WO2008130608A1 - High altitude payload structures and related methods - Google Patents
High altitude payload structures and related methods Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008130608A1 WO2008130608A1 PCT/US2008/004985 US2008004985W WO2008130608A1 WO 2008130608 A1 WO2008130608 A1 WO 2008130608A1 US 2008004985 W US2008004985 W US 2008004985W WO 2008130608 A1 WO2008130608 A1 WO 2008130608A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- elongated member
- payload
- coupled
- elongated
- high altitude
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/34—Extraordinary structures, e.g. with suspended or cantilever parts supported by masts or tower-like structures enclosing elevators or stairs; Features relating to the elastic stability
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
- E04H12/28—Chimney stacks, e.g. free-standing, or similar ducts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H5/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for industrial or agricultural purposes
- E04H5/10—Buildings forming part of cooling plants
- E04H5/12—Cooling towers
Definitions
- the description herein generally relates to the field of high altitude structures capable of many applications as well as methods of making and using the same.
- high altitude structures for high altitude applications, such as but not limited to communications, weather monitoring, atmospheric management, venting, surveillance, entertainment, etc.
- Such needed high altitude structures may be configured to carry and support payloads at various altitudes.
- a method of providing a payload to an altitude includes coupling a payload to an elongated member, the elongated member coupled to the surface and extending skyward. The method also includes generating a lifting force by a carrier external to and coupled to the elongated member to aid in extending the elongated member into the atmosphere to a substantially high altitude.
- a method of providing communications between two points includes receiving a communication signal by a transceiver held aloft by a high altitude structure in response to a communication signal being sent.
- the high altitude structure is held substantially upright at least partially by buoyant forces, the buoyant forces at least partially provided by a carrier external to and coupled to the high altitude structure and the high altitude structure is coupled to the surface and extends skyward.
- the method further includes transmitting by the transceiver a communication signal.
- related systems include but are not limited to circuitry and/or programming for effecting the herein-referenced method aspects; the circuitry and/or programming can be virtually any combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware configured to effect the herein- referenced method aspects depending upon the design choices of the system designer.
- a system in one aspect, includes a high altitude structure.
- the high altitude structure includes an elongated structure coupled to the ground and extending skyward, the elongated structure at least partially supported by buoyancy effects, the elongated structure including at least one lumen, the at least one lumen configured to transport at least one material and to vent the at least one material to the atmosphere.
- the system also includes a gas having a density that is less dense than that of the atmosphere outside of the elongated structure. The gas is disposed in one or more voids of the elongated structure.
- the system further includes an introducer configured to provide the gas into the one or more voids.
- the system includes a payload coupled to the elongated structure and being held aloft by the elongated structure.
- a high altitude structure in another aspect, includes an elongated member formed of at least a first material coupled to the surface at at least one end.
- the high altitude structure also includes at least one carrier coupled to the elongated member and at least partially supporting the elongated member in a substantially upright orientation to a substantially high altitude.
- the high altitude structure includes a payload coupled to the elongated member and being held aloft by the elongated member.
- a high altitude structure includes an elongated member formed of at least a first material, the elongated member coupled to the surface.
- the structure also includes a buoyancy structure coupled to the elongated member and supporting the elongated member in a substantially upright orientation reaching to a substantially high altitude.
- the structure further includes a platform coupled to the elongated member and being held aloft by the elongated member.
- a high altitude structure includes a base and an elongated member coupled to the base.
- the structure also includes an orbital anchor in orbit about the earth and a tether coupled to the elongated member and to the orbital anchor, the tether at least partially supporting the elongated member.
- a payload is coupled to the elongated member and is held aloft by the elongated member.
- FIG. 1 is an exemplary diagram of a generalized high altitude conduit.
- FIG. 2 is an exemplary diagram of a cross sectional configuration of a high- altitude conduit.
- FIG. 3 is an exemplary diagram of a cross sectional configuration of a high- altitude conduit showing supporting elements.
- FIG. 4 is an exemplary diagram of a configuration of a high altitude supporting structure having payloads coupled thereto.
- FIG. 5 is an exemplary diagram of a high altitude conduit depicting potential height thereof.
- FIG. 6 is an exemplary diagram of a high altitude supporting structure with a carrier attached thereto.
- FIG. 7 is an exemplary diagram of a payload lifting process.
- FIG. 8 is an exemplary diagram of a communication process.
- FIG. 9 is an exemplary diagram of a high altitude structure being supported by an orbital anchor.
- a signal bearing medium examples include, but are not limited to, the following: a recordable type medium such as a floppy disk, a hard disk drive, a Compact Disc (CD), a Digital Video Disk (DVD), a digital tape, a computer memory, etc.; and a transmission type medium such as a digital and/or an analog communication medium (e.g., a fiber optic cable, a waveguide, a wired communications link, a wireless communication link, etc.).
- High altitude structure 100 includes but is not limited to any of a variety of materials which may be relatively lightweight, strong, and be capable of standing aloft in a variety of atmospheric, weather-related, and heating conditions. Further, structure 100 may be capable of being applied in a variety of environments and for a variety of applications. Structure 100 may be used in a variety of ways including as a supporting structure for equipment, such as but not limited to antenna 110, as a vent for exhaust gases 120, or as a particulate or gas introducer, or the like. In the exemplary embodiment depicted in FIG. 1, structure 100 is an approximately cylindrical shape forming an elongated cannula having an exterior wall 130 surrounding an interior wall 140.
- a void 150 may be formed between exterior wall 130 and interior wall 140.
- the structure may be supported by introducing a gas into void 150 which may be lighter than the ambient air surrounding the structure.
- Gas introduced into void 150 may come from any of a variety of sources.
- gas may come from a manufacturing facility 160 where gas may be manufactured for the purpose of supporting conduit 150 or the gas may be exhaust gasses from a manufacturing process at facility 160.
- the structure of the voids and conduits may vary and may include any number of and combination of voids and conduits. Also, material flow in the voids and conduits may be controlled.
- the voids and conduits there may be interconnections between the voids and conduits such that material flow may be created between the voids and conduits and/or between voids and/or between conduits.
- material flow may come from any of a variety of sources, including but not limited to a reservoir, a storage container, the atmosphere, an exhaust or waste material flow, etc.
- High altitude conduit 100 is a conduit which may exceed the height of chimneys and like structures which are built from conventional building materials like concrete, steel, glass, wood, etc. which carry considerable weight.
- conduit 100 may reach higher than one kilometer above its base.
- the conduit may be formed to reach much greater heights.
- a conduit 500 is depicted.
- Conduit 500 extends to high altitudes.
- conduit 500 extends into the stratosphere (approximately 15km to 50 km above sea level).
- conduit 500 may extend to other altitudes above or below the stratosphere.
- high altitude conduit 100 may be coupled at its base end to the surface of the earth or other planet. The surface may include but is not limited to the ground, on the water, above the ground on a supporting structure, underground, underwater, and the like.
- high altitude conduit 200 includes a first outer material layer 210 and a second interior material layer 220.
- the two material layers form a space 230 or void between the two layers.
- space 230 may be filled with a gas that is lighter than the surrounding atmospheric air. The gas may provide buoyancy to the conduit.
- the gas in space 230 may also be provided under pressure such that it helps to maintain the shape of conduit 200.
- Gas in space 230 may be vented in a variety of manners including but not limited to through seams, vents, and holes, etc.
- the gas may be provided to conduit 200 by an introducer which may be in any of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to an exhaust outlet from a manufacturing facility or other industrial business, an outlet from a gas tank or other gas producing device, etc.
- interior material layer 220 forms an elongated tube or cannula having an interior lumen 240.
- Interior lumen 240 may be used for a variety of purposes including but not limited to providing gasses and/or particulate to the atmosphere at a given altitude, providing an outlet for exhaust gasses at a given altitude.
- conduit 200 may be used as a high atmospheric chimney for a manufacturing plant.
- conduit 200 may be used to provide gasses and particulate into the atmosphere in an attempt to influence global warming or global cooling.
- gasses and/or particulate in the air may reflect incoming sunlight thereby reducing the amount of heat absorbed by the earth. Also, it has been shown that certain other gasses and/or particulate in the air may tend to trap heat close to the Earth's surface, thereby increasing the amount of heat absorbed by the Earth.
- the gas used to support conduit 100 of FIG. 1 may be any of a large variety of gasses including but not limited to hydrogen gas, helium gas, heated gas, exhaust gasses, etc.
- the introducer of the gas into the void for supporting conduit 100 may function to not only provide the gas but may also be used to pressurize the gas.
- void 230 may be closed at the top of the conduit by a cap or sheet of material which substantially couples material layer 210 to material layer 220.
- the cap or sheet of material may include one or more holes that act as vents for the void 230.
- Conduit 330 includes an outer material layer 310, and an inner material layer 320.
- Inner material layer 320 forms an annular or other closed shape to form a lumen 330.
- a void 340 is defined by outer layer 310 and inner layer 320.
- conduit 300 may be of a very elongated shape and may be formed from lightweight materials
- a reinforcement or support structure may be needed to give conduit 300 at least one of shape and strength.
- the reinforcement structure may include supporting elements coupled to at least one of outer layer 310 or inner layer 320.
- FIG. 3 depicts exemplary supporting structures 350 and 360.
- Supporting elements 350 may be cross braces formed of a lightweight material including but not limited to metals and metal alloys, composites, and plastics.
- the materials used for the supporting rib structures may be the same as those used for the conduit albeit in different shape and form.
- Structure 350 is depicted having cross braces 352 that extend between and are coupled to the inner and outer layers 310 and 320.
- the support structure 360 may comprise radially extending braces 362.
- Further other supporting configurations may be used, such as but not limited to annular ring structures coupled to at least one of outer layer 310 and inner layer 320, lengthwise rib structures, helical rib structures, etc. Any of a variety of support structures may be used to help maintain a substantially upright orientation of structure 300 and further to support payloads which may be coupled thereto.
- Conduit 100 and like conduits may be formed of any of a variety of relatively strong and lightweight materials, including but not limited to Mylar, ripstop nylon, Zylon, nanomaterials, latex, Chloroprene, plastic film, polyester fiber, etc. Other materials may similarly be used. Further materials may be combined in various combinations in order to achieve the performance characteristics required and desired. Conduit 100 may be formed of multiple layers of material and may include thermal insulation and the like.
- Support structure 400 may be a conduit, a tube, a lightweight material structure, a filamentary structure, a ribbon-like structure and the like.
- support structure 400 comprises a tube having an outer wall 410.
- Support structure 400 has an introducer which provides lighter than atmosphere gasses to the interior of the tube.
- the gas may be any of the variety of gasses which may provide buoyancy of the structure, as discussed above.
- the support structure may include but is not limited to any of a variety of supporting structures and supporting members as discussed with regard to FIG. 3.
- the tube form of support structure 400 is depicted, any of a variety of structure configurations may be used without departing from the scope of the invention.
- support structure 400 may be used to support any of a variety of equipment at any altitude up to relatively high altitudes near the top of support structure 400.
- support structure 400 may support communications equipment such as but not limited to satellite dishes 420 and 425, microwave dishes, repeaters, transceivers, antennas 460 (radio, voice communication, cellular telephone, television, video, data, etc.), routers, etc. which may benefit from being at a chosen altitude.
- support structure 400 may be used to support launching equipment and/or a launching platform 430. Such a platform may be used to launch aircraft, spacecraft, both powered and unpowered, which may benefit by being at high altitude.
- the craft launched may include both manned and unmanned vehicles. Further, craft launched may be for the purpose of launching satellites, launching gliders, launching balloons, launching missiles and projectiles, etc. Further still launching platform 430 may be used to launch weaponry such as but not limited to guns, lasers, sonic weaponry, bombs, etc.
- support structure 410 may be used to support surveillance equipment such as but not limited to a camera 440 (still or video). Further, other surveillance equipment may be used including cameras sensitive to other wavelengths of light beyond the visible spectrum, audio listening equipment and other electromagnetic radiation sensing equipment, and the like. Camera 440 may have other uses beyond surveillance including but not limited to weather imaging, art photography and videography, scientific observations, news reporting, and the like.
- lifting equipment such as but not limited to hoist 450 may be coupled to and supported, at least partially , by support structure 410. Hoist 450 may be used to carry any of a variety of payloads including but not limited to construction payloads and freight payloads.
- hoist 450 may be embodied as a crane for use in constructing structures, such as but not limited to buildings, for example skyscrapers, and other structures. Hoist 450 may also be used to deliver certain goods to other platforms on support structure 410.
- support structure 410 may be used for weather monitoring.
- weather monitoring equipment 470 may be mounted to support structure 410.
- other sensors 480 may be mounted to support structure 410 some of which may be used for atmospheric monitoring while others may be used for other monitoring and control applications such as but not limited to motion control of support structure 410, scientific monitoring for research purposes, monitoring of climatic changes, astronomical monitoring, atmospheric monitoring, remote ground or ocean monitoring, and the like.
- a platform 490 for people or other objects or devices may be supported by support structure 410.
- Platform 490 may be used for any of a variety of purposes including but not limited to recreational purposes.
- platform 490 may be used as an observation platform, for a launching platform for activities such as but not limited to parachuting, skydiving, base jumping, hang gliding, gliding, etc.
- support structure 410 may include but is not limited to a beacon 495 such as but not limited to an aircraft guidance beacon, a location beacon or location identification signal source, an aircraft avoidance system beacon such as for an ADS-B or TCAS system, and the like.
- beacon 495 may be a light source as to help aircraft collision avoidance with support structure 410.
- any combination of devices, structures, platforms, etc. may be mounted at any location along the length of support structure 410 without departing from the scope of the invention.
- other supported elements may be coupled to support structure 410 other than those depicted.
- conduit 500 is depicted.
- Conduit 500 is depicted as extending into the stratosphere.
- the tropopause which transitions the atmosphere to the stratosphere occurs at approximately 15 kilometers above sea level.
- the stratopause, which defines the upper boundary of the stratosphere occurs at approximately 50 kilometers above sea level.
- conduit 500 extends into the stratosphere.
- facility may be provided by having conduit 500 extending into the stratosphere, other heights of conduit 500 may be useful as well. For example, it may be desirable to have a conduit extend at almost any height within the troposphere. It may also be useful to have conduits which extend beyond the stratosphere.
- Support structure 600 may comprise a layer 610 which defines an elongated structure.
- Support structure 600 may be held aloft by one or more balloons 620 and 630 or other devices used to maintain support structure 600 in an upright position.
- Other such devices may include but are not limited to airfoils, parafoils, and kites or other aerodynamic lifting surfaces, propellers, rockets, and jets or other thrust providing devices.
- support structure 600 aloft includes the use of an orbital anchor and tether combination (see FIG. 9). Yet other structures for keeping support structure 600 aloft include momentum coupling to a vertically moving mass stream, such as but not limited to electric or magnetic coupling to moving projectiles or drag or thrust coupling to gas or liquid flows. Further, support structure 600 may be a double walled conduit as discussed earlier which provides additional buoyancy in combination with balloons or other lifting devices.
- the carrier such as balloons 620 and 630 contain Hydrogen gas, Helium gas, heated gas, an exhaust gas, or other lighter than atmospheric air gas.
- an introducer pressurizes the gas into a space in the one or more carrier. This pressurized gas may be carried from ground level through a tube or the like.
- a process 700 of providing a payload to an altitude includes coupling a payload to an elongate member (process 710).
- the payload may be any of a variety of payloads as earlier discussed.
- Process 700 also includes generating a lifting force for the elongate member to extend the elongate member into the atmosphere (process 720).
- the lifting force may be generated by any of a variety of systems and devise as discussed earlier. Further, process 700 may include putting the payload into service and/or taking the payload out of service.
- FIG. 8 a process 800 of providing communications between two points is depicted.
- Process 800 includes receiving a communication signal by a transceiver held aloft by a high altitude structure in response to a communication signal being sent (process 810).
- the high altitude structure is then held substantially upright by buoyant forces.
- the transceiver transmits a communication signal (process 820).
- the transmitted communication signal may then received by a receiver (process 830).
- High altitude structure 900 is formed of a material 910 that extends in a substatially upward direction.
- An orbital anchor (satellite or other orbiting body) supports material 910 by a tether 930 coupled between material 910 and orbital anchor 920.
- anchor 920 is, while anchored via tether 930 to material 910, in a geosynchronus orbit (powered or unpowered and controlled or uncontrolled) about the earth or other planetary body.
- the geosynchronus orbit would be outside of the majority of earth's atmosphere represented by line 950.
- a payload 940 (such as communication gear or any of a variety of payloads) is supported by the high altitude structure.
- Tether 930 may be formed of any of a variety of materials having a high strength to weight ratio including but not limited to carbon nanotube fibers or other nanomaterials.
- a base 960 of structure 900 may be supported on the ground, underground, underwater, in the air or, as depicted floating on a body of water 970. Allowing the base 960 to move may make it easier to control the top of the structure 900 as variance of tension of the tether 930 may occur. Also having the ability to have the base movable may be advantageous in allowing less stress on the structure itself.
- supporting electronics are coupled to the upstanding high altitude structure such that they may be supported in the atmosphere at an altitude.
- Such electronics may include but are not limited to communications equipment, sensors, weather forecasting equipment, testing and sampling equipment, surveillance equipment, etc.
- control equipment may be coupled to one or more positions along the high altitude structure. Such control equipment may be used to keep and/or place the high altitude structure at a desired position and/or move the conduit to a desired position.
- electro-mechanical system includes, but is not limited to, electrical circuitry operably coupled with a transducer (e.g., an actuator, a motor, a piezoelectric crystal, etc.), electrical circuitry having at least one discrete electrical circuit, electrical circuitry having at least one integrated circuit, electrical circuitry having at least one application specific integrated circuit, electrical circuitry forming a general purpose computing device configured by a computer program (e.g., a general purpose computer configured by a computer program which at least partially carries out processes and/or devices described herein, or a microprocessor configured by a computer program which at least partially carries out processes and/or devices described herein), electrical circuitry forming a memory device (e.g., forms of random access memory), electrical circuitry forming a communications device (e.g., a modem, communications switch, or optical-electrical equipment), and any nonelectrical analog thereto, such as optical or other analogs.
- a transducer e.g., an actuator, a motor, a piezoelectric
- electro-mechanical systems include but are not limited to a variety of consumer electronics systems, as well as other systems such as motorized transport systems, factory automation systems, security systems, and communication/computing systems.
- electro-mechanical as used herein is not necessarily limited to a system that has both electrical and mechanical actuation except as context may dictate otherwise.
- electrical circuitry includes, but is not limited to, electrical circuitry having at least one discrete electrical circuit, electrical circuitry having at least one integrated circuit, electrical circuitry having at least one application specific integrated circuit, electrical circuitry forming a general purpose computing device configured by a computer program (e.g., a general purpose computer configured by a computer program which at least partially carries out processes and/or devices described herein, or a microprocessor configured by a computer program which at least partially carries out processes and/or devices described herein), electrical circuitry forming a memory device (e.g., forms of random access memory), and/or electrical circuitry forming a communications device (e.g., a modem, communications switch, or optical-electrical
- examples of such other devices and/or processes and/or systems might include - as appropriate to context and application — all or part of devices and/or processes and/or systems of (a) an air conveyance (e.g., an airplane, rocket, hovercraft, helicopter, etc.) , (b) a ground conveyance (e.g., a car, truck, locomotive, tank, armored personnel carrier, etc.), (c) a building (e.g., a home, warehouse, office, etc.), (d) an appliance (e.g., a refrigerator, a washing machine, a dryer, etc.), (e) a communications system (e.g., a networked system, a telephone system, a Voice over IP system, etc.), (f) a business entity (e.g., an Internet Service Provider (ISP) entity such as Comcast Cable, Quest, Southwestern Bell, etc), or (g) a wired/wireless services entity such as Sprint, Cingular, Next
- ISP Internet Service Provider
- any two components so associated can also be viewed as being “operably connected”, or “operably coupled”, to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being “operably couplable”, to each other to achieve the desired functionality.
- operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and/or physically interacting components and/or wirelessly interactable and/or wirelessly interacting components and/or logically interacting and/or logically interactable components.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0919587A GB2461472A (en) | 2007-04-18 | 2008-04-18 | High altitude payload structures and related methods |
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/788,372 | 2007-04-18 | ||
US11/788,389 US8166710B2 (en) | 2007-04-18 | 2007-04-18 | High altitude structure for expelling a fluid stream through an annular space |
US11/788,372 US20080258006A1 (en) | 2007-04-18 | 2007-04-18 | High altitude structures control system and related methods |
US11/788,394 US8985477B2 (en) | 2007-04-18 | 2007-04-18 | High altitude payload structures and related methods |
US11/788,383 US20080257977A1 (en) | 2007-04-18 | 2007-04-18 | High altitude atmospheric alteration system and method |
US11/788,394 | 2007-04-18 | ||
US11/788,389 | 2007-04-18 | ||
US11/788,383 | 2007-04-18 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2008130608A1 true WO2008130608A1 (en) | 2008-10-30 |
Family
ID=39875810
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2008/004985 WO2008130608A1 (en) | 2007-04-18 | 2008-04-18 | High altitude payload structures and related methods |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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GB (1) | GB2461472A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008130608A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2021038008A1 (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2021-03-04 | Patrick Sebastian Eugene Cruft | Reducing global warning |
Citations (4)
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US3974756A (en) * | 1974-12-19 | 1976-08-17 | Long Otto V | Apparatus and method for field burning and fog or smog control |
US5182458A (en) * | 1990-06-25 | 1993-01-26 | Mcconachy Harry R | Efficient high tower wind generating system |
US6762695B1 (en) * | 2002-08-13 | 2004-07-13 | At&T Corp. | Radio tower lighting system |
US20060017809A1 (en) * | 2004-07-20 | 2006-01-26 | Carroll Mark D | Mobile monitoring system |
-
2008
- 2008-04-18 GB GB0919587A patent/GB2461472A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-04-18 WO PCT/US2008/004985 patent/WO2008130608A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3974756A (en) * | 1974-12-19 | 1976-08-17 | Long Otto V | Apparatus and method for field burning and fog or smog control |
US5182458A (en) * | 1990-06-25 | 1993-01-26 | Mcconachy Harry R | Efficient high tower wind generating system |
US6762695B1 (en) * | 2002-08-13 | 2004-07-13 | At&T Corp. | Radio tower lighting system |
US20060017809A1 (en) * | 2004-07-20 | 2006-01-26 | Carroll Mark D | Mobile monitoring system |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2021038008A1 (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2021-03-04 | Patrick Sebastian Eugene Cruft | Reducing global warning |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB0919587D0 (en) | 2009-12-23 |
GB2461472A (en) | 2010-01-06 |
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