WO2008115086A1 - Process of cork pre-expansion by submission to microwave radiation and resulting product thereof - Google Patents

Process of cork pre-expansion by submission to microwave radiation and resulting product thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008115086A1
WO2008115086A1 PCT/PT2008/000012 PT2008000012W WO2008115086A1 WO 2008115086 A1 WO2008115086 A1 WO 2008115086A1 PT 2008000012 W PT2008000012 W PT 2008000012W WO 2008115086 A1 WO2008115086 A1 WO 2008115086A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cork
expansion
microwave radiation
submission
stage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/PT2008/000012
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Helena Margarida Nunes Pereira
Rui Luis Gonçalves dos REIS
Susana Pinto Araújo da Silva Estima Martins
Antonio Jorge Velez Marques
Original Assignee
Amorim Cork Composites, S.A.
Amorim Isolamentos, S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Amorim Cork Composites, S.A., Amorim Isolamentos, S.A. filed Critical Amorim Cork Composites, S.A.
Priority to AT08724036T priority Critical patent/ATE530310T1/en
Priority to EP08724036A priority patent/EP2125310B1/en
Priority to ES08724036T priority patent/ES2376152T3/en
Publication of WO2008115086A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008115086A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K7/00—Chemical or physical treatment of cork
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
    • B27K5/003—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00 by using electromagnetic radiation or mechanical waves
    • B27K5/0055—Radio-waves, e.g. microwaves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K2240/00—Purpose of the treatment
    • B27K2240/10—Extraction of components naturally occurring in wood, cork, straw, cane or reed

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process, and to the resulting material, that allows the volumetric expansion of cork without using substances foreign to the cork system. More precisely, it relates to a process that consists in submitting cork to microwave radiation, obtaining a more bulky material and consequently increasing its yield and reducing its specific weight.
  • the European patent no. EP1677386 claims that wood, a material different from cork but also lignocellulosic, can be submitted to microwave radiations in order to destroy insects, parasites or their larvae.
  • the international patent no. WO03002923 describes the use of microwave radiation for fast wood drying, increasing additionally its permeability. In that case, the use of microwaves radiation is applied for wood cleaning, so its scope is not within the present application.
  • Microwave radiations are also used to cure polymers such as latex, as described in the Spanish patent no. ES2019514, or to cure resins for the production of wood derivatives, as described in the international patent no. WO9823132. Again, the scope of these inventions is different from the present application.
  • cork can be described as a homogeneous tissue of thin cells, without space between them, and an alveolar structure similar to a honeycomb.
  • the cork cells show diverse shapes depending if observed on the radial direction ( Figure 1) or in a perpendicular direction to radial, i.e., axial or tangential ( Figure 2) .
  • the closed structure of cork cells and the presence of air inside determine the low specific weight of cork, as well as some of its mechanical properties.
  • the specific weight of cork might however show a significant variability, between 120kg.rtf 3 and 240kg.irf 3 , as described by M.
  • volumetric increase in the three spatial directions
  • the volumetric increase in the three spatial directions
  • the present application describes a process capable of promoting cork expansion without using external substances to the cork system. Subsequently, the produced cork might be submitted to standard cork industrial processes.
  • This process can be used in continuous or non-continuous mode and has three stages, the first stage being the dosing of the material, followed by the expansion stage, and finally the discharge stage or preferably cooling and discharge.
  • the dosing stage intends to feed continuously and over time the expansion zone and can be done using a feeding endless screw or a conveyor.
  • the expansion stage should ensure the contact of the product to the action of the microwave radiation by a conveyor or dielectric containers such as for example, fibber glass, wood, plywood, among others.
  • the radiation power should range between 200 watt and 1000 watt, preferably between 400 watt and 800 watt.
  • the exposure time to the microwave radiation should be between 10 seconds and 5 minutes, preferably between 15 seconds and 2 minutes or even more preferably between 15 seconds and 50 seconds.
  • the collecting stage could be performed using an endless screw that might have a sealant "lock", a manual or electropneumatic plate valve or a conveyor.
  • the samples should have a humidity higher than 5%, which can be achieved by immersion in water at temperature ranging between 25 0 C and 100 °C or by autoclave at temperatures between 100 °C and 150 °C.
  • the dosing stage aims to feed the microwave chamber and can be performed using a feeding endless screw that may have a dosing sealant "lock" or a manual or electropneumatic plate valve or a conveyor.
  • the cork expansion stage will occur inside a closed chamber made of a dielectric material such as, for example, glass fibber, wood, plywood, among others.
  • the radiation power should range between 200 watt and 1000 watt, preferably between 400 watt and 800 watt.
  • the exposure time to the microwave radiation should be between 10 seconds and 5 minutes, preferably between 15 seconds and 2 minutes or even more preferably between 15 seconds and 50 seconds.
  • the expansion stage by submission to microwave radiation can be performed in one or more cycles.
  • the product collecting stage in the non-continuous process for cork expansion by submission to microwave radiation can be performed using an endless screw that may have a sealant "lock” or a manual or electropneumatic plate valve or a conveyor. During the expansion, process by submission to microwave radiation the presence of moisture is crucial for the expansion to occur. Product resulting from the pre-expansion. process
  • the present application seeks to demonstrate the increase of the cork dimensions and consequently the decrease of its specific weight after submission to microwave radiation.
  • the cork can be submitted to this pre-expansion process independently of its shape, origin, quality or pre-treatments already performed, namely, falca cork, virgin or reproduction cork, cork planks, cork residues (resulting from stopper production or cork plank transformation) , grinded cork, granulated cork or cork powder, any of them boiled or not boiled.
  • the increase on cork dimensions after being submitted to microwave radiations with controlled moisture, has two effects: promotes a yield increase of the material, i.e., less material used for the same application; and promotes an increase of the material quality, due to the reduction in specific weight. These two aspects represent commercial benefit.
  • cork material such as falca cork, virgin or reproduction cork, cork planks, cork residues (resulting from stopper production or cork plank transformation) , grinded cork, granulated cork or cork powder, any of them boiled or not boiled, shows an increase on its dimensions between 40% and 85%, when submitted to a pre-expansion process by submission to microwave radiation such as above described. This fact implies the reduction of its specific weight. It should be emphasized that in addition to the increase on the material yield (higher volume of cork after the treatment) , the cork with lower specific weight presents higher economical value.
  • Example 1 Cork expansion by submission to microwave radiation.
  • Cubic shaped cork samples were submitted to microwave radiation with 550 watt power. One group of samples was exposed for 25 seconds whereas another group was exposed to five cycles of 5 seconds each. The observed expansions were, respectively, 48% and 46%, emphasizing the importance of the exposure time and not the operation mode (continuous or several cycles) .
  • Example 2 Cork expansion with different humidity by submission to microwave radiation.
  • Cubic shaped cork samples were submitted to microwave radiation with 550 watt power. A group of samples with 1.4% of humidity presented, after treatment, a volumetric expansion of
  • Cubic shaped cork samples were submitted to microwave radiation, after immersion in water at different temperatures and for different time periods.
  • the results of the expansion and the detailed conditions are presented in Figure 3. Besides showing the microwave radiation effect on the volumetric increase of cork samples, expansion between 40% and 65%, these results allow to conclude that humidification by immersion in water is a possible method to be used, the immersion water temperature having a positive effect on the cork volumetric expansion.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

This invention describes a process of pre-expansion by submission to microwave radiation, capable of promoting cork expansion without using foreign substances to the cork system. The expansion achieved by this pre-expansion process shows values that can range between 40% and 85%. The expansion of cork by this pre-expansion process by submission to microwave radiation is achieved in any cork material independently of its shape, origin, quality or pre-treatments already performed, namely, falca cork, virgin or reproduction cork, cork planks, cork residues (resulting from stopper production or cork plank transformation), grinded cork, granulated cork or cork powder, any of them boiled or not boiled, resulting a new cork material with improved properties. The present invention also presents the modifications of the new cork material particularly through the volumetric increase after treatment.

Description

"PROCESS OF COSK PRE-EXPANSION BY SUBMISSION TO MICROWAVE RADIATION AND RESULTING PRODUCT THEREOF"
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a process, and to the resulting material, that allows the volumetric expansion of cork without using substances foreign to the cork system. More precisely, it relates to a process that consists in submitting cork to microwave radiation, obtaining a more bulky material and consequently increasing its yield and reducing its specific weight.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In general, to promote the expansion of cork or cork derivatives, water or water vapour is used at different stages of its workup process. The applicant has already developed an improved method of expansion by water vapour.
The expansion of cork from values of 70% to 220%, shown in the Portuguese Patent PT101215, is performed by the use of organic solvents in autoclave.
Another way of achieving expansion of cork or of different cork derivatives is the processing by microwaves. Microwave radiations can be used on cork as a way of cork sterilization or decontamination, as described in the international patent no. WO9937334. On the other hand, the German patent no. DE019523 refers in addition to the possibility of sterilization, the elimination of 2, 4, 6-trichloroanisol (known as TCA). The elimination of parasites, insects, bacteria or fungi by the action of microwave radiation is disclosed in the international patent no. WO2006021231. The purpose in both patents is to clean the cork, so it is not in the scope of the present application.
The European patent no. EP1677386 claims that wood, a material different from cork but also lignocellulosic, can be submitted to microwave radiations in order to destroy insects, parasites or their larvae. Moreover, the international patent no. WO03002923, describes the use of microwave radiation for fast wood drying, increasing additionally its permeability. In that case, the use of microwaves radiation is applied for wood cleaning, so its scope is not within the present application.
Microwave radiations are also used to cure polymers such as latex, as described in the Spanish patent no. ES2019514, or to cure resins for the production of wood derivatives, as described in the international patent no. WO9823132. Again, the scope of these inventions is different from the present application.
Concerning the cork material obtained by the process herein, it is also important to emphasize the volumetric increase effect observed on the specific weight.
Microscopically, cork can be described as a homogeneous tissue of thin cells, without space between them, and an alveolar structure similar to a honeycomb. The cork cells show diverse shapes depending if observed on the radial direction (Figure 1) or in a perpendicular direction to radial, i.e., axial or tangential (Figure 2) . The closed structure of cork cells and the presence of air inside determine the low specific weight of cork, as well as some of its mechanical properties. The specific weight of cork might however show a significant variability, between 120kg.rtf3 and 240kg.irf3, as described by M. Fortes in the Boletim do Instituto dos Produtos Florestais - Cortiςa, 1988, pages 65-68. This variability is essentially related to the cell dimensions (height and thickness of wall), corrugation of cell walls and quantity of lenticels. It should be emphasized that lower values of cork specific weight represent higher economical value.
Given the mathematical relation between volume and specific weight (inversely proportional), the volumetric increase (in the three spatial directions) observed in samples submitted to microwave treatment, and with maintenance of the initial mass, represents the gain achieved by this process in the cork specific weight.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention description is supported by: - Figure 1 and Figure 2, which show a scheme of the radial and axial/tangential directions of cork cells, respectively.
- Figure 3, which shows a table with the operational conditions and the expansion results of cork samples by submission to microwave radiation, after humidification by water immersion. - Figure 4, which shows a table with the operational conditions and the expansion results of cork samples by submission to microwave radiation, after humidification in autoclave.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present application describes a process capable of promoting cork expansion without using external substances to the cork system. Subsequently, the produced cork might be submitted to standard cork industrial processes.
This process can be used in continuous or non-continuous mode and has three stages, the first stage being the dosing of the material, followed by the expansion stage, and finally the discharge stage or preferably cooling and discharge.
In the case of a continuous process for cork expansion by submission to microwave radiation, the dosing stage intends to feed continuously and over time the expansion zone and can be done using a feeding endless screw or a conveyor. The expansion stage should ensure the contact of the product to the action of the microwave radiation by a conveyor or dielectric containers such as for example, fibber glass, wood, plywood, among others. The radiation power should range between 200 watt and 1000 watt, preferably between 400 watt and 800 watt. The exposure time to the microwave radiation should be between 10 seconds and 5 minutes, preferably between 15 seconds and 2 minutes or even more preferably between 15 seconds and 50 seconds. The collecting stage could be performed using an endless screw that might have a sealant "lock", a manual or electropneumatic plate valve or a conveyor. During the expansion, process by submission to microwave radiation the presence of moisture is crucial for the expansion to occur. The samples should have a humidity higher than 5%, which can be achieved by immersion in water at temperature ranging between 25 0C and 100 °C or by autoclave at temperatures between 100 °C and 150 °C.
In the case of a non-continuous process for cork expansion by submission to microwave radiation, the dosing stage aims to feed the microwave chamber and can be performed using a feeding endless screw that may have a dosing sealant "lock" or a manual or electropneumatic plate valve or a conveyor. The cork expansion stage will occur inside a closed chamber made of a dielectric material such as, for example, glass fibber, wood, plywood, among others. The radiation power should range between 200 watt and 1000 watt, preferably between 400 watt and 800 watt. The exposure time to the microwave radiation should be between 10 seconds and 5 minutes, preferably between 15 seconds and 2 minutes or even more preferably between 15 seconds and 50 seconds. The expansion stage by submission to microwave radiation can be performed in one or more cycles. When performed on several cycles, this number might range between 2 and 15, preferably between 2 and 5. The time period of each of these cycles could range between 2 seconds and 15 minutes, preferably between 2 seconds and 1 minute. The product collecting stage in the non-continuous process for cork expansion by submission to microwave radiation can be performed using an endless screw that may have a sealant "lock" or a manual or electropneumatic plate valve or a conveyor. During the expansion, process by submission to microwave radiation the presence of moisture is crucial for the expansion to occur. Product resulting from the pre-expansion. process
The present application seeks to demonstrate the increase of the cork dimensions and consequently the decrease of its specific weight after submission to microwave radiation.
The cork can be submitted to this pre-expansion process independently of its shape, origin, quality or pre-treatments already performed, namely, falca cork, virgin or reproduction cork, cork planks, cork residues (resulting from stopper production or cork plank transformation) , grinded cork, granulated cork or cork powder, any of them boiled or not boiled.
The increase on cork dimensions, after being submitted to microwave radiations with controlled moisture, has two effects: promotes a yield increase of the material, i.e., less material used for the same application; and promotes an increase of the material quality, due to the reduction in specific weight. These two aspects represent commercial benefit.
RESULTS
The submission of cork to a pre-expansion process by microwave radiation for time periods between 5 seconds and 5 minutes, results in expansion of the initial material between 40% and 85%. During this process, no expansion in samples with less than 5% of humidity was observed.
The cork material such as falca cork, virgin or reproduction cork, cork planks, cork residues (resulting from stopper production or cork plank transformation) , grinded cork, granulated cork or cork powder, any of them boiled or not boiled, shows an increase on its dimensions between 40% and 85%, when submitted to a pre-expansion process by submission to microwave radiation such as above described. This fact implies the reduction of its specific weight. It should be emphasized that in addition to the increase on the material yield (higher volume of cork after the treatment) , the cork with lower specific weight presents higher economical value.
Application examples of the pre-expansion process and respective results are presented herein below:
- Example 1 : Cork expansion by submission to microwave radiation.
Cubic shaped cork samples were submitted to microwave radiation with 550 watt power. One group of samples was exposed for 25 seconds whereas another group was exposed to five cycles of 5 seconds each. The observed expansions were, respectively, 48% and 46%, emphasizing the importance of the exposure time and not the operation mode (continuous or several cycles) .
- Example 2 : Cork expansion with different humidity by submission to microwave radiation.
Cubic shaped cork samples were submitted to microwave radiation with 550 watt power. A group of samples with 1.4% of humidity presented, after treatment, a volumetric expansion of
0.6%. Another group of samples with 7-10% of humidity presented, after treatment, a volumetric expansion of 40-45%. This example emphasizes the importance of moisture in the samples for the expansion to occur.
- Example 3 ; Cork expansion by submission to microwave radiation after humidification by water immersion.
Cubic shaped cork samples were submitted to microwave radiation, after immersion in water at different temperatures and for different time periods. The results of the expansion and the detailed conditions are presented in Figure 3. Besides showing the microwave radiation effect on the volumetric increase of cork samples, expansion between 40% and 65%, these results allow to conclude that humidification by immersion in water is a possible method to be used, the immersion water temperature having a positive effect on the cork volumetric expansion.
- Example 4 : Cork expansion by submission to microwave radiation after autoclave humidification
Samples of virgin and amadia cork, with cubic shape, were submitted to microwave radiation, after autoclave humidification for different time periods. The results of the expansion and the detailed conditions are presented in the table of Figure 4. In addition of showing the effect of microwave radiation in cork volumetric increase, these results of expansion between 40% and 85%, make possible to conclude that the humidification in autoclave is a possible method to adopt, the virgin cork showing higher values of expansion when compared with amadia cork. The process of cork pre-expansion by submission to microwave radiation and resulting products described above can be subjected to many modifications and variations performed by a person skilled in the art in order to adjust to specific requirements, which are within the scope of the present invention, as defined by the following claims.

Claims

1. Process for pre-expansion of cork by submission to microwave radiation characterised in that it comprises the following stages: a) dosing, comprising cork feeding with a humidity higher than 5% to the expansion zone, b) expansion by the action of microwave radiation, and c) discharge of the expanded cork.
2. Process for pre-expansion of cork according to claim 1 characterised in that, in the expansion stage a microwave radiation of 200 to 1000 Watt power is applied for a period of about 10 seconds to 5 minutes.
3. Process for pre-expansion of cork according to claim 1 characterised in that, in the expansion stage a microwave radiation of 400 to 800 Watt power is applied for a period of about 15 seconds to 2 minutes.
4. Process for pre-expansion of cork according to claim 1 characterised in that, in the expansion stage 2 to 15 cycles of microwave radiation are applied, each one with a time period of 2 seconds to 15 minutes.
5. Process for pre-expansion of cork according to claim 1, characterised in that it is performed in continuous or non-continuous mode.
6. Process for pre-expansion of cork according to claim 1 characterised in that, the discharge stage is preceded by cooling of the expanded cork.
7. Process for pre-expansion of cork according to claim 1 characterised in that, the dosing stage is preceded by a cork humidification step by water immersion at temperatures between 25 and 100 0C or in autoclave at temperatures between 100 °C e 150 0C.
8. Use of the process for pre-expansion of cork according to claim 1, characterised in that the cork is selected from the group comprising falca cork, virgin or reproduction cork, cork planks, cork residues resulting from stopper production or from cork plank transformation, grinded cork, granulated cork or cork powder.
PCT/PT2008/000012 2007-03-21 2008-03-20 Process of cork pre-expansion by submission to microwave radiation and resulting product thereof WO2008115086A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT08724036T ATE530310T1 (en) 2007-03-21 2008-03-20 METHOD FOR PRE-EXPANSION OF CORK BY MICROWAVE RADIATION
EP08724036A EP2125310B1 (en) 2007-03-21 2008-03-20 Process of cork pre-expansion by submission to microwave radiation
ES08724036T ES2376152T3 (en) 2007-03-21 2008-03-20 CORK PREEXPANSION PROCESS FOR MICROWAVE RADIATION SUBMISSION.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PT103697A PT103697A (en) 2007-03-21 2007-03-21 PRE-EXPANSION PROCESS OF CORK BY SUBMISSION TO MICROWAVE RADIATIONS AND RESULTING PRODUCT THEREOF
PT103697 2007-03-21

Publications (1)

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WO2008115086A1 true WO2008115086A1 (en) 2008-09-25

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PCT/PT2008/000012 WO2008115086A1 (en) 2007-03-21 2008-03-20 Process of cork pre-expansion by submission to microwave radiation and resulting product thereof

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EP (1) EP2125310B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE530310T1 (en)
ES (1) ES2376152T3 (en)
PT (2) PT103697A (en)
WO (1) WO2008115086A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011054306B3 (en) * 2011-09-28 2012-10-04 Johann Brunner Method for sealing bottles used in wine industry, involves introducing cork totally or partly to bottle neck, which is totally or partly irradiated with high frequency radiation of certain range through glass
EP3051023A1 (en) 2015-01-29 2016-08-03 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Film containing cork particles , artificial leather containing cork particles and method for producing the same
US20190084199A1 (en) * 2017-09-19 2019-03-21 Uchiyama Manufacturing Corp. Method for producing cork stopper and cork stopper

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999037334A2 (en) * 1998-01-22 1999-07-29 Rudolf Ohlinger Gmbh & Co. Kg Treatment method for cork material and corks
WO2006021225A1 (en) * 2004-08-24 2006-03-02 Hartwig Pollinger Method and device for the treatment of cork oaks

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999037334A2 (en) * 1998-01-22 1999-07-29 Rudolf Ohlinger Gmbh & Co. Kg Treatment method for cork material and corks
WO2006021225A1 (en) * 2004-08-24 2006-03-02 Hartwig Pollinger Method and device for the treatment of cork oaks

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
SILVA S P ; SABINO M A ; FERNANDAS E M ; CORRELO V M ; BOESEL L F ; REIS R L: "Cork: Properties, capabilities and applications", INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS REVIEWS, vol. 50, no. 6, December 2005 (2005-12-01), pages 345 - 365, XP002482488 *

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011054306B3 (en) * 2011-09-28 2012-10-04 Johann Brunner Method for sealing bottles used in wine industry, involves introducing cork totally or partly to bottle neck, which is totally or partly irradiated with high frequency radiation of certain range through glass
EP2574591A2 (en) 2011-09-28 2013-04-03 Johann Brunner Method for sealing bottles and device for irradiating corks in bottles
EP3051023A1 (en) 2015-01-29 2016-08-03 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Film containing cork particles , artificial leather containing cork particles and method for producing the same
DE102015101333A1 (en) 2015-01-29 2016-08-04 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Cork particle-containing film, artificial leather containing cork particles and method for producing the same
US20190084199A1 (en) * 2017-09-19 2019-03-21 Uchiyama Manufacturing Corp. Method for producing cork stopper and cork stopper
EP3459700A1 (en) * 2017-09-19 2019-03-27 Uchiyama Manufacturing Corp. Method for producing cork stopper and cork stopper
JP2019055486A (en) * 2017-09-19 2019-04-11 内山工業株式会社 Method for producing cork stopper and cork stopper
US10703026B2 (en) 2017-09-19 2020-07-07 Uchiyama Manufacturing Corp. Method for producing cork stopper and cork stopper

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PT103697A (en) 2008-09-30
PT2125310E (en) 2011-11-21
ES2376152T3 (en) 2012-03-09
ATE530310T1 (en) 2011-11-15
EP2125310B1 (en) 2011-10-26
EP2125310A1 (en) 2009-12-02

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