WO2008128465A1 - System and progress for treating wet sludge by drying and incinerating - Google Patents

System and progress for treating wet sludge by drying and incinerating Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008128465A1
WO2008128465A1 PCT/CN2008/070734 CN2008070734W WO2008128465A1 WO 2008128465 A1 WO2008128465 A1 WO 2008128465A1 CN 2008070734 W CN2008070734 W CN 2008070734W WO 2008128465 A1 WO2008128465 A1 WO 2008128465A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sludge
incineration
drying
steam
wet
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2008/070734
Other languages
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Kunio Yoshikawa
Tongyu Huang
Lin Zhang
Norihiko Suzuki
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Shenzhen Eco-Solution Technology Corporation
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Application filed by Shenzhen Eco-Solution Technology Corporation filed Critical Shenzhen Eco-Solution Technology Corporation
Publication of WO2008128465A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008128465A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/001—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals for sludges or waste products from water treatment installations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
    • F26B23/02—Heating arrangements using combustion heating
    • F26B23/022—Heating arrangements using combustion heating incinerating volatiles in the dryer exhaust gases, the produced hot gases being wholly, partly or not recycled into the drying enclosure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
    • F26B23/02—Heating arrangements using combustion heating
    • F26B23/028—Heating arrangements using combustion heating using solid fuel; burning the dried product
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
    • F26B5/08—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by centrifugal treatment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B7/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes using a combination of processes not covered by a single one of groups F26B3/00 and F26B5/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/06—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2200/18—Sludges, e.g. sewage, waste, industrial processes, cooling towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/40—Valorisation of by-products of wastewater, sewage or sludge processing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an organic waste treatment device and a process, in particular to a dry incineration treatment system and a treatment process of a wet sludge. Background technique
  • Wet sludge is a by-product of sewage treatment.
  • the composition of sludge is extremely complex. It mainly contains about 80 ⁇ 90° scoop of water, and other organic materials that can be recycled, various organic substances, various trace elements and possible environment. Pathogenic microorganisms, parasitic eggs, heavy metals, etc. that cause adverse effects.
  • the decontamination and resource treatment of wet sludge is an important issue in the world's ecological environment protection.
  • the wet sludge needs to be incinerated in the incinerator at a temperature of 800 to 950 ° C, and the requirements for the equipment are relatively high and the energy consumption is relatively large.
  • the use of the device and the process has the disadvantages of large initial investment and high operating cost.
  • Japanese Patent No. 3,613,567 discloses a fuel manufacturing apparatus and a fuel manufacturing method in which high-humidity waste is placed in a specific processing vessel and is pressurized with high-pressure steam, and then the temperature and pressure in the processing vessel are maintained within a given range. At the time, the binding molecules are separated to produce a micronized fuel.
  • the apparatus and method disclosed in the practice of the patent often have a resulting fuel product containing The disadvantages of high water and inability to be used directly; and when used for the treatment of wet sludge, the obtained products are not easily dehydrated and dried by the conventional dewatering devices commonly used in the industry and the waste treatment industry, and are naturally dewatered.
  • the treatment covers a large area, especially in the large-scale treatment of waste.
  • the sewage and the vaporized gas flowing during the placement process are extremely unfriendly to the environment, and tend to produce subsequent follow-up to these deposits.
  • One processing increases processing costs.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a dry incineration treatment system and a treatment method for wet sludge, aiming at solving the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, and solving sludge resource regeneration in the manner of environmental protection, energy saving, high resource utilization, and low operating cost. problem.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is to provide a wet sludge drying incineration treatment system, comprising: a low temperature pyrolysis reaction device for performing low temperature pyrolysis reaction of wet sludge and saturated water vapor, so that The high-molecular organic matter in the wet sludge is converted into a low-molecular organic substance to destroy the sludge holding water structure; the centrifugal filtering device is used for centrifugally filtering the pyrolyzed wet sludge by mechanical separation to obtain a water content of 55 to 60°.
  • the wet sludge drying incineration treatment system provided by the present invention further comprises a steam condensing device for condensing and collecting the spent steam converted from the saturated water vapor in the low temperature pyrolysis reaction device.
  • the wet sludge dry incineration treatment system provided by the present invention further comprises a filtrate recovery device for collecting the filtrate generated by mechanically separating and dewatering the wet sludge in the centrifugal filter device, and collecting the liquid from the steam condensation device. condensate;
  • the wet sludge drying incineration treatment system provided by the present invention further comprises a drying device disposed between the centrifugal filtering device and the sludge incineration device for drying and removing moisture in the semi-dry sludge after centrifugation filtration.
  • a dry sludge type solid fuel having a water content of 10 to 40 ° is obtained.
  • the wet sludge drying incineration treatment system provided by the invention further comprises a steam condensing device
  • a gas scrubbing device is disposed between the sludge incineration device and the residual gas from the steam condensing device and/or the drying device for washing and then sent to the sludge incineration device.
  • the wet sludge drying incineration treatment system provided by the present invention further comprises a sewage treatment device for treating sewage generated by the filtrate recovery device, and/or a flue gas treatment disposed on the sludge incineration device A device for treating harmful fumes emitted from incineration.
  • the wet sludge drying incineration treatment system has a working condition of a temperature of 150 to 300 ° C and a pressure of 1.50 - 3.00 I f3 ⁇ 4.
  • a sludge drying incineration treatment process comprising the following steps:
  • the step (11) is further included: the spent steam converted from saturated steam in the low temperature pyrolysis reaction device is passed to a steam condensing device for condensation treatment.
  • the sludge drying and incineration treatment process further includes a step (21): collecting a filtrate obtained by centrifugally dehydrating the wet sludge in the centrifugal filtration device and the condensed condensate to obtain an organic-rich material. Liquid organic fertilizer.
  • the step (2,) is further included: drying the semi-dry sludge after centrifugation in the step (2) to obtain a water content of
  • the step (22) is further included: the residual gas from the steam condensing device or the drying device is washed and then sent to the sludge incineration device.
  • the wet sludge drying treatment system and the treatment process provided by the invention have the beneficial effects of: 1) environmental protection.
  • the sterilization and disinfection process is completed quickly, and the steam and dry exhaust gas are recovered and transported through the closed vessel and the pipeline through the negative pressure, and then condensed and sent to the incinerator for incineration to completely deodorize. After the semi-dry sludge is incinerated, it is completely harmless. .
  • the sludge can be converted into high-quality liquid organic fertilizer and solid fertilizer or fuel.
  • the fuel can be burned independently. It can be sent to the system incinerator to produce saturated steam. It can also be sold separately.
  • the daily processing capacity can be adjusted arbitrarily in units of 10 tons, 50 tons, 100 tons, and 200 tons, and is suitable for municipal sludge (including sewage sludge) treatment in cities of various sizes.
  • Multifunctional It is also suitable for the resource and harmless treatment of various solid organic wastes (such as kitchen waste, municipal waste, animal waste, etc.).
  • FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment of a wet sludge drying treatment system and process provided by the present invention
  • Example 2 is a process of another embodiment of a wet sludge drying treatment system and process provided by the present invention Flow chart.
  • Fig. 1 it is a process flow diagram of an embodiment of the wet sludge drying treatment system and process of the present invention.
  • the wet sludge (about 80% water) is put into a low-temperature pyrolysis reactor, and a pressure of 1. 5 ⁇ 3. 0I f, saturated water vapor at a temperature of 150-300 ° C; It is a closed horizontal pressure vessel with a stirring device.
  • the wet sludge and steam are stirred and mixed uniformly in the kettle. Under the action of heat and pressure, the solid phase structure of the organic matter in the sludge, colloidal flocs and other solid phases are destroyed.
  • the material holding water structure fully releases the physical and chemical combined water in the sludge, thereby greatly improving the dewatering and drying performance of the sludge, so that most of the water in the dewatered sludge can be liquid water by subsequent mechanical separation.
  • the form is pulled out and the other part is removed with the lack of steam.
  • the pyrolyzed wet sludge is then sent to a horizontal screw discharge filter centrifuge (other suitable centrifugal dewatering machines are also available) for dewatering, after low temperature pyrolysis of the wet sludge, in the centrifugal dewatering machine Most of the water (>70%) can be removed by centrifugal filtration.
  • the moisture content of the dehydrated mud cake (semi-dry sludge) is about 55 ⁇ 60%.
  • the centrifugally filtered mud cake is sent to a sludge incinerator for incineration together with the insoluble gas in the condensed steam, and the generated heat is generated by the heat generated by the incineration in the waste heat boiler system, and is saturated.
  • the steam is supplied to the low temperature pyrolysis reactor. In this way, through internal resource recycling, the entire system does not require additional fuel consumption during operation, which greatly reduces energy consumption.
  • the filtrate which has been removed by the centrifugal dewatering machine can be collected in a filtrate recovery device to obtain a liquid organic fertilizer rich in organic matter.
  • Example 2 is a process flow diagram of another embodiment of the wet sludge drying treatment system and process of the present invention. In this process, based on the process flow of Embodiment 1, the following devices and process steps are added:
  • a hollow paddle dryer (also optionally a fluidized bed drying device or a gas flow drying device) is provided between the centrifugal dewatering machine and the sludge incinerator for drying to remove the semi-dry sludge after centrifugation filtration.
  • the water in the obtained water is supplied to the sludge incinerator after the dried sludge-type solid fuel having a water content of 10 to 40°.
  • the saturated steam generated by the waste heat boiler is not only supplied to the low temperature cracking reactor, but also selectively supplies heat to the drying equipment for sludge drying.
  • the filtrate removed from the centrifugal dewatering machine is collected in a filtrate recovery device to obtain a liquid organic fertilizer rich in organic matter.
  • the spent steam generated by the low temperature pyrolysis reactor is sent to a steam condenser for condensation treatment, and the condensate obtained after the treatment is also collected into the above filtrate recovery device.
  • a gas scrubber is provided between the steam condenser and the sludge incinerator for washing the tail gas from the steam condenser and/or the dryer before feeding it to the sludge incinerator.
  • a sewage treatment system in the filtrate recovery device for treating harmful substances in the collected filtrate and condensate; and, in the sludge incinerator
  • a flue gas treatment system can be provided to treat the waste gas generated by incineration and then discharge it into the atmosphere for environmental protection.
  • the treatment system and process can be used not only for the drying of wet sludge, but also for the treatment of other aqueous organic wastes, medical waste, hazardous waste, liqueur, scum and kitchen waste.
  • the low temperature pyrolysis process of the present invention first improves the dewatering performance of the sludge. After low temperature pyrolysis, most of the moisture (>70%) in the 80% dewatered sludge can be removed by centrifugal filtration. 1 ton of 80% moisture wet sludge with a total water content of 800kg, which can be removed by centrifugal dehydration after low temperature pyrolysis. 570kg of liquid water in the filter, the moisture content of the filter cake is reduced to 60%. The remaining water in the filter cake is 230kg.
  • the low temperature pyrolysis process secondly improves the drying performance of the sludge.
  • the subsequent drying process can be reduced to 10% by natural air drying or blast drying under the conditions of time and time, instead of using a heating and drying process.
  • the factory operation proved that the solid fuel was prepared by low-temperature pyrolysis technology, which reduced the total energy consumption by 50% compared with the direct heating and drying of the sludge.
  • the 8% of the wet sludge is hydrothermally evaporated. Kg.
  • the sludge is dried to the same extent.
  • the consumption of natural gas is about 16 cubic meters. . Based on this, it is calculated that the low-temperature pyrolysis and heat drying of 1 ton of wet sludge by using the scheme of the present invention consumes about 38 cubic meters of natural gas before and after, which is equivalent to 46% of the direct thermal drying method and 54% energy saving.
  • each ton of wet sludge requires heat to evaporate 128 kg of water, consumes 13.7 cubic meters of natural gas, plus 16 cubic meters of natural gas consumed by pyrolysis, a total of about 29. 7 Square meter, saves 58% compared to direct thermal drying
  • the semi-dry sludge (40% ⁇ 60 ° / water) produced by the process of the invention has a calorific value up to the independent combustion requirement, and no auxiliary fuel can be added.
  • the heat generated by the incinerator is absorbed by the waste heat boiler to produce saturated steam.
  • the steam of the waste heat boiler is supplied to the low temperature pyrolysis reactor and the paddle dryer through the main steam pipe.
  • semi-dry sludge incineration is used to supply the energy required for pyrolysis and drying, and the supply is greater than demand, and the thermal energy surplus is nearly 30%. That is to say, as long as 70% of the semi-dry sludge is sent to the incinerator to meet the heat source requirements of the system, the remaining 30% of the semi-dry sludge can be used for other purposes, such as ceramsite raw materials, or power plant auxiliary fuel. Fertilizer, etc.
  • the internal circulation of the waste heat by semi-dry sludge incineration can fully meet the fuel demand of the system itself. Once the system is started, no external fuel needs to be added. The demand for external fuel is zero.
  • the direct thermal drying process the 80% wet sludge is semi-dried to 40%, and the heat consumption is converted to 71. 3 cubic meters.
  • the resulting semi-dry sludge effectively supplies heat to a natural gas of 47. 3 cubic meters.
  • the heat supply is less than the heat demand, so it is necessary to supplement the natural gas by 34 cubic meters.
  • Natural gas is based on the price of 4 yuan / cubic meter.
  • the direct drying method is more expensive than the one using the invention.
  • the fuel cost per ton of wet sludge is 136 yuan.
  • the sludge is rapidly inactivated by low temperature pyrolysis in a closed reactor. If the filtrate is treated as sewage, it can be discharged by a mature process.
  • the tail gas of the incinerator adopts the semi-dry method + active carbon adsorption + bag processing technology. At the same time, because the sludge contains less chlorine, the amount of dioxin produced is extremely small, and all pollutants are easier to control.
  • the sludge storage bins and the material transfer bins are all closed containers with a certain negative pressure to ensure no odor leakage.
  • the volatile gas and steam in the steam, dehydration and drying processes after the pyrolysis reaction are collected by the negative pressure, and the water is recovered and dissolved by the steam condenser and the gas scrubber, and the insoluble gas is not condensed. It is directly incinerated by introducing it into the sludge incinerator to thoroughly deodorize it. The entire process is carried out in a closed vacuum vessel or pipe to ensure that the odor does not spread into the workshop. Ensure that the workshop air is clean.
  • the flue gas treatment method adopts a semi-dry absorption tower, activated carbon adsorption, bag filter process, and after the netification reaches the discharge standard, it is discharged into the atmosphere through the induced draft fan and the soot.
  • the flue gas at the exit of the boiler enters the acid gas absorption tower with a large amount of soot and harmful gases, and simultaneously sprays the lime into the absorption tower to neutralize the H 1 , S [ and HF in the flue gas to form C3 ⁇ 4C12. C3 ⁇ 4SOk C&F2 particles are dropped to the bottom of the absorber.
  • Activated carbon is sprayed in front of the bag filter to absorb heavy metals and dioxins in the flue gas.
  • the filtrate obtained by dehydration by a centrifuge is rich in organic matter and contains high concentrations of potassium and nitrogen. It is a high-quality concentrated liquid organic fertilizer.

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Abstract

A system for treating wet sludge by drying and incinerating, includes low temperature pyrolysis apparatus, centrifugal apparatus, steam condenser, filtrate recovery apparatus and sludge incinerating apparatus. The corresponding treading process comprises reacting wet sludge with saturated steam at low temperature condition to carry out thermal decomposition, centrifuging the wet decomposed sludge, condensing the unsaturated steam produced by pyrolysis through condenser, collecting condensate and filtrate from centrifugal apparatus by using filtrate recovery apparatus, using the centrifugated sludge and remaining gas from steam condenser as fuel to incinerate.

Description

湿污泥干化焚烧处理***与工艺  Wet sludge drying incineration treatment system and process
技术领域 Technical field
本发明涉及一种有机废弃物处理装置与工艺， 特别涉及一种湿污泥的 干化焚烧处理***与处理工艺。 背景技术  The invention relates to an organic waste treatment device and a process, in particular to a dry incineration treatment system and a treatment process of a wet sludge. Background technique
湿污泥是污水处理过程中产生的副产品， 污泥的成分极为复杂， 主要 含有大约 80~90° 勺水分， 以及其他可被回收利用的有机质、 各类有机物、 多种微量元素以及可能对环境造成不良影响的病原微生物、 寄生虫卵、 重 金属等。 将湿污泥进行无害化、 资源化处理， 是世界范围内生态环境保护 的一个重要课题。  Wet sludge is a by-product of sewage treatment. The composition of sludge is extremely complex. It mainly contains about 80~90° scoop of water, and other organic materials that can be recycled, various organic substances, various trace elements and possible environment. Pathogenic microorganisms, parasitic eggs, heavy metals, etc. that cause adverse effects. The decontamination and resource treatment of wet sludge is an important issue in the world's ecological environment protection.
传统的湿污泥处理方法包括投海 （或直接排放）、 填埋以及堆肥化， 但 是都存在对环境的负面影响 （水质污染、 土层污染以及空气污染等） 以及 空间资源 （土地和水场） 的占用和浪费等缺点， 已经被越来越多的工业国 家所禁止或废弃。 近年来， 污泥的焚烧处理得到日益推广， 通过焚烧能将 污泥中的绝大部分有机物质和微生物处理掉， 并将污泥完全矿化， 且能达 到大规模的处理而无需占用大量的空间资源， 且对环境的负面影响相对容 易控制。 中国专利申请 OS200410086312. 5公开了一种湿污泥焚烧处理方法 及焚烧处理装置， 其将湿污泥的干燥、 焚烧和烟气无害化处理集中在单一 装置中同时进行， 简化了处理工艺； 但是该处理装置和方法中需要将湿污 泥在焚烧炉中以 800~950°C的温度进行焚烧，对设备的要求相当高而且能耗 相对较大。 采用该装置和工艺存在前期投入较大， 运行成本较高的缺陷。  Traditional wet sludge treatment methods include seawater injection (or direct discharge), landfill, and composting, but all have negative environmental impacts (water pollution, soil pollution, air pollution, etc.) and space resources (land and water fields). The shortcomings such as occupation and waste have been banned or abandoned by more and more industrial countries. In recent years, sludge incineration has been increasingly promoted. By incineration, most of the organic matter and microorganisms in the sludge can be disposed of, and the sludge is completely mineralized, and large-scale treatment can be achieved without occupying a large amount of Space resources, and the negative impact on the environment is relatively easy to control. Chinese patent application OS200410086312. 5 discloses a wet sludge incineration treatment method and an incineration treatment device, which simultaneously concentrates drying, incineration and flue gas decontamination treatment of wet sludge in a single device, and simplifies the treatment process; However, in the treatment apparatus and method, the wet sludge needs to be incinerated in the incinerator at a temperature of 800 to 950 ° C, and the requirements for the equipment are relatively high and the energy consumption is relatively large. The use of the device and the process has the disadvantages of large initial investment and high operating cost.
日本专利 JR3613567公开了一种燃料制造装置以及燃料制造方法， 是 将高湿润废弃物置入特定的处理容器中并通以高压蒸汽， 然后将处理容器 内的温度和压力在给定范围内保持给定的时间， 使结合分子分离， 而制造 微细化燃料。 实施该专利所公开的装置及方法往往存在得到的燃料产物含 水较高， 不能直接使用的缺点； 而且在用于处理湿污泥时， 得到的产物采 用传统工艺及废物处理行业常用的脱水装置均不易脱水干化， 而采取自然 放置方式脱水， 这样的放置处理一方面占地较多， 尤其是在大规模处理废 物中， 另一方面放置物在放置过程中流淌的污水和蒸发的气体对环境极不 友好， 往往会产生后续的对这些放置物的再一次处理， 增加了处理成本。 Japanese Patent No. 3,613,567 discloses a fuel manufacturing apparatus and a fuel manufacturing method in which high-humidity waste is placed in a specific processing vessel and is pressurized with high-pressure steam, and then the temperature and pressure in the processing vessel are maintained within a given range. At the time, the binding molecules are separated to produce a micronized fuel. The apparatus and method disclosed in the practice of the patent often have a resulting fuel product containing The disadvantages of high water and inability to be used directly; and when used for the treatment of wet sludge, the obtained products are not easily dehydrated and dried by the conventional dewatering devices commonly used in the industry and the waste treatment industry, and are naturally dewatered. On the one hand, the treatment covers a large area, especially in the large-scale treatment of waste. On the other hand, the sewage and the vaporized gas flowing during the placement process are extremely unfriendly to the environment, and tend to produce subsequent follow-up to these deposits. One processing increases processing costs.
发明内容 Summary of the invention
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术中的上述缺陷， 提供一种湿污泥的干 化焚烧处理***和处理方法， 以环保、 节能、 高资源利用率、 低运行成本 的方式解决污泥资源再生问题。  The object of the present invention is to provide a dry incineration treatment system and a treatment method for wet sludge, aiming at solving the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, and solving sludge resource regeneration in the manner of environmental protection, energy saving, high resource utilization, and low operating cost. problem.
本发明为解决技术问题所采用的技术方案是， 提供一种湿污泥干化焚 烧处理***， 包括： 低温热解反应装置， 用于将湿污泥与饱和水蒸汽进行 低温热解反应， 使湿污泥中的高分子有机物转换成低分子有机物， 破坏污 泥持水结构； 离心过滤装置， 用于将热解后的湿污泥进行机械分离方式离 心过滤， 获得含水率在 55~60° 半干污泥； 污泥焚烧装置， 用于将离心过 滤装置中脱水后的半干污泥用作燃料焚烧； 余热锅炉***， 用于将污泥焚 烧装置中焚烧产生的热量收集生产饱和蒸汽， 并将饱和蒸汽供给低温热解 反应装置。  The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is to provide a wet sludge drying incineration treatment system, comprising: a low temperature pyrolysis reaction device for performing low temperature pyrolysis reaction of wet sludge and saturated water vapor, so that The high-molecular organic matter in the wet sludge is converted into a low-molecular organic substance to destroy the sludge holding water structure; the centrifugal filtering device is used for centrifugally filtering the pyrolyzed wet sludge by mechanical separation to obtain a water content of 55 to 60°. Semi-dry sludge; sludge incineration device for semi-dry sludge dewatering in a centrifugal filter device for fuel incineration; waste heat boiler system for collecting heat generated by incineration in a sludge incineration plant to produce saturated steam, The saturated steam is supplied to the low temperature pyrolysis reactor.
本发明所提供的湿污泥干化焚烧处理***， 还包括蒸汽冷凝装置， 用 于将低温热解反应装置中由饱和水蒸汽转换的乏蒸汽进行冷凝收集。  The wet sludge drying incineration treatment system provided by the present invention further comprises a steam condensing device for condensing and collecting the spent steam converted from the saturated water vapor in the low temperature pyrolysis reaction device.
本发明所提供的湿污泥干化焚烧处理***， 还包括过滤液回收装置， 用于收集在离心过滤装置中对湿污泥机械分离脱水而产生的过滤液， 以及 收集来自蒸汽冷凝装置中的冷凝液；  The wet sludge dry incineration treatment system provided by the present invention further comprises a filtrate recovery device for collecting the filtrate generated by mechanically separating and dewatering the wet sludge in the centrifugal filter device, and collecting the liquid from the steam condensation device. condensate;
本发明所提供的湿污泥干化焚烧处理***， 还包括设置在离心过滤装 置与污泥焚烧装置之间的干燥装置， 用于干燥脱除经离心过滤后的半干污 泥中的水分， 获得含水率在 10~40°勺干化污泥型固体燃料。  The wet sludge drying incineration treatment system provided by the present invention further comprises a drying device disposed between the centrifugal filtering device and the sludge incineration device for drying and removing moisture in the semi-dry sludge after centrifugation filtration. A dry sludge type solid fuel having a water content of 10 to 40 ° is obtained.
本发明所提供的湿污泥干化焚烧处理***， 还包括设置在蒸汽冷凝装 置与污泥焚烧装置之间的气体洗涤装置， 用于将来自蒸汽冷凝装置和 /或干 燥装置的残余气体进行洗涤处理之后再送入污泥焚烧装置。 The wet sludge drying incineration treatment system provided by the invention further comprises a steam condensing device A gas scrubbing device is disposed between the sludge incineration device and the residual gas from the steam condensing device and/or the drying device for washing and then sent to the sludge incineration device.
本发明所提供的湿污泥干化焚烧处理***， 还包括污水处理装置， 用 于处理由所述过滤液回收装置产生的污水， 和 /或设置在所述污泥焚烧装置 上的烟气处理装置， 用于处理焚烧所排放的有害烟气。  The wet sludge drying incineration treatment system provided by the present invention further comprises a sewage treatment device for treating sewage generated by the filtrate recovery device, and/or a flue gas treatment disposed on the sludge incineration device A device for treating harmful fumes emitted from incineration.
本发明所提供的湿污泥干化焚烧处理***， 所述低温热解反应装置的 工作条件为温度 150~300°C， 压力 1.50-3.00I f¾。  The wet sludge drying incineration treatment system provided by the invention has a working condition of a temperature of 150 to 300 ° C and a pressure of 1.50 - 3.00 I f3⁄4.
一种污泥干化焚烧处理工艺， 包括以下歩骤：  A sludge drying incineration treatment process, comprising the following steps:
(1) 将湿污泥原料注入低温热解反应装置， 同时通入温度为 150~300 °C、 压力为 1.50~3.00^f¾的饱和蒸汽， 并搅拌使蒸汽与湿污泥混合均匀， 湿污泥中的高分子有机物被低温热解成低分子有机物， 破坏污泥持水结构； (1) Inject the wet sludge raw material into the low-temperature pyrolysis reaction device, and simultaneously pass the saturated steam with a temperature of 150~300 °C and a pressure of 1.50~3.00^f3⁄4, and stir to mix the steam and the wet sludge evenly. The high molecular organic matter in the mud is pyrolyzed into low molecular organic matter at a low temperature to destroy the water holding structure of the sludge;
(2) 将热解后的湿污泥送入离心过滤装置进行机械分离式脱水， 获得 含水率在
Figure imgf000005_0001
(2) The pyrolyzed wet sludge is sent to a centrifugal filter device for mechanical separation and dehydration to obtain a water content of
Figure imgf000005_0001
(3) 将来自离心过滤装置中脱水后的半干污泥送入污泥焚烧装置焚烧， 并利用焚烧产生的热量生产水蒸汽， 供给低温热解反应装置；  (3) The semi-dry sludge from the centrifugal filtration device is sent to a sludge incineration plant for incineration, and the heat generated by the incineration is used to produce steam to be supplied to the low-temperature pyrolysis reaction device;
(4) 将污泥焚烧装置中焚烧产生的热量收集在余热锅炉***中生产饱 和蒸汽， 并将饱和蒸汽供给低温热解反应装置。  (4) The heat generated by the incineration in the sludge incineration plant is collected in a waste heat boiler system to produce saturated steam, and the saturated steam is supplied to the low temperature pyrolysis reaction device.
上述污泥干化焚烧处理工艺中， 还包括歩骤（11): 将低温热解反应装 置中由饱和蒸汽转化而成的乏蒸汽通入蒸汽冷凝装置进行冷凝处理。  In the above sludge drying incineration treatment process, the step (11) is further included: the spent steam converted from saturated steam in the low temperature pyrolysis reaction device is passed to a steam condensing device for condensation treatment.
上述污泥干化焚烧处理工艺中， 还包括歩骤 (21): 将离心过滤装置中 对湿污泥离心脱水而产生的过滤液以及经冷凝处理后的冷凝液进行收集， 获得富含有机质的液体有机肥料。  The sludge drying and incineration treatment process further includes a step (21): collecting a filtrate obtained by centrifugally dehydrating the wet sludge in the centrifugal filtration device and the condensed condensate to obtain an organic-rich material. Liquid organic fertilizer.
上述污泥干化焚烧处理工艺中， 还包括歩骤 (2， )： 将歩骤 (2)中经过 离心过滤后的半干污泥进行干燥处理， 得到含水率在
Figure imgf000005_0002
In the sludge drying and incineration treatment process, the step (2,) is further included: drying the semi-dry sludge after centrifugation in the step (2) to obtain a water content of
Figure imgf000005_0002
固体燃料。 Solid fuel.
上述污泥干化焚烧处理工艺中， 还包括歩骤 (22): 将来自蒸汽冷凝装 置或干燥装置的残余气体进行洗涤处理之后再送入污泥焚烧装置。  In the above sludge drying incineration treatment process, the step (22) is further included: the residual gas from the steam condensing device or the drying device is washed and then sent to the sludge incineration device.
上述污泥干化焚烧处理工艺中， 还包括歩骤 (211): 将收集到的过滤液 以及冷凝液进行污水处理， 除去其中的有害物质。 In the above sludge drying incineration treatment process, further comprising the step (211): collecting the collected filtrate And the condensate is treated with sewage to remove harmful substances.
实施本发明提供的湿污泥干化处理***和处理工艺， 具有的有益效果 是： 1 )环保。在密闭反应釜中通过低温热解过程， 迅速完成杀菌消毒过程， 乏蒸汽及干化尾气等通过密闭容器和管道进行负压回收与传送， 经冷凝后 送焚烧炉焚烧， 彻底除臭。 半干污泥经焚烧后， 彻底实现无害化。。  The wet sludge drying treatment system and the treatment process provided by the invention have the beneficial effects of: 1) environmental protection. In the closed reactor, through the low-temperature pyrolysis process, the sterilization and disinfection process is completed quickly, and the steam and dry exhaust gas are recovered and transported through the closed vessel and the pipeline through the negative pressure, and then condensed and sent to the incinerator for incineration to completely deodorize. After the semi-dry sludge is incinerated, it is completely harmless. .
2)资源化。污泥经处理可转化为优质液体有机肥料和固体肥料或燃料， 燃料可以独立燃烧， 可以送本***焚烧炉生产饱和蒸汽， 也可以单独出售。  2) Recycling. The sludge can be converted into high-quality liquid organic fertilizer and solid fertilizer or fuel. The fuel can be burned independently. It can be sent to the system incinerator to produce saturated steam. It can also be sold separately.
3)减量化。 由污泥制得的燃料燃烧后仅形成少量灰渣， 使污泥的最终 填埋量减少 90%以上。  3) Reduction. Only a small amount of ash is formed after the fuel produced by the sludge is burned, so that the final landfill amount of the sludge is reduced by more than 90%.
4) 节能。 通过低温热解过程， 破坏有机物高分子结构、 胶状絮体等固 相物质持水结构， 大幅度改善污泥脱水干燥性能， 后续脱水干燥过程可以 省略加热烘干过程，仅通过自然风干或者鼓风干燥，即可将水分降低至 40〜 10% , 大幅减少能源消耗。 同时， 得到的干化或半干化污泥被送入焚烧装 置中用作燃料焚烧， 产生的热量用于生产蒸汽， 该蒸汽又被提供给低温热 解装置和干燥装置， 这样整套***在运作中基本不需要额外的燃料消耗， 大大降低了能源消耗。  4) Energy saving. Through the low-temperature pyrolysis process, the water-holding structure of the solid matter structure such as organic polymer structure and colloidal flocs is destroyed, and the sludge dewatering and drying performance is greatly improved. The subsequent dehydration drying process can omit the heating and drying process, only by natural air drying or drum When the air is dry, the water can be reduced to 40~10%, which greatly reduces energy consumption. At the same time, the obtained dried or semi-dried sludge is sent to an incinerator for fuel incineration, and the generated heat is used to produce steam, which is supplied to the low-temperature pyrolysis unit and the drying unit, so that the entire system is operating. Basically no additional fuel consumption is required, which greatly reduces energy consumption.
5)模块化。 日处理能力以 10吨、 50吨、 100吨、 200吨为单位可任意 调整， 适合于各种规模城市的市政污泥 （含污水厂污泥） 处理。  5) Modular. The daily processing capacity can be adjusted arbitrarily in units of 10 tons, 50 tons, 100 tons, and 200 tons, and is suitable for municipal sludge (including sewage sludge) treatment in cities of various sizes.
6) 高效益。 与烘干、 焚烧相比， 污泥处理成本明显降低。 此外， 燃料 和肥料可以上市销售， 使用效果良好， 获得良好的环境效益和经济效益。  6) High efficiency. Compared with drying and incineration, sludge treatment costs are significantly reduced. In addition, fuels and fertilizers can be marketed, used well, and have good environmental and economic benefits.
7)多功能。 同时适用于对各种固体有机废弃物（如厨余物、城市垃圾、 动物粪便等） 的资源化和无害化处理。  7) Multifunctional. It is also suitable for the resource and harmless treatment of various solid organic wastes (such as kitchen waste, municipal waste, animal waste, etc.).
附图说明 DRAWINGS
图 1 是本发明提供的湿污泥干化处理***和工艺一个实施例的工艺流 程图；  1 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment of a wet sludge drying treatment system and process provided by the present invention;
图 2是本发明提供的湿污泥干化处理***和工艺另一个实施例的工艺 流程图。 具体实施方式 实施例 1： 2 is a process of another embodiment of a wet sludge drying treatment system and process provided by the present invention Flow chart. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Example 1:
如图 1 所示， 是本发明的湿污泥干化处理***和工艺一个实施例的工 艺流程图。 此工艺中， 将湿污泥 （含水约 80% ) 投入低温热解反应釜， 同 时向釜内通入压力 1. 5~3. 0I f 、 温度 150~300°C的饱和水蒸气； 反应釜是 密闭的卧式压力容器， 内设搅拌装置； 湿污泥与蒸汽在釜内被搅拌混合均 匀， 在热力和压力的作用下， 破坏污泥中有机物高分子结构、 胶状絮体等 固相物质持水结构， 将污泥中物理性和化学性的结合水充分释放出来， 从 而大幅度改善污泥脱水与干燥性能， 使脱水污泥中大部分水分可以通过后 续的机械分离方式以液态水形式脱出， 另一部分部分随乏蒸汽而去除。  As shown in Fig. 1, it is a process flow diagram of an embodiment of the wet sludge drying treatment system and process of the present invention. In this process, the wet sludge (about 80% water) is put into a low-temperature pyrolysis reactor, and a pressure of 1. 5~3. 0I f, saturated water vapor at a temperature of 150-300 ° C; It is a closed horizontal pressure vessel with a stirring device. The wet sludge and steam are stirred and mixed uniformly in the kettle. Under the action of heat and pressure, the solid phase structure of the organic matter in the sludge, colloidal flocs and other solid phases are destroyed. The material holding water structure fully releases the physical and chemical combined water in the sludge, thereby greatly improving the dewatering and drying performance of the sludge, so that most of the water in the dewatered sludge can be liquid water by subsequent mechanical separation. The form is pulled out and the other part is removed with the lack of steam.
经热解后的湿污泥随后被送入卧式螺旋卸料过滤离心机 （也可选用其 它适当的离心脱水机） 进行脱水， 经过低温热解后的湿污泥， 在离心脱水 机的作用下以离心过滤方式即可以除去其中的大部分水分 （>70% )， 经脱 水后的泥饼 （半干污泥） 含水率约为 55~60%  The pyrolyzed wet sludge is then sent to a horizontal screw discharge filter centrifuge (other suitable centrifugal dewatering machines are also available) for dewatering, after low temperature pyrolysis of the wet sludge, in the centrifugal dewatering machine Most of the water (>70%) can be removed by centrifugal filtration. The moisture content of the dehydrated mud cake (semi-dry sludge) is about 55~60%.
经离心过滤后的泥饼， 连同经冷凝处理的蒸汽中的不溶性气体一起被 送入污泥焚烧炉中进行焚烧处理， 并在余热锅炉***中利用焚烧产生的热 量生产饱和水蒸汽， 并将饱和蒸汽供给低温热解反应釜。 这样通过内部的 资源循环利用， 整套***在运作中不需要外加的燃料消耗， 大大降低了能 源消耗。  The centrifugally filtered mud cake is sent to a sludge incinerator for incineration together with the insoluble gas in the condensed steam, and the generated heat is generated by the heat generated by the incineration in the waste heat boiler system, and is saturated. The steam is supplied to the low temperature pyrolysis reactor. In this way, through internal resource recycling, the entire system does not require additional fuel consumption during operation, which greatly reduces energy consumption.
对本实施例优化的可选实施例中， 还可经将离心脱水机脱除的过滤液 被收集在过滤液回收装置中， 获得富含有机质的液体有机肥料。  In an alternative embodiment optimized for this embodiment, the filtrate which has been removed by the centrifugal dewatering machine can be collected in a filtrate recovery device to obtain a liquid organic fertilizer rich in organic matter.
同时， 由低温热解反应釜产生的乏蒸汽被送入蒸汽冷凝器中进行冷凝 处理， 处理后得到的冷凝液也被收集到前述过滤液回收装置中。 实施例 2: 如图 2所示， 是本发明的湿污泥干化处理***和工艺另一个实施例的 工艺流程图。 此工艺中， 在实施例 1 的工艺流程基础上， 增加了如下装置 及工艺歩骤： At the same time, the spent steam generated by the low temperature pyrolysis reactor is sent to a steam condenser for condensation treatment, and the condensate obtained after the treatment is also collected into the filtrate recovery device. Example 2: 2 is a process flow diagram of another embodiment of the wet sludge drying treatment system and process of the present invention. In this process, based on the process flow of Embodiment 1, the following devices and process steps are added:
在离心脱水机与污泥焚烧炉之间设置空心桨叶式干燥机 （也可选用流 化床干燥设备或气流干燥设备等） 进行干燥， 用于干燥脱除经离心过滤后 的半干污泥中的水分， 获得含水率在 10~40°勺干化污泥型固体燃料之后再 供给污泥焚烧炉。  A hollow paddle dryer (also optionally a fluidized bed drying device or a gas flow drying device) is provided between the centrifugal dewatering machine and the sludge incinerator for drying to remove the semi-dry sludge after centrifugation filtration. The water in the obtained water is supplied to the sludge incinerator after the dried sludge-type solid fuel having a water content of 10 to 40°.
本实施例中， 由余热锅炉产生的饱和蒸汽不仅供给低温裂解反应釜， 还可选择地给干燥设备提供热量， 用于污泥干燥。  In this embodiment, the saturated steam generated by the waste heat boiler is not only supplied to the low temperature cracking reactor, but also selectively supplies heat to the drying equipment for sludge drying.
同时， 将离心脱水机脱除的过滤液被收集在过滤液回收装置中， 获得 富含有机质的液体有机肥料。  At the same time, the filtrate removed from the centrifugal dewatering machine is collected in a filtrate recovery device to obtain a liquid organic fertilizer rich in organic matter.
同时， 由低温热解反应釜产生的乏蒸汽被送入蒸汽冷凝器中进行冷凝 处理， 处理后得到的冷凝液也被收集到前述过滤液回收装置中。  At the same time, the spent steam generated by the low temperature pyrolysis reactor is sent to a steam condenser for condensation treatment, and the condensate obtained after the treatment is also collected into the above filtrate recovery device.
在蒸汽冷凝器与污泥焚烧器之间设置气体洗涤器， 用于将来自蒸汽冷 凝器和 /或干燥机的尾气进行洗涤处理之后再送入污泥焚烧炉。  A gas scrubber is provided between the steam condenser and the sludge incinerator for washing the tail gas from the steam condenser and/or the dryer before feeding it to the sludge incinerator.
在上述实施例或本发明的其他实施例中， 还可以在滤液回收装置中设 置污水处理***， 用以处理掉收集到的过滤液和冷凝液中的有害物质； 另 外， 在污泥焚烧炉上并可设置烟气处理***， 用以将焚烧产生的废气进行 处理之后再行排放到大气中， 以利环保。  In the above embodiment or other embodiments of the present invention, it is also possible to provide a sewage treatment system in the filtrate recovery device for treating harmful substances in the collected filtrate and condensate; and, in the sludge incinerator A flue gas treatment system can be provided to treat the waste gas generated by incineration and then discharge it into the atmosphere for environmental protection.
同时， 本处理***和工艺不仅可用于湿污泥的干化处理， 还可广泛用 于处理其它含水有机废弃物、 医疗废弃物、 危险废弃物、 酒渣、 果渣以及 厨房废弃物等。 本发明的***和工艺的特色与优势：  At the same time, the treatment system and process can be used not only for the drying of wet sludge, but also for the treatment of other aqueous organic wastes, medical waste, hazardous waste, liqueur, scum and kitchen waste. Features and advantages of the system and process of the present invention:
1 ) 相对于直接热干化， 节能 50%左右。  1) Energy saving is about 50% compared to direct heat drying.
本发明的低温热解过程首先改善了污泥的脱水性能。 经过低温热解后， 通过离心过滤可以除去 80%脱水污泥中大部分水分 （>70% )。 1吨 80%含 水率的湿污泥， 共含水 800kg, 通过低温热解后进行离心脱水， 可以脱去其 中的 570kg液体水， 使滤饼含水率降至 60% 滤饼中剩余含水 230kg。 而没 有经过低温热解过程， 这些水分是无法通过机械方式脱出的， 这也意味着 如果后续采用热干化方式干燥， 比直接干化法需要蒸发的水分量减少了 70 % , 能耗减少 70%。 The low temperature pyrolysis process of the present invention first improves the dewatering performance of the sludge. After low temperature pyrolysis, most of the moisture (>70%) in the 80% dewatered sludge can be removed by centrifugal filtration. 1 ton of 80% moisture wet sludge with a total water content of 800kg, which can be removed by centrifugal dehydration after low temperature pyrolysis. 570kg of liquid water in the filter, the moisture content of the filter cake is reduced to 60%. The remaining water in the filter cake is 230kg. Without the low-temperature pyrolysis process, the water cannot be mechanically removed, which means that if the subsequent drying by thermal drying is performed, the amount of water that needs to be evaporated by the direct drying method is reduced by 70%, and the energy consumption is reduced by 70%. %.
低温热解过程其次改善了污泥的干燥性能。 经过低温热解和离心过滤 后， 后续的干燥过程在场地和时间允许的条件下， 可以通过自然风干或者 鼓风干燥， 即可将水分降至 10%， 而不是必需采用加热烘干过程， 从而大 幅减少能源消耗。 工厂运行证明， 采用低温热解技术制备固体燃料， 比污 泥直接加热烘干总能耗降低 50%。  The low temperature pyrolysis process secondly improves the drying performance of the sludge. After low-temperature pyrolysis and centrifugal filtration, the subsequent drying process can be reduced to 10% by natural air drying or blast drying under the conditions of time and time, instead of using a heating and drying process. Significantly reduce energy consumption. The factory operation proved that the solid fuel was prepared by low-temperature pyrolysis technology, which reduced the total energy consumption by 50% compared with the direct heating and drying of the sludge.
两种热干化方式的能耗详细比较：  A detailed comparison of the energy consumption of the two types of thermal drying:
本发明的方案， 即低温热解法处理后再热干化， 将每吨含水率为 80% 的湿污泥经低温热解， 离心过滤后干燥至含水率 9. 8% 需要热力蒸发水分 214 kg。 而采用直接热干化法， 要将污泥干燥到同样程度， 每吨湿污泥需 要热力蒸发水分 1000X 0. 80- 200/ 0. 902X 0. 098=778 kg。 可见， 直接热干 化法的水分蒸发量是本发明方案的约 3. 64倍。  The 8% of the wet sludge is hydrothermally evaporated. Kg. In the case of direct thermal drying, the sludge is dried to the same extent. Each ton of wet sludge requires heat to evaporate water 1000X 0. 80- 200/ 0. 902X 0. 098=778 kg. It can be seen that the amount of water evaporation by the direct thermal drying method is about 3.64 times that of the present invention.
如果完全干化污泥 （含水率 10°/ 右）， 平均蒸发每吨水要消耗 887025kcal 的热量，合天然气 107立方米（按 8290kcal /立方米计）。据此， 可以算出直接热干化一吨湿污泥需要消耗天然气约 83立方米。 而在本发明 的方案中， 每吨湿污泥经过热解后再蒸发水分， 需要消耗天然气约 22立方 米。 考虑到采用本发明的方案， 处理 1 吨脱水污泥需要导入度饱和蒸汽， 蒸汽经过热解反应和热能回收等过程时能量会有一定的消耗和损耗， 根据 实践， 折合消耗天然气 16立方米左右。 据此计算出采用本发明的方案低温 热解热干化 1吨湿污泥， 前后共消耗天然气约 38立方米左右， 相当于直接 热干化法所消耗的 46%， 节能达 54%。  If the sludge is completely dried (water content 10° / right), the average evaporation of 887025kcal of heat per ton of water, 107 cubic meters of natural gas (according to 8290kcal / cubic meter). Based on this, it can be calculated that direct hot drying of one ton of wet sludge requires about 83 cubic meters of natural gas. In the solution of the present invention, each ton of wet sludge undergoes pyrolysis and then evaporates water, which requires consumption of about 22 cubic meters of natural gas. Considering the solution of the present invention, the treatment of 1 ton of dewatered sludge requires introduction of saturated steam, and the steam will undergo a certain consumption and loss of energy through the process of pyrolysis reaction and heat recovery. According to practice, the consumption of natural gas is about 16 cubic meters. . Based on this, it is calculated that the low-temperature pyrolysis and heat drying of 1 ton of wet sludge by using the scheme of the present invention consumes about 38 cubic meters of natural gas before and after, which is equivalent to 46% of the direct thermal drying method and 54% energy saving.
如果半干化到含水率 40%， 采用直接热干化法， 每吨湿污泥需要热力 蒸发水分 1000X 0. 80- 200/ 0. 60X 0. 40=666. 7kg, 消耗天然气约 71. 3立方 米； 采用本发明的方案， 每吨湿污泥需要热力蒸发水分 128 kg, 消耗天然 气 13. 7立方米， 加上热解消耗天然气 16立方米， 共消耗天然气约 29. 7立 方米， 比直接热干化法节省 58% If the semi-drying to a moisture content of 40%, the direct thermal drying method, each ton of wet sludge requires thermal evaporation of water 1000X 0. 80- 200 / 0. 60X 0. 40 = 666. 7kg, natural gas consumption of about 71. 3立立。 The use of the present invention, each ton of wet sludge requires heat to evaporate 128 kg of water, consumes 13.7 cubic meters of natural gas, plus 16 cubic meters of natural gas consumed by pyrolysis, a total of about 29. 7 Square meter, saves 58% compared to direct thermal drying
2) 半干化污泥焚烧制备蒸汽， 使***对外部燃料的需求降为零。  2) Semi-dry sludge incineration to produce steam, so that the system's demand for external fuel is reduced to zero.
假设污泥干基热值为 2800 al / kg,则采用本发明工艺产生的半干化污 泥 （40%~60°/含水）， 其热值达都到独立燃烧要求， 可以不添加辅助燃料， 直接送污泥焚烧炉燃烧。 焚烧炉产生的热量经余热锅炉吸收后产生饱和蒸 汽。 余热锅炉的蒸汽通过主蒸汽管向低温热解反应釜和桨式干燥器供汽。 在污泥低位热值 2800K:al / kg (干基） 的情况下， 采用半干化污泥焚烧供应 热解与干化的所需的能量， 供应大于需求， 热能富余近 30%。 也就是说只 要将 70%的半干污泥送焚烧炉即可满足***对热源的需求， 其余 30%左右 的半干污泥可以用作其他用途， 如作为陶粒原料， 或者电厂辅助燃料， 肥 料等。采用发明的方案， 只要污泥干基热值超过 2000 al / kg， 通过半干污 泥焚烧余热内部循环就可完全满足***自身的燃料需求， 一旦***启动运 行， 就不需要添加任何外部燃料， 对外部燃料的需求为零。  Assuming that the dry heat value of the sludge base is 2800 a / kg, the semi-dry sludge (40% ~ 60 ° / water) produced by the process of the invention has a calorific value up to the independent combustion requirement, and no auxiliary fuel can be added. Directly sent to the sludge incinerator for combustion. The heat generated by the incinerator is absorbed by the waste heat boiler to produce saturated steam. The steam of the waste heat boiler is supplied to the low temperature pyrolysis reactor and the paddle dryer through the main steam pipe. In the case of a low calorific value of 2800K: al / kg (dry basis), semi-dry sludge incineration is used to supply the energy required for pyrolysis and drying, and the supply is greater than demand, and the thermal energy surplus is nearly 30%. That is to say, as long as 70% of the semi-dry sludge is sent to the incinerator to meet the heat source requirements of the system, the remaining 30% of the semi-dry sludge can be used for other purposes, such as ceramsite raw materials, or power plant auxiliary fuel. Fertilizer, etc. According to the invention, as long as the dry heat value of the sludge exceeds 2000 al / kg, the internal circulation of the waste heat by semi-dry sludge incineration can fully meet the fuel demand of the system itself. Once the system is started, no external fuel needs to be added. The demand for external fuel is zero.
而采用直接热干化工艺， 将 80%湿污泥半干化至 40%， 需要消耗热量 折合天然气为 71. 3立方米。 而其产生的半干化污泥有效供应热量折合天然 气 47. 3立方米。 热量供应小于热量需求， 因此还需补充天然气 34立方米。 天然气按 4元 /立方米价格计， 采用直接干化法比采用本发明的方案， 处理 每吨湿污泥要多支出燃料费 136元。  In the direct thermal drying process, the 80% wet sludge is semi-dried to 40%, and the heat consumption is converted to 71. 3 cubic meters. The resulting semi-dry sludge effectively supplies heat to a natural gas of 47. 3 cubic meters. The heat supply is less than the heat demand, so it is necessary to supplement the natural gas by 34 cubic meters. Natural gas is based on the price of 4 yuan / cubic meter. The direct drying method is more expensive than the one using the invention. The fuel cost per ton of wet sludge is 136 yuan.
3) 污泥处理和除臭处理安全、 彻底， 环保程度高。  3) Sludge treatment and deodorization treatment are safe, thorough and environmentally friendly.
污泥在密闭反应器中通过低温热解， 迅速完成杀菌灭活。 过滤液如果 作为污水处理， 可采用成熟的工艺达标排放。 焚烧炉尾气采用半干法 +活 性炭吸附 +布袋的处理工艺， 同时由于污泥含氯较少， 二噁英的产生量极 小， 各项污染物都较容易控制达标。  The sludge is rapidly inactivated by low temperature pyrolysis in a closed reactor. If the filtrate is treated as sewage, it can be discharged by a mature process. The tail gas of the incinerator adopts the semi-dry method + active carbon adsorption + bag processing technology. At the same time, because the sludge contains less chlorine, the amount of dioxin produced is extremely small, and all pollutants are easier to control.
污泥储仓及物料中转仓槽， 都采用密闭容器， 并带有一定负压， 确保 无臭气泄漏。 污泥处理过程中， 热解反应后的乏蒸汽、 脱水和干燥过程的 挥发气体和蒸汽， 通过负压收集， 经过蒸汽冷凝器、 气体洗涤器后回收水 和溶解可溶气体， 不凝不溶气体导入污泥焚烧炉直接焚烧， 彻底除臭。 整 个过程在密闭负压的容器或者管道中进行， 确保臭气不会扩散到车间中， 保证车间空气干净。 The sludge storage bins and the material transfer bins are all closed containers with a certain negative pressure to ensure no odor leakage. During the sludge treatment process, the volatile gas and steam in the steam, dehydration and drying processes after the pyrolysis reaction are collected by the negative pressure, and the water is recovered and dissolved by the steam condenser and the gas scrubber, and the insoluble gas is not condensed. It is directly incinerated by introducing it into the sludge incinerator to thoroughly deodorize it. The entire process is carried out in a closed vacuum vessel or pipe to ensure that the odor does not spread into the workshop. Ensure that the workshop air is clean.
污泥焚烧后产生主要两种固体残余物， 一种是燃烬物， 又称底渣， 另 一种为锅炉烟道及布袋除尘器分离下来的飞灰及反应产物。 烟道分离下来 的飞灰、 布袋除尘器分离下来的反应物含有重金属、 二噁英等有害成份， 按危险废弃物处理。 飞灰采用气力输送汇集到飞灰贮仓， 加水泥固化成型 后转入危险废弃物处置中心填埋处理。 灰渣在炉内熔融后被冷却破碎成块 状物排出， 重金属等有害物质被固定在固相中， 因此残渣可以直接作填埋 处理。 残渣在水封槽里浸湿后排出， 工作现场绝无粉尘飞扬， 真正实现了 清洁生产。  After sludge incineration, two main solid residues are produced, one is flammable, also known as bottom slag, and the other is fly ash and reaction products separated by boiler flue and bag filter. The reactants separated from the fly ash and bag filter separated from the flue contain harmful components such as heavy metals and dioxins, and are disposed of as hazardous waste. The fly ash is collected by pneumatic conveying into the fly ash silo, and after solidification with cement, it is transferred to the hazardous waste disposal center for landfill treatment. After the ash is melted in the furnace, it is cooled and broken into pieces to be discharged, and harmful substances such as heavy metals are fixed in the solid phase, so the residue can be directly used for landfill disposal. The residue is soaked in the water seal tank and discharged, and there is no dust flying at the work site, which truly achieves clean production.
烟气处理方式采用半干式吸收塔、 活性炭吸附、 布袋除尘器流程， 净 化达到排放标准后， 再经引风机、 烟図排入大气。 锅炉出口处的烟气挟带 着大量的烟尘和有害气体进入到酸性气体吸收塔， 同时将石灰喷入吸收塔， 与烟气中的 H 1、 S〔 、 HF发生中和反应， 生成 C¾C12、 C¾SOk C&F2微粒， 掉落至吸收塔底部。 在布袋除尘器前喷入活性碳， 吸附烟气中的重金属和 二噁英。  The flue gas treatment method adopts a semi-dry absorption tower, activated carbon adsorption, bag filter process, and after the netification reaches the discharge standard, it is discharged into the atmosphere through the induced draft fan and the soot. The flue gas at the exit of the boiler enters the acid gas absorption tower with a large amount of soot and harmful gases, and simultaneously sprays the lime into the absorption tower to neutralize the H 1 , S [ and HF in the flue gas to form C3⁄4C12. C3⁄4SOk C&F2 particles are dropped to the bottom of the absorber. Activated carbon is sprayed in front of the bag filter to absorb heavy metals and dioxins in the flue gas.
对于气体洗涤等过程产生的污水， 送污水处理***。 经离心机脱水获 得的滤液， 富含有机质， 含有高浓度的钾和氮， 是优质浓縮液体有机肥料。  For sewage generated by processes such as gas washing, it is sent to a sewage treatment system. The filtrate obtained by dehydration by a centrifuge is rich in organic matter and contains high concentrations of potassium and nitrogen. It is a high-quality concentrated liquid organic fertilizer.

Claims

权利要求书 Claim
1. 一种湿污泥干化焚烧处理***， 其特征在于， 包括： A wet sludge drying incineration treatment system, comprising:
低温热解反应装置，用于将湿污泥与饱和水蒸汽进行低温热解反应，使湿 污泥中的高分子有机物转换成低分子有机物， 破坏污泥持水结构；  a low-temperature pyrolysis reaction device for performing low-temperature pyrolysis reaction of wet sludge and saturated steam, converting high-molecular organic matter in the wet sludge into low-molecular organic matter, and destroying the water-holding structure of the sludge;
离心过滤装置，用于将热解后的湿污泥进行机械分离方式离心过滤，获得 含水率在
Figure imgf000012_0001
a centrifugal filter device for centrifugally filtering the pyrolyzed wet sludge by mechanical separation to obtain a water content of
Figure imgf000012_0001
污泥焚烧装置， 用于将离心过滤装置中脱水后的半干污泥用作燃料焚烧； 余热锅炉***， 用于将污泥焚烧装置中焚烧产生的热量收集生产饱和蒸 汽， 并将饱和蒸汽供给低温热解反应装置。  a sludge incineration device for use as a fuel incineration for dewatering semi-dry sludge in a centrifugal filter device; a waste heat boiler system for collecting heat generated by incineration in a sludge incineration device to produce saturated steam, and supplying saturated steam Low temperature pyrolysis reactor.
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的湿污泥干化焚烧处理***， 其特征在于， 还包 括蒸汽冷凝装置，用于将低温热解反应装置中由饱和水蒸汽转换的乏蒸汽进行 冷凝收集。  The wet sludge dry incineration treatment system according to claim 1, further comprising a steam condensing device for condensing and collecting the spent steam converted from the saturated steam in the low temperature pyrolysis reactor.
3. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的湿污泥干化焚烧处理***， 其特征在于， 还包括过滤液回收装置，用于收集在离心过滤装置中对湿污泥机械分离脱水而 产生的过滤液， 以及收集来自蒸汽冷凝装置中的冷凝液。  The wet sludge drying incineration treatment system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a filtrate recovery device for collecting filtration generated by mechanical separation and dehydration of the wet sludge in the centrifugal filtration device Liquid, and collect condensate from the steam condensing unit.
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的湿污泥干化焚烧处理***， 其特征在于， 还包 括设置在离心过滤装置与污泥焚烧装置之间的干燥装置，用于干燥脱除经离心 过滤后的半干污泥中的水分， 获得含水率在 10~40°勺干化污泥型固体燃料。  4. The wet sludge drying and incineration treatment system according to claim 1, further comprising a drying device disposed between the centrifugal filter device and the sludge incineration device for drying and removing the centrifugally filtered The moisture in the semi-dry sludge is obtained as a dry sludge type solid fuel having a water content of 10 to 40 °.
5. 根据权利要求 2或 4所述的湿污泥干化焚烧处理***， 其特征在于， 还包括设置在蒸汽冷凝装置与污泥焚烧装置之间的气体洗涤装置，用于将来自 蒸汽冷凝装置和 /或干燥装置的残余气体进行洗涤处理之后再送入污泥焚烧装 置。  The wet sludge drying incineration treatment system according to claim 2 or 4, further comprising a gas washing device disposed between the steam condensing device and the sludge incineration device for discharging the steam condensing device And/or the residual gas of the drying device is subjected to a washing process and then sent to the sludge incineration device.
6. 根据权利要求 3所述的湿污泥干化焚烧处理***， 其特征在于， 还包 括污水处理装置， 用于处理由所述过滤液回收装置产生的污水， 和 /或设置在 所述污泥焚烧装置上的烟气处理装置， 用于处理焚烧所排放的有害烟气。  6. The wet sludge drying incineration treatment system according to claim 3, further comprising a sewage treatment device for treating sewage generated by the filtrate recovery device, and/or disposed on the sewage A flue gas treatment device on a sludge incineration unit for treating harmful fumes emitted from incineration.
7. 根据权利要求 1、 2、 4、 6中任意一项所述的湿污泥干化焚烧处理***， 其特征在于， 所述低温热解反应装置的工作条件为温度 150~300°C， 压力 1. 50-3. 0( ¾。 The wet sludge drying incineration treatment system according to any one of claims 1, 2, 4 and 6, wherein the working condition of the low temperature pyrolysis reaction device is a temperature of 150 to 300 ° C, Pressure 1. 50-3. 0 (3⁄4.
8. —种污泥干化焚烧处理工艺， 其特征在于， 包括以下歩骤： 8. A sludge drying incineration treatment process characterized by comprising the following steps:
( 1 ) 将湿污泥原料注入低温热解反应装置， 同时通入温度为 150~300°C、 压力为 1. 50~3. 00^f¾的饱和蒸汽， 并搅拌使蒸汽与湿污泥混合均匀， 湿污泥 中的高分子有机物被低温热解成低分子有机物， 破坏污泥持水结构；  (1) Injecting the wet sludge raw material into the low-temperature pyrolysis reaction device, and simultaneously introducing a saturated steam having a temperature of 150 to 300 ° C and a pressure of 1.50 to 3. 00^f3⁄4, and stirring to mix the steam with the wet sludge. Uniform, high-molecular organic matter in wet sludge is pyrolyzed into low-molecular organic matter at low temperature to destroy the water-holding structure of the sludge;
( 2)将热解后的湿污泥送入离心过滤装置进行机械分离式脱水， 获得含水 率在 55~60° 半干污泥；  (2) The pyrolyzed wet sludge is sent to a centrifugal filter device for mechanical separation and dehydration to obtain a semi-dry sludge having a water content of 55 to 60°;
( 3)将来自离心过滤装置中脱水后的半干污泥送入污泥焚烧装置焚烧， 并 利用焚烧产生的热量生产水蒸汽， 供给低温热解反应装置；  (3) The semi-dry sludge from the centrifugal filtration device is sent to a sludge incineration device for incineration, and the heat generated by the incineration is used to produce water vapor to be supplied to the low-temperature pyrolysis reaction device;
( 4) 将污泥焚烧装置中焚烧产生的热量收集在余热锅炉***中生产饱和 蒸汽， 并将饱和蒸汽供给低温热解反应装置。  (4) The heat generated by the incineration in the sludge incineration plant is collected in a waste heat boiler system to produce saturated steam, and the saturated steam is supplied to the low temperature pyrolysis reactor.
9. 根据权利要求 8所述的污泥干化焚烧处理工艺， 其特征在于， 还包括 歩骤（ 11 )：将低温热解反应装置中由饱和蒸汽转化而成的乏蒸气通入蒸汽冷凝 装置进行冷凝处理。  9. The sludge drying incineration treatment process according to claim 8, further comprising a step (11): a steam-free steam condensing device converted from saturated steam in the low-temperature pyrolysis reaction device Perform condensation treatment.
10. 根据权利要求 9所述的污泥干化焚烧处理工艺， 其特征在于， 还包括 歩骤 ( 21 )：将离心过滤装置中对湿污泥离心脱水而产生的过滤液以及经冷凝处 理后的冷凝液进行收集， 获得富含有机质的液体有机肥料。  10. The sludge drying incineration treatment process according to claim 9, further comprising a step (21): filtering the centrifugal sludge to remove the wet sludge, and after condensing the filtrate The condensate is collected to obtain a liquid organic fertilizer rich in organic matter.
11. 根据权利要求 8所述的污泥干化焚烧处理工艺， 其特征在于， 还包括 歩骤 ( 2' )：将歩骤 ( 2)中经过离心过滤后的半干污泥进行干燥处理， 得到含水 率在 10~40°勺干化污泥型固体燃料。  The sludge drying incineration treatment process according to claim 8, further comprising a step (2'): drying the semi-dry sludge after centrifugation in the step (2), A dry sludge type solid fuel having a water content of 10 to 40 ° is obtained.
12. 根据权利要求 9或 1 1所述的污泥干化焚烧处理工艺， 其特征在于， 还包括歩骤 ( 22)：将来自蒸汽冷凝装置或干燥装置的残余气体进行洗涤处理之 后再送入污泥焚烧装置。  12. The sludge drying incineration treatment process according to claim 9 or 11, further comprising a step (22): washing the residual gas from the steam condensing device or the drying device and then feeding the sewage Mud incineration device.
13. 根据权利要求 10所述的污泥干化焚烧处理工艺， 其特征在于， 还包 括歩骤 ( 211 ) : 将收集到的过滤液以及冷凝液进行污水处理， 除去其中的有害 物质。  13. The sludge drying incineration treatment process according to claim 10, further comprising a step (211): treating the collected filtrate and the condensate with sewage to remove harmful substances therein.
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