WO2009015960A1 - Distributeur de charges par transmission de charges dans un pack de batterie - Google Patents

Distributeur de charges par transmission de charges dans un pack de batterie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009015960A1
WO2009015960A1 PCT/EP2008/058350 EP2008058350W WO2009015960A1 WO 2009015960 A1 WO2009015960 A1 WO 2009015960A1 EP 2008058350 W EP2008058350 W EP 2008058350W WO 2009015960 A1 WO2009015960 A1 WO 2009015960A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
current
charge
buffer
buffer memory
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2008/058350
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hartmut Seiler
Philipp Kohlrausch
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2009015960A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009015960A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits

Definitions

  • Rechargeable batteries ie secondary cells can be damaged if they are overcharged or over-discharged.
  • Li-ion secondary battery cells may be charged to a maximum voltage of 4.0-4.5 V, and must not fall below a voltage of 2-2.5 V. If several cells are connected in a series connection to a battery pack in order to achieve a higher total capacity and total voltage, it is not sufficient to monitor the total battery pack voltage. Due to production-related variations in capacitance and parasitic discharge resistances, the cells are in different states of charge, which drift further and further apart over time due to periodically repeated charge and discharge cycles. Furthermore, an inhomogeneous temperature distribution, which occurs during operation within the battery pack, leads to a drift in the states of charge and the battery voltages.
  • the battery cells have different states of charge within a battery pack during charging and thus do not simultaneously reach their charge end voltage or a state of charge of 100%. This leads to the overload of individual cells, which are thus damaged as well as to the defective utilization of other cells. Furthermore, when discharging the battery pack, there is a risk that individual battery cells will be discharged below their minimum discharge end voltage upon reaching the discharge end voltage of the battery pack and thus damaged. This can in particular lead to reverse polarity of individual battery cells and thus to their destruction, whereby the entire battery pack is unusable. An increasing number of charge / discharge cycles increase the imbalances and result in widely spread values for the life of the battery pack, since polarity reversal of individual cells can be difficult to estimate.
  • the state of the art provides for monitoring the individual battery cells of the battery pack and, upon reaching the charge end voltage of one cell, passing the further charging current for the other, not yet fully charged battery cells past the charged cell. by using switched resistive elements.
  • JP-11178224 A describes a chopper circuit for increasing the charging voltage for a lithium secondary battery.
  • US 2006/0238165 A1 describes a method and a device for warming up lithium batteries by equipping a compensation circuit as a dissipative resistor. The equalizing currents are used to heat the accumulators in cold weather.
  • resistive elements generates heat that is critical to the operation of the battery pack at higher temperatures and, moreover, reduces efficiency because the resistive elements generate power dissipation in the form of heat.
  • a greater cooling is required to dissipate the heat output of the resistive elements, and / or the charging current must be reduced due to a limited cooling capacity, thereby increasing the total charging time.
  • the resistance elements maximum charging currents, since the rated power of the resistance elements may not be exceeded for their protection.
  • the power loss generated by resistive elements is largely or completely avoided. All, associated with the generation of power loss as heat disadvantages do not occur with the current equalizer and the inventive method. In particular, this increases the efficiency, achieves a shorter charging time, achieves an increased charging current and enables a significantly higher compensation current for balancing the batteries within the battery pack.
  • the concept underlying the invention is to transfer the excess charging energy of a battery to another battery, for the still charging energy is required by the energy to be transmitted is fed into a buffer memory and then transferred to the second remaining battery to be charged.
  • the invention is not limited to two batteries, but is generally suitable for a battery pack having at least two batteries, from a first subset (ie from a first battery) energy is fed into a buffer memory, which is connected to a second subset of batteries (second battery ) is transmitted.
  • the entire battery group can thus include charging energy donating, charging energy absorbing and also neutral in terms of charge energies batteries or battery elements.
  • excess energy is neither partially converted via resistance bypass networks nor completely via resistance heating elements into heat, but (apart from ohmic power loss components) cached in an energy storage and delivered time-shifted to a still to be charged battery or battery group.
  • a storage element which stores the energy in the buffer memory inductances are preferably used which can store energy from a first potential level and deliver it to another potential level, for example to a potential level which follows in series to the first potential level.
  • Such a memory element allows the transmission from a first row element to another row element, the series elements comprising serially connected batteries or battery terminals.
  • the battery does not necessarily have to be forwarded to the directly following series element or to the directly following battery, but can also be passed on to further battery elements, so that energy is transferred from a first storage element to a next storage element which is assigned to a further battery , can be passed on to further storage elements or batteries until the entire, from the first storage element emanating energy is completely distributed to other batteries.
  • the transfer of energy from one storage element to the next storage element following it in series thus allows the transfer of energy to other potential levels, this not necessarily being the next level of potential following thereafter.
  • the excess charging energy along a series connection (or parallel connection) of batteries is passed by means of memory elements which store the energy to be passed capacitively.
  • a capacitor can build up an electrostatic field by means of excess energy and pass it on to the next or to another storage element.
  • the memory elements can thus be designed as inductors or as capacitors. Within a circuit, both inductances and capacitances can be used as memory elements if the respectively associated circuitry is used.
  • the current equalizer thus comprises a current steering element and a first and a second current path.
  • the Stromlen- kung element connects the buffer memory via a first current path with the first battery terminal or the first battery and then connects the buffer memory via a second current path with a second battery terminal and a second Battery to deliver the cached energy to the second battery.
  • the current equalizer comprises a comparator which detects the state of charge at the first battery terminal, for example by a voltage tap and accordingly connects the buffer memory for charging the buffer memory to a first battery terminal , Then, the current steering element connects the buffer memory via the second current path to the second battery terminal, for example, when the charging of the buffer memory has continued over the first current path for a certain period of time, or if the buffer has reached a certain state of charge. This is detected, for example, by the voltage or the current is detected at the buffer memory, in order to infer the state of charge of the buffer memory. Further, the charging of the buffer memory by the first battery terminal may continue for a predetermined period of time for which the relationship
  • the actual buffer charge state is either measured by detecting a charging current or a charging voltage (for an inductance), or is estimated, for example, by applying the law of induction by measuring a period of time equal to the charging time of the storage element corresponds, ie corresponding to the duration of the time period in which the current steering element connects the buffer memory via the first current path to the first battery terminal.
  • the comparator thus has a basic function, which is that it should be recognized whether there is an overload situation at the first battery connection.
  • a second, optional function of the comparator is to detect until which time the overload situation exists when the buffer memory receives electrical energy via the first current path from the first battery terminal.
  • the comparator is set up to detect by means of measurement the point in time at which the buffer memory has reached a certain charge state, ie the point in time at which it is fully charged.
  • this state may also be determined by setting a certain period of time in which current flows over the first current path. This corresponds to a precalculation or an estimation which is made on the basis of the charging characteristics of the buffer memory, ie on the basis of the inductance or the capacity of the buffer memory.
  • the comparator controls the current steering element to provide the proper timing for completing the step of connecting the buffer to a first battery terminal, for example via a continuous or periodic measurement of the state of charge of the buffer memory or via a timer function that overrides the duration of the connection controls the first rung. Furthermore, the comparator is configured to perform a second function, which is to control the current-steering element such that the buffer memory via a second current path is connected to a second battery terminal for the correct period of time. This can be achieved in the same way by measuring the state of charge of the buffer or by providing a similar timer function, but controlling the length of the discharge of the buffer.
  • the buffer memory is designed as an inductance, so that it is charged via the first current path to generate a magnetic field, whereupon the current steering element connects the buffer memory via the second current path to the second battery terminal in order to use the magnetic field as magnetic field. see energy stored electrical energy to retrieve and deliver to the second battery connection.
  • the first battery terminal and the second battery terminal are part of a series battery connection, the first and second battery terminals being associated with a positive terminal of two different batteries, the batteries being connected in series.
  • the current equalizer according to the invention is provided as a charging voltage equalizer and not as a charge current equalizer, as would be provided in the case of a parallel connection and a use of a capacity as a buffer memory.
  • the comparator in this device compares the actual battery state of charge via a tap of the voltage applied to the first battery terminal.
  • the nominal battery state of charge in this case corresponds to a rated battery voltage, ie the end of charge voltage of a cell which is connected to the battery connection, for example a Li-ion battery with a charge end voltage of 4.1 to 4.2 V. If the nominal Battery voltage exceeds the rated battery voltage, then detects the comparator and controls accordingly the current steering element. In this case, energy must be transferred from the first battery connection to another, for example to the second battery connection, via the intermediate storage in the buffer memory.
  • the comparator detects whether the buffer memory is fully charged or reaches a nominal charge level by measuring the current that flows through the inductance, which represents the buffer memory.
  • the charge current of the buffer increases in accordance with the law of induction, wherein the achievement of a certain current corresponds to the achievement of a nominal state of charge. If this detects the comparator, this controls the current steering element to close the second current path between the buffer memory and a second battery terminal. In this way, the buffer memory discharges into the second battery terminal.
  • the current equalizer can also be designed in a complementary design, ie for a parallel battery connection.
  • the buffer memory is preferably a capacitance and, according to the parallel connection, the first battery terminal is connected in parallel with the second battery terminal.
  • the battery charge level sensor comprises a tap of a battery voltage at the first battery terminal, which detects an overload situation at the first battery terminal by voltage measurement. Detecting this situation either leaves a time interval for which the buffer memory is connected to the first battery terminal via the first current path to be charged accordingly, or triggers a continuous or periodic measurement series which detects the charging voltage at the buffer memory.
  • the actual capacitance voltage representing the actual buffer charge state can be compared with a rated capacity voltage corresponding to the target buffer charge state.
  • the buffer memory is connected via the second current path to the second battery terminal in order to deliver the energy stored in the buffer memory to the second battery terminal.
  • a predetermined amount of time may also be provided in which the buffer memory (capacitance) is connected to the first battery terminal to receive power. The duration of time is determined by the capacity and the internal resistance or charging current that results when the buffer store is being charged.
  • the first current path comprises a current measuring element for detecting the charging current during charging of the buffer memory by the first battery terminal.
  • the current measuring element is set up to detect the charging current and thus to detect the point in time at which the buffer element is sufficiently charged.
  • the current measuring element is designed in one piece with the current steering element, for example as a sense MOSFET transistor.
  • the first current path may comprise a shunt resistor, at which a voltage which is proportional to the charging current of the buffer memory drops.
  • the current steering element may comprise a saturation tap when the current steering element is designed as a transistor.
  • the saturation element thus reflects the saturation voltage of the transistor which is proportional to the current flowing through the current steering element (transistor). This current again corresponds to the charging stream of the buffer tank. From the saturation voltage can thus close directly in proportionate ratio to the charging current of the buffer memory.
  • the saturation tap may be the voltage between the drain and source of a FET that forms the current steering element, or may be the collector-emitter voltage of a transistor that forms the current steering element.
  • the second current path includes a diode that leads from the buffer memory to the second battery terminal.
  • the diode prevents a current flow from the second battery terminal to the buffer memory, whose voltage is lower than that of the second battery terminal, d. H. if the buffer is insufficiently charged.
  • the diode serves to transfer electrical power from the buffer memory to the second battery terminal when the buffer memory has a higher voltage than the second battery terminal. This is the case when the buffer memory is sufficiently charged and thus conducts electrical energy in the form of a charging current through the second current path and thus through the diode to the second battery terminal.
  • a diode within the second current path thus inherently provides the function to compare the state of charge of the buffer memory with the state of charge of the second battery terminal on the basis of the respective voltage and optionally to allow a charge current from the buffer memory to the first battery connection.
  • the diode performs both the function of comparing and the function of controlling the charging current for the second battery terminal, no active measurement of a voltage difference between the buffer memory and the second battery terminal is necessary. Rather, the comparison and the subsequent current flow result from the inherent properties of the diode as well as from the combination with the remaining current balancing circuit.
  • the comparator comprises a first comparator which compares the actual battery state of charge at the first battery terminal, for example in the form of voltage there with a reference voltage source and outputs a binary signal having a first state when the actual battery state of charge below the Target battery state of charge is and has a second state when the actual battery state of charge is above the desired battery state of charge.
  • the first comparator can be used as an operational amplifier with inverted and non-inverted input or as a binary comparator be provided.
  • the reference voltage source can be provided by means of a Zener diode, a voltage divider, a combination thereof or as an integrated reference voltage source.
  • the comparator comprises a second comparator, which comprises the current-steering element.
  • the function of the second comparator is provided by the current steering element, by this is provided as a transistor and is connected to the buffer memory in the emitter circuit.
  • the emitter circuit provides as an inherent property the function of the second comparator by the transistor acting as a switch is non-conductive, when the current through the buffer provided as an inductance exceeds a certain value.
  • an actual state of charge of the buffer memory which corresponds to a high state of charge of the inductance, results, together with the transistor, an automatic shutdown of the charge of the buffer memory (inductance), as well as a discharge of the buffer memory, via the second current path to the second Battery connection can discharge.
  • the emitter circuit of the current steering element thus provides as an inherent characteristic the comparison of the actual buffer charge state with a desired buffer charge state, and at the same time realizes the switching from the first current path to the second current path via which the second battery terminal is connected to the buffer memory. Furthermore, if a diode is provided in the second current path as described above, then it assumes the function of interrupting the first current path, while the second current path connects the buffer element to the second battery terminal.
  • the concept underlying the invention is further realized by a battery group having a plurality of rechargeable, interconnected batteries.
  • the battery group preferably comprises at least one current equalizer according to the invention.
  • the first battery terminal is connected to the at least one battery, which is associated with the current equalizer, and the second battery terminal is connected to a further of the plurality of interconnected batteries.
  • the plurality of batteries are preferably linked in series or in parallel.
  • the battery pack may be part of a battery pack in which further batteries are provided, which are connected together in the same way as the battery pack or in another way.
  • the battery group preferably comprises at least one group connection, which comprises a positive pole and a negative pole, which are connected to the batteries of the battery group. that is. The group connection therefore serves as an interface to external consumers or external chargers.
  • the battery group further comprises a power supply circuit for the comparators and for the reference voltage sources.
  • the concept underlying the invention is further provided by a method comprising the steps of first conducting a charging current to a first battery, detecting the actual battery state of charge of the first battery, forwarding at least a part or the entire charging current to a buffer memory, when the actual battery state of charge of the first battery is above a desired battery state of charge and then to conduct power from the buffer memory to the second battery.
  • the directing of the charging current to the first battery corresponds to the connection via the first current path
  • the passing of current from the buffer memory to the second battery corresponds to the conduction of current through the second current path.
  • the method may include a step of switching the connection connecting the buffer memory to the first and second battery, for example, by appropriately driving a current steering element.
  • the buffer memory is first charged with electrical energy, which converts the buffer memory into an electric or magnetic field. Thereafter, the field built up in the buffer memory is depleted again to convert it into electrical energy, which is sent to the second battery.
  • the degradation of electrical energy can be done by connecting a buffer tank provided as a capacity to a second battery with a lower voltage and by the voltage compensation, which is triggered by the voltage difference, a charging current is caused, which leads from the buffer memory to the second battery.
  • the magnetic field is reduced by no further power is supplied and thus serves by connecting to the second battery, the inductance, which provides the buffer memory, as a current pump for the second battery.
  • the method comprises a step of detecting the actual battery state of charge by measuring a voltage applied to the first battery (and the first battery terminal) by measuring the charging current supplied to the first battery (to the first battery Battery connection leads) or by the flow direction of the charging current is detected, which flows to the first battery.
  • a flow direction results towards the first battery when the charge voltage applied to the battery is greater than that of the first battery, and thus the first battery is still to be charged or, if the first battery is already overcharged, a current flow from the first battery in the opposite direction to the charging voltage source.
  • a reversal of the flow direction can occur, for example, when the first battery and thus all the batteries which are compensated with the method according to the invention with respect to the charging currents, are first charged with a constant current, and then switched to a constant charging voltage, or vice versa.
  • the flow direction of the charging current rotates when switched from the constant current charge to a constant voltage charge becomes.
  • Figure 1 shows a preferred embodiment of a Stromausreteers invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a battery group with a plurality of batteries and a plurality of associated current equalizers according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram for an alternative combination of batteries with current equalizers according to the invention according to an alternative embodiment
  • FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the current equalizer according to the invention with a battery element 1, an inductance 2, a diode 3, a comparator 4, a reference voltage source 5, a switching element 6 and a shunt resistor 7.
  • the voltage of the battery cell 1 is applied to the non-inverted input of the comparator 4, which compares the battery voltage with the reference voltage source 5. If the voltage of the battery element 1 is below the reference voltage, then the switching element 6 does not conduct. In this case, the battery element 1 is charged via in series to the battery element 1 subsequent battery elements.
  • the comparator 4 detects a voltage of the battery element 1 which is higher than the rated voltage given by the reference voltage source 5, it controls the switching element 6 so that it becomes conductive.
  • the first current path leads through the shunt resistor 7 through the MOSFET transistor provided as the current steering element 6 and through the inductance 2.
  • the current of the current path is caused by the voltage at the battery terminal 10a, b.
  • the voltage drop across the battery terminal 10a, b results from the battery element 1, its internal resistance and the current impressed by other battery elements following the battery element 1. From Figure 1 it can be seen that this current leads to the charging of the inductance L or to the structure of the associated magnetic field.
  • the second current path results with the current-conducting element 6 open through the diode 3 and leads to the flow of current to a second battery terminal IIa, b, which is assigned to a further battery element.
  • the inductance 2 pumps the current stored therein via the diode 3, which is connected in the direction of flow, to the next battery terminal IIa, b. While the inductance is associated with the battery element 1 and the associated potential level when the first current path is active, the inductance 2 is discharged via the second current path, ie via the diode 3 into the following battery, which is assigned to the next higher potential level. In other words, the inductance, which is provided in FIG. 1 as a buffer store, takes the excess current from a first potential stage and discharges this energy into the next potential stage.
  • the battery element is a Li-ion element
  • the inductance is provided, for example, as a ring core choke with a high inductance value and the diode 3 as a high-power diode with a low forward voltage.
  • the diode 3 is a Schottky diode.
  • the shunt resistor 7 is preferably provided such that, when a threshold voltage predetermined by the resistance value is exceeded, the current flow through the switching element 7 is correspondingly prevented.
  • the threshold value is further determined by the properties of the current steering element 6, which may be provided as a MOSFET transistor.
  • the comparator 4 may be provided as an operational amplifier.
  • the reference voltage source is preferably a Zener diode, which is biased in the reverse direction via a specific series resistor, shown in FIG. 1 as a current source.
  • the node between the series resistor and Zener diode serves as a potential reference for the inverted input of the operational amplifier 4.
  • the inductor 2 can internally, together with the diode, the comparator 4, the reference voltage source 5, the current steering element 6 and the shunt resistor 7 may be provided, or may be connected externally thereto in the form of terminals to this circuit.
  • the entire current balancing circuit is connected via a battery connection IIa, b to an associated battery 1.
  • the operational amplifier 4 is preferably supplied with an external supply voltage source whose ground is connected to the ground terminal of the battery series circuit.
  • FIG. 1 shows a battery group of N batteries, four of which are shown again. Each battery element is connected to an associated power equalizer according to the invention.
  • the current equalizers with the exception of the outermost circuits, are identical and connected together in a repetitive manner.
  • the battery elements 101.1-101.4 are connected via battery connections 110.1a, b to 110.4a, b with respective associated current equalizers.
  • the uppermost circuit whose battery element directly adjoins the positive terminal of the group terminal U +, has a shunt resistor adjacent to the positive terminal, and whose diode is connected directly to the ground of the group terminal in order to distribute excess charge to all elements
  • the others Current balancer 101.2-101.4 on the type of circuit shown in Figure 1 in order to provide the battery via the inductance and the diode, a charging current which is connected in the next higher potential level.
  • the diode connects the respective underlying current balancing circuit with the positive pole of the battery, which is connected to the overlying potential level.
  • the battery pack of FIG. 2 further comprises a power supply and control circuit 120 which is connected to the group terminal of the battery group and has an output for each current balancer with which the comparator of the respective current balancer is supplied with the associated voltage.
  • the mass of the respective comparator forms the negative pole of the associated battery.
  • the supply and control voltage further comprises a wake-up circuit with a wake-up input, with which the supply voltages of the respective comparators or the respective current equalizer can be activated.
  • the supply and control circuit 120 includes a diagnostic unit that determines the status of the individual current balancers, for example, by measuring the current of the respective supply output or by respective return lines. The diagnostic unit sees corresponding information NEN on the status of the current equalizers by means of a signal via the diagnostic output of the supply and control circuit 120 before.
  • the negative terminal of the group terminal is not necessarily grounded, but may be provided as negative voltage by minus, to provide a balanced power supply by means of the group terminal.
  • FIG. 3 shows a circuit diagram of an alternative embodiment which is complementary to the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2.
  • three batteries 201a-c are serially connected.
  • a current equalizer consisting of the buffer memory 202a, 202b, 202c and the current steering element 220a, b, c.
  • the buffered memory when the current steering element 220a is at the switch position 2, is charged by the voltage applied to the associated battery 201a. This applies mutatis mutandis to the current steering elements 220b and c and for the batteries 201 b and c, if the corresponding switch position is present.
  • This switch position is selected when the actual battery state of charge is too high, i. H.
  • the current steering element 220a is brought into the switch position 1 in order to transmit the overvoltage to the subsequent element 201b.
  • An excessive actual battery state of charge is determined, for example, by measuring the voltage applied to the capacitance 202a, b, c.
  • the current steering elements 220a, b, c designed as changeover switches can be repeatedly switched over so as to standardize the voltage among the batteries.
  • the switches 220a, b, c are shown only schematically and may be similar to the circuits of FIGS. 1 and 2, i. H. by means of a comparator, for example an operational amplifier, which is connected to a reference voltage source and, according to the evaluation result, drives a MOSFET transistor unit which implements the switch position 1 or 2.
  • the battery assigned to the uppermost potential level has a negative pole (-), which is connected to the current-steering element, which is likewise assigned to the uppermost potential level.
  • the capacitor In the switching position 1 of the current-steering element, which is assigned to the uppermost potential level, the capacitor is connected in parallel with the battery of the uppermost potential level. connected to the potential level.
  • the current steering element of the uppermost potential level is correspondingly connected to the positive pole of the total series connection of the batteries.
  • a and A 'series resistors may be inserted, which limits the flow of current from the respective capacitor 202a or 202b to the respective following battery 201 b, c out when the current steering elements are in the switch position 1.
  • such limiting resistors may be connected directly between capacitor or accumulator and switching element 202a, b, c in series.
  • limiting resistors may be inserted in the respective connections between the preceding battery and capacitor as a series resistor. In one embodiment, these circuit variants are combined with each other.
  • the internal resistance of the capacitor, the accumulator and / or the battery can be taken into account.
  • the current steering elements operate as change-over switches, which comprise paired switching devices which, in one particular embodiment, can be jointly actuated and synchronized with respect to their switching position.
  • Each pair of switching devices connects an associated capacitor in parallel with a first battery or battery group in a first switching position (eg 1) and connects the associated capacitor in parallel with a second battery or battery group in a second switching position (eg 2). Since the batteries or battery groups preferably belong to different potential levels, the capacitor transfers the energy across the potential levels.
  • the current steering elements are synchronized in groups or completely with each other and always have the same switching position.
  • the current-steering elements or switching devices can be provided as power semiconductors, for example in combination with diodes, and / or can be provided as relays.
  • each individual current steering element is controlled by a comparator or other comparison and control circuit, which detects a voltage difference between the associated two batteries and switches back and forth in the event of a minimum difference in charge and / or voltage between batteries or battery groups, so that the associated buffer element is alternately connected to the two batteries or battery groups.
  • the capacitance may be a unipolar or bipolar capacitor, for example an electrolytic capacitor or a gold cap.
  • a buffer memory and an accumulator can be used, which takes the place of capacity, for example, a Akkumula- gate with a capacity that is significantly smaller than the capacity of the batteries, for example, a capacity of less than 10% of the battery capacity.
  • the capacitor may be connected to an up-voltage converter configured to transform the voltage of the capacitor or accumulator to a voltage that provides a higher and / or controllable current flow from the capacitor or accumulator to the battery to be charged.
  • a buffer element may be associated with a power transmitting connection between two adjacent batteries controlled by the respective switching elements.
  • a buffer element may be associated with more than two batteries, for example, only one buffer element may be associated with a plurality of batteries, with a switching network directly resulting from the figures making the respective connection to either charge the buffer element to a battery , or to discharge the buffer element on a battery.
  • a buffer element can be assigned in this way more than two batteries, preferably the buffer element always takes energy from exactly one battery and delivers to exactly one battery.
  • the current equalizer according to the invention which also preferably operates as a charge equalizer, can generally be used during charging of batteries, or also outside of charging processes, when different load conditions occur, for example after significant discharging operations. If, for example, after significant discharging operations, the batteries are to be brought to an identical average battery state of charge, which is not at a charge state of 100%, the reference voltage is preferably adjusted to this average value to be determined.
  • the current equalizer according to the invention and the method according to the invention can be used when a charging process is completed, during which, however, complete homogenization of the states of charge of the batteries has not been achieved.
  • the circuit can be integrated into an ASIC.
  • the saturation voltage of the transistor instead of measuring the current by means of a shunt resistor.
  • the saturation voltage of the transistor serving as the switching element is proportional to the current through the transistor to be measured and increases with the temperature.
  • an inherent over-temperature protection of the transistor or of the ASIC is achieved, since the transistor is advantageously integrated in the ASIC and thus all the components of the ASIC have the same temperature.
  • the current steering element may also be driven by a timer.
  • a timer can be implemented by means of an RC element, an LR element, an integrated counter with frequency generator or similar known devices. By choosing the time of the timer thus the amount of current through the transistor is determined in Abschaltmoment. Therefore, the current equalizer according to the invention, if equipped with a timer, can also be provided without shunt resistor or without measurement of the saturation voltage for determining the buffer charge state. Further, the saturation voltage of the transistor provided as a current steering element for detecting the temperature of the transistor can be measured.
  • the battery is depleted of the energy 1 AL • I 2 and temporarily stored in inductance. After switching off the transistor 6, the energy of the inductance is transmitted via the diode to a subsequent battery element.
  • the circuit by mirroring in such a way that the energy is transmitted to a battery element which is lower in terms of potential.
  • the batteries and the current equalizers according to the invention are connected to one another in such a way that the energy taken from a fully charged element is distributed to a plurality of battery elements which are not completely charged.
  • a faster balancing of the battery elements is achieved with less loss.
  • the energy which has been taken from an element is distributed to all batteries lying in the potential, if their number is higher than the number of lower-lying elements with respect to the potential, ie. H. the batteries of the underlying potential levels.
  • the extracted balancing energy is preferably distributed to the batteries which are deeper in potential, if their number is higher than the number of the batteries lying above them.
  • the temperature of the battery elements can be taken into account so that batteries with high temperatures are loaded less, ie. H. be discharged less at high battery level, and less charged at lower battery levels.
  • the switching elements are controlled by a control device such that they repeatedly change the switching state.
  • a control device may comprise one or a plurality of clock generators whose frequency and / or duty cycle can be set.
  • a clock generator can drive exactly one switching element, a group of switching elements or all switching elements.
  • a supply control circuit it can only activate the current balancing circuits when the batteries are being charged and optionally for a predetermined overrun time, which is predetermined, for example, by a predetermined time duration or by a predetermined balancing value.
  • the Symmet istswert corresponds, for example, the scatter of the states of charge of the batteries.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un compensateur de courant pour compenser l'écoulement de charge dans un groupe de batterie. Le compensateur de courant comprend un comparateur, un élément de direction du courant lié avec le comparateur et commandé par celui-ci, un réservoir d'accumulation pour l'énergie électrique ainsi qu'un premier trajet du courant et un deuxième trajet du courant. Le premier trajet du courant relie le réservoir d'accumulation par l'élément de direction du courant avec un premier branchement de batterie et le deuxième trajet de courant relie le réservoir d'accumulation par l'élément de direction du courant avec un deuxième branchement de batterie. Le compensateur de courant comprend en outre un capteur de position de charge de la batterie, qui alimente le comparateur avec une condition de charge existante de la batterie qui est adjacente au premier branchement de batterie. Le comparateur est conçu pour comparer l'état de charge réel de la batterie avec l'état de charge prévu et, si l'état de charge réel de la batterie dépasse l'état de charge prévu, actionner l'élément de direction du courant de telle manière qu'il relie le réservoir d'accumulation avec le premier branchement de batterie et, ensuite, le réservoir d'accumulation avec le deuxième branchement de batterie.
PCT/EP2008/058350 2007-07-27 2008-06-30 Distributeur de charges par transmission de charges dans un pack de batterie WO2009015960A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200710035329 DE102007035329A1 (de) 2007-07-27 2007-07-27 Ladungsverteilung durch Ladungsübertragung innerhalb Batteriepacks
DE102007035329.6 2007-07-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009015960A1 true WO2009015960A1 (fr) 2009-02-05

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PCT/EP2008/058350 WO2009015960A1 (fr) 2007-07-27 2008-06-30 Distributeur de charges par transmission de charges dans un pack de batterie

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102007035329A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009015960A1 (fr)

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EP2451044A1 (fr) 2010-11-03 2012-05-09 FELCO Motion SA Procédé et appareil pour alimenter un dispositif d'outil électrique portable
WO2022182760A3 (fr) * 2021-02-23 2022-09-29 The Noco Company Procédé d'équilibrage de batteries d'une chaîne de série électrique de batteries au lithium-ion, et son système
US11496410B2 (en) 2007-05-31 2022-11-08 Kyndryl, Inc. Market-driven variable price offerings for bandwidth-sharing ad hoc networks

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DE102009028973A1 (de) * 2009-08-28 2011-03-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh DC/DC-Wandlerschaltung und Batteriesystem
DE102010017439A1 (de) 2010-06-17 2011-12-22 Bmz Batterien-Montage-Zentrum Gmbh Schaltungsanordnung und Verfahren zum Ausgleich von unterschiedlichen Ladezuständen von Zellen eines Energiespeichers
DE102011002452A1 (de) 2011-01-05 2012-07-05 Sb Limotive Company Ltd. Batterie mit autonomem Cell-Balancing
DE102012205957A1 (de) 2012-04-12 2013-10-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Batteriesystem mit parallel geschalteten Strängen
DE102017203053A1 (de) 2017-02-24 2018-08-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung zur Spannungsbegrenzung für ein Gleichspannungsnetz

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WO2006066527A2 (fr) * 2004-12-23 2006-06-29 Temic Automotive Electric Motors Gmbh Circuit de redistribution de charge

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11496410B2 (en) 2007-05-31 2022-11-08 Kyndryl, Inc. Market-driven variable price offerings for bandwidth-sharing ad hoc networks
EP2451044A1 (fr) 2010-11-03 2012-05-09 FELCO Motion SA Procédé et appareil pour alimenter un dispositif d'outil électrique portable
WO2012059470A1 (fr) 2010-11-03 2012-05-10 Felco Motion Sa Procédé et appareil d'alimentation d'une machine-outil électrique portative
US8547066B2 (en) 2010-11-03 2013-10-01 Felco Motion Sa Method and apparatus for powering an electric hand-held power tool device
WO2022182760A3 (fr) * 2021-02-23 2022-09-29 The Noco Company Procédé d'équilibrage de batteries d'une chaîne de série électrique de batteries au lithium-ion, et son système
GB2618287A (en) * 2021-02-23 2023-11-01 Noco Co Method of battery balancing an electrical series string of lithium-ion batteries, and system thereof

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