WO2008110648A1 - Variable-frequency axial agitator - Google Patents

Variable-frequency axial agitator Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008110648A1
WO2008110648A1 PCT/ES2008/000143 ES2008000143W WO2008110648A1 WO 2008110648 A1 WO2008110648 A1 WO 2008110648A1 ES 2008000143 W ES2008000143 W ES 2008000143W WO 2008110648 A1 WO2008110648 A1 WO 2008110648A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pinion
eccentric
variable frequency
vibration
agitator
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PCT/ES2008/000143
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Andres CAÑADAS GARCIA
Original Assignee
Canadas Garcia Andres
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Publication of WO2008110648A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008110648A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D46/00—Picking of fruits, vegetables, hops, or the like; Devices for shaking trees or shrubs
    • A01D46/26—Devices for shaking trees or shrubs; Fruit catching devices to be used therewith

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an axial agitator of variable frequency for trees, with application in the agriculture sector, more specifically in fruit harvesting tasks, with the double objective of saving labor and preserving the tree from damage. that usually suffers during the performance of this type of work. It is achieved through the transmission to the tree of a sinusoidal vibration along a normal axis to this, whose intensity and frequency are adjustable to its configuration, that is to say its age, thickness, size, etc., with the aim of not It is damaged by the agitation of the collector.
  • the intensity of the vibration is invariable, usually excessive for the integrity of the tree, although strictly it is necessary to reach a minimum of efficiency in the attachment of the fruit to be collected.
  • This fact produces as a consequence that the roots of the tree move in any direction, according to the movement transmitted by the trunk, so that the hollowing of these roots occurs, which lose contact with the earth, and thus with their food , with the consequent deterioration for the health of the tree, which can lead to its death in the event that it dries.
  • the present invention relates to an axial agitator of variable frequency that exerts a sinusoidal pressure of a small intensity on a tree, that is to say a sine vibration, but of a frequency required for the resistance of the tree to the propagation of the wave, that is to say
  • the generic impedance has a reduced value, that is to say small and, with it results in an efficient effect on the peduncle of the fruit, object of attachment and harvesting.
  • Said vibration, mathematically sine is exerted in a predetermined direction, perpendicular to the trunk of the tree, whereby strong clamping pressures are unnecessary as well as heavy rubber studs used in the state-of-the-art devices, which cause the tree to bark.
  • the axial agitator of variable sinusoidal frequency that the invention proposes transmits a vibration to the tree trunk, and therefore to all of it, a vibration by means of an alternative intensity thrust, either positive, zero or negative, according to a certain direction, called the axis of vibration, perpendicular to the trunk of the tree.
  • a vibration by means of an alternative intensity thrust either positive, zero or negative
  • a certain direction called the axis of vibration, perpendicular to the trunk of the tree.
  • This stirrer Io achieves by means of a first eccentric that is coaxial and identical to a second eccentric, being configured to rotate with the same angular velocity ⁇ , but in opposite directions, with respect to an axis of rotation.
  • the first eccentric has a mass M whose value coincides with
  • the mass of the second eccentric both eccentrics having an identical eccentricity value R, with eccentricity R being understood as a distance between a center of gravity of each eccentric and the common axis of rotation of both eccentrics.
  • each eccentric When turning at an angular velocity ⁇ , each eccentric has a centrifugal force F whose value is obtained from the following expression:
  • This useful effort transmitted to the trunk acts in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the trunk located on the plane perpendicular to the trunk, that is to say along the axis of vibration.
  • the first eccentric is joined in solidarity with a first pinion and the second eccentric is joined in solidarity with a second pinion that is identical to the first pinion.
  • the first pinion is engaged with a driving crown and the second pinion is engaging with a dragged crown identical to the driving crown.
  • the drive crown is attached to a drive shaft which in turn is attached to a drive pinion configured to be driven by the motor, which can be any type.
  • the dragged crown is attached to a dragged shaft which in turn is attached to a dragged pinion that is engaged with the counterpart of the drive pinion.
  • both pinions are identical, when they rotate they are configured so that the two eccentrics rotate at the same speed, although in the opposite direction, circumstance necessary to achieve the mutual cancellation of the components of the unwanted centrifugal forces, thus achieving the characteristic of desired sineness.
  • a variation of the rotation speed ⁇ of the eccentrics allows the achievement of the effort applied to the trunk depending on the peculiarities of the tree whose fruits it is desired to collect.
  • the variation of the rotation speed ⁇ of the eccentrics can be achieved either using a variable speed motor or by changing the pinion-crown games used, that is to say the change of the game between the drive pinion and the driving crown and / or between the dragged pinion and the dragged crown.
  • the drive shaft can receive the rotational movement of the power take-off of the tractor itself, which can be the carrier vehicle of the agitator to the location where the shaft to vibrate is located.
  • a vibration is achieved along the axis of vibration, when the device is in operation, contemplating the possibility that said vibration axis transmits the vibration to a housing containing all the aforementioned elements of the agitator, said housing being configured to connect to the shaft by means of a clamp, preferably bitaque, that is to say comprising a single point of articulation and an arm that grabs the trunk of the tree to vibrate, by closing it.
  • a clamp preferably bitaque, that is to say comprising a single point of articulation and an arm that grabs the trunk of the tree to vibrate, by closing it.
  • the axial and sinusoidal agitator that is proposed constitutes an advance on the devices used up to now. Solve in a satisfactory way the problem previously exposed in the sense of transmitting the effort to the tree in a direction perpendicular to the trunk, annulling any rotational component causing the barking.
  • the agitator, object of the present invention can be operated and linked to a pen that hangs a rope that carries the bitaco clamp and allows the collection of multiple plants by means of the zenithal introduction of the same in the center of the plant. It can also be applied to a shovel mechanism at its elevation farthest from the tractor and frontally attack the tree, monopod, object of attachment and collection.
  • the present agitator does not annul the current fruit and / or fruit apeadore machines but, on the contrary, improves them considerably, being able to take advantage of most of the capital invested by simply replacing the current Tritaco forceps with the one described of two studs, object of the present invention.
  • the axial and sinusoidal variable frequency agitator comprises a first eccentric (7) that is coaxial and identical to a second eccentric (8), said first eccentric (7) and second eccentric (8) being configured to rotate with the same angular velocity, but in opposite directions, with respect to an axis of rotation (13).
  • the first eccentric (7) has a mass whose value coincides with that of the second eccentric (8), both eccentrics (7, 8) having an identical eccentricity value.
  • the first eccentric (7) is joined in solidarity with a first pinion (5) and the second eccentric (8) is joined in solidarity with a second pinion (6) that is identical to the first pinion (5).
  • the first pinion (5) is engaged with a driving crown (3) and the second pinion (6) is engaged with a dragged crown (4) identical to the driving crown (3).
  • the drive crown (3) is attached to a drive shaft (10) which in turn is attached to a drive pinion (1) configured to be driven by a motor (9).
  • the dragged crown (4) is attached to a dragged shaft (11) which in turn is connected to a dragged pinion (2) that is engaged with its counterpart the drive pinion (1).
  • the agitator is configured, according to a variation of the speed of rotation of the eccentrics (7, 8), to apply an effort to the trunk depending on the peculiarities of the tree whose fruits are desired Collect, by varying the engine speed (9) or by changing the games between the drive pinion (1) and the driving crown (3) and / or between the driven pinion (2) and the dragged crown ( 4).
  • the drive shaft (10) is configured to receive the rotational movement of the power take off of a tractor.
  • the vibration axis (12) is configured to transmit the vibration to a housing containing all the elements of the agitator, said housing being configured to connect to the shaft by means of a bitaque clamp comprising a single point of articulation and an arm configured to grab the tree trunk to vibrate.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a variable-frequency axial agitator which transmits a vibration to the trunk of a tree, comprising a first eccentric (7) coaxial to a second eccentric (8), said two eccentrics having an identical mass and eccentricity and being configured to rotate with the same angular velocity in opposing directions in relation to an axis of rotation (13), thereby producing a sinusoidal reciprocating linear motion along an axis of vibration (12) contained in a plane normal to the trunk of the tree from which fruit is to be harvested.

Description

AGITADOR AXIAL DE FRECUENCIA VARIABLE AXIAL VARIABLE FREQUENCY AGITATOR
D E S C R I P C I Ó ND E S C R I P C I Ó N
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓNOBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se refiere a un agitador axial de frecuencia variable para árboles, con aplicación en el sector de Ia agricultura, más concretamente en labores de recolección de frutos, con el doble objetivo de ahorrar mano de obra y de preservar el árbol de los daños que habitualmente sufre durante Ia realización de este tipo de labores. Se logra mediante Ia transmisión al árbol de una vibración senoidal a Io largo de un eje normal a este, cuya intensidad y frecuencia son ajustables a su configuración, es decir a su edad, grosor, tamaño, etc., con el objetivo de que no resulte dañado por Ia agitación recolectora.The present invention relates to an axial agitator of variable frequency for trees, with application in the agriculture sector, more specifically in fruit harvesting tasks, with the double objective of saving labor and preserving the tree from damage. that usually suffers during the performance of this type of work. It is achieved through the transmission to the tree of a sinusoidal vibration along a normal axis to this, whose intensity and frequency are adjustable to its configuration, that is to say its age, thickness, size, etc., with the aim of not It is damaged by the agitation of the collector.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓNBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
En Ia actualidad es habitual Ia utilización de diversos aparatos en Ia recolección de frutos, transmitiendo al árbol un movimiento vibratorio multidireccional, situado en el plano normal al árbol, que produce un retorcimiento de Ia pinza de sujeción contra el tronco, Io que provoca un daño letal, especialmente en plantas jóvenes, por descortezamiento y consiguiente rotura de los conductos encargados de Ia alimentación de Ia planta con Ia secuela de una importante reducción del vigor, de Ia producción y, en muchos casos de Ia propia muerte del árbol.At present, the use of various devices in the collection of fruits is habitual, transmitting to the tree a multidirectional vibratory movement, located in the normal plane to the tree, which produces a twist of the clamp against the trunk, which causes damage lethal, especially in young plants, due to barking and consequent rupture of the conduits responsible for feeding the plant with the sequel to a significant reduction in vigor, production and, in many cases, the death of the tree itself.
Con las máquinas existentes en Ia actualidad Ia intensidad de Ia vibración es invariable, normalmente excesiva para Ia integridad del árbol, aunque estrictamente Ia precisa para alcanzar un mínimo de eficacia en el apeo del fruto que se desea recolectar. Este hecho produce como consecuencia que las raíces del árbol se muevan en cualquier dirección, según el movimiento transmitido por el tronco, de manera que se produce el ahuecamiento de dichas raíces, que pierden el contacto con Ia tierra, y de este modo con su alimento, con el consiguiente deterioro para Ia salud del árbol, que puede llegar a producir Ia muerte del mismo en el caso de que este se seque.With the existing machines, the intensity of the vibration is invariable, usually excessive for the integrity of the tree, although strictly it is necessary to reach a minimum of efficiency in the attachment of the fruit to be collected. This fact produces as a consequence that the roots of the tree move in any direction, according to the movement transmitted by the trunk, so that the hollowing of these roots occurs, which lose contact with the earth, and thus with their food , with the consequent deterioration for the health of the tree, which can lead to its death in the event that it dries.
Por otro lado, como consecuencia del movimiento de vibración aleatorio que se transmite al árbol, mediante Ia pinza que Io abraza a modo de gancho por tres cuartas partes de su perímetro circular, ésta además de vibrar en todas direcciones también experimenta un movimiento de giro, al igual que el vibrador, con Io que Ia pinza experimenta una rotación que despelleja Ia corteza del árbol, pudiendo llegar a producir su muerte, Io cual sucede bastante habitualmente, cuando se despelleja Ia corteza en todo el perímetro del árbol, impidiéndose el paso de Ia savia.On the other hand, as a consequence of the random vibration movement that is transmitted to the tree, by means of the clamp that Io embraces as a hook by three-fourths of its circular perimeter, this in addition to vibrating in all directions also experiences a turning movement, Like the vibrator, with which the clamp experiences a rotation that peels the bark of the tree, being able to produce its death, which usually happens quite often, when the bark is skinned throughout the perimeter of the tree, preventing the passage of The sap.
Por último, el movimiento de rotación, anteriormente descrito, que experimenta Ia pinza en estos vibradores produce un elevado desgaste en unos tacos mediante los cuales Ia pinza se encuentra en contacto con el árbol para abrazarlo y transmitirle Ia vibración, con Ia consiguiente necesidad de reposición.Finally, the rotational movement, described above, that the caliper experiences in these vibrators produces a high wear in tacos through which the clamp is in contact with the tree to hug it and transmit the vibration, with the consequent need for replacement .
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓNDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se refiere a un agitador axial de frecuencia variable que ejerce sobre un árbol una presión senoidal de pequeña intensidad, es decir una vibración senoidal, pero de una frecuencia requerida para que Ia resistencia del árbol a Ia propagación de Ia onda, es decir Ia impedancia genérica, tenga un valor reducido, es decir pequeño y, con ello resulte un efecto eficiente en el pedúnculo del fruto, objeto de apeo y recolección. Dicha vibración, matemáticamente senoidal, es ejercida en una dirección predeterminada, perpendicular al tronco del árbol, por Io que resultan innecesarias fuertes presiones de pinzamiento así como pesados tacos de goma utilizados en los dispositivos del estado de Ia técnica, que ocasionan el descortezamiento del árbol.The present invention relates to an axial agitator of variable frequency that exerts a sinusoidal pressure of a small intensity on a tree, that is to say a sine vibration, but of a frequency required for the resistance of the tree to the propagation of the wave, that is to say The generic impedance, has a reduced value, that is to say small and, with it results in an efficient effect on the peduncle of the fruit, object of attachment and harvesting. Said vibration, mathematically sine, is exerted in a predetermined direction, perpendicular to the trunk of the tree, whereby strong clamping pressures are unnecessary as well as heavy rubber studs used in the state-of-the-art devices, which cause the tree to bark.
El agitador axial de frecuencia senoidal variable que Ia invención propone transmite una vibración al tronco del árbol, y por ende a todo él, una vibración mediante un empuje de intensidad alternativa, ya sea positiva, cero o negativa, según una determinada dirección, denominada eje de vibración, perpendicular al tronco del árbol. Ello se consigue por medio de Ia transformación de un movimiento de rotación, originado por un motor, en un movimiento lineal, alternativo, de forma senoidal y perpendicular al tronco del árbol, según el eje de vibración.The axial agitator of variable sinusoidal frequency that the invention proposes transmits a vibration to the tree trunk, and therefore to all of it, a vibration by means of an alternative intensity thrust, either positive, zero or negative, according to a certain direction, called the axis of vibration, perpendicular to the trunk of the tree. This is achieved by means of the transformation of a rotation movement, caused by a motor, in a linear, alternative movement, sinusoidal and perpendicular to the trunk of the tree, according to the axis of vibration.
Este agitador Io consigue mediante una primera excéntrica que es coaxial e idéntica a una segunda excéntrica, estando configuradas para girar con una misma velocidad angular ω, pero en sentidos opuestos, respecto a un eje de giro.This stirrer Io achieves by means of a first eccentric that is coaxial and identical to a second eccentric, being configured to rotate with the same angular velocity ω, but in opposite directions, with respect to an axis of rotation.
La primera excéntrica tiene una masa M cuyo valor coincide conThe first eccentric has a mass M whose value coincides with
Ia masa de Ia segunda excéntrica, teniendo ambas excéntricas un valor de excentricidad R idéntico, entendiendo por excentricidad R una distancia entre un centro de gravedad de cada excéntrica y el eje de giro común de ambas excéntricas.The mass of the second eccentric, both eccentrics having an identical eccentricity value R, with eccentricity R being understood as a distance between a center of gravity of each eccentric and the common axis of rotation of both eccentrics.
Al girar a una velocidad angular ω, cada excéntrica tiene una fuerza centrífuga F cuyo valor se obtiene de Ia siguiente expresión:When turning at an angular velocity ω, each eccentric has a centrifugal force F whose value is obtained from the following expression:
F = M - ω2 -RF = M - ω 2 -R
Para calcular un esfuerzo transmitido por cada excéntrica al tronco del árbol es preciso componer vectorialmente las fuerzas centrífugas F de cada excéntrica para determinar una fuerza resultante activa Fτ de ambas fuerzas centrífugas que se ejerce sobre el tronco del árbol. Recordando Ia identidad de las magnitudes de las masas de ambas excéntricas, en un instante t el ángulo de cada excéntrica respecto al eje de vibración tiene un valor ωt, y cada componente F1 y F2 de Ia fuerza de cada excéntrica en Ia dirección de dicho eje de vibración se obtiene de Ia expresión:To calculate an effort transmitted by each eccentric to the It is necessary to compose the centrifugal forces F of each eccentrically vectorially to determine a resulting resultant active force F τ of both centrifugal forces exerted on the trunk of the tree. Remembering the identity of the magnitudes of the masses of both eccentrics, in an instant t the angle of each eccentric with respect to the axis of vibration has a value ωt, and each component F 1 and F 2 of the force of each eccentric in the direction of said axis of vibration is obtained from the expression:
F1 = F1 = M - ω2 - R - cosωtF 1 = F 1 = M - ω 2 - R - cosωt
De forma que Ia fuerza resultante activa F1- tiene el siguiente valor:So that the resulting force activates F 1 - has the following value:
Fx = F1 + F2 = 2 -M - ω2 - R - cosωtF x = F 1 + F 2 = 2 -M - ω 2 - R - cosωt
Valor que representa Ia dimensión y el carácter senoidal simple del esfuerzo total alternativo senoidal transmitido al tronco del árbol en cada instante.Value that represents the dimension and the simple sine character of the total sine alternative effort transmitted to the trunk of the tree at each moment.
Este esfuerzo útil transmitido al tronco actúa en Ia dirección perpendicular al eje del tronco situada sobre el plano perpendicular al tronco, es decir según el eje de vibración.This useful effort transmitted to the trunk acts in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the trunk located on the plane perpendicular to the trunk, that is to say along the axis of vibration.
Los movimientos rotativos iguales y opuestos de ambas excéntricas se consiguen de Ia forma que se describe a continuación.The same and opposite rotational movements of both eccentrics are achieved in the manner described below.
La primera excéntrica está unida solidariamente a un primer piñón y Ia segunda excéntrica está unida solidariamente a un segundo piñón que es idéntico al primer piñón. El primer piñón está engranado con una corona motriz y el segundo piñón está engrando con una corona arrastrada idéntica a Ia corona motriz. La corona motriz está unida a un eje motriz que a su vez está unido a un piñón motriz configurado para ser movido por el motor, que puede ser cualquier tipo.The first eccentric is joined in solidarity with a first pinion and the second eccentric is joined in solidarity with a second pinion that is identical to the first pinion. The first pinion is engaged with a driving crown and the second pinion is engaging with a dragged crown identical to the driving crown. The drive crown is attached to a drive shaft which in turn is attached to a drive pinion configured to be driven by the motor, which can be any type.
La corona arrastrada está unida a un eje arrastrado que a su vez está unido un piñón arrastrado que está engranado con su homólogo el piñón motriz.The dragged crown is attached to a dragged shaft which in turn is attached to a dragged pinion that is engaged with the counterpart of the drive pinion.
Por ser ambos piñones idénticos, cuando giran están configurados para que las dos excéntricas giren a una misma velocidad, aunque en sentido contrario, circunstancia necesaria para conseguir Ia anulación mutua de las componentes de las fuerzas centrífugas no deseadas, consiguiendo de este modo Ia característica de senoidalidad deseada.As both pinions are identical, when they rotate they are configured so that the two eccentrics rotate at the same speed, although in the opposite direction, circumstance necessary to achieve the mutual cancellation of the components of the unwanted centrifugal forces, thus achieving the characteristic of desired sineness.
Una variación de Ia velocidad de rotación ω de las excéntricas permite Ia consecución del esfuerzo aplicado al tronco en función de las peculiaridades del árbol cuyos frutos se desea recolectar. La variación de Ia velocidad de rotación ω de las excéntricas se puede conseguir bien sea utilizando un motor de velocidad variable o mediante el cambio de los juegos piñón-corona utilizados, es decir del cambio del juego entre el piñón motriz y Ia corona motriz y/o entre el piñón arrastrado y Ia corona arrastrada.A variation of the rotation speed ω of the eccentrics allows the achievement of the effort applied to the trunk depending on the peculiarities of the tree whose fruits it is desired to collect. The variation of the rotation speed ω of the eccentrics can be achieved either using a variable speed motor or by changing the pinion-crown games used, that is to say the change of the game between the drive pinion and the driving crown and / or between the dragged pinion and the dragged crown.
El eje motriz puede recibir el movimiento de rotación de Ia toma de fuerza del propio tractor que puede ser el vehículo portador del agitador al emplazamiento en el que se encuentra el árbol a vibrar.The drive shaft can receive the rotational movement of the power take-off of the tractor itself, which can be the carrier vehicle of the agitator to the location where the shaft to vibrate is located.
Mediante el agitador de Ia invención se consigue una vibración según el eje de vibración, cuando el dispositivo se encuentra en funcionamiento, contemplándose Ia posibilidad de que dicho eje de vibración transmita ia vibración a una carcasa que contenga todos los elementos anteriormente referidos del agitador, estando configurada dicha carcasa para conectarse al árbol por medio de una pinza, preferentemente bitaco, es decir que comprende un único punto de articulación y un brazo que agarra el tronco del árbol a vibrar, mediante su cierre.Through the agitator of the invention a vibration is achieved along the axis of vibration, when the device is in operation, contemplating the possibility that said vibration axis transmits the vibration to a housing containing all the aforementioned elements of the agitator, said housing being configured to connect to the shaft by means of a clamp, preferably bitaque, that is to say comprising a single point of articulation and an arm that grabs the trunk of the tree to vibrate, by closing it.
Así pues, de acuerdo con Ia invención descrita, el agitador axial y senoidal que se propone, constituye un avance sobre los dispositivos hasta ahora utilizados. Resuelve de forma satisfactoria Ia problemática anteriormente expuesta en el sentido de transmitir el esfuerzo al árbol en dirección perpendicular al tronco, anulando toda componente rotacional causante del descortezado.Thus, according to the described invention, the axial and sinusoidal agitator that is proposed constitutes an advance on the devices used up to now. Solve in a satisfactory way the problem previously exposed in the sense of transmitting the effort to the tree in a direction perpendicular to the trunk, annulling any rotational component causing the barking.
Otra ventaja importante, consecuencia del carácter axial de Ia vibración, es que para su aplicación al tronco no se necesita Ia habitual pinza de tres posiciones, utilizada por los vibradores actuales, sin que puede utilizar una pinza de dos posiciones, al carecer de par rotacional y eliminando el permanente y excesivo desgaste de los tacos, los cuales funcionan únicamente por presión de contacto en sentido perpendicular al propio taco.Another important advantage, due to the axial nature of the vibration, is that for its application to the trunk the usual three-position clamp, used by current vibrators, is not required, without using a two-position clamp, lacking rotational torque and eliminating the permanent and excessive wear of the studs, which work only by contact pressure perpendicular to the stud itself.
Este vibrador permite su utilización tanto con técnicas de recolección pendulares como frontales. El agitador, objeto de Ia presente invención, se puede manejar y vincular a una pluma de Ia que pende una cuerda que porta Ia pinza bitaco y permite recolectar las plantas multipie mediante Ia introducción cenital de Ia misma en el centro de Ia planta. Igualmente puede aplicarse a un mecanismo pala en su cota más alejada del tractor y atacar frontalmente el árbol, monopie, objeto de apeo y recolección. El presente agitador no anula a las actuales máquinas apeadoreas de frutos y/o frutas sino que, muy al contrario, las mejora considerablemente, pudiéndose aprovechar Ia mayor parte del capital invertido mediante Ia simple sustitución de las actuales pinzas tritaco por Ia descrita de dos tacos, objeto de Ia presente invención.This vibrator allows its use with both pendular and frontal harvesting techniques. The agitator, object of the present invention, can be operated and linked to a pen that hangs a rope that carries the bitaco clamp and allows the collection of multiple plants by means of the zenithal introduction of the same in the center of the plant. It can also be applied to a shovel mechanism at its elevation farthest from the tractor and frontally attack the tree, monopod, object of attachment and collection. The present agitator does not annul the current fruit and / or fruit apeadore machines but, on the contrary, improves them considerably, being able to take advantage of most of the capital invested by simply replacing the current Tritaco forceps with the one described of two studs, object of the present invention.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOSDESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Para complementar Ia descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características del invento, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de realización práctica del mismo, se acompaña como parte integrante de dicha descripción, un juego de dibujos en donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado Io siguiente:To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical realization thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description. Illustrative and not limiting, the following has been represented:
La figura 1.- Se representan las dos fuerzas centrífugas en un instante t, cuyos ángulos de fase respecto al eje de abcisas, son ωt y -ωt repectivamente, y las proyecciones sobre los ejes elegidos compensan en el eje de ordenadas, mientras se duplican en el eje de abcisas, eje que es precisamente el de aplicación del empuje de Ia vibración, de carácter alternativo y senoidal, a Ia planta objeto de recolección, correspondiendo a dicho empuje de vibración Ia expresión analíticaFigure 1.- The two centrifugal forces are represented in an instant t, whose phase angles with respect to the axis of abscissa, are ωt and -ωt respectively, and the projections on the chosen axes compensate in the ordinate axis, while doubling in the axis of abscissa, axis that is precisely the one of application of the thrust of the vibration, of alternative and sinusoidal character, to the plant object of collection, corresponding to said vibration thrust the analytical expression
F7. = FX +F2 = 2 -M - ω2 - R - cosωt .F 7 . = F X + F 2 = 2 -M - ω 2 - R - cosωt.
La figura 2.- Ejemplifica una de las múltiples realizaciones prácticas posible, simplemente a título de ejemplo para Ia mejor comprensión de Ia invención.Figure 2.- Exemplifies one of the many possible practical embodiments, simply by way of example for the best understanding of the invention.
REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓNPREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
A Ia vista de las figuras reseñadas puede observarse como en una de las posibles realizaciones de Ia invención, el agitador axial y senoidal de frecuencia variable comprende una primera excéntrica (7) que es coaxial e idéntica a una segunda excéntrica (8), estando configuradas dichas primera excéntrica (7) y segunda excéntrica (8) para girar con una misma velocidad angular, pero en sentidos opuestos, respecto a un eje de giro (13).In view of the aforementioned figures, it can be observed that in one of the possible embodiments of the invention, the axial and sinusoidal variable frequency agitator comprises a first eccentric (7) that is coaxial and identical to a second eccentric (8), said first eccentric (7) and second eccentric (8) being configured to rotate with the same angular velocity, but in opposite directions, with respect to an axis of rotation (13).
La primera excéntrica (7) tiene una masa cuyo valor coincide con el de Ia segunda excéntrica (8), teniendo ambas excéntricas (7, 8) un valor de excentricidad idéntico.The first eccentric (7) has a mass whose value coincides with that of the second eccentric (8), both eccentrics (7, 8) having an identical eccentricity value.
Mediante el giro de dichas excéntricas (7, 8) se obtiene un esfuerzo útil configurado para ser transmitido a un tronco de un árbol según un eje de vibración (12) que es perpendicular al eje del tronco, estando dicho eje de vibración (12) contenido en un plano perpendicular a dicho tronco.By turning said eccentrics (7, 8) a useful effort is obtained configured to be transmitted to a trunk of a tree along a vibration axis (12) that is perpendicular to the axis of the trunk, said vibration axis (12) being contained in a plane perpendicular to said trunk.
La primera excéntrica (7) está unida solidariamente a un primer piñón (5) y Ia segunda excéntrica (8) está unida solidariamente a un segundo piñón (6) que es idéntico al primer piñón (5).The first eccentric (7) is joined in solidarity with a first pinion (5) and the second eccentric (8) is joined in solidarity with a second pinion (6) that is identical to the first pinion (5).
El primer piñón (5) está engranado con una corona motriz (3) y el segundo piñón (6) está engrando con una corona arrastrada (4) idéntica a Ia corona motriz (3). La corona motriz (3) está unida a un eje motriz (10) que a su vez está unido a un piñón motriz (1) configurado para ser movido por un motor (9).The first pinion (5) is engaged with a driving crown (3) and the second pinion (6) is engaged with a dragged crown (4) identical to the driving crown (3). The drive crown (3) is attached to a drive shaft (10) which in turn is attached to a drive pinion (1) configured to be driven by a motor (9).
La corona arrastrada (4) está unida a un eje arrastrado (11) que a su vez está unido un piñón arrastrado (2) que está engranado con su homólogo el piñón motriz (1 ).The dragged crown (4) is attached to a dragged shaft (11) which in turn is connected to a dragged pinion (2) that is engaged with its counterpart the drive pinion (1).
El agitador está configurado, de acuerdo con una variación de Ia velocidad de rotación de las excéntricas (7, 8), para aplicar un esfuerzo al tronco en función de las peculiaridades del árbol cuyos frutos se desea recolectar, mediante una variación de Ia velocidad del motor (9) o bien mediante un cambio de los juegos entre el piñón motriz (1) y Ia corona motriz (3) y/o entre el piñón arrastrado (2) y Ia corona arrastrada (4).The agitator is configured, according to a variation of the speed of rotation of the eccentrics (7, 8), to apply an effort to the trunk depending on the peculiarities of the tree whose fruits are desired Collect, by varying the engine speed (9) or by changing the games between the drive pinion (1) and the driving crown (3) and / or between the driven pinion (2) and the dragged crown ( 4).
El eje motriz (10) está configurado para recibir el movimiento de rotación de Ia toma de fuerza de un tractor.The drive shaft (10) is configured to receive the rotational movement of the power take off of a tractor.
El eje de vibración (12) está configurado para transmitir Ia vibración a una carcasa que contiene todos los elementos del agitador, estando configurada dicha carcasa para conectarse al árbol por medio de una pinza bitaco que comprende un único punto de articulación y un brazo configurado para agarrar el tronco del árbol a vibrar.The vibration axis (12) is configured to transmit the vibration to a housing containing all the elements of the agitator, said housing being configured to connect to the shaft by means of a bitaque clamp comprising a single point of articulation and an arm configured to grab the tree trunk to vibrate.
A Ia vista de esta descripción y juego de figuras, el experto en Ia materia podrá entender que las realizaciones de Ia invención que se han descrito pueden ser combinadas de múltiples maneras dentro del objeto deIn view of this description and set of figures, the person skilled in the art will be able to understand that the embodiments of the invention that have been described can be combined in multiple ways within the object of
Ia invención. La invención ha sido descrita según algunas realizaciones preferentes de Ia misma, pero para el experto en Ia materia resultará evidente que múltiples variaciones pueden ser introducidas en dichas realizaciones preferentes sin exceder el objeto de Ia invención reivindicada. The invention The invention has been described according to some preferred embodiments thereof, but for the person skilled in the art it will be evident that multiple variations can be introduced in said preferred embodiments without exceeding the object of the claimed invention.

Claims

R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S
1.- Agitador axial de frecuencia variable, para transmitir una vibración a un tronco de un árbol, caracterizado porque comprende una primera excéntrica (7) que es coaxial e idéntica a una segunda excéntrica1.- Variable frequency axial stirrer, to transmit a vibration to a tree trunk, characterized in that it comprises a first eccentric (7) that is coaxial and identical to a second eccentric
(8), teniendo dichas primera excéntrica (7) y segunda excéntrica (8) un mismo valor de excentricidad y estando configuradas para girar con una misma velocidad angular en sentidos opuestos respecto a un eje de giro(8), said first eccentric (7) and second eccentric (8) having the same eccentricity value and being configured to rotate with the same angular velocity in opposite directions relative to an axis of rotation
(13), produciendo un movimiento lineal alternativo de carácter senoidal según un eje de vibración (12).(13), producing an alternative linear motion of a sinusoidal character along a vibration axis (12).
2.- Agitador axial de frecuencia variable, según Ia reivindicación2.- Axial variable frequency agitator, according to claim
1 , caracterizado porque Ia primera excéntrica (7) está unida solidariamente a un primer piñón (5) y Ia segunda excéntrica (8) está unida solidariamente a un segundo piñón (6) idéntico al primer piñón (5), estando dicho primer piñón (5) engranado con una corona motriz (3) y estando el segundo piñón (6) engrando con una corona arrastrada (4) idéntica a Ia corona motriz (3), donde dicha corona motriz (3) está unida a un eje motriz (10) que a su vez está unido a un piñón motriz (1 ), estando dicha corona arrastrada (4) unida a un eje arrastrado (11) que a su vez está unido un piñón arrastrado (2) que está engranado con el piñón motriz (1 ).1, characterized in that the first eccentric (7) is joined in solidarity with a first pinion (5) and the second eccentric (8) is joined in solidarity with a second pinion (6) identical to the first pinion (5), said first pinion ( 5) engaged with a driving crown (3) and the second pinion (6) being engaged with a driven crown (4) identical to the driving crown (3), where said driving crown (3) is attached to a driving shaft (10) ) which in turn is connected to a drive pinion (1), said dragged crown (4) being attached to a dragged shaft (11) which in turn is connected to a dragged pinion (2) that is engaged with the drive pinion ( one ).
3.- Agitador axial de frecuencia variable, según Ia reivindicación3.- Variable frequency axial stirrer, according to claim
2, caracterizado porque el piñón motriz (1 ) está configurado para ser movido por un motor (9).2, characterized in that the drive pinion (1) is configured to be driven by a motor (9).
A - Agitador axial de frecuencia variable, según Ia reivindicaciónA - Variable frequency axial stirrer, according to claim
3, caracterizado porque el motor (9) está configurado para variar Ia velocidad de rotación de las excéntricas (7, 8).3, characterized in that the motor (9) is configured to vary the rotation speed of the eccentrics (7, 8).
5.- Agitador axial de frecuencia variable, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 3 y 4, caracterizado porque comprende un juego entre los piñones (1, 2) y las coronas (3, 4) configurado para variar Ia velocidad de rotación de las excéntricas (7, 8).5.- Variable frequency axial stirrer, according to any of the claims 3 and 4, characterized in that it comprises a play between the pinions (1, 2) and the crowns (3, 4) configured to vary the rotation speed of the eccentrics (7, 8).
6.- Agitador axial de frecuencia variable, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque el eje de vibración (12) está configurado para transmitir un movimiento lineal alternativo de carácter senoidal a una carcasa que contiene los elementos del agitador.6. Axial variable frequency agitator according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vibration axis (12) is configured to transmit an alternative linear motion of a sine character to a housing containing the elements of the agitator.
7.- Agitador axial de frecuencia variable, según Ia reivindicación7.- Axial variable frequency agitator, according to claim
6, caracterizado porque comprende una pinza bitaco configurada para conectar Ia carcasa con el árbol. 6, characterized in that it comprises a bitaco clamp configured to connect the housing with the shaft.
PCT/ES2008/000143 2007-03-15 2008-03-13 Variable-frequency axial agitator WO2008110648A1 (en)

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ESP200700683 2007-03-15
ES200700683 2007-03-15

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105493753A (en) * 2016-01-19 2016-04-20 东北农业大学 Small berry harvester with vibration balancing mechanism
ES2630836R1 (en) * 2016-02-24 2017-09-19 Moleo Tecnologias, S.L. Vibrating head of tree trunks for the collection of its fruits.
WO2022075936A1 (en) * 2020-10-08 2022-04-14 Ozkan Aydin A phase shifting mechanism

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US5473875A (en) * 1993-12-09 1995-12-12 Zehavi; Eitan Tree-shaking apparatus with direction and frequency optimization capability
US5595054A (en) * 1992-04-24 1997-01-21 Reynolds & Oliveira-Empress De Projectos E Comercializacao De Maquinas, R&O, Lda Mechanical tree shaker for fruit harvesting
ES2235586A1 (en) * 1999-11-18 2005-07-01 Eitan Zehavi A vibration unit

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US3220268A (en) * 1960-12-27 1965-11-30 Jr Richard W Brandt Vibration generator
US4113034A (en) * 1977-06-20 1978-09-12 Raygo, Inc. Uniaxial variable vibratory force generator
US5595054A (en) * 1992-04-24 1997-01-21 Reynolds & Oliveira-Empress De Projectos E Comercializacao De Maquinas, R&O, Lda Mechanical tree shaker for fruit harvesting
US5473875A (en) * 1993-12-09 1995-12-12 Zehavi; Eitan Tree-shaking apparatus with direction and frequency optimization capability
ES2235586A1 (en) * 1999-11-18 2005-07-01 Eitan Zehavi A vibration unit

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105493753A (en) * 2016-01-19 2016-04-20 东北农业大学 Small berry harvester with vibration balancing mechanism
ES2630836R1 (en) * 2016-02-24 2017-09-19 Moleo Tecnologias, S.L. Vibrating head of tree trunks for the collection of its fruits.
WO2022075936A1 (en) * 2020-10-08 2022-04-14 Ozkan Aydin A phase shifting mechanism

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