WO2008152162A1 - Solar tracker - Google Patents

Solar tracker Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008152162A1
WO2008152162A1 PCT/ES2008/000357 ES2008000357W WO2008152162A1 WO 2008152162 A1 WO2008152162 A1 WO 2008152162A1 ES 2008000357 W ES2008000357 W ES 2008000357W WO 2008152162 A1 WO2008152162 A1 WO 2008152162A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
panels
units
solar tracker
row
wheels
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2008/000357
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Modesto Balerdi Etxaniz
Jaume Cunill Gutierrez
Original Assignee
Modesto Balerdi Etxaniz
Jaume Cunill Gutierrez
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Modesto Balerdi Etxaniz, Jaume Cunill Gutierrez filed Critical Modesto Balerdi Etxaniz
Publication of WO2008152162A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008152162A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S30/00—Structural details of PV modules other than those related to light conversion
    • H02S30/20—Collapsible or foldable PV modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/10—Supporting structures directly fixed to the ground
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
    • F24S30/45—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with two rotation axes
    • F24S30/452—Vertical primary axis
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
    • H02S20/32—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment specially adapted for solar tracking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2030/10—Special components
    • F24S2030/11—Driving means
    • F24S2030/115—Linear actuators, e.g. pneumatic cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2030/10—Special components
    • F24S2030/14—Movement guiding means
    • F24S2030/145—Tracks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the present invention is a two-axis solar tracker with multiple panels (in the example, 100 units).
  • the objective of any two-axis solar tracker is to achieve maximum use of the sun, putting the panels perpendicular to the sun at all times and seasons of the year.
  • All current structures are based on several structural elements for a single follower: A large support shaft that supports a second structure for anchoring panels, or a support structure for mounting a second structure filled with solar panels, or Feet on which another panel structure is assembled etc.
  • Our invention is based on a single self-supporting structure, that is, a single structure serves as a support for the floor, and for supporting the panels, without any other structure, nor intermediate elements. It is a single structure that performs both movements, which rests directly on the ground through only its wheels.
  • a solar tracker with perpetual power generation has been achieved throughout the entire life of the solar panel, since even in the case of a serious breakdown, or very violent winds, the tracker continues to generate electricity.
  • the reduction of its energy consumption has been achieved to move it, so far never taken into account, and finally the maximum simplification in its construction has been achieved in order to minimize the economic impact on its construction to unknown limits until today. transport and assembly.
  • the present invention makes an important leap in solar generation. If until now all solar trackers were conceived in different ways, designs and mechanisms to achieve the same purpose, put the panels perpendicular to the sun, our solar tracker is the first one designed so that under no circumstances stop generating electricity, and that its manufacturing, transportation, assembly and maintenance costs, as well as those derived from its movement, be the minimum existing.
  • the present invention advocates a solar tracker, consisting of two axes and multiple units / panels, characterized in that it consists of a modular bearing structure in which each module consists of at least two lateral stringers arranged at 45 ° and supporting the axes of rotation of the units / panels and leaning Ia single bearing structure and directly to the ground by means of angularly adjustable wheels at will to the structure, the units / panels being arranged in horizontal rows with height symmetry, having at least one row their units / panels displaced in one direction their center of gravity with respect to to its axis of rotation, and its corresponding symmetrical row having it displaced in the opposite direction.
  • the supporting structure has laterally self-supporting triangular structure in the form of a crane arm, with two axes in which the horizontal movement is made by rotating the entire structure on its wheels and the vertical rotation by turning the units / panels on themselves, each of these groups of units / panels being fixed to the structure separately and resting the vertical axis of the supporting structure on the center of gravity.
  • the units / panels are grouped into rows, each row being independent in the turn, and several rows can be operated with a single mechanism, or each row separately.
  • the supporting structure consists of a braced substructure with triangular lateral view with 45 ° sides dimensioned for truck transport.
  • Figure 1 is a side view of a practical embodiment of a structure (e) for the solar tracker of the invention, in 72 ° position, in which the wheels (1), the roll-over block (2) and storm-slip are seen, The butterfly arrangement of the panels (3), the wind voltage detector (4), and it is clearly perceived that it is a single structure.
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the solar tracker of the invention, in which the rows / groups of 5 panels (3) are clearly visible.
  • Figure 3 is a detail of the group of 5 panels at 72 ° of Figure 2 and the passage of wind all around, and the 2 support points (5) per group / row.
  • Figure 4 is a detail of the bolted wheels (1) in their turning position. Forwarding (7) and the drive system (8) of the units / panels (3) are seen.
  • Figure 5 is a view of the substructure (t) placed on a truck, disassembled in two halves (AI), (te), located one half on top of another.
  • Figure 6 is a front view of the solar tracker on a terrain without unevenness or on a terrain with n unevenness (a1) easily distinguishing the modules in stands.
  • Figure 7 is a view of the solar tracker in which the structure (e) has extensions (10) for the wheels (1), forwarding (7) of the vertical drive system, and panels located at 55 ° corresponding to the first position of storm safety.
  • Figure 8 is a side view of Figure 7 of panels at 90 ° and corresponding to the second anti-storm safety position.
  • FIG. 9 is a rear perspective view of the solar tracker of the invention, where it is appreciated that the structure (e) supports only in the wheels (1), and the two halves ( ⁇ A), ( ⁇ B) in which the structure is separated to be transported in a single truck.
  • the structure (e) of the invention is a self-supporting symmetrical triangular structure, in the form of a real estate construction crane arm.
  • Two-axis structure based on a single structural multi-panel supporting element (in the example one hundred panels) - figures 1 and 2-, which is supported directly to the ground through only wheels (1) and that performs the movements of the two axes, without the need of any other structure, support, or intermediate module.
  • the horizontal movement is done as in a triangular irrigation structure, or the bridge of a water treatment plant, rotating the entire structure on its wheels (1) -figure 9-.
  • Vertical rotation in groups of five panels rotating on themselves (ev) - Figure 4-, as in a carburetor butterfly, or a water butterfly valve, (in the example described with groups of five panels) each of these rows / groups of panels is fixed to the structure (e) separately
  • the two-axis structure places the units / panels (3) in 45 ° triangular symmetrical grandstand, which allows vertical movement from 1-8 ° to 72 ° without the panels becoming shadowed, in the smallest possible existing space, since 45 ° is half of the mentioned useful movement.
  • Panels (3) are grouped five by five in the form of a butterfly, - Figures 1 and 2-, where each row / group is independent in the turn, although several groups can be operated with a single mechanism, or each group of five separately.
  • the units / panels (3) are subject to the vertical axis (ev) with a slight displacement ( ⁇ ) with respect to their center of gravity, in order to detect the wind tension - Figure 1 -.
  • each vertical module there are four groups of five panels: two groups of five panels shifted down, and the other two groups shifted up. (Half up, the other half down).
  • the weight remains at the center of gravity, in order to obtain the effect described in the following point, but detecting the wind tension
  • the units / panels (3) are divided into groups of five units / panels - Figure 3-, in which each group has its own points of support and rotation, in order to distribute the tensions of the wind.
  • Each group of five units / panels has at least 100mm. free around, in order to let the wind leak, and avoid the sailing effect.
  • each support point of the panels to the structure receives a maximum of 2.5% of the force of the wind, so that there is no critical point.
  • the mechanisms of rotation or traction do not receive oblique or torsional tensions, only linear, so that the critical points disappear.
  • the structure (e) is supported exclusively with wheels (1) directly on the ground -figure 9-, which by itself without the help of other elements, can absorb irregularities of the ground, being, however, the panels always perpendicular to the sun - Figure 6-.
  • the wheels (1) can be placed at any point of the structure (e), they can even be placed with extensions (10), at points external to the structure -figure 7-.
  • the wheels are fixed, giving them the necessary angle of rotation, at the time of assembly or later. Therefore, the wheels alone dominate the turn when they are fixed in the specific angular position. Being able to vary this angular position, at will.
  • the roll block (2) is not necessary, which only prevents the rollover and displacement of the structure (e) in case of violent winds.
  • This two-axis structure is designed in grandstand modules, which allows it to be made as long as desired, simply by adding more modules, figures 6 and 3-, screwing them one behind another, without having to reinforce it or modify its structure, nor modify its design, nor reinforce its turning systems.
  • the structure (e) has a double security position, which works at 100% capacity up to winds of 90 km / h.
  • the security system places the panels (3) in a horizontal position, in the form of a step -figure 8-.
  • the anti-roll and windproof system is limited to a block (2) of small cylindrical steel, welded to a plate that is screwed into the ground.
  • the structure is fixed to this block simply by means of a nut (12) or other means of removing and putting - Figures 1 and 9-.
  • This improvement allows the repair or maintenance operations of some or all of the components of the vertical rotation, even in case of total destruction thereof, while the structure can continue generating up to 35% more than a fixed structure (the movement horizontal of the structure can continue working)
  • the drive systems (8) can be operated mechanically, hydraulically, pneumatically, or any other known system. It is a simple matter of optimization at the time of riding.
  • the triangular substructure (t) has a width (a) height (h) and length (I) that allow it to be loaded in the truck box. Since the assembly is modular, it allows the manufacturer (for sum of modules) an easy adaptation to user needs, transport and assembly.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Solar tracker, comprising two axes and multiple units/panels, characterized in that has a modular bearing structure wherein each module consists of at least two lateral crossbars arranged at 45° and which support the rotation axes of the units/panels and the bearing structure supporting itself solely and directly on the ground by means of wheels optionally angularly securable to the structure; the units/panels arranged in horizontal rows with height symmetry, and having at least one row of the units/panels thereof with the centre of gravity displaced with respect to the rotation axis thereof, and the centre of gravity of corresponding symmetrical row displaced in the opposite direction.

Description

"SEGUIDOR SOLAR" "SOLAR TRACKER"
D E S C R I P C I Ó ND E S C R I P C I Ó N
El presente invento es un seguidor solar de dos ejes de múltiples paneles (en el ejemplo, 100uds.).The present invention is a two-axis solar tracker with multiple panels (in the example, 100 units).
El objetivo de cualquier seguidor solar de dos ejes, es conseguir el máximo aprovechamiento del sol, poniendo los paneles en posición perpendicular al sol en todo momento y estación del año.The objective of any two-axis solar tracker is to achieve maximum use of the sun, putting the panels perpendicular to the sun at all times and seasons of the year.
Hasta hoy, todos los seguidores de múltiples paneles existentes, se basan en estructuras múltiples, en las que no se han tenido en cuenta las paradas de generación eléctrica por avería, mantenimiento, vientos, ni el alto consumo energético necesario para moverlas, y tampoco el alto coste de fabricación, transporte y ensamblaje debido a su complejidad.Until today, all the followers of multiple existing panels, are based on multiple structures, in which the power generation stops due to breakdown, maintenance, winds, or the high energy consumption necessary to move them have not been taken into account, nor the high cost of manufacturing, transportation and assembly due to its complexity.
Todas las estructuras actuales se basan en varios elementos estructurales para un solo seguidor: Un gran eje de soporte que sostiene una segunda estructura para anclaje de paneles, o bien una estructura de soporte para montar encima de él una segunda estructura llena de paneles solares, o unos pies sobre los cuales se ensambla otra estructura de paneles etc. Nuestro invento se basa en una sola estructura autoportante, es decir, una sola estructura sirve de apoyo al suelo, y de soporte de los paneles, sin ninguna otra estructura, ni elementos intermedios. Es una sola estructura que realiza los dos movimientos, que se apoya directamente en el suelo a través únicamente de sus ruedas. En el presente invento se ha conseguido un seguidor solar con generación eléctrica perpetua durante toda Ia vida útil del panel solar, ya que incluso en caso de avería grave, o vientos muy violentos, el seguidor sigue generando electricidad. Asimismo se ha conseguido Ia reducción de sus consumos energéticos para moverla, hasta ahora nunca tenidos en cuenta, y finalmente se ha conseguido Ia simplificación máxima en su construcción con el fin de minimizar hasta límites no conocidos hasta hoy, el impacto económico en su construcción, transporte y ensamblaje.All current structures are based on several structural elements for a single follower: A large support shaft that supports a second structure for anchoring panels, or a support structure for mounting a second structure filled with solar panels, or Feet on which another panel structure is assembled etc. Our invention is based on a single self-supporting structure, that is, a single structure serves as a support for the floor, and for supporting the panels, without any other structure, nor intermediate elements. It is a single structure that performs both movements, which rests directly on the ground through only its wheels. In the present invention, a solar tracker with perpetual power generation has been achieved throughout the entire life of the solar panel, since even in the case of a serious breakdown, or very violent winds, the tracker continues to generate electricity. Likewise, the reduction of its energy consumption has been achieved to move it, so far never taken into account, and finally the maximum simplification in its construction has been achieved in order to minimize the economic impact on its construction to unknown limits until today. transport and assembly.
El presente invento da un salto importante en Ia generación solar. Si hasta ahora todos los seguidores solares se concebían en formas, diseños y mecanismos diferentes para conseguir el mismo fin, poner los paneles en posición perpendicular al sol, nuestro seguidor solar es el primero concebido para que bajo ninguna circunstancia deje de generar electricidad, y que sus costes de fabricación, transporte, ensamblaje y mantenimiento, así como los derivados de su movimiento, sea el mínimo existente.The present invention makes an important leap in solar generation. If until now all solar trackers were conceived in different ways, designs and mechanisms to achieve the same purpose, put the panels perpendicular to the sun, our solar tracker is the first one designed so that under no circumstances stop generating electricity, and that its manufacturing, transportation, assembly and maintenance costs, as well as those derived from its movement, be the minimum existing.
Las razones para crear este invento, son, además de disponer de un equipo con Ia máxima eficiencia del mercado, conseguir Ia evolución del sistema financiero, que no financia los proyectos con seguidores solares, debido precisamente a los problemas enunciados arriba, condenándolos a una implantación muy lenta.The reasons for creating this invention are, in addition to having a team with maximum market efficiency, to achieve the evolution of the financial system, which does not finance the projects with solar trackers, due precisely to the problems listed above, condemning them to an implementation very slow.
El presente invento preconiza un seguidor solar, de los que constan de dos ejes y múltiples unidades/paneles, que se caracteriza porque consta de una estructura portante modular en Ia que cada módulo consta de al menos dos largueros laterales dispuestos a 45° y que soportan los ejes de giro de las unidades/paneles y apoyándose Ia estructura portante única y directamente al suelo por medio de ruedas fijables angularmente a voluntad a Ia estructura, disponiéndose las unidades/paneles en filas horizontales con simetría en altura, teniendo al menos una fila sus unidades/paneles desplazado en un sentido su centro de gravedad respecto a su eje de giro, y su correspondiente fila simétrica teniéndolo desplazado en sentido contrario.The present invention advocates a solar tracker, consisting of two axes and multiple units / panels, characterized in that it consists of a modular bearing structure in which each module consists of at least two lateral stringers arranged at 45 ° and supporting the axes of rotation of the units / panels and leaning Ia single bearing structure and directly to the ground by means of angularly adjustable wheels at will to the structure, the units / panels being arranged in horizontal rows with height symmetry, having at least one row their units / panels displaced in one direction their center of gravity with respect to to its axis of rotation, and its corresponding symmetrical row having it displaced in the opposite direction.
También se caracteriza porque Ia estructura portante presenta lateralmente estructura triangular autoportante en forma de brazo de grúa, con dos ejes en el que el movimiento horizontal se hace girando toda Ia estructura sobre sus ruedas y el giro vertical girando sobre si mismas las unidades/paneles, cada uno de estos grupos de unidades/paneles fijándose a Ia estructura por separado y descansando el eje vertical de Ia estructura portante sobre el centro de gravedad.It is also characterized in that the supporting structure has laterally self-supporting triangular structure in the form of a crane arm, with two axes in which the horizontal movement is made by rotating the entire structure on its wheels and the vertical rotation by turning the units / panels on themselves, each of these groups of units / panels being fixed to the structure separately and resting the vertical axis of the supporting structure on the center of gravity.
También se caracteriza porque las unidades/paneles se agrupan en filas, siendo cada fila independiente en el giro, pudiendo ser accionadas varias filas con un solo mecanismo, o cada fila por separado.It is also characterized in that the units / panels are grouped into rows, each row being independent in the turn, and several rows can be operated with a single mechanism, or each row separately.
También se caracteriza porque Ia estructura portante consta de una subestructura arriostrada con vista lateral triangular con lados a 45° dimensionada para su transporte por camión.It is also characterized in that the supporting structure consists of a braced substructure with triangular lateral view with 45 ° sides dimensioned for truck transport.
Para comprender mejor el objeto de Ia presente invención, se representa en los planos una forma preferente de realización práctica, susceptible de cambios accesorios que no desvirtúen su fundamento.To better understand the object of the present invention, a preferred form of practical embodiment is shown in the drawings, susceptible to accessory changes that do not distort its foundation.
La figura 1 es una vista lateral de una realización práctica de una estructura (e) para el seguidor solar del invento, en posición 72°, en que se ven las ruedas (1 ), el taco antivuelco (2) y antidesplazamiento por tempestad, Ia disposición en mariposa de los paneles (3), el detector de tensión del viento (4), y se percibe claramente que se trata de una sola estructura.Figure 1 is a side view of a practical embodiment of a structure (e) for the solar tracker of the invention, in 72 ° position, in which the wheels (1), the roll-over block (2) and storm-slip are seen, The butterfly arrangement of the panels (3), the wind voltage detector (4), and it is clearly perceived that it is a single structure.
La figura 2 es una vista en perspectiva del seguidor solar del invento, en que se ven claramente las filas/grupos de 5 paneles (3).Figure 2 is a perspective view of the solar tracker of the invention, in which the rows / groups of 5 panels (3) are clearly visible.
La figura 3 es un detalle del grupo de 5 paneles a 72° de Ia figura 2 y el paso de viento todo alrededor, y los 2 puntos de apoyo (5) por grupo/fila.Figure 3 is a detail of the group of 5 panels at 72 ° of Figure 2 and the passage of wind all around, and the 2 support points (5) per group / row.
La figura 4 es un detalle de las ruedas atornilladas (1 ) en su posición de giro. Se ve el reenvío (7) y el sistema motriz (8) de las unidades/paneles (3).Figure 4 is a detail of the bolted wheels (1) in their turning position. Forwarding (7) and the drive system (8) of the units / panels (3) are seen.
La figura 5 es una vista de Ia subestructura (t) puesta encima camión, desmontada en dos mitades (ÍA), (te), situadas una mitad encima de otra.Figure 5 is a view of the substructure (t) placed on a truck, disassembled in two halves (AI), (te), located one half on top of another.
La figura 6 es una vista frontal del seguidor solar sobre un terreno sin desnivel o sobre un terreno con n desnivel (a1 ) distinguiéndose fácilmente los módulos en gradería.Figure 6 is a front view of the solar tracker on a terrain without unevenness or on a terrain with n unevenness (a1) easily distinguishing the modules in stands.
La figura 7 es una vista del seguidor solar en el que Ia estructura (e) dispone de extensiones (10) para las ruedas (1 ), reenvío (7) del sistema motriz vertical, y paneles situados a 55° correspondiente a Ia primera posición de seguridad antitempestad.Figure 7 is a view of the solar tracker in which the structure (e) has extensions (10) for the wheels (1), forwarding (7) of the vertical drive system, and panels located at 55 ° corresponding to the first position of storm safety.
La figura8 es una vista lateral de Ia figura 7 de paneles a 90° y correspondiente a Ia segunda posición de seguridad antitempestad.Figure 8 is a side view of Figure 7 of panels at 90 ° and corresponding to the second anti-storm safety position.
La figura 9 es una vista en perspectiva posterior del seguidor solar del invento, donde se aprecia que Ia estructura (e) apoya solo en las ruedas (1 ), y las dos mitades (ÍA) , (ÍB) en que se separa Ia estructura para transportarla en un solo camión.Figure 9 is a rear perspective view of the solar tracker of the invention, where it is appreciated that the structure (e) supports only in the wheels (1), and the two halves (ÍA), (ÍB) in which the structure is separated to be transported in a single truck.
Se describe a continuación un ejemplo de realización práctica, no limitativa, del presente invento.An example of practical, non-limiting embodiment of the present invention is described below.
La estructura (e) del invento es una estructura triangular simétrica autoportante, en forma de brazo de grúa de construcción inmobiliaria.The structure (e) of the invention is a self-supporting symmetrical triangular structure, in the form of a real estate construction crane arm.
Estructura de dos ejes, basada en un solo elemento estructural portante de múltiples paneles (en el ejemplo cien paneles) - figuras 1 y 2-, que se apoya directamente al suelo a través únicamente de ruedas ( 1 ) y que realiza los movimientos de los dos ejes, sin necesidad de ninguna otra estructura, soporte, o modulo intermedio.Two-axis structure, based on a single structural multi-panel supporting element (in the example one hundred panels) - figures 1 and 2-, which is supported directly to the ground through only wheels (1) and that performs the movements of the two axes, without the need of any other structure, support, or intermediate module.
El movimiento horizontal se hace como en una estructura triangular de riego, o el puente de una depuradora de agua, girando toda Ia estructura sobre sus ruedas ( 1 ) -figura 9-. El giro vertical, en grupos de cinco paneles girando sobre si mismos (ev) -figura 4-, como en una mariposa de carburador, o una válvula de mariposa de agua, (en el ejemplo se describe con grupos de cinco paneles) cada una de estas filas/grupos de paneles se fija a Ia estructura (e) por separadoThe horizontal movement is done as in a triangular irrigation structure, or the bridge of a water treatment plant, rotating the entire structure on its wheels (1) -figure 9-. Vertical rotation, in groups of five panels rotating on themselves (ev) - Figure 4-, as in a carburetor butterfly, or a water butterfly valve, (in the example described with groups of five panels) each of these rows / groups of panels is fixed to the structure (e) separately
La estructura de dos ejes sitúa a las unidades/paneles (3) en gradería simétrica triangular a 45°, que permite el movimiento vertical de 1 8° a 72° sin que los paneles se hagan sombra, en el espacio más pequeño posible existente, ya que 45° es Ia mitad del movimiento útil mencionado.The two-axis structure places the units / panels (3) in 45 ° triangular symmetrical grandstand, which allows vertical movement from 1-8 ° to 72 ° without the panels becoming shadowed, in the smallest possible existing space, since 45 ° is half of the mentioned useful movement.
Se agrupan los paneles (3) de cinco en cinco en forma de mariposa, -figuras 1 y 2-, donde cada fila/grupo es independiente en el giro, aunque puedan ser accionados varios grupos con un solo mecanismo, o cada grupo de cinco por separado.Panels (3) are grouped five by five in the form of a butterfly, - Figures 1 and 2-, where each row / group is independent in the turn, although several groups can be operated with a single mechanism, or each group of five separately.
Las unidades/paneles (3), agrupados (de cinco en cinco en el ejemplo), están sujetos al eje vertical (ev) con un ligero desplazamiento (Δ) respecto a su centro de gravedad, con el fin de detectar Ia tensión del viento -figura 1 -.The units / panels (3), grouped (five by five in the example), are subject to the vertical axis (ev) with a slight displacement (Δ) with respect to their center of gravity, in order to detect the wind tension -Figure 1 -.
En cada módulo vertical , hay cuatro grupos de cinco paneles: dos grupos de cinco paneles desplazados hacia abajo, y los otros dos grupos desplazados hacia arriba. ( La mitad hacia arriba, Ia otra mitad hacia abajo ). De este modo en Ia suma de ambos, el peso queda en el centro de gravedad, con el fin de obtener el efecto descrito en el siguiente punto, pero detectando Ia tensión por vientoIn each vertical module, there are four groups of five panels: two groups of five panels shifted down, and the other two groups shifted up. (Half up, the other half down). Thus, in the sum of both, the weight remains at the center of gravity, in order to obtain the effect described in the following point, but detecting the wind tension
Se aprecia que el conjunto de los ejes verticales (ev) se equilibran entre sí y descansan sobre el centro de gravedad, con Io que el giro horizontal no tiene pesos suspendidos, todos los pesos reposan de forma natural sobre las ruedas (1 ) en el suelo. Por tanto, el seguidor necesita un mínimo de energía para moverse, solo Ia suficiente para vencer Ia inercia -figurasi y.9.It is appreciated that the set of vertical axes (ev) balance each other and rest on the center of gravity, so that the horizontal rotation has no suspended weights, all weights rest naturally on the wheels (1) in the ground. Therefore, the follower needs a minimum of energy to move, only enough to overcome the inertia -figurasi y.9.
Las unidades/paneles (3) están repartidos en grupos de cinco unidades/paneles -figura 3-, en que cada grupo tiene sus propios puntos de apoyo y giro, con el fin de repartir las tensiones del viento. Cada grupo de cinco unidades/paneles dispone, como mínimo, de 100mm. libres alrededor, con el fin de dejar fugas al viento, y evitar el efecto vela.The units / panels (3) are divided into groups of five units / panels - Figure 3-, in which each group has its own points of support and rotation, in order to distribute the tensions of the wind. Each group of five units / panels has at least 100mm. free around, in order to let the wind leak, and avoid the sailing effect.
Las tensiones se reparten de Ia siguiente manera: cada punto de apoyo de los paneles a Ia estructura, recibe como máximo un 2,5% de Ia fuerza del viento, de modo que no hay ningún punto crítico. Los mecanismos de giro o tracción, no reciben tensiones oblicuas o torsionales, solo lineales, de modo que desaparecen los puntos críticos.The tensions are distributed as follows: each support point of the panels to the structure, receives a maximum of 2.5% of the force of the wind, so that there is no critical point. The mechanisms of rotation or traction, do not receive oblique or torsional tensions, only linear, so that the critical points disappear.
La estructura (e) se apoya exclusivamente con ruedas (1 ) directamente sobre el suelo -figura 9-, que por si misma sin ayuda de otros elementos, puede absorber irregularidades del terreno, estando, aun así, los paneles siempre perpendiculares al sol -figura 6-.The structure (e) is supported exclusively with wheels (1) directly on the ground -figure 9-, which by itself without the help of other elements, can absorb irregularities of the ground, being, however, the panels always perpendicular to the sun - Figure 6-.
Todo ello permite tener Ia tracción de giro horizontal mandado a través de cualquiera de las ruedas (1 ) que tocan el suelo - figura 9-.All this allows to have the horizontal rotation traction commanded through any of the wheels (1) that touch the ground - figure 9-.
Se pueden situar las ruedas (1 ) en cualquier punto de Ia estructura (e), incluso pueden situarse con extensiones (10), en puntos externos a Ia estructura -figura 7-.The wheels (1) can be placed at any point of the structure (e), they can even be placed with extensions (10), at points external to the structure -figure 7-.
Las ruedas son fijas, dándoles el ángulo de giro necesario, en el momento del montaje o posteriormente. Por tanto son las ruedas por si solas las que dominan el giro al estar fijadas en Ia posición angular concreta. Pudiendo variar esta posición angular , a voluntad. Para efectuar el giro, no es necesario el taco antivuelco (2), el cual solo evita el vuelco y el desplazamiento de Ia estructura (e) en caso de vientos violentos.The wheels are fixed, giving them the necessary angle of rotation, at the time of assembly or later. Therefore, the wheels alone dominate the turn when they are fixed in the specific angular position. Being able to vary this angular position, at will. To make the turn, the roll block (2) is not necessary, which only prevents the rollover and displacement of the structure (e) in case of violent winds.
Todo ello nos permite situar el centro del giro horizontal en cualquier punto longitudinal de Ia estructura (e).All this allows us to place the center of the horizontal rotation at any longitudinal point of the structure (e).
Esta estructura de dos ejes está concebida en módulos de gradería, que permite hacerla tan larga como se desee, simplemente añadiendo mas módulos, -figuras 6 y 3-, atornillándolos uno detrás de otro, sin tener que reforzarla ni modificar su estructura, ni modificar su diseño, ni reforzar sus sistemas de giro.This two-axis structure is designed in grandstand modules, which allows it to be made as long as desired, simply by adding more modules, figures 6 and 3-, screwing them one behind another, without having to reinforce it or modify its structure, nor modify its design, nor reinforce its turning systems.
La estructura (e) dispone de doble posición de seguridad, que trabaja al 100% de su capacidad hasta con vientos de 90 Km. /h.The structure (e) has a double security position, which works at 100% capacity up to winds of 90 km / h.
a) Vientos de 90 a 1 10km/h, el eje horizontal sigue girando normalmente, pero el vertical se pone a 55° y solo gira para posiciones solares superiores o iguales a ese ángulo -figura 7-a) Winds of 90 to 1 10km / h, the horizontal axis continues to rotate normally, but the vertical axis is set at 55 ° and only rotates for solar positions greater than or equal to that angle -figure 7-
b) Vientos superiores a 1 10km/h. el eje vertical de Ia maquina se sitúa en seguridad, a 90°. La estructura no se mueve - figura 8-b) Winds greater than 1 10km / h. The vertical axis of the machine is placed in safety, at 90 °. The structure does not move - figure 8-
Evidentemente, los parámetros de velocidad y/o ángulo de seguridad, pueden ser diferentes, en función de las necesidades de Ia zona, Io importante es el concepto.Obviously, the parameters of speed and / or safety angle may be different, depending on the needs of the area, the important thing is the concept.
Se aprecia que el sistema de seguridad sitúa los paneles (3) en posición horizontal, en forma de grada -figura 8-.It can be seen that the security system places the panels (3) in a horizontal position, in the form of a step -figure 8-.
El sistema antivuelco y antidesplazamiento por viento, se limita a un taco (2) de acero cilindrico de pequeñas dimensiones, soldado a una pletina que se atornilla en el suelo. La estructura se fija a este taco simplemente a través de una tuerca (12) u otro medio de quita y pon -figuras 1 y 9-.The anti-roll and windproof system is limited to a block (2) of small cylindrical steel, welded to a plate that is screwed into the ground. The structure is fixed to this block simply by means of a nut (12) or other means of removing and putting -Figures 1 and 9-.
En esta estructura de dos ejes todos los componentes, que son únicamente las ruedas, de giro horizontal son desmontables por separado e independientes de los paneles -figura 9-.In this two-axle structure all the components, which are only the wheels, of horizontal rotation are detachable separately and independent of the panels -figure 9-.
Esto supone una mejora que permite hacer las operaciones de reparación o mantenimiento de alguno o todos los componentes del eje horizontal de giro, incluso en caso de destrucción total del mismo, mientras Ia estructura sigue generando un 10% mas que una estructura fija (el movimiento vertical de los paneles sigue funcionando mientras se repara el giro horizontal)This is an improvement that allows the repair or maintenance operations of some or all components of the horizontal axis of rotation, even in case of total destruction thereof, while the structure continues to generate 10% more than a fixed structure (the vertical movement of the panels continues to function while the horizontal rotation is repaired)
Lo mismo se puede decir respecto a todos los componentes de giro vertical que son desmontables por separado e independientes de los paneles -figuras 4 y 7-, donde dichos elementos son: sistema motriz (8) y reenvío (7).The same can be said for all vertical rotation components that are detachable separately and independent of the panels - Figures 4 and 7-, where these elements are: drive system (8) and forwarding (7).
Dicha mejora, permite hacer las operaciones de reparación o mantenimiento de alguno o todos los componentes del giro vertical de giro, incluso en caso de destrucción total del mismo, mientras Ia estructura puede seguir generando hasta un 35% mas que una estructura fija (el movimiento horizontal de Ia estructura puede seguir funcionando)This improvement allows the repair or maintenance operations of some or all of the components of the vertical rotation, even in case of total destruction thereof, while the structure can continue generating up to 35% more than a fixed structure (the movement horizontal of the structure can continue working)
Tanto en el giro horizontal como en el vertical, los sistemas motrices (8) pueden actuarse de manera mecánica, hidráulica, neumática, o cualquier otro sistema conocido. Es una simple cuestión de optimización en el momento de montar.In both horizontal and vertical rotation, the drive systems (8) can be operated mechanically, hydraulically, pneumatically, or any other known system. It is a simple matter of optimization at the time of riding.
También es importante el dimensionamiento que está concorde con Ia normativa de transporte. Puede ser transportada desmontada, en un solo camión -figuras 5 y.9- y aprovechando el espacio vacío de los triángulos (t) que es una subestructura de Ia estructura general (e), para cargar todos los demás componentes.Also important is the dimensioning that is consistent with the transport regulations. It can be transported disassembled, in a single truck - figures 5 and 9 - and taking advantage of the empty space of the triangles (t) that is a substructure of the general structure (e), to load all the other components.
En este aso Ia subestructura triangular (t) presenta un ancho (a) altura (h) y longitud (I) que Ie permiten cargarse en Ia caja de un camión. Dado que el conjunto es modular, permite al fabricante (por suma de módulos) una fácil adaptación a necesidades del usuario, de transporte y montaje.In this case, the triangular substructure (t) has a width (a) height (h) and length (I) that allow it to be loaded in the truck box. Since the assembly is modular, it allows the manufacturer (for sum of modules) an easy adaptation to user needs, transport and assembly.
Mínimo consumo, menos paradas por averías, mantenimiento o viento, mas generación, implica mayor eficiencia. Minimum consumption, less stops due to breakdowns, maintenance or wind, more generation, implies greater efficiency.

Claims

R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S
1 .- Seguidor solar, de los que constan de dos ejes y múltiples unidades/paneles, caracterizado porque consta de una estructura portante modular en Ia que cada módulo consta de al menos dos largueros laterales dispuestos a 45° y que soportan los ejes de giro de las unidades/paneles y apoyándose Ia estructura portante única y directamente al suelo por medio de ruedas fijables angularmente a voluntad a Ia estructura, disponiéndose las unidades/paneles en filas horizontales con simetría en altura, teniendo al menos una fila sus unidades/paneles desplazado en un sentido su centro de gravedad respecto a su eje de giro, y su correspondiente fila simétrica teniéndolo desplazado en sentido contrario.1 .- Solar tracker, of which they consist of two axes and multiple units / panels, characterized in that it consists of a modular bearing structure in which each module consists of at least two lateral stringers arranged at 45 ° and supporting the pivot axes of the units / panels and supporting the single supporting structure and directly to the ground by means of angularly adjustable wheels at will to the structure, the units / panels being arranged in horizontal rows with symmetry in height, at least one row having their units / panels displaced in a sense its center of gravity with respect to its axis of rotation, and its corresponding symmetrical row having it displaced in the opposite direction.
2.- Seguidor solar, según reivindicación anterior, caracterizado porque Ia estructura portante presenta lateralmente estructura triangular autoportante en forma de brazo de grúa, con dos ejes en el que el movimiento horizontal se hace girando toda Ia estructura sobre sus ruedas y el giro vertical girando sobre si mismas las unidades/paneles, cada uno de estos grupos de unidades/paneles fijándose a Ia estructura por separado y descansando el eje vertical de Ia estructura portante sobre el centro de gravedad.2.- Solar tracker, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the supporting structure has laterally self-supporting triangular structure in the form of a crane arm, with two axes in which the horizontal movement is made by turning the entire structure on its wheels and the vertical rotation turning on themselves the units / panels, each of these groups of units / panels being fixed to the structure separately and resting the vertical axis of the supporting structure on the center of gravity.
3.- Seguidor solar, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque las unidades/paneles se agrupan en filas, siendo cada fila independiente en el giro, pudiendo ser accionadas varias filas con un solo mecanismo, o cada fila por separado.3.- Solar tracker, according to previous claims, characterized in that the units / panels are grouped into rows, each row being independent in the turn, several rows can be operated with a single mechanism, or each row separately.
4.- Seguidor solar, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque cada fila de unidades se dispone con u mínimo de 100mm. de separación respecto a las filas contiguas. 4.- Solar tracker, according to previous claims, characterized in that each row of units is available with a minimum of 100mm. of separation with respect to the adjacent rows.
5.- Seguidor solar, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque se pueden situar las ruedas en cualquier punto de Ia estructura, incluso pueden situarse por medio de extensiones, en puntos externos a Ia estructura y disponiéndose que Ia tracción de giro horizontal se puede efectuar mandando a través de cualquiera de las ruedas que tocan el suelo.5.- Solar tracker, according to previous claims, characterized in that the wheels can be placed at any point of the structure, they can even be located by means of extensions, at points external to the structure and provided that the horizontal rotation traction can be carried out by sending through any of the wheels that touch the ground.
6.- Seguidor solar, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque Ia estructura se alarga simplemente añadiendo mas módulos atornillándolos uno detrás de otro.6.- Solar tracker, according to previous claims, characterized in that the structure is lengthened simply by adding more modules by screwing them one behind the other.
7.- Seguidor solar, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque dispone de un taco antivuelco y antidesplazamiento por viento, que consiste en un taco de acero que se fija a voluntad al suelo, fijándose a voluntad Ia estructura a este taco.7.- Solar tracker, according to previous claims, characterized in that it has a roll and anti-roll wind block, which consists of a steel block that is fixed at will to the ground, fixing the structure to this block at will.
8.- Seguidor solar, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque todos los componentes de giro horizontal son desmontables por separado e independientes de los paneles y todos los componentes de giro vertical son desmontables por separado e independientes de los paneles.8. Solar tracker, according to previous claims, characterized in that all horizontal rotation components are detachable separately and independent of the panels and all vertical rotation components are detachable separately and independent of the panels.
9.- Seguidor solar, según reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque Ia estructura portante consta de una subestructura arriostrada con vista lateral triangular con lados a 45° dimensionada para su transporte por camión. 9. Solar tracker, according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting structure consists of a braced substructure with triangular lateral view with 45 ° sides dimensioned for truck transport.
PCT/ES2008/000357 2007-06-12 2008-05-22 Solar tracker WO2008152162A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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ESP200701620 2007-06-12
ES200701620A ES2310966B1 (en) 2007-06-12 2007-06-12 SOLAR TRACKER.

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Cited By (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITRM20080703A1 (en) * 2008-12-31 2010-07-01 Convert Italia S P A PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM
WO2013068618A1 (en) * 2011-11-11 2013-05-16 Otaegui Ugarte Jose Maria Compact photovoltaic solar panel installation system
CN103715976A (en) * 2012-09-29 2014-04-09 天津市润彤磬科技发展有限公司 Multifunctional solar device
CN104483979A (en) * 2014-10-31 2015-04-01 国家电网公司 Novel linkage heliostat

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2368544B1 (en) * 2009-02-09 2012-06-11 Sendekia Arquitectura E Ingeniería Sostenible S.L. SOLAR FOLLOWER TO TWO AXLES.

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US4883340A (en) * 1988-08-02 1989-11-28 Solar Lighting Research, Inc. Solar lighting reflector apparatus having slatted mirrors and improved tracker
ES1061185U (en) * 2005-07-01 2006-01-16 Sotel, S.L. Perfected solar follower (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4883340A (en) * 1988-08-02 1989-11-28 Solar Lighting Research, Inc. Solar lighting reflector apparatus having slatted mirrors and improved tracker
ES1061185U (en) * 2005-07-01 2006-01-16 Sotel, S.L. Perfected solar follower (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITRM20080703A1 (en) * 2008-12-31 2010-07-01 Convert Italia S P A PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM
EP2204853A1 (en) * 2008-12-31 2010-07-07 Convert Italia S.p.A. Photovoltaic plant
WO2013068618A1 (en) * 2011-11-11 2013-05-16 Otaegui Ugarte Jose Maria Compact photovoltaic solar panel installation system
ES2403545A2 (en) * 2011-11-11 2013-05-20 Jose María OTAEGUI UGARTE Compact photovoltaic solar panel installation system
ES2403545R1 (en) * 2011-11-11 2013-07-29 Ugarte Jose Maria Otaegui COMPACT SYSTEM OF INSTALLATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR PANELS
CN103715976A (en) * 2012-09-29 2014-04-09 天津市润彤磬科技发展有限公司 Multifunctional solar device
CN104483979A (en) * 2014-10-31 2015-04-01 国家电网公司 Novel linkage heliostat
CN104483979B (en) * 2014-10-31 2017-09-12 国家电网公司 One kind linkage heliostat

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