WO2008154694A1 - A cooling material using particles arranged for generation of surface plasmon resonances - Google Patents

A cooling material using particles arranged for generation of surface plasmon resonances Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2008154694A1
WO2008154694A1 PCT/AU2008/000894 AU2008000894W WO2008154694A1 WO 2008154694 A1 WO2008154694 A1 WO 2008154694A1 AU 2008000894 W AU2008000894 W AU 2008000894W WO 2008154694 A1 WO2008154694 A1 WO 2008154694A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
particles
wavelength range
cooling material
wavelength
cooling
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2008/000894
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Geoffrey Burton Smith
Original Assignee
University Of Technology, Sydney
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US11/765,217 external-priority patent/US20080318031A1/en
Priority claimed from AU2007202832A external-priority patent/AU2007202832A1/en
Application filed by University Of Technology, Sydney filed Critical University Of Technology, Sydney
Priority to EP08756974A priority Critical patent/EP2162500A4/en
Publication of WO2008154694A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008154694A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/32—Radiation-absorbing paints
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/004—Reflecting paints; Signal paints
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20—Filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/024—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the present invention broadly relates to a cooling material .
  • the present invention provides in a first aspect a cooling material which comprises particles that are arranged for generation of surface plasmon resonances having a wavelength or wavelength range within an atmospheric window wavelength range in which the atmosphere of the earth has a greatly reduced average absorption and emission compared with the average absorption and emission " in an adjacent wavelength range, whereby the cooling " material is arranged for emission of thermal radiation associated with the generated surface plasmon resonances and absorption of radiation from the atmosphere is greatly reduced.
  • surface plasmon is used for a surface plasmon excitation that involves ionic motion, such as that often referred to as “Fr ⁇ hlich resonance” .
  • the energy associated with the emitted radiation is at least partially, typically mainly, drawn from thermal energy of the cooling material or a medium that is in thermal contact with the cooling material and the thermal energy is emitted by or "pumped" away from the cooling material.
  • cooling of the cooling material and the medium that may be in thermal contact with the cooling material is possible without the need for electrical energy and at low cost.
  • cooling well below ambient temperature is possible.
  • the cooling material is arranged to enable cooling to temperatures that fire 5°, 10°, 20° below an ambient temperature or even lower.
  • the atmospheric window wavelength range typically includes a minimum of the average absorption of the atmosphere of the earth.
  • the atmosphere has atmospheric windows within the wavelength ranges of 3 to 5 ⁇ m and 7.9 ⁇ m to 13 ⁇ m.
  • the emission of the sun is also negligible and often regarded as zero, which has the added advantage that even during daytime the cooling material only absorbs very little radiation from the sun within that wavelength range.
  • the particles typically are arranged so that at least some, typically the majority or all, of the resonant surface plasmons have a wavelength within the wavelength range from 1 - 7 ⁇ m, 2 - 6 ⁇ m, 3 - 5 ⁇ m, and/or any one of 5 - 16 ⁇ m, 7 - 14 ⁇ m, 8 - 13 ⁇ m and 7.9 - 13 ⁇ m.
  • the particles may be arranged so that surface plasmons are resonantly generated within a wavelength range that is at least partially within a wavelength range in which the atmosphere has a window.
  • the atmospheric window wavelength range may be one of a plurality of atmospheric window ranges, such as the wavelength range of 3 - 5 ⁇ m and 7.9 to 13 ⁇ m.
  • the particles may also be arranged so that a portion of the emitted radiation is emitted within a wavelength range outside the atmospheric window wavelength range .
  • the cooling material typically is arranged to reflect at least some incident radiation, such as radiation from the atmosphere and/or from the sun in the daytime.
  • the cooling material may comprise a reflective layer positioned below the particles and may be arranged to reflect at least a portion of incident radiation.
  • the reflective layer may for example be a metallic layer over which the particles are positioned.
  • the cooling material may be arranged so that the majority of incident radiation is reflected by the material . In this case the cooling material has the significant advantage of improved cooling efficiency as then the cooling material typically only has increased absorption within the atmospheric window energy range where the intensity of incident radiation is much reduced or negligible.
  • the reflective material also reflects incident radiation having a wavelength within the atmospheric window wavelength range .
  • the material may comprise one or more layers or foils that comprise a component material that is substantially transmissive for a wavelength range outside the atmospheric window wavelength range and may be positioned on a reflective material or may stand free.
  • the layer or foil may comprise a polymeric material in which the particles are embedded or adjacent to which the particles are positioned.
  • the wavelength of the resonant surface plasmon absorption depends on the composition, shape, relative orientation " and size of the particles, which typically are nano-sized particles. By controlling the composition and/or shape and/or size and/or relative orientation of the particles, it is consequently possible to control the wavelength range of the resonant surface plasmon absorption.
  • the particles may comprise SiC or another suitable material and typically have a size and/or shape that is selected so that the particles have resonant enhancement of surface plasmon absorption within the atmospheric window wavelength range.
  • the particles may be largely spherical or may be largely elliptical. They may have a diameter within the range of 10 - 100 nm, typically of the order of 50 nm or less.
  • the cooling material may also comprise particles that have differing compositions and/or shapes and/or sizes and/or relative orientations so that the particles have more than one resonant surface plasmon wavelength or wavelength range within the atmospheric window wavelength range.
  • the present invention provides in a second aspect a method of cooling a material, the cooling material comprising particles, the method comprising: generating surface plasmons in the particles, the surface plasmons having a resonant enhancement at a wavelength or wavelength range within an atmospheric window wavelength range in which the atmosphere of the earth has low or negligible average absorption and emission compared with the average absorption and emission in an adjacent wavelength range; and emitting at least a portion of the energy associated with the resonant surface plasmons from the particles in form of radiation having a wavelength within the atmospheric window wavelength range .
  • the atmospheric window wavelength range typically includes a minimum of the average absorption of the atmosphere of the earth.
  • the particles typically are arranged so that at least some, typically the majority or all, resonant surface plasmons have a wavelength within the wavelength range from 1 - 7 ⁇ m, 2 - 6 ⁇ m, 3 - 5 ⁇ m, and/or any one of 5 - 16 ⁇ m, 7 - 14 ⁇ m, 8 - 13 ⁇ m and 7.9 - 13 ⁇ m.
  • the method typically also comprises the step of reflecting radiation having a wavelength within and/or outside the atmospheric window wavelength range.
  • Figure 1 shows a transmission spectrum of the atmosphere of the earth as a function of wavelength
  • Figure 2 shows a cooling material according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 shows a cooling material according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 1 shows a transmission spectrum 10 of the atmosphere of the earth for substantially cloud free conditions.
  • the average transmission is increased to nearly 1 within the range of approximately 7.9 to 13 ⁇ m compared to adjacent wavelength ranges. Further, the average transmission of the atmosphere is increased within a wavelength range of 3 - 5 ⁇ m. Within these wavelength ranges that atmosphere of the earth has "windows" .
  • Plot 12 is an estimation of the emission spectrum of a black body having a temperature of 100 0 C, which was calculated using Wein's law and gives an example of the emission spectrum for a medium that may be cooled using the cooling material according to embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a secondary electron microscopy micrograph of a cooling material according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • the cooling material 20 comprises a reflective metallic layer 22, which in this embodiment is provided in the form of an aluminum layer positioned on a substrate. Further, the cooling material 20 comprises SiC particles which are positioned on the metallic layer 22. The SiC particles have an average diameter of approximately 50 nm and are deposited using suitable spin coating procedures.
  • the SiC particles 24 are in this embodiment nano-particles and the majority of the surface of the particles 24 is exposed to air. These particles 24 show resonantly enhanced absorption of radiation at a wavelength range of 10 to 13 ⁇ m. Within that wavelength range surface plasmons are generated. The wavelength range of resonant plasmon absorption is within the above-described atmospheric window wavelength range. For that wavelength range the average absorption of the atmosphere of the earth is very low and consequently very little radiation in this wavelength range is transferred from the atmosphere to the cooling material 20.
  • the energy associated with the emitted radiation is largely drawn from the thermal energy of the particles 24 and/or from a medium that is in thermal contact with the particles 24. Due to the atmospheric window, the emitted radiation is largely transmitted through the atmosphere and directed to space where the temperature typically is 4 Kelvin. Consequently, the cooling material 20 functions as a pump of thermal energy.
  • the reflective material 22 has the added advantage that a large portion of incident radiation is reflected away from the cooling material 20 and consequently thermal absorption of radiation having a wavelength within or outside the atmospheric window is reduced, which increases cooling efficiency.
  • the energy of the surface plasmons depends on the composition of particles, the size of the particles, the shape of the particles and their orientation relative to each other. By selecting properties of the particles it is possible to control the energy of the surface plasmons.
  • the particles 24 may be spherical, may have an elliptical shape or any other suitable shape.
  • the particles 24 may also comprise particles of differing shape, size or composition so that the surface plasmon absorption wavelength is spread throughout at least a portion of the atmospheric window.
  • the particles 24 may be composed of other suitable materials that show surface plasmon resonances, such as BN and BeO.
  • the reflective material 22 may be composed of any other suitable reflective material.
  • the reflective material 22 improves the cooling efficiency.
  • the cooling material may not necessarily comprise a reflective material.
  • the particles 24 may be embedded in a transmissive material, such as a suitable polymeric material that is positioned upon the reflective material 22.
  • the polymeric material may comprise polyethylene or a fluorinated material .
  • the cooling material 30 comprises particles 32 which are comparable in shape and composition to particles 24 shown in Figure 2 and described above.
  • the particles 32 are positioned within a matrix of a polymeric material 34 that is largely transparent to everyday thermal radiation within a black body wavelength range, such as radiation having a wavelength within the range of 3 - 28 ⁇ m, or a wavelength range outside one or both of 3 - 5 and 7.9 - 13 ⁇ m, or most of solar spectral range in addition to the black body radiation range.
  • the polymeric material may comprise polyethylene or a fluorinated polymeric material .
  • the polymeric material 34 is selected so that incident radiation is largely transmitted.
  • the absorption of thermal energy by the particles 32 involves generation of surface plasmons and radiation is emitted from the cooling material 30.
  • incident radiation is not reflected but largely transmitted through the cooling material 30, which also reduces thermal absorption of radiation directed to the cooling material 30 and thereby improves cooling efficiency.

Abstract

The present invention provides a cooling material which comprises particles that are arranged for generation of surface plasmon resonances. The surface plasmon resonances have a wavelength or wavelength range within an atmospheric window wavelength range in which the atmosphere of the earth has a greatly reduced average absorption and emission compared with the average absorption and emission in an adjacent wavelength range, whereby the cooling material is arranged for emission of thermal radiation associated with the generated surface plasmon resonances and absorption of radiation from the atmosphere is greatly reduced.

Description

A COOLING MATERIAL USING PARTICLES ARRANGED FOR GENERATION OF SURFACEPLASMON RESONANCES
Field of the Invention
The present invention broadly relates to a cooling material .
Background of the Invention
Various methods are used to cool interior spaces of buildings, refrigerate food, condense water or reduce the temperature of objects. These methods have in common that they require relatively large amounts of energy, which typically is provided in the form of electrical energy. For example, in countries which have a relatively warm climate the electrical energy required for cooling often exceeds the available electrical energy, which may result in a breakdown of a power grid. Further, electrical energy is at this time still at least partially generated using non-renewable energy resources, for example by burning coal, which is of concern for the environment and contributes to global warming. Consequently, it would be advantageous if cooling could be achieved in a manner that uses less energy. There is a need for technological advancement .
Summary of the Invention
The present invention provides in a first aspect a cooling material which comprises particles that are arranged for generation of surface plasmon resonances having a wavelength or wavelength range within an atmospheric window wavelength range in which the atmosphere of the earth has a greatly reduced average absorption and emission compared with the average absorption and emission "in an adjacent wavelength range, whereby the cooling" material is arranged for emission of thermal radiation associated with the generated surface plasmon resonances and absorption of radiation from the atmosphere is greatly reduced.
Throughout this specification the term "surface plasmon" is used for a surface plasmon excitation that involves ionic motion, such as that often referred to as "Frόhlich resonance" .
Because the atmosphere of the earth has very low absorption within the atmospheric window wavelength range, only a very small amount of radiation is returned from the atmosphere to the particles within that wavelength range and emitted radiation is largely directed through the atmosphere and into space where the typical temperature is of the order of 4 Kelvin.
The energy associated with the emitted radiation is at least partially, typically mainly, drawn from thermal energy of the cooling material or a medium that is in thermal contact with the cooling material and the thermal energy is emitted by or "pumped" away from the cooling material. As a consequence, cooling of the cooling material and the medium that may be in thermal contact with the cooling material is possible without the need for electrical energy and at low cost. Further, during the night, or when irradiation by the sun is avoided, cooling well below ambient temperature is possible. In embodiments of the present invention the cooling material is arranged to enable cooling to temperatures that lire 5°, 10°, 20° below an ambient temperature or even lower.
The atmospheric window wavelength range typically includes a minimum of the average absorption of the atmosphere of the earth. The atmosphere has atmospheric windows within the wavelength ranges of 3 to 5 μm and 7.9 μm to 13 μm.
Within these wavelength ranges the emission of the sun is also negligible and often regarded as zero, which has the added advantage that even during daytime the cooling material only absorbs very little radiation from the sun within that wavelength range.
The particles typically are arranged so that at least some, typically the majority or all, of the resonant surface plasmons have a wavelength within the wavelength range from 1 - 7 μm, 2 - 6 μm, 3 - 5 μm, and/or any one of 5 - 16 μm, 7 - 14 μm, 8 - 13 μm and 7.9 - 13 μm.
However, it is to be appreciated that alternatively the particles may be arranged so that surface plasmons are resonantly generated within a wavelength range that is at least partially within a wavelength range in which the atmosphere has a window. Further, the atmospheric window wavelength range may be one of a plurality of atmospheric window ranges, such as the wavelength range of 3 - 5 μm and 7.9 to 13 μm. The particles may also be arranged so that a portion of the emitted radiation is emitted within a wavelength range outside the atmospheric window wavelength range . The cooling material typically is arranged to reflect at least some incident radiation, such as radiation from the atmosphere and/or from the sun in the daytime. For example, the cooling material may comprise a reflective layer positioned below the particles and may be arranged to reflect at least a portion of incident radiation. The reflective layer may for example be a metallic layer over which the particles are positioned. For example, the cooling material may be arranged so that the majority of incident radiation is reflected by the material . In this case the cooling material has the significant advantage of improved cooling efficiency as then the cooling material typically only has increased absorption within the atmospheric window energy range where the intensity of incident radiation is much reduced or negligible.
In one specific embodiment of the present invention the reflective material also reflects incident radiation having a wavelength within the atmospheric window wavelength range .
Alternatively or additionally the material may comprise one or more layers or foils that comprise a component material that is substantially transmissive for a wavelength range outside the atmospheric window wavelength range and may be positioned on a reflective material or may stand free. For example, the layer or foil may comprise a polymeric material in which the particles are embedded or adjacent to which the particles are positioned. The wavelength of the resonant surface plasmon absorption depends on the composition, shape, relative orientation" and size of the particles, which typically are nano-sized particles. By controlling the composition and/or shape and/or size and/or relative orientation of the particles, it is consequently possible to control the wavelength range of the resonant surface plasmon absorption.
For example, the particles may comprise SiC or another suitable material and typically have a size and/or shape that is selected so that the particles have resonant enhancement of surface plasmon absorption within the atmospheric window wavelength range. For example, the particles may be largely spherical or may be largely elliptical. They may have a diameter within the range of 10 - 100 nm, typically of the order of 50 nm or less. The cooling material may also comprise particles that have differing compositions and/or shapes and/or sizes and/or relative orientations so that the particles have more than one resonant surface plasmon wavelength or wavelength range within the atmospheric window wavelength range.
The present invention provides in a second aspect a method of cooling a material, the cooling material comprising particles, the method comprising: generating surface plasmons in the particles, the surface plasmons having a resonant enhancement at a wavelength or wavelength range within an atmospheric window wavelength range in which the atmosphere of the earth has low or negligible average absorption and emission compared with the average absorption and emission in an adjacent wavelength range; and emitting at least a portion of the energy associated with the resonant surface plasmons from the particles in form of radiation having a wavelength within the atmospheric window wavelength range .
The atmospheric window wavelength range typically includes a minimum of the average absorption of the atmosphere of the earth.
The particles typically are arranged so that at least some, typically the majority or all, resonant surface plasmons have a wavelength within the wavelength range from 1 - 7 μm, 2 - 6 μm, 3 - 5 μm, and/or any one of 5 - 16 μm, 7 - 14 μm, 8 - 13 μm and 7.9 - 13 μm.
The method typically also comprises the step of reflecting radiation having a wavelength within and/or outside the atmospheric window wavelength range.
The invention will be more fully understood from the following description of specific embodiments of the invention. The description is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings .
Brief Description of the Drawings
Figure 1 shows a transmission spectrum of the atmosphere of the earth as a function of wavelength,
Figure 2 shows a cooling material according to an embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 3 shows a cooling material according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description of Specific Embodiments Referring initially to Figures 1 and 2, a cooling material and a method of cooling a material according to a specific embodiment of the present invention are now described. Figure 1 shows a transmission spectrum 10 of the atmosphere of the earth for substantially cloud free conditions. The average transmission is increased to nearly 1 within the range of approximately 7.9 to 13 μm compared to adjacent wavelength ranges. Further, the average transmission of the atmosphere is increased within a wavelength range of 3 - 5 μm. Within these wavelength ranges that atmosphere of the earth has "windows" . Plot 12 is an estimation of the emission spectrum of a black body having a temperature of 1000C, which was calculated using Wein's law and gives an example of the emission spectrum for a medium that may be cooled using the cooling material according to embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 2 shows a secondary electron microscopy micrograph of a cooling material according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. The cooling material 20 comprises a reflective metallic layer 22, which in this embodiment is provided in the form of an aluminum layer positioned on a substrate. Further, the cooling material 20 comprises SiC particles which are positioned on the metallic layer 22. The SiC particles have an average diameter of approximately 50 nm and are deposited using suitable spin coating procedures.
The SiC particles 24 are in this embodiment nano-particles and the majority of the surface of the particles 24 is exposed to air. These particles 24 show resonantly enhanced absorption of radiation at a wavelength range of 10 to 13 μm. Within that wavelength range surface plasmons are generated. The wavelength range of resonant plasmon absorption is within the above-described atmospheric window wavelength range. For that wavelength range the average absorption of the atmosphere of the earth is very low and consequently very little radiation in this wavelength range is transferred from the atmosphere to the cooling material 20.
The energy associated with the emitted radiation is largely drawn from the thermal energy of the particles 24 and/or from a medium that is in thermal contact with the particles 24. Due to the atmospheric window, the emitted radiation is largely transmitted through the atmosphere and directed to space where the temperature typically is 4 Kelvin. Consequently, the cooling material 20 functions as a pump of thermal energy.
The reflective material 22 has the added advantage that a large portion of incident radiation is reflected away from the cooling material 20 and consequently thermal absorption of radiation having a wavelength within or outside the atmospheric window is reduced, which increases cooling efficiency.
The energy of the surface plasmons depends on the composition of particles, the size of the particles, the shape of the particles and their orientation relative to each other. By selecting properties of the particles it is possible to control the energy of the surface plasmons. For example, the particles 24 may be spherical, may have an elliptical shape or any other suitable shape. The particles 24 may also comprise particles of differing shape, size or composition so that the surface plasmon absorption wavelength is spread throughout at least a portion of the atmospheric window.
In variations of the above-described embodiment the particles 24 may be composed of other suitable materials that show surface plasmon resonances, such as BN and BeO. Further, the reflective material 22 may be composed of any other suitable reflective material.
The reflective material 22 improves the cooling efficiency. However, it is to be appreciated that the cooling material may not necessarily comprise a reflective material. Further, the particles 24 may be embedded in a transmissive material, such as a suitable polymeric material that is positioned upon the reflective material 22. For example, the polymeric material may comprise polyethylene or a fluorinated material .
Referring now to Figure 3, a cooling material according to another specific embodiment of the present invention is now described. In this embodiment the cooling material 30 comprises particles 32 which are comparable in shape and composition to particles 24 shown in Figure 2 and described above. In this example, however, the particles 32 are positioned within a matrix of a polymeric material 34 that is largely transparent to everyday thermal radiation within a black body wavelength range, such as radiation having a wavelength within the range of 3 - 28 μm, or a wavelength range outside one or both of 3 - 5 and 7.9 - 13 μm, or most of solar spectral range in addition to the black body radiation range. For example, the polymeric material may comprise polyethylene or a fluorinated polymeric material .
In this embodiment the polymeric material 34 is selected so that incident radiation is largely transmitted. The absorption of thermal energy by the particles 32 involves generation of surface plasmons and radiation is emitted from the cooling material 30. In contrast to the cooling material 20, incident radiation is not reflected but largely transmitted through the cooling material 30, which also reduces thermal absorption of radiation directed to the cooling material 30 and thereby improves cooling efficiency.
Although the invention has been described with reference to particular examples, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in many other forms .

Claims

The Claims defining the Invention are as Follows:
1. A cooling material which comprises particles that are arranged for generation of surface plasmon resonances having a wavelength or wavelength range within an atmospheric window wavelength range in which the atmosphere of the earth has a greatly reduced average absorption and emission compared with the average absorption and emission in an adjacent wavelength range, whereby the cooling material is arranged for emission of thermal radiation associated with the generated surface plasmon resonances and absorption of radiation originating from the atmosphere is greatly reduced.
2. The cooling material of claim 1 wherein the atmospheric window wavelength range includes a minimum of the average absorption of the atmosphere of the earth.
3. The cooling material of claim 1 or 2 wherein the particles are arranged so that at least some of the resonant surface plasmons have a wavelength within the wavelength range from 3 - 5 μm and/or 7.9 - 13 μm
4. The cooling material of any one of the preceding claims wherein the particles are arranged so that the majority of the resonant surface plasmons have a wavelength within the wavelength range from 3 - 5 μm and/or
7.9 - 13 μm
5. The cooling material of any one of the preceding claims wherein the cooling material is arranged to reflect at least some incident radiation.
6. The cooling material of any one of the preceding claims comprising a layer or foil that comprises a component material that is substantially transmissive for a wavelength range inside and outside the atmospheric window wavelength range .
7. The cooling material of claim 6 wherein the layer or foil comprises a polymeric material .
8. The cooling material of claim 7 wherein the particles are embedded in the polymeric material .
9. The cooling material of claim 7 wherein the particles are positioned adjacent the polymeric material.
10. The cooling material of any one of the preceding claims wherein the particles have a size that is selected so that the particles have resonant enhancement of surface plasmon absorption within the atmospheric window wavelength range.
11. The cooling material of any one of the preceding claims wherein the particles have a shape that is selected so that the particles have resonant enhancement of surface plasmon absorption within the atmospheric window wavelength range .
12. The cooling material of any one of the preceding claims wherein the particles have a diameter within the range of 10 - 100 nm.
13. The cooling material of any one of the preceding claims wherein the particles have a diameter of approximately 50 nm.
14. The cooling material of any one of the preceding claims wherein the particles have a diameter of less than 50 nm.
15. The cooling material of any one of the preceding claims wherein the particles comprise SiC.
16. A method of cooling a material, the cooling material comprising particles, the method comprising: generating surface plasmons in the particles, the surface plasmons having a resonant enhancement at a wavelength or wavelength range within an atmospheric window wavelength range in which the atmosphere of the earth has low or negligible average absorption and emission compared with the average absorption and emission in an adjacent wavelength range,- and emitting at least a portion of the energy associated with the resonant surface plasmons from the particles in form of radiation having a wavelength within the atmospheric window wavelength range .
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the atmospheric window wavelength range includes a minimum of the average absorption of the atmosphere of the earth.
18. The cooling material of claim 16 or 17 wherein the particles are arranged so that at least some of the resonant surface plasmons have a wavelength within the wavelength range from 3 - 5 μm and/or 7.9 - 13 μm.
19. The cooling material of claim 16 or 17 wherein the particles are arranged so that the majority of the resonant surface plasmons have a wavelength within the wavelength range from 3 - 5 μm and/or 7.9 - 13 μm.
20. The method of any one of claims 16 to 19 also comprising the step of reflecting radiation having a wavelength within and/or outside the atmospheric window wavelength range.
PCT/AU2008/000894 2007-06-19 2008-06-19 A cooling material using particles arranged for generation of surface plasmon resonances WO2008154694A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08756974A EP2162500A4 (en) 2007-06-19 2008-06-19 A cooling material using particles arranged for generation of surface plasmon resonances

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2007202832 2007-06-19
US11/765,217 2007-06-19
US11/765,217 US20080318031A1 (en) 2007-06-19 2007-06-19 Cooling material
AU2007202832A AU2007202832A1 (en) 2007-06-19 2007-06-19 A cooling material

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008154694A1 true WO2008154694A1 (en) 2008-12-24

Family

ID=40155817

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU2008/000894 WO2008154694A1 (en) 2007-06-19 2008-06-19 A cooling material using particles arranged for generation of surface plasmon resonances

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2162500A4 (en)
WO (1) WO2008154694A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017066795A3 (en) * 2015-10-16 2017-05-18 Stc. Unm Microsphere-based coatings for radiative cooling under direct sunlight
CN109852171A (en) * 2018-12-19 2019-06-07 宁波瑞凌新能源科技有限公司 A kind of radiation cooling coating
CN111690322A (en) * 2020-05-29 2020-09-22 默格材料(苏州)有限公司 Infrared microwave stealth coating and preparation process thereof

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0454349A2 (en) * 1990-04-23 1991-10-30 Hughes Aircraft Company Selective emissivity coatings for interior temperature reduction of an enclosure
WO2002098996A1 (en) * 2001-06-07 2002-12-12 Lehmann Pacific Solar Pty Limited Radiative cooling surface coatings

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0454349A2 (en) * 1990-04-23 1991-10-30 Hughes Aircraft Company Selective emissivity coatings for interior temperature reduction of an enclosure
WO2002098996A1 (en) * 2001-06-07 2002-12-12 Lehmann Pacific Solar Pty Limited Radiative cooling surface coatings

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CHOUDHURY ET AL.: "Frontiers in Optical Technology", vol. CHAPTER5, 22 May 2006, NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC., ISBN: 1-600021-0848, article SMITH: "Combining energy efficiency with aesthetic appeal using advanced optical materials", pages: 125 - 158, XP008127139 *
See also references of EP2162500A4 *
SMITH ET AL.: "Plasmon mediated visible and near infra red transmission through sub-30 nm holes in metal films: potential in solar energy applications", SOLAR AND SWITCHING MATERIALS, PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE, vol. 4458, 2001, pages 29 - 37, XP008127136 *
SUN ET AL.: "Frequency-selective absorption characteristics of a metal surface with embedded dielectric microspheres", PHYSICAL REVIEW E, vol. 73, 2006, pages 036613, XP008127085 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017066795A3 (en) * 2015-10-16 2017-05-18 Stc. Unm Microsphere-based coatings for radiative cooling under direct sunlight
US10514215B2 (en) 2015-10-16 2019-12-24 Stc. Unm Microsphere-based coatings for radioactive cooling under direct sunlight
CN109852171A (en) * 2018-12-19 2019-06-07 宁波瑞凌新能源科技有限公司 A kind of radiation cooling coating
CN111690322A (en) * 2020-05-29 2020-09-22 默格材料(苏州)有限公司 Infrared microwave stealth coating and preparation process thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2162500A4 (en) 2011-01-05
EP2162500A1 (en) 2010-03-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AU2007202832A1 (en) A cooling material
US20080318031A1 (en) Cooling material
US20110042052A1 (en) cooling material
JP6761673B2 (en) Passive radiative cooling panel improved by metamaterial
CN109070695B (en) Radiation cooling structure and system
Fan Thermal photonics and energy applications
KR102190381B1 (en) Natural radiative cooling system
US8297061B2 (en) Optoelectronic device with upconverting luminophoric medium
CN107001928B (en) From the method and product of surface emission radiation
CN112351884A (en) Radiation cooling device and radiation cooling method
Czapla et al. Potential for passive radiative cooling by PDMS selective emitters
Zhang et al. Improving heat dissipation and temperature uniformity in radiative cooling coating
EP2162500A1 (en) A cooling material using particles arranged for generation of surface plasmon resonances
Gao et al. Novel methods to harness solar radiation for advanced energy applications
Feng et al. Thermal analysis in daytime radiative cooling
Chen et al. Eco‐Friendly Transparent Silk Fibroin Radiative Cooling Film for Thermal Management of Optoelectronics
KR102352115B1 (en) Radiative cooling device including thermally conductive radiative cooling coating layer
KR102427068B1 (en) Passive radiant cooling panel with different top and bottom thermal radiation characteristics
ElKabbash Radiative cooling with angular shields: Mitigating atmospheric radiation and parasitic heating
JP2010080364A (en) Lighting system
Gentle et al. Angular selectivity: impact on optimised coatings for night sky radiative cooling
JP2021154652A (en) Radiation cooling device and cooling method
Kim et al. Wavelength selective cover for sub-ambient passive radiative cooling
JP2020184046A (en) Optical control body
Zohra et al. A Review of Super-Cool Passive Heat Radiating Materials

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
DPE2 Request for preliminary examination filed before expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101)
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 08756974

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2008756974

Country of ref document: EP