WO2008119235A1 - Système de distribution pour distribuer un média en flot, mémoire tampon de média en flot et procédé de distribution - Google Patents

Système de distribution pour distribuer un média en flot, mémoire tampon de média en flot et procédé de distribution Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008119235A1
WO2008119235A1 PCT/CN2008/000466 CN2008000466W WO2008119235A1 WO 2008119235 A1 WO2008119235 A1 WO 2008119235A1 CN 2008000466 W CN2008000466 W CN 2008000466W WO 2008119235 A1 WO2008119235 A1 WO 2008119235A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
media
streaming
slice
station
engine
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2008/000466
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Zhuzhong Xie
Junkai Chen
Jiyou Li
De Yu
Hong Tao
Ning Peng
Original Assignee
Utstarcom Telecom Co., Ltd.
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Publication date
Application filed by Utstarcom Telecom Co., Ltd. filed Critical Utstarcom Telecom Co., Ltd.
Publication of WO2008119235A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008119235A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/231—Content storage operation, e.g. caching movies for short term storage, replicating data over plural servers, prioritizing data for deletion
    • H04N21/23106—Content storage operation, e.g. caching movies for short term storage, replicating data over plural servers, prioritizing data for deletion involving caching operations

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of multimedia network communications, and more particularly to a high bit rate transmission system for distributed streaming media. Background technique
  • the present invention provides a method for intelligently managing and scheduling Cache (Cache) based on popularity statistics in a distributed streaming media system for streaming media slice sharing and distribution.
  • the distributed streaming media distribution system of the present invention is composed of a plurality of areas, wherein one area is a system headquarters, each area includes a home media station and at least one edge media station, wherein the home media station is used to store streaming media content. And performing network copy distribution to the edge media station according to the hot statistics method, and the edge media station communicates with the home media station through a network, and performs memory buffering based on user request and heat statistics. Disks store slices of the most popular streaming content to provide streaming services.
  • the area as the system headquarters further includes: a media location register for recording location information of the media content slice of the streaming media distribution system; and a media asset manager for managing the media asset of the media distribution system; and content management For the content management of the streaming media distribution system.
  • the edge media station includes: a media director, configured to receive a streaming media service request sent from the outside, determine a location of the slice of the streaming media service in the edge media station; and at least one media engine, A memory buffer for storing or storing the streaming media service, implementing a streaming service with the sliced as a streaming service unit, performing streaming service switching under the control of the media director, and implementing with a media director Slice distribution and sharing with a home media station or other edge media station,
  • the media director includes: a stream service director for receiving an externally sent streaming service request, and controlling and switching a streaming service of the media engine; a storage manager, managing all media engines in a media station The location and information of the slice of the media content stored in the disk; the intelligent cache manager, which manages the slice location and information of the media content cached in all the memory in the media station; and the DHT node manager based on the distributed hash table, The media content slice information of the memory buffer in the media station is distributed, and the slice information posted by other media stations is received.
  • the media engine includes: a streaming service unit, providing a streaming service in units of media content slices, and a streaming service director for streaming service and switching control; a memory cache management unit, implementing local content buffering in the media engine Manage and report and update cached media content slicing information to the intelligent cache manager and the DHT node manager; and a disk storage unit for storing slices of media content, and a cluster within the form media warfare under the management of the storage manager storage.
  • the slice of the media content of the memory buffer is based on the heat statistics, and the media content with relatively high heat is cached to improve the cache hit rate.
  • the media content slice buffered by each media engine in the media station, and the service switch is implemented under the control of the media director to achieve slice service sharing.
  • the media content slice of the memory buffer between the media stations realizes information sharing between the media stations by means of DHT management, and the media content slices buffered by the media stations are shared by means of copying.
  • Each of the home media station and the edge media station is an independent cluster stream server.
  • the media director is a pair of master-slave dual-backup media directors, the media engine is multiple, and multiple media engines are media engines of the same function, and the services are implemented under the control of the media director. Balanced. N2008/000466
  • the distributed streaming media distribution system includes a media station, and the streaming media is buffered in the media station based on the heat statistics.
  • the following three methods are included.
  • the memory buffer unit is a slice of the streaming media content, and the heat statistics are based on a preset heat and a long-term heat statistics mechanism.
  • the preset heat and long-term heat statistics of all slices are sorted by comparison, and the slice with the long-term heat that exceeds the preset threshold will be retained in the memory for buffering.
  • the memory buffer unit is a slice of the streaming media content, and the heat statistics are based on the frequency of the heat change.
  • the frequency of heat changes in all slices over a certain period of time is sorted by comparison, and the frequency of the heat change exceeding the preset threshold value and the top ranked slice will be retained in the memory for buffering.
  • the memory buffer unit is an aging policy based on a minimum access time in a data unit for a certain period of time and a mechanism within the slice, wherein the data element is a plurality of disk operations of the slice division unit.
  • Each data element is predicted by the recent popularity of the heat, and combined with the contextual relationship of the data elements in the slice, the heat ranking is high and the data elements that are predicted to be used due to the intra-slice association are retained in the memory. buffer.
  • the distributed streaming media distribution system includes a media station, and the media station includes a pair of media directors and at least one media engine, wherein
  • the method comprises: (1) receiving, by the media director, a step of receiving a streaming request from a user for streaming media content having a plurality of slices; (2) querying whether a slice of the streaming media content exists in the a step of querying in a media engine of the media station; (3) a step of determining whether the media engine has the capability of streaming media service if the media engine of the media station is found to be queried; 4) in the case of judging that the media engine has streaming media service capabilities, the media director selects the media engine as a streaming service engine; and (5) performs streaming services by the selected media engine Execution steps.
  • the selected media engine when the streaming service of the slice is nearing completion, notifies the media director to perform the foregoing query step, the determining step, and the determining step for the next slice.
  • the media station includes a pair of media directors and at least one media engine, wherein the method comprises: (1) selecting a pair of pairs The step of selecting the sliced streaming media content for the target media station of the streaming service; (2) Determining, by the DHT node in the media director, a determining step of one or more source media stations in which one slice of the streaming media content is located; (3) according to the DHT table result and routing location information, from the one or Selecting, from the plurality of source media stations, a request step of transmitting a copy request from the shortest media station of the target media station; (4) receiving, if the media engine of the media station has streaming media service capability, a receiving step of the copy request of the target media station; (5) a copying step of copying the slice to the media engine of the target media station; and (6) referencing the media by the target media station Learn the steps to perform the streaming service.
  • the media engine of the target media station notifies the media director to perform a determining step on the next slice, the foregoing.
  • the distributed streaming media system and the media content caching and scheduling distribution method provided by the invention can greatly improve the hit rate of the memory buffer sliced by the memory buffer, effectively reduce the access frequency of the disk 10, thereby prolonging the use of the disk. Life and ensure the reliability and stability of the system, the drawing
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing sharing of Cache slices and copying between media stations in a distributed streaming media distribution system of the present invention
  • Fig. 5 is a flow chart showing the flow of the media station of the present invention using the Cache integrated management and scheduling method. detailed description
  • Figure 1 is a distributed streaming media distribution system based on the network topology architecture, which can implement multi-level streaming media distribution and services.
  • the distributed streaming media distribution system is composed of multiple regions (ie, region 1 to region n ), and one region can serve as a system headquarters.
  • region 1 is a system headquarters.
  • a home media station 20 and a plurality of edge media stations 30 a1 - 30 an communicating therewith using a network are included.
  • the above-mentioned home media station 20 and edge media stations 30 a1 - 30 an each include a pair of media directors (abbreviation: MD) A and a plurality of media engines (abbreviation: ME) B a1 ⁇ B an , such as media engine B a1 , the media engine B a2 until the media engine Ban .
  • each edge media station 30 a1 - 30 an is a separate cluster stream server.
  • the area 1 is the system headquarters, and the area 1 additionally includes: a location information media location register (MLR) 11 for recording the media content slice of the streaming media distribution system, compared with other areas not serving as the system headquarters; A Media Asset Manager (MAM) 12 that manages media assets of the streaming media distribution system; and a Content Manager (CM) 13 for content management of the streaming media distribution system.
  • MLR location information media location register
  • MAM Media Asset Manager
  • CM Content Manager
  • the media director A is configured to receive an externally sent streaming service, and query the slice of the streaming media file at the edge media station 30 a1 through an intelligent cache manager (which will be specifically described below as "smart cache manager") Whether it exists within ⁇ 30 an , and if so, determines the location of the edge media station; media engine B a1 - 8 3 .
  • the media director A may preferably be a master/slave dual backup media director. So when the main media director fails, the media director can seamlessly receive the service and the user to ensure the reliability of the system.
  • the media engines B a1 ⁇ B an are a set of balanced media engines, that is, they are media engines with the same function, and the services of each media engine B a1 ⁇ Ban are made under the scheduling of the media director A. The load is quite equal to avoid some media engines being too busy and some media engines being too idle to achieve a balanced effect.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the present invention using a smart Cache manager and a flow service switching control flow in a media station.
  • each edge media station 30 a1 ⁇ 30 an uses its multiple media engines B a1 - B an respectively to cache (cache) multiple slices of hot streaming media files based on popularity statistics.
  • the entry area provides the ability to provide up to tens of thousands of streaming services. 08 000466
  • the media director A includes: a stream service director 43 for receiving an externally sent streaming service request, and controlling and switching the streaming service of the media engine; the storage manager 44, managing all the media stations The location and information of the sliced media content of the disk storage in the media engine; the intelligent cache manager 41, which manages the slice location and information of the media content cached in all the memory in the media station; and, based on the distributed hash table (Distributed)
  • the DHT node manager 42 of the Hash Table is configured to distribute the media content slice information of the memory buffer in the media station, and receive the slice information posted by other media stations.
  • the media engines B a1 ⁇ B an each include a disk storage area (shown as Disk in FIG. 2 ) D a1 - D am , a Cache unit (shown as Cache in FIG. 2 ) C a1 ⁇ C am , and a stream service unit La 1 ⁇ L au , the Cache unit ⁇ 31 - ⁇ ⁇ implements local content buffer management within a media engine, and reports and updates the buffered media content slice information to the intelligent cache manager 42 and the DHT node manager 41.
  • the stream service units La1 to Lam provide a stream service in units of media content slices, and cooperate with the stream service director to perform stream service and handover control.
  • the media engine B a1 ⁇ B an can be developed to more than 100 by the user scale of the tile.
  • the intelligent Cache Manager 42 performs Cache management and scheduling of Cache units C a1 - C am in each media engine based on the heat statistics to the Cache unit C a1 -
  • the slice information of the streaming media file of C am is shared, and the cluster flow in the edge media stations 30 a1 - 30 an is realized through the combination of the streaming service switching and control mechanism and the distributed storage management between the media engines B a1 - B an service.
  • the media director A and the intelligent Cache manager 42 are all implemented by software modules, and the media engines B a1 to B an are also implemented by software modules.
  • the DHT (Distributed Hash Table) refers to a distributed hash table.
  • the hash table is a common data indexing method. DHT distributes it to different places, that is, there is one in each DHT contact.
  • the DHT table is used to receive information published by adjacent DHT nodes to form a network to share information.
  • the above three methods of Cache management and scheduling based on heat statistics include the following three methods. More specifically, (1) based on the preset heat and long window heat statistics, to achieve the cache of the most enthusiastic streaming media files. This method is based on the preset heat and long window statistical heat results, and caches the most popular streaming media files in the form of slices in multiple media engines in the media station, and has the highest Cache among the three methods. Priority, this type of streaming media file is mainly the latest release of popular movies and ratings Good, popular streaming programs for a long time; (2) Slices of the latest and hottest streaming media files based on the hot frequency change Cache.
  • This method quickly captures the slice of the most popular streaming media file with the change of the heat frequency, and has a medium Cache priority in three ways.
  • the streaming media file is mainly a live broadcast program or a related VOD caused by an unexpected event.
  • the broadcast of the program (3) Cache management and scheduling when the heat statistics or heat frequency of the streaming media file does not reach the modes (1) and (2).
  • This method adopts the mechanism of the least-access aging policy and the association mechanism in the streaming file segment in units of data elements (the slice of the streaming media file is divided into several disk operation units, which are called "data elements"), and is cached as much as possible. It also retains those data elements that have a streaming file segment association and a high frequency of recent access, and a limited elimination of those unrelated and recently accessed data.
  • the smart Cache manager 42 queries and determines that the slice 1 is in the media engine In B a1 , and based on the media engine B a1 having the capability of performing streaming service, the media engine B a1 is selected by the media director A to execute the streaming service 1; again, when the streaming service of the slice 1 is nearing completion, B a1 streaming media service engine sections near the end of a message back to the media director a, a and query the media director next slice through intelligent Cache manager 42 (i.e.
  • the home media station a, the home media station b, and the home media station c can directly communicate with each other. More specifically, the home media station a comprises an edge media station 1, an edge media station 2 and an edge media station 3; the home media station b comprises an edge media station 4, an edge medium 0466
  • the body station 5 and the edge media station 6; the home media station c includes an edge media station 7, an edge media station 8, and an edge media station 9.
  • the information contained in the DHT node of the home media station a is shared with the DHT nodes of the edge media stations 1, 2 and 3, belonging to
  • the information contained in the DHT node of media station b is shared with the DHT nodes of edge media stations 4, 5 and 6, and the information contained in the DHT nodes of home media station c is shared with the DHT nodes of edge media stations 7, 8 and 9.
  • the edge media station 1 When the edge media station 1 has information that the Cache addition or deletion needs to be published by the DHT node, it can only be distributed to the home media station a to which it belongs, and the home media station a goes to the edge media station 1 other than the distribution source.
  • the edge media stations 2 and 3 publish the information added or deleted by the Cache, at the same time, the home media station a is also released to the home media stations b and c directly connected thereto, and it should be noted that when the edge media stations 2 and 3 Upon receipt of the information posted by the home media station a, the transmission ceases, and the home media stations b and c continue to publish to their respective affiliated edge media stations. More specifically, the home media station b is issued to the edge media stations 4, 5 and 6, and the home media station c is issued to the edge media stations 7, 8 and 9.
  • the home media stations b and c no longer publish the information published by the home media station a, that is, if the source is not the edge media station to which the home media station belongs or itself The home media station will not release information to other home media stations. It can be seen that the Cache content information sharing between the media as shown in FIG. 3 has the characteristics of high flexibility and scalability, and the use of shared information does not need to be searched, and the traditional centralized management bottleneck can be avoided. problem.
  • Figure 4 is a diagram showing the distributed streaming media distribution system of the present invention sharing slices and realizing copies between media station Caches.
  • the home media station a corresponds to the edge media station a1, the edge media station a2, and the edge media station t >
  • the streaming file of the user requesting the streaming service include slice 1, slice 2 and slice m
  • slice 1 is cached in the media engine of edge media station a1
  • slice 2 is cached in the media engine of edge media station b1
  • slice m cache In the media engine belonging to media station a.
  • slice m is cached in the media engine of the home media station a instead of the edge media station a1 or b1, the process of copying the slice is exactly the same as slice 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the flow of a streaming service performed by the media station of the present invention by using a Cache integrated management and scheduling method
  • the edge media station combines the Cache management and scheduling methods of the streaming service between the media station and the media station to perform the service of the streaming media file.
  • the specific implementation process may be embodied by the following steps:
  • the media director of the edge media station receives the streaming media request of the user (step S500);
  • step S502 the smart cache manager looks up the next slice of the streaming media file (step S502), the smart cache manager is in the media director of the edge media station;
  • step S506 if the slice is in a media engine of the edge media station, determining whether the media engine has the capability to perform a streaming service
  • step S508 in the case that the media engine has the capability of performing a streaming service, specifying a media engine that caches the slice to perform a streaming service (step S508);
  • step S510 returning to the smart cache manager when the streaming service for the slice is about to end (step S510) and performing step (2);
  • step S512 if the media engine in step (b) does not have the capability to perform streaming services, select a media engine having streaming service capability and cache space for copying (step S512);
  • step S566 When the streaming service is about to end, it returns to the intelligent cache manager (step S516) and performs step (2).
  • the slice is not in the edge media station, T/CN2008/000466
  • step S518 (i) querying the home media station and all of the edge media stations to which it belongs based on the DHT node (step S518);
  • step S526 if the slice does not exist in the upper home media station and the edge media station, then read from the storage system, and select the media engine that cached the slice to perform streaming service (step S526), and then return to step (2);
  • step S522 if the slice exists in the home media station or the edge media station, transmitting a copy request to the media station having the slice (step S522);
  • step (vii) If the service is not licensed, proceed to step (iii).
  • the Cache content information sharing in the media station avoids the inefficiency of the traditional centralized management information search, and further, the Cache content sharing is realized through network copying, thereby reducing disk IO access and improving the hard disk. The purpose of the service life.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
  • Information Retrieval, Db Structures And Fs Structures Therefor (AREA)
  • Information Transfer Between Computers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de distribution pour distribuer un média en flot. Une tranche de contenu de média en flot est mise dans une mémoire et est stockée sur un disque magnétique sur la base de statistiques à chaud. Le partage de la tranche de contenu de média est réalisé dans une station de média et, parmi des stations de média, par une distribution intelligente et une configuration d'utilisateurs sur la base de statistiques à chaud. Lorsqu'un service de média est fourni à autant d'utilisateurs que possible, un flux de réseau et une fréquence d'accès à un disque sont réduits à une valeur aussi faible que possible. Trois procédés de mise en mémoire pour le système basé sur des statistiques à chaud et le procédé de distribution dans lequel la tranche de contenu de média sert en tant qu'unité de mémorisation de mémoire distribuée dans une station de média et parmi des stations de média sont également proposés. En utilisant l'invention, le taux de réussite de mémoire tampon pour un contenu de média est fortement augmenté, une fréquence d'accès en entrée/sortie de disque est réduite efficacement, ainsi la durée de vie utile du disque est prolongée, la fiabilité et la stabilité du système sont augmentées.
PCT/CN2008/000466 2007-03-30 2008-03-10 Système de distribution pour distribuer un média en flot, mémoire tampon de média en flot et procédé de distribution WO2008119235A1 (fr)

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CN200710096229A CN100579208C (zh) 2007-03-30 2007-03-30 分布式流媒体分发***及流媒体内存缓冲及调度分发方法
CN200710096229.X 2007-03-30

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