WO2008154458A1 - Procédés et appareil pour réseau à commande de phase - Google Patents

Procédés et appareil pour réseau à commande de phase Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008154458A1
WO2008154458A1 PCT/US2008/066226 US2008066226W WO2008154458A1 WO 2008154458 A1 WO2008154458 A1 WO 2008154458A1 US 2008066226 W US2008066226 W US 2008066226W WO 2008154458 A1 WO2008154458 A1 WO 2008154458A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
array
module
phased array
phased
antenna
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2008/066226
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
James R. Gallivan
Kenneth W. Brown
Reid Lowell
Original Assignee
Raytheon Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Raytheon Company filed Critical Raytheon Company
Priority to EP08770426.8A priority Critical patent/EP2160798B1/fr
Publication of WO2008154458A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008154458A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/2676—Optically controlled phased array

Definitions

  • TITLE METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR PHASED ARRAY
  • phased array techniques Due to their relatively large mass and volume, current phased array techniques are not suitable for use in high average power applications requiring a high degree of mobility or in lightweight systems. Besides the antenna array, support equipment, phase shifters, and power supplies add greatly to the overall weight and volume. In addition, replacing and calibrating replacement phased array modules can be a very time consuming task.
  • phased array system may include an array structural frame defining an array of module- receiving mounting locations.
  • the phased array system may further include multiple array modules.
  • Each array module may be adapted to be mounted in one of the mounting locations, and may include an antenna and a power source.
  • the power source may supply power to the array module during an array transmit operation.
  • Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of a phased array system including a partially removed array module.
  • Figure 2 is a block diagram of a phased array system and a central control unit
  • Figure 3 is a block diagram of an array module.
  • Figure 4 is a diagrammatic isometric view of an array module including a removed battery pack.
  • the present invention may be described in terms of functional block components and various processing steps. Such functional blocks may be realized by any number of hardware or software components configured to perform the specified functions and achieve the various results.
  • the present invention may employ various antenna, batteries, phase shifters, frames, computers, controllers, control algorithms, and the like which may carry out a variety of functions.
  • the present invention may be practiced in conjunction with any number of phased array systems, such as radar systems, communication systems, and directed energy weapons, and the system described is merely one exemplary application for the invention.
  • the present invention may employ any number of conventional techniques for phase shifting, steering, filtering, and the like.
  • embodiments may be described as including processes or functions that are described in conjunction with flowcharts, flow diagrams, data flow diagrams, structure diagrams, or block diagrams. Although such illustrations may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged.
  • a process is terminated when its operations are completed, but could have additional steps not included in the figure.
  • a process may correspond to a method, a function, a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, its termination corresponds to a return of the function to the calling function or the main function.
  • embodiments may be implemented by hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or any combination thereof.
  • the program code or code segments to perform the necessary tasks may be stored in a medium, such as portable or fixed storage devices, optical storage devices, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing or carrying instructions and/or data, and a processor may perform the necessary tasks.
  • a code segment may represent a procedure, function, subprogram, program, routine, subroutine, module, software package, class, or any combination of instructions, data structures, or program statements.
  • a code segment may be coupled to another code segment or a hardware circuit by passing and/or receiving information, data, arguments, parameters, or memory contents. Information, arguments, parameters, data, etc. may be passed, forwarded, or transmitted via any suitable technique or mechanism including memory sharing, message passing, token passing, network transmission, etc.
  • phased array system 50 may comprise multiple array modules 100 assembled as an integrated single unit.
  • the phased array system 50 may comprise and/or operate in conjunction with any suitable system utilizing a phased array, such as a communications system, radar system, optics, and weapons.
  • the phased array system S0 comprises a directed energy phased array system, such as for a weapon or radar system.
  • the phased array system 50 may comprise a portable, high-power RF transmitter.
  • the phased array system 50 may communicate with a central control unit 210 to perform various functions, such as to provide a phase reference or master clock signal, receive control/status and I/O signals, and communicate with status indicators in the various modules, such as battery status indicators.
  • the central control unit 210 may be coupled to the phased array system
  • the communications medium 220 may comprise any appropriate medium for receiving and/or transmitting signals, such as electrical connections, optical connections, wireless communications, and/or other appropriate media.
  • the communications medium 220 comprises fiber optical connections between each of the modules 100 in the phased array system 50 and the central control unit 210 such that the central control unit 210 may communicate with individual modules 100 as well as broadcast to all modules 100 as a whole.
  • the communications medium 220 suitably comprises a system of fiber optic devices, such as fiber optic cables, receivers, and transmitters, adapted to provide the master clock signal for transmission to the individual modules 100 in the array system 50 while maintaining phase/time coherency.
  • the communications medium 220 may be configured in a tree structure to prevent failure of a large section of the phased array system 50 if an individual fiber optic receiver or other element fails.
  • the phased array system 50 is a group of array modules 100 configured to operate as a phased array 50 such that the relative phases of the respective signals provided to the antennas of the array modules 100 are varied in such a way that the effective radiation pattern of the phased array system 50 is reinforced in a desired direction and suppressed in undesired directions.
  • the phased array system 50 may comprise any appropriate set of antennas configured to operating as a phased array.
  • the phased array system 50 is configured as a mobile unit adapted to operate at high power levels, such as highly mobile, low operational duty applications. While operating, the phased array system 50 may be disconnected from an external power source, and receive master clock and various other signals from the central control unit 210.
  • the phased array system 50 may comprise any suitable elements to operate as a phased array and support the array modules 100.
  • the phased array system 50 may comprise a frame 52 to support the arrangement of array modules 100.
  • the frame 52 may comprise any suitable structural support for the array modules 100, such as a rigid structure in a generally rectilinear configuration.
  • the frame 52 includes multiple slots for each module to be received and supported in a rackmounted fashion.
  • the array modules 100 may be removably mounted 100A on the frame 52 to facilitate repair and replacement of the array modules 100.
  • Each module mounting location in the frame 52 may be associated with a location identifier that may be communicated to the central control unit 210, such as via the communications medium 220 and the array module 100 installed at the particular location.
  • the array module 100 may receive the location identifier, such as via an electrical or optical connection or a non-contact device.
  • the location identifier facilitates determining the array module's 100 physical location in the phased array system 50 for calculations and to provide information to the central control unit 210 as to the location of a particular module 100, such as for addressing and phase correction purposes. Automatically establishing the location of an array module 100 within the phased array system 50 may facilitate field replacement of the array modules 100 with fewer and/or less demanding alignment and calibration schemes.
  • the array modules 100 comprise individual elements of the phased array system 50 for transmitting signals.
  • the array modules 100 are interchangeable to any physical position in the phased array system 50.
  • the individual connections of the communications medium 220 between each array module 100 and the central control unit 210 may facilitate individual addressing and control of the array modules. Consequently, the phased array system 50 may comprise any suitable number of array modules 100 that may be steered dynamically by the central control unit 210.
  • the array modules 100 may be configured as relatively small integrated units to facilitate deployment and replacement
  • An exemplary array module 100 may be less than 30 pounds in weight and one cubic foot in volume, such as less than fifteen pounds and 0.3 cubic feet in volume.
  • Each array module 100 may also include a visual indicator, such as a nonvolatile visual indicator, to display a particular unit that requires service or needs to be located in the phased array system 50.
  • each array module 100 includes phase shifting electronics, prime power supplies, and control circuits. Each module 100 requires relatively little external structure to operate, such as to provide modulation input and structural support.
  • the array modules 100 may comprise self-contained, field replaceable, high power RF transmitters.
  • each array module 100 may include a housing configured to fit into the mounting locations in the frame 52.
  • the housing may contain an antenna 310, such as at one end of the housing, a power source 320, an amplifier 330, a phase shifter 340, and a module control system 350.
  • the antenna 310 generates transmission in response to signals from the amplifier 330.
  • the control system 350 provides signals to the phase shifter 340 to phase shift signals to steer the transmission, and the amplifier 330 amplifies the signals.
  • the power source 320 may provide power to one or more components of the array module 100.
  • the antenna 310 generates electromagnetic signals in response to an applied electrical signal.
  • the antenna 310 may comprise any appropriate antenna for operating in the phased array system 50.
  • the antenna 310 may comprise a conventional patch antenna.
  • the antennas 310 of the various array modules 100 are arranged along a substantially flat plane such that all of the antennas 310 are facing in substantially the same direction.
  • the power supply 320 provides power to one or more elements of the array module 100.
  • the power supply 320 may comprise any suitable source of power, such as one or more batteries, converters, generators, or other source of electrical power.
  • the power supply 320 comprises rechargeable high-power batteries.
  • the batteries may be charged with a lower power, long duty cycle power source that is external to the phased array system 50, such as a lightweight AC/DC converter.
  • the phased array system 50 may be disconnected from the external source for deployment and operation.
  • the power supply 320 may comprise a single unit powering the entire phased array system 50, multiple units powering multiple array modules 100, and/or multiple units powering individual array modules.
  • the power supply 320 may comprise multiple battery modules, and each battery module may be associated with fewer than all of the array modules 100 in the array.
  • the power supply 320 may comprise multiple removable battery modules 410, each of which powers a single array module 100 such that each array module 100 includes a dedicated battery module 410.
  • Each battery module may include batteries and recharge and control electronics.
  • the phased array system 50 is operated in high power transmitting modes in a burst mode. Using bursts allows the power in the batteries to be used until enough bursts have been utilized to require battery recharging.
  • the burst mode transmissions may also allow the array module 100 to be self-contained, as the heating is only in short bursts so that the transmitters and electronics can be cooled with passive systems, such as adiabatic heat sinks contained in each module, or possibly without dedicated cooling systems.
  • the array module 100 includes hollow structural elements to circulate cooling air or other fluids.
  • the fluids may be unforced or forced, such as by blowers or bleed air from other systems, such as a turbine power generator.
  • the cooling system may include other cooling systems, however, such as an intercooler and/or a venturi cooling device to lower the temperature of the inlet air to the module.
  • the phase shifter 340 shifts the phase of signals propagated to the antenna 310 via the amplifier 330 to provide constructive/destructive interference so as to steer the electromagnetic radiation in the desired direction.
  • the phase shifter 340 may comprise any appropriate element or system for selectively shifting the phase of the signals, such as conventional ferrite phase shifters and/or switched line phase shifters.
  • the phased array system 50 generates microwave frequencies that are low enough to be phase shifted with low cost and light weight digital delay circuits
  • the phase shifter 340 comprises one or more programmable digital time delay integrated circuits, such as differential emitter coupled logic (ECL) microchips.
  • the delay circuits may be programmed to provide selected delays, such as in conjunction with at least four bite of phase shift accuracy.
  • the digital delay circuits tend to reduce the cost, weight, and/or bulk of the phase shifters 340, as conventional ferrite shifters tend to be large and heavy, and switched line phase shifters typically require more space and cost and exhibit greater mass.
  • the output of the phase shifter 340 may be filtered to maintain low RF harmonic content
  • the amplifier 330 amplifies the signals from the phase shifter 340 to drive the antenna 310.
  • the amplifier 330 may comprise any appropriate system for generating sufficiently high power signals to drive the antenna 310, such as a high-power, high-gain RF amplifier using RF power MOSFETs.
  • the module control system 350 controls the operation of the array module 100.
  • the module control system 350 may comprise any appropriate control elements, such as conventional processors, memories, and other components.
  • the module control system 350 may control the phase shifter 340 to dynamically steer the signals generated by the phased array system 50.
  • each module control system 350 in the phased array system 50 uses the same set of mathematical algorithms for real time determination of the phase shifting solution.
  • the module control system 350 may perform any appropriate functions, such as communications control, calculations, module function control, module health monitoring, battery monitoring, battery charging control, determination of module physical location in array, and calibration date.
  • the module control system 350 may communicate with the central control unit 210 to allow autonomous or semi-autonomous operation, such as in the form of built-in test/status reporting, self-calibration, etc.
  • each module control system 350 may have access to a unique serial number embedded in silicon on the device.
  • an electronic data sheet for the corresponding array module 100 may be stored in nonvolatile memory. The data sheet may contain information on factory calibration, field calibration, maintenance history, device errors, failures, etc. that would be applicable to fault diagnosis and/or servicing, and depot level maintenance/repair data and diagnostics.
  • the central control unit 210 controls various aspects of the phased array system 50, such as directing the electromagnetic radiation generated by the system, the operation of the array modules 100, providing control and clock signals, and calibration functions.
  • the central control unit 210 may comprise any appropriate control system, such as a conventional computer or other controller.
  • the central control unit 210 uses a communication protocol and physical layer that has been optimized for controlling and monitoring arrays of embedded devices.
  • the central control unit 210 may generate and/or control a master clock signal and provide it to the array modules 100.
  • the central control unit 210 includes a tunable master oscillator that is controlled by the central control unit 210.
  • the master oscillator may use the same communications and monitoring features that the individual modules use.
  • the central control unit 210 may also be configured to calibrate the phased array system 50 and/or the individual array modules.
  • the central control unit 210 may includes functions to calibrate each array module 100 in the field as well as a maintenance environment, and to store the calibration data in a nonvolatile memory.
  • the central control unit 210 may be configured to communicate with calibration tools, such as receiving antennas, equipped with GPS systems or other locator systems to determine the location of the calibration tools relative to the phased array system S0. By placing a receiving antenna in the far field at a known position with respect to the phased array system S0, the central control unit 210 may initially map the array modules' 100 phasing.
  • Each array module 100 may be individually tested and its received phase and magnitude may be measured, which may facilitate calibration of the phase shift offset for each array module 100 in each array location.
  • the offset data may be coded into a correction phase for that array module 100 and/or array location.
  • the offset data may be read, by any array module 100 placed in the array location, to let it transmit the proper phase.
  • the central control unit 210 may generate the master clock signal, which is provided via the communications medium 220 to the various array modules 100.
  • the central control unit 210 may also generate control signals for steering the transmissions generated by the phased array system 50.
  • the control signals may be received by the array modules 100, such as by the module control system 350.
  • the module control system 350 programs the phase shifter 340 to shift the phase of the master clock signal to achieve the required phase for the signal generated by the array module 100.
  • the amplifier 330 amplifies the signal, which is then provided to the antenna 310 to generate the transmission.
  • the power source 320 may provide the power for the various operations, including a high-power burst transmission. When the power source 320 is drained or otherwise between operations, the power source 320 may be connected to a charger to recharge the power source 320.
  • any method or process claims may be executed in any order and are not limited to the specific order presented in the claims.
  • the components and/or elements recited in any apparatus claims may be assembled or otherwise operationally configured in a variety of permutations and are accordingly not limited to the specific configuration recited in the claims.
  • Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described above with regard to particular embodiments; however, any benefit, advantage, solution to problem, or any element that may cause any particular benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or to become more pronounced are not to be construed as critical, required, or essential features or components of any or all the claims.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention se rapporte à des procédés et à un appareil qui, selon différents aspects de la présente invention, fonctionnent en liaison avec un système de réseau à commande de phase. Le système de réseau à commande de phase peut comprendre un cadre structurel de réseau définissant un réseau d'emplacements de montage de réception de module. Le système de réseau à commande de phase peut en outre comprendre de multiples modules de réseau. Chaque module de réseau peut être adapté pour être monté dans l'un des emplacements de montage, et peut comprendre une antenne et une source d'alimentation. La source d'alimentation peut alimenter le module de réseau pendant une opération de transmission de réseau.
PCT/US2008/066226 2007-06-07 2008-06-07 Procédés et appareil pour réseau à commande de phase WO2008154458A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08770426.8A EP2160798B1 (fr) 2007-06-07 2008-06-07 Procédés et appareil pour réseau à commande de phase

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US94262007P 2007-06-07 2007-06-07
US60/942,620 2007-06-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008154458A1 true WO2008154458A1 (fr) 2008-12-18

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PCT/US2008/066226 WO2008154458A1 (fr) 2007-06-07 2008-06-07 Procédés et appareil pour réseau à commande de phase

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Country Link
US (1) US8077087B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2160798B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008154458A1 (fr)

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WO2011059582A1 (fr) 2009-11-12 2011-05-19 Sensis Corporation Unité d'émission/réception refroidie par l'air, de poids léger, et réseau à commande de phase active la comprenant
US9325075B1 (en) * 2012-05-25 2016-04-26 Lockheed Martin Corporation Antennae formed using integrated subarrays
US10243276B2 (en) 2015-10-12 2019-03-26 The Boeing Company Phased array antenna system including a modular control and monitoring architecture
US10750641B2 (en) * 2015-12-17 2020-08-18 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Phased array antenna

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See also references of EP2160798A4

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2160798B1 (fr) 2020-06-03
EP2160798A4 (fr) 2013-06-12
US8077087B2 (en) 2011-12-13
US20080303716A1 (en) 2008-12-11
EP2160798A1 (fr) 2010-03-10

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