a viscosity index greater than 140, and a weight percent olefins less than 10.
- the base oil improves the air release and low foaming characteristics of the mixture when incorporated into the metalworking fluid.
- the isomerized base oil is a FT base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100 c C between 2 mm 2 /s and 6 mm 2 /s; a kinematic viscosity at 40 0 C between 7 mm 2 /s and 20 mm 2 /s; CCS viscosity of less than 2300 mPa.s at - 35°C; pour point in the range of -20 and -4O 0 C; molecular weight of 300 — 500; density in the range of 0.800 to 0.820; paraffinic carbon in the range of 93-97 %; naphthenic carbon in the range of 3-7%; Oxidator BN of 30 to 60 hours; and Noack volatility in wt. % of 8 to 20 as measured by ASTM D5800-05 Procedure B.
- the isomerized base oil is a FT base oil of "light" range viscosity having a kinematic viscosity at 100°C between 2 mm 2 /s and 3 mm 2 /s; a kinematic viscosity at 40 0 C between 7 mm 2 /s and 25 mm 2 /s; a viscosity index of 120-150; pour point in the range of -20 and - 50 0 C; molecular weight of 300 - 500; density in the range of 0.800 to 0.820; paraffinic carbon in the range of 92-97 %; naphthenic carbon in the range of 3-7%; Oxidator BN of 30 to 60 hours; and Noack volatility in wt.
- the isomerized base oil is a FT base oil of "medium" range viscosity, having a kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C between 5 mm /s and 7 mm /s; a kinematic viscosity at 40 0 C between 25 mm /s and 50 mm 2 /s; a viscosity index of 140-160; pour point in the range of -15 and -25°C; molecular weight of 450 - 550; density in the range of 0.820 to 0.830; paraffinic carbon in the range of 90-95 %.
- the base oil comprises a mixture of "light" and "medium” range viscosity FT base oils.
- the metalworking fluid employs at least one of the isomerized base oils described above.
- the composition consists essentially of at least a Fischer-Tropsch base oil.
- the metalworking fluid employs at least an isomerized based oil as the base oil matrix and optionally 5 to 95 wt. % of at least another type of oil, e.g., lubricant base oils selected from Group I, II, III, IV, and V lubricant base oils as defined in the API Interchange Guidelines, and mixtures thereof.
- the metalworking fluid employs an isomerized based oil and 5 to 20 wt. % of at least another type of oil.
- Mineral lubricating oil base stocks can be any conventionally refined base stocks derived from paraffinic, naphthenic and mixed base crudes.
- Synthetic lubricating oils that can be used include esters of glycols and complex esters.
- synthetic oils that can be used include synthetic hydrocarbons such as polyalphaolefins; alkyl benzenes, e.g., alkylate bottoms from the alkylation of benzene with tetrapropylene, or the copolymers of ethylene and propylene; silicone oils, e.g., ethyl phenyl polysiloxanes, methyl polysiloxanes, etc., polyglycol oils, e.g., those obtained by condensing butyl alcohol with propylene oxide; etc.
- Other suitable synthetic oils include the polyphenyl ethers, e.g., those having from 3 to 7 ether linkages and 4 to 8 phenyl groups.
- Other suitable synthetic oils include polyisobutenes, and alkylated aromatics such as alkylated naphthalenes.
- the metalworking fluid in one embodiment is characterized as having reduced mist formation, lower foaming tendency, and better air release properties compared to compositions of the prior art.
- the metalworking fluid may contain applicable additives known in the art to improve the properties of the composition in amounts ranging from 0.10 to 10 wt. %.
- additives include metal deactivators; corrosion inhibitors; antimicrobial; anticorrosion; extreme pressure agents; antifriction; antirust agents; polymeric substances; anti inflammatory agents; bactericides; antiseptics; antioxidants; chelating agents such as edetic acid salts, and the like; pH regulators; antiwear agents including active sulphur anti-wear additive packages and the like; a metalworking fluid additive package containing at least one of the aforementioned additives.
- hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers, styrene or hydrocarbyl-substituted styrene hydrophobic monomers and hydrophilic monomers, oil soluble organic polymers ranging in molecular weight (viscosity average molecular weight) from about 0.3 to over 4 million such as isobutylene, styrene, alkyl methacrylate, ethylene, propylene, n-butylene vinyl acetate, etc.
- polymethylmethacrylate or poly(ethylene, propylene, butylene or isobutylene) in the molecular weight range 1 to 3 million is used.
- small amount of foam inhibitors in the prior art can also be added to the composition in an amount ranging from 0.05 to 15.0 wt. %.
- Non-limiting examples include polydimethylsiloxanes, often trimethylsilyl terminated, alkyl polymethacrylates, polymethylsiloxanes, an N-acylamino acid having a long chain acyl group and/or a salt thereof, an N-alkylamino acid having a long chain alkyl group and / or a salt thereof used concurrently with an alkylalkylene oxide and/or an acylalkylene oxide, acetylene diols and ethoxylated acetylene diols, silicones, hydrophobic materials (e.g.
- silica fatty amides, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, and/or organic polymers, modified siloxanes, polyglycols, esterif ⁇ ed or modified polyglycols, polyacrylates, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols, fatty alcohol esters, oxo-alcohols, fluorosurfactantSj waxes such as ethylenebistereamide wax, polyethylene wax, polypropylene wax, ethylenebisstereamide wax, and paraffinic wax, ureum.
- the foam control agents can be used with suitable dispersants and emulsifiers. Additional active foam control agents are described in "Foam Control Agents", by Henry T. Kerner (Noyes Data Corporation, 1976), pages 125-162.
- the metalworking fluid further comprises anti- friction agents include overbased sulfonates, sulfurized olefins, chlorinated paraffins and olefins, sulfurized ester olefins, amine terminated polyglycols, and sodium dioctyl phosphate salts.
- the composition further comprises corrosion inhibitors including carboxylic/boric acid diamine salts, carboxylic acid amine salts, alkanol amines, alkanol amine borates and the like.
- the metalworking fluid further comprise oil soluble metal deactivators in an amount of 0.01 to 0.5 vol % (based on the final oil volume).
- Non-limiting examples include triazoles or thiadiazoles, specifically aryl triazoles such as benzotriazole and tolyltriazole, alkyl derivatives of such triazoles, and benzothiadiazoles such as R(CeHs)N 2 S where R is H or C 1 to C 10 alkyl.
- Suitable materials are available from Ciba Geigy under the tradenames Irgamet and Reomet or from Vanderbilt Chemical Corporation under the Vanlube tradename.
- a small amount of at least an antioxidant in the range 0.01 to 1.0 weight % can be added.
- antioxidants of the aminic or phenolic type or mixtures thereof e.g., butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), bis-2,6-di-t-butylphenol derivatives, sulfur containing hindered phenols, and sulfur containing hindered bisphenol.
- the metalworking fluid further comprises 0.1 to 20 wt. % of at least an extreme-pressure agent.
- extreme pressure agents include zinc dithiophosphate, molybdenum oxysulf.de dithiophosphate, molybdenum oxysulfide thithiocarbamate, molybdenum amine compounds, sulfurized oils and fats, sulfurized fatty acids, sulfurized esters, sulfurized olefins, dihydrocarbyl polysulfides, thiocarbamates, thioterpenes, dialkyl thiodipropionates, and the like.
- various other conventional additives can be added to such extent that they do not inhibit the effects of the metalworking fluid.
- examples include fatty acids and salts thereof; polyhydric alcohols such as propylene glycol, glycerin, butylene glycerol, and the like; surfactants such as anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, nonionic surfactants, and the like; and boron nitride dispersed in a dispersant such as a surfactant.
- the optional additives used in formulating the metalworking fluid composition can be blended into the base oil matrix individually or in various sub-combinations.
- all of the components are blended concurrently using an additive concentrate (i.e., additives plus a diluent, such as a hydrocarbon solvent).
- an additive concentrate i.e., additives plus a diluent, such as a hydrocarbon solvent.
- the use of an additive concentrate takes advantage of the mutual compatibility afforded by the combination of ingredients when in the form of an additive concentrate.
- the metalworking fluid is prepared by mixing the base oil matrix with the optional additives and / or additive package(s) at an appropriate temperature, such as approximately 6O 0 C, until homogeneous, for use as a straight oil cutting fluid.
- the emulsifying agents may be added to the metalworking fluid to form an oil-in-water emulsion.
- the metalworking fluid composition is characterized as having reduced mist formation, low foaming tendency and excellent air release properties.
- the foaming tendency of the metalworking fluids can be measured using the ASTM D892-95 foam test, hi one embodiment, the metalworking fluid when evaluated under ASTM D892-06 method shows a sequence II foam tendency foam height of less than 50 mis. hi yet another embodiment, the metalworking fluid shows a sequence II foam height of less than 40 mis. hi a third embodiment, a sequence II foam height of less than 30 mis. hi a fifth embodiment, the sequence II foam height is less than 20 mis. In a six embodiment, none can be measured (0 ml).
- the metalworking fluid shows a sequence I foam tendency by ASTM D 892-03 of less than 100 ml.
- the fluid has a sequence I foam tendency of less than 50 ml, In a third embodiment, a sequence I foam tendency of less than 30 ml.
- the metalworking fluid has a number of minutes to
- the fluid has a number of minutes to 3 ml emulsion at 82 0 C. by ASTM D 1401-02 equal to or less than 60.
- Air release properties can be measured using the ASTM D 3427 (2003) method for gas bubble separation time of petroleum oil to measure the ability of a fluid to separate entrained gas.
- the metalworking fluid has an air release time at 5O 0 C. of less than 0.60 minutes as measured according to ASTM D 3427 (2003).
- an air release time of less than 1 A minutes.
- the metalworking fluid exhibits reduced mist formation property and imparts aerosol control or particulate control to the fluid, e.g., having 5 to 50% mist reduction compared to metalworking fluids comprising base oil Group I in the prior art.
- the metalworking fluid without any addition of anti-mist additives has an average mist accumulation rate of less than 300 mg/mm 3 in the first 30 seconds (after start) of the aerosol mist formation test.
- the metalworking fluid without any mist additive has an average mist accumulation rate of less than 250 mg/mm in the first 30 seconds of the aerosol mist formation test.
- the average mist accumulation rate is less than 200 mg/mm 3 in the first 30 seconds of the test.
- the average mist accumulation rate is less than 150 mg/mm 3 in the first 60 seconds of the test.
- the metalworking fluid composition is readily biodegradable, with the base oil having an OECD 301D level ranging from 30 to 95%.
- the metalworking fluid has a biodegradability of at least 30% as measured according to OECD 301D.
- Metalworking fluids can be characterized as suitable or unsuitable for extreme pressure applications.
- a fluid that is considered as suitable for extreme pressure is one that prevents sliding metal surfaces from seizing under extreme pressure conditions. The seizing of metal surfaces result from friction between opposing asperities. Asperities are microscopic projections on metal surfaces resulting from metalworking operations.
- One technique for measuring extreme pressure properties of a fluid is to measure a load force between sliding surfaces which can be sustained by lubricant without seizing of the sliding surfaces. Such a technique is described as a Falex load test, which is an ASTM standard test for fluid lubricants
- the metalworking fluid is characterized has having a Falex reference wear of less than ten teeth.
- the metahvorking fluid is characterized as having a Falex reference load of greater than about 4,500 pounds force.
- the metalworking fluid is characterized as having excellent lubricating property, specifically lubricating surfaces in sliding contacts, as measured in a Four-Ball Wear Test per ASTM D4172-94(2004)el .
- the metalworking fluid has a Four-Ball wear scar diameter of less than about 0.07 mm.
- the metalworking fluid is characterized has having a smooth liquid flow for excellent circulation in a pump. Moreover, the metalworking fluid has an excellent which can prevent frictional heat from being produced between a tool and a workpiece, so that the effective tool life can be increased.
- the metalworking fluid is used in the production of semiconductors, plant equipment, and auto parts, etc. wherein the shape of the final object, e.g., silicon wafer or machine part, is obtained by with or without the progressive removal of metal or silicon.
- Non-limiting examples of the operations include cutting, drilling, boring, honing, broaching, grinding, forming, stamping, casting, forging, rolling, piercing, coining, drawing, press forming, deburring, milling, grooving, tapping, chamfering, broaching, reaming, honing, lapping, straightening, and drawing.
- the metalworking fluid is applied to the contact zone between tool and workpiece.
- the fluid may be applied by a variety of methods, including immersing the contact zone in the fluid, spraying the fluid into the contact zone, flooding the contact zone with fluid, pumping a stream of fluid into the contact zone, periodically wetting the tool or the workpiece with lubricating fluid, or any means of constantly or intermittently applying the lubricant to the contact zone between the tool and the workpiece.
- EP agent is a commercially available sulfurized polymerized ester, 10% inactive sulphur extreme-pressure agent.
- HYN APTM N 1 OOHTS hydrotreated, naphthenic oil (Group V) is from San Joaquin Refining Oil, Inc. of Bakersfield, CA.
- AshlandTM IOOSN Group 1 oil is from Ashland Inc.
- ChevronTM IOOR group 2 oil, ChevronTM IOOR group 3 oil, and Chevron Synfluid 4 cSt PAO oil are all from Chevron Corporation of San Ramon, CA.
- Additive 2 is a sulfurized vegetable fatty acid ester.
- Defoamer is an acrylate oligomer antifoam / defoamer.
- Additive CAS is a commercially available overbased calcium sulphonate PEP metalworking additive containing carbonated alkylbenzene sulfonate.
- Additive SO is a sulfurized olefin.
- MSO Mineral seal oil
- basestock oils SN 100 density of 0.864 and viscosity of 20.6 mm 2 /sec at 4O 0 C
- SN 150 and SN 600 are commercially available from a number of sources.
- GTL Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils GST0449, FTBO L, FTBO XL, FTBO XXL, and FTBO M are from Chevron Corp. Properties of the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils used in the Examples are shown in Table 3.
- Anti-mist agent 1 is a methacrylate copolymer.
- Anti-mist agent 2 is a commercially available high molecular weight oil soluble polymer tackif ⁇ er.
- Examples 1 - 6 A number of metalworking fluid compositions having components as listed in Table 1 were formulated and their properties were measured using various standard test methods: ASTM D 1401-02 for Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic Fluids; ASTM D 3427 (2003) Standard Test Method for Air Release Properties of Petroleum Oils; and ASTM D892-95 Foam Stability Sequence Test. As shown in the table, the example incorporating the isomerized base oil shows low foaming tendency (foam height of nil) and air release property that is comparable if not better than the prior art oil (in view of the test repeatability of 1 min.). Table 1
- Examples 7 - 13 A number ofmetalworking fluid compositions having components as listed in Table 2 were formulated and their properties were measured / recorded. Examples 11-13 compare the compositions each with 0.25 wt. % of an anti-mist agent added (a high molecular weight oil soluble polymer tackifier).
- an anti-mist agent added a high molecular weight oil soluble polymer tackifier
- Compressed air was supplied through the annulus between the outer and inner tubes (ID 0.0021 m and OD 0.0013 m, respectively) at flow rates up to 35 litres/min.
- Mist generated by the atomizer was directed to a long wide plexiglass duct of square cross section or chamber (e.g., a 12" by 12" by 18" chamber).
- the amount of mist generated as a function of time was captured by a datalogger and recorded.
- a portable, real time aerosol monitor DataRAM® [MIE Instruments Inc., Bedford Mass.] was used as the datalogger to continuously quantify the mist levels generated.
- the DataRAM is a nephelometric monitor used to measure airborne particle concentration by sensing the amount of light scattered by the population of particles passing through a sampling volume.
- mist was generated for all of the samples at the beginning of the test. After atomizing, the mist tended to drop to the bottom of the container and thereby showing a drop in the amount of mist collected.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2694301A CA2694301A1 (en) | 2007-07-31 | 2008-07-15 | Metalworking fluid compositions of isomerized base oil with improved antimisting properties and preparation thereof |
DE112008002082T DE112008002082T5 (en) | 2007-07-31 | 2008-07-15 | Compositions for metalworking fluids with an isomerized base oil which has better anti-fogging properties and their preparation |
MX2010001002A MX2010001002A (en) | 2007-07-31 | 2008-07-15 | Metalworking fluid compositions of isomerized base oil with improved antimisting properties and preparation thereof. |
CN200880107410A CN101802147A (en) | 2007-07-31 | 2008-07-15 | Metalworking fluid compositions and preparation thereof with isomerized base oil of improved anti-atomizing character |
BRPI0814020-0A2A BRPI0814020A2 (en) | 2007-07-31 | 2008-07-15 | METAL WORKING FLUID, AND METHOD FOR LUBRICATION OF A WORKING PART IN A METAL WORKING OPERATION |
JP2010520054A JP2010535275A (en) | 2007-07-31 | 2008-07-15 | Isomerized base oil metalworking fluid compositions with improved mist prevention properties and their preparation |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/831,910 | 2007-07-31 | ||
US11/831,910 US20090036333A1 (en) | 2007-07-31 | 2007-07-31 | Metalworking Fluid Compositions and Preparation Thereof |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2009017960A1 true WO2009017960A1 (en) | 2009-02-05 |
Family
ID=39735327
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2008/070039 WO2009017960A1 (en) | 2007-07-31 | 2008-07-15 | Metalworking fluid compositions of isomerized base oil with improved antimisting properties and preparation thereof |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090036333A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2010535275A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101802147A (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0814020A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2694301A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE112008002082T5 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2010001002A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009017960A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105296245A (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2016-02-03 | 南京科润工业介质股份有限公司 | Emulsion for nut tapping processing and free of cleaning after use |
Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
MY160563A (en) * | 2008-10-01 | 2017-03-15 | Chevron Usa Inc | A 170 neutral base oil with improved properties |
CN102227494A (en) * | 2008-10-01 | 2011-10-26 | 雪佛龙美国公司 | Process to make 110 neutral base oil with improved properties |
US20120196782A1 (en) * | 2011-01-28 | 2012-08-02 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Rock Drill Oil |
CN102759503B (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2014-11-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Fast detecting case for metal working fluid |
CN109401810B (en) * | 2011-05-06 | 2022-03-18 | 凯密特尔有限责任公司 | Amine-free and VOC-free metal working fluid |
CA2843340C (en) * | 2011-07-25 | 2017-06-27 | David MCCREERY | Corrosion-inhibiting lubricant and methods therefor |
JP5764505B2 (en) * | 2012-02-02 | 2015-08-19 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | Oil composition |
US20140144846A1 (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2014-05-29 | Memc Singapore, Pte. Ltd (Uen200614797D) | Methods For The Recycling of Wire-Saw Cutting Fluid |
US20150191671A1 (en) * | 2014-01-07 | 2015-07-09 | Shell Oil Company | Lubricating composition |
EP3152281A4 (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2018-01-24 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Defoaming agent and associated methods of use |
US10041019B2 (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2018-08-07 | Continental Automotive Systems, Inc. | Drilling fluid system |
US10077409B2 (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2018-09-18 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Low viscosity low volatility lubricating oil base stocks and methods of use thereof |
US9976099B2 (en) | 2015-12-28 | 2018-05-22 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Low viscosity low volatility lubricating oil base stocks and methods of use thereof |
US10233403B2 (en) | 2016-11-03 | 2019-03-19 | EXXONMOBiL RESEARCH AND ENGiNEERENG COMPANY | High viscosity index monomethyl ester lubricating oil base stocks and methods of making and use thereof |
US10316265B2 (en) | 2015-12-28 | 2019-06-11 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Low viscosity low volatility lubricating oil base stocks and methods of use thereof |
CN106590843A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-04-26 | 广州科卢斯流体科技有限公司 | Precision stainless steel band cold-rolling rolling oil |
CN107164024A (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2017-09-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Lubricant oil composite and purposes |
US11499118B2 (en) * | 2017-10-06 | 2022-11-15 | Castrol Limited | Metal working fluid additive composition |
CN111205919B (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2021-11-16 | 库勃智能科技(上海)有限公司 | Environment-friendly biostable cutting fluid and preparation method thereof |
CN114210761A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-03-22 | 武汉市博钛新材料科技有限公司 | High-frequency induction seamless titanium welded pipe and production method thereof |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6506297B1 (en) * | 1995-12-08 | 2003-01-14 | Exxonmobile Research And Engineering Company | Biodegradable high performance hydrocarbon base oils |
EP1688476A1 (en) * | 2005-01-31 | 2006-08-09 | Chevron Oronite Company LLC | Lubricating base oil compositions and methods for improving fuel economy in an internal combustion engine using same |
WO2006089594A1 (en) * | 2005-02-24 | 2006-08-31 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Metal working fluid |
US20060201852A1 (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2006-09-14 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Extra light hydrocarbon liquids |
Family Cites Families (76)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US616549A (en) | 1898-12-27 | Reverse-feed for type-writers | ||
US3805918A (en) * | 1972-07-19 | 1974-04-23 | Chevron Res | Mist oil lubrication process |
US3919098A (en) * | 1973-11-05 | 1975-11-11 | Chevron Res | Cutting oil of reduced stray fog |
CA1290316C (en) * | 1985-06-27 | 1991-10-08 | Alain Louis Pierre Lenack | Aqueous fluids |
WO1996033253A1 (en) * | 1995-04-18 | 1996-10-24 | Asahi Denka Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Metal working oil composition and metal working method |
CA2204717C (en) * | 1996-05-13 | 2005-01-04 | Sanjay Kalhan | Sulfonate containing copolymers as mist suppressants in soluble oil (water based) metal working fluids |
JP2911113B2 (en) * | 1997-06-02 | 1999-06-23 | 工業技術院長 | High performance lubricating oil |
US6090989A (en) | 1997-10-20 | 2000-07-18 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Isoparaffinic lube basestock compositions |
US6059955A (en) * | 1998-02-13 | 2000-05-09 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co. | Low viscosity lube basestock |
US6080301A (en) | 1998-09-04 | 2000-06-27 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Premium synthetic lubricant base stock having at least 95% non-cyclic isoparaffins |
JP2000154392A (en) * | 1998-11-19 | 2000-06-06 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | Cutting oil composition |
US6150577A (en) * | 1998-12-30 | 2000-11-21 | Chevron U.S.A., Inc. | Method for conversion of waste plastics to lube oil |
US6468417B1 (en) * | 1999-06-11 | 2002-10-22 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Filtering lubricating oils to remove haze precursors |
US7067049B1 (en) * | 2000-02-04 | 2006-06-27 | Exxonmobil Oil Corporation | Formulated lubricant oils containing high-performance base oils derived from highly paraffinic hydrocarbons |
US6518321B1 (en) * | 2000-11-08 | 2003-02-11 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Method for transporting Fischer-Tropsch products |
US6773578B1 (en) * | 2000-12-05 | 2004-08-10 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Process for preparing lubes with high viscosity index values |
US6635171B2 (en) * | 2001-01-11 | 2003-10-21 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Process for upgrading of Fischer-Tropsch products |
AR032932A1 (en) * | 2001-03-05 | 2003-12-03 | Shell Int Research | PROCEDURE TO PREPARE A LUBRICANT BASED OIL AND OIL GAS |
US6656342B2 (en) * | 2001-04-04 | 2003-12-02 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Graded catalyst bed for split-feed hydrocracking/hydrotreating |
US6589415B2 (en) * | 2001-04-04 | 2003-07-08 | Chevron U.S.A., Inc. | Liquid or two-phase quenching fluid for multi-bed hydroprocessing reactor |
US6833484B2 (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2004-12-21 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Inhibiting oxidation of a Fischer-Tropsch product using petroleum-derived products |
US6392108B1 (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2002-05-21 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Inhibiting oxidation of a fischer-tropsch product using temporary antioxidants |
US6878854B2 (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2005-04-12 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Temporary antioxidants for Fischer-Tropsch products |
US6806237B2 (en) * | 2001-09-27 | 2004-10-19 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Lube base oils with improved stability |
US6699385B2 (en) * | 2001-10-17 | 2004-03-02 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Process for converting waxy feeds into low haze heavy base oil |
US6569909B1 (en) * | 2001-10-18 | 2003-05-27 | Chervon U.S.A., Inc. | Inhibition of biological degradation in fischer-tropsch products |
US6890423B2 (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2005-05-10 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Distillate fuel blends from Fischer Tropsch products with improved seal swell properties |
US6627779B2 (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2003-09-30 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Lube base oils with improved yield |
WO2003074634A2 (en) * | 2002-03-06 | 2003-09-12 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Improved hydrocarbon fluids |
US6713657B2 (en) * | 2002-04-04 | 2004-03-30 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Condensation of olefins in fischer tropsch tail gas |
US6822126B2 (en) * | 2002-04-18 | 2004-11-23 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Process for converting waste plastic into lubricating oils |
US6774272B2 (en) * | 2002-04-18 | 2004-08-10 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Process for converting heavy Fischer Tropsch waxy feeds blended with a waste plastic feedstream into high VI lube oils |
US6703353B1 (en) * | 2002-09-04 | 2004-03-09 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Blending of low viscosity Fischer-Tropsch base oils to produce high quality lubricating base oils |
US7811975B2 (en) * | 2002-10-25 | 2010-10-12 | Ali Erdemir | Metalworking and machining fluids |
US7144497B2 (en) * | 2002-11-20 | 2006-12-05 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Blending of low viscosity Fischer-Tropsch base oils with conventional base oils to produce high quality lubricating base oils |
US20040159582A1 (en) * | 2003-02-18 | 2004-08-19 | Simmons Christopher A. | Process for producing premium fischer-tropsch diesel and lube base oils |
US20040176259A1 (en) * | 2003-03-06 | 2004-09-09 | Hilbert Esselbrugge | Stabilized foam control compostions for lubricating compositons and their use |
US6962651B2 (en) * | 2003-03-10 | 2005-11-08 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Method for producing a plurality of lubricant base oils from paraffinic feedstock |
US7198710B2 (en) * | 2003-03-10 | 2007-04-03 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Isomerization/dehazing process for base oils from Fischer-Tropsch wax |
US7141157B2 (en) * | 2003-03-11 | 2006-11-28 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Blending of low viscosity Fischer-Tropsch base oils and Fischer-Tropsch derived bottoms or bright stock |
US20070010406A1 (en) * | 2003-03-24 | 2007-01-11 | Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Lubricant for water-miscible metal working oil |
JP2006524734A (en) * | 2003-04-28 | 2006-11-02 | グレート レイクス ケミカル(ヨーロッパ)ゲーエムベーハー | Lubricant composition |
US20040256286A1 (en) * | 2003-06-19 | 2004-12-23 | Miller Stephen J. | Fuels and lubricants using layered bed catalysts in hydrotreating waxy feeds, including Fischer-Tropsch wax |
US20040256287A1 (en) * | 2003-06-19 | 2004-12-23 | Miller Stephen J. | Fuels and lubricants using layered bed catalysts in hydrotreating waxy feeds, including fischer-tropsch wax, plus solvent dewaxing |
US20050077208A1 (en) * | 2003-10-14 | 2005-04-14 | Miller Stephen J. | Lubricant base oils with optimized branching |
US7018525B2 (en) * | 2003-10-14 | 2006-03-28 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Processes for producing lubricant base oils with optimized branching |
US7018959B2 (en) * | 2003-10-29 | 2006-03-28 | Miller Environmental | Water-based metal working fluid |
US7053254B2 (en) * | 2003-11-07 | 2006-05-30 | Chevron U.S.A, Inc. | Process for improving the lubricating properties of base oils using a Fischer-Tropsch derived bottoms |
US7083713B2 (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2006-08-01 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Composition of lubricating base oil with high monocycloparaffins and low multicycloparaffins |
US7763161B2 (en) | 2003-12-23 | 2010-07-27 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Process for making lubricating base oils with high ratio of monocycloparaffins to multicycloparaffins |
US7282134B2 (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2007-10-16 | Chevron Usa, Inc. | Process for manufacturing lubricating base oil with high monocycloparaffins and low multicycloparaffins |
US7195706B2 (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2007-03-27 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Finished lubricating comprising lubricating base oil with high monocycloparaffins and low multicycloparaffins |
US20050139514A1 (en) * | 2003-12-30 | 2005-06-30 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Hydroisomerization processes using sulfided catalysts |
US20050139513A1 (en) * | 2003-12-30 | 2005-06-30 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Hydroisomerization processes using pre-sulfided catalysts |
US7595288B2 (en) * | 2004-02-06 | 2009-09-29 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Antimicrobial metal working fluids |
US7045055B2 (en) * | 2004-04-29 | 2006-05-16 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Method of operating a wormgear drive at high energy efficiency |
US7645727B2 (en) * | 2004-05-03 | 2010-01-12 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Gear cutting oil |
US7655132B2 (en) * | 2004-05-04 | 2010-02-02 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Process for improving the lubricating properties of base oils using isomerized petroleum product |
US7384536B2 (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2008-06-10 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Processes for making lubricant blends with low brookfield viscosities |
US7572361B2 (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2009-08-11 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Lubricant blends with low brookfield viscosities |
US7473345B2 (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2009-01-06 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Processes for making lubricant blends with low Brookfield viscosities |
US7273834B2 (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2007-09-25 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Lubricant blends with low brookfield viscosities |
US7402236B2 (en) * | 2004-07-22 | 2008-07-22 | Chevron Usa | Process to make white oil from waxy feed using highly selective and active wax hydroisomerization catalyst |
US7214307B2 (en) * | 2004-07-22 | 2007-05-08 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | White oil from waxy feed using highly selective and active wax hydroisomerization catalyst |
US7520976B2 (en) * | 2004-08-05 | 2009-04-21 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Multigrade engine oil prepared from Fischer-Tropsch distillate base oil |
US20060065573A1 (en) * | 2004-09-28 | 2006-03-30 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Fischer-tropsch wax composition and method of transport |
US7488411B2 (en) * | 2004-09-28 | 2009-02-10 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Fischer-tropsch wax composition and method of transport |
US7479216B2 (en) * | 2004-09-28 | 2009-01-20 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Fischer-Tropsch wax composition and method of transport |
US7384538B2 (en) * | 2004-11-02 | 2008-06-10 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Catalyst combination for the hydroisomerization of waxy feeds at low pressure |
US7510674B2 (en) * | 2004-12-01 | 2009-03-31 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Dielectric fluids and processes for making same |
US7252753B2 (en) * | 2004-12-01 | 2007-08-07 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Dielectric fluids and processes for making same |
US7435327B2 (en) * | 2004-12-16 | 2008-10-14 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Hydraulic oil with excellent air release and low foaming tendency |
US7476645B2 (en) * | 2005-03-03 | 2009-01-13 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Polyalphaolefin and fischer-tropsch derived lubricant base oil lubricant blends |
US20060196807A1 (en) * | 2005-03-03 | 2006-09-07 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Polyalphaolefin & Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil lubricant blends |
US7708878B2 (en) * | 2005-03-10 | 2010-05-04 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Multiple side draws during distillation in the production of base oil blends from waxy feeds |
US7578926B2 (en) * | 2005-04-20 | 2009-08-25 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Process to enhance oxidation stability of base oils by analysis of olefins using Â1H NMR |
-
2007
- 2007-07-31 US US11/831,910 patent/US20090036333A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2008
- 2008-07-15 MX MX2010001002A patent/MX2010001002A/en unknown
- 2008-07-15 CN CN200880107410A patent/CN101802147A/en active Pending
- 2008-07-15 JP JP2010520054A patent/JP2010535275A/en active Pending
- 2008-07-15 WO PCT/US2008/070039 patent/WO2009017960A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-07-15 DE DE112008002082T patent/DE112008002082T5/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-07-15 BR BRPI0814020-0A2A patent/BRPI0814020A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-07-15 CA CA2694301A patent/CA2694301A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6506297B1 (en) * | 1995-12-08 | 2003-01-14 | Exxonmobile Research And Engineering Company | Biodegradable high performance hydrocarbon base oils |
EP1688476A1 (en) * | 2005-01-31 | 2006-08-09 | Chevron Oronite Company LLC | Lubricating base oil compositions and methods for improving fuel economy in an internal combustion engine using same |
WO2006089594A1 (en) * | 2005-02-24 | 2006-08-31 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Metal working fluid |
US20060201852A1 (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2006-09-14 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Extra light hydrocarbon liquids |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
DENIS J: "The Relationships between Structure and Rheological Properties of Hydrocarbons and Oxygenated Compounds used as Base Stocks", JOURNAL OF SYNTHETIC LUBRICATION, LEAF COPPIN PUBLISHING LTD., DEAL, KENT, GB, vol. 201, no. 1, 1 January 1984 (1984-01-01), pages 201 - 238, XP007904310, ISSN: 0265-6582 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105296245A (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2016-02-03 | 南京科润工业介质股份有限公司 | Emulsion for nut tapping processing and free of cleaning after use |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101802147A (en) | 2010-08-11 |
BRPI0814020A2 (en) | 2015-02-03 |
DE112008002082T5 (en) | 2010-08-26 |
JP2010535275A (en) | 2010-11-18 |
CA2694301A1 (en) | 2009-02-05 |
MX2010001002A (en) | 2010-03-01 |
US20090036333A1 (en) | 2009-02-05 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20090036333A1 (en) | Metalworking Fluid Compositions and Preparation Thereof | |
US20090036338A1 (en) | Metalworking Fluid Compositions and Preparation Thereof | |
US20120010113A1 (en) | Metalworking fluid compositions and preparation thereof | |
US7425524B2 (en) | Gear lubricant with a base oil having a low traction coefficient | |
US7582591B2 (en) | Gear lubricant with low Brookfield ratio | |
US7674364B2 (en) | Hydraulic fluid compositions and preparation thereof | |
US20070293408A1 (en) | Hydraulic Fluid Compositions and Preparation Thereof | |
US7932217B2 (en) | Gear oil compositions, methods of making and using thereof | |
US20090088354A1 (en) | Lubricating grease composition and preparation | |
US20090088352A1 (en) | Tractor hydraulic fluid compositions and preparation thereof | |
WO2009006156A1 (en) | Electrical insulating oil compositions and preparation thereof | |
CA2700637A1 (en) | Lubricating grease composition and preparation | |
MX2010012391A (en) | Gear oil compositions, methods of making and using thereof. | |
WO2009032602A1 (en) | Slideway lubricant compositions, methods of making and using thereof | |
US20090062163A1 (en) | Gear Oil Compositions, Methods of Making and Using Thereof |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 200880107410.9 Country of ref document: CN |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 08781837 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2694301 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: MX/A/2010/001002 Country of ref document: MX |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2010520054 Country of ref document: JP |
|
RET | De translation (de og part 6b) |
Ref document number: 112008002082 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20100826 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 08781837 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: PI0814020 Country of ref document: BR Kind code of ref document: A2 Effective date: 20100129 |