WO2008106858A1

WO2008106858A1 - A quasi-isothermal forging method of a disk shaped forging of nickel-base superalloys in air

Info

Publication number: WO2008106858A1
Application number: PCT/CN2008/000323
Authority: WO
Inventors: Hua Zhang; Zhijian Wei; Junqing Ye; Yi Shu; Feng Liu; Yongfu Xie
Original assignee: Guizhou Anda Aviation Forging Co., Ltd.
Priority date: 2007-03-05
Filing date: 2008-02-05
Publication date: 2008-09-12

Abstract

A quasi-isothermal forging method of a disk shaped forging of nickel-base superalloys in air includes heating and preprocessing an initial alloy bar thereby obtaining a fine crystal ring blank, heating the ring blank to a temperature of 995-1005? and heating an upper die and a lower die to a temperature of 950-965?, insulating the ring blank, the upper die and the lower die, positioning the heated ring blank between the upper die and the lower die, and applying a force on the ring blank by the upper and lower dies, thereby forming a disk shaped forging in air.

Description

镍基高温合金盘形锻件在空气中的近等温锻造方法技术领域 Near-isothermal forging method of nickel-based superalloy disc forgings in air

本发明涉及一种变形高温合金锻件的锻造方法，特别是镍基高温合金盘形锻件在空气中的近等温锻造方法。背景技术 The invention relates to a forging method for a deformed high-temperature alloy forging, in particular to a near-isothermal forging method of a nickel-based superalloy disc forging in air. Background technique

镍基高温合金，例如按化学元素含量的重量百分比含 C 量为 0.015%〜0.060%、含 Cr量为 17.00%〜 21.00%、含 Mo 量为 2.80%〜3.30%、含 Nb量为 4.75%〜 5.50%、含 Ti量为 0.75%〜 1.15%、含 A1量为 0.30%〜 0.70%、含 Ni量为 50.00%〜 The nickel-based superalloy, for example, has a C content of 0.015% to 0.060%, a Cr content of 17.00% to 21.00%, a Mo content of 2.80% to 3.30%, and a Nb content of 4.75% by weight of the chemical element content. 5.50%, the amount of Ti is 0.75% to 1.15%, the amount of A1 is 0.30% to 0.70%, and the amount of Ni is 50.00%~

55.00%及含有其他元素和余量为 Fe 的合金是一种沉淀强化型的镍基高温合金，该合金具有较高的强度，该合金的盘形锻件如涡轮盘在 650°C以下广泛用于航空、航天等宇航发动机的核心热端部件，能在问温、高应力、 1¾转速、高速气流环境下长期工作，适应服役环境恶劣工作负荷大，故障频率较高的极端工作环境要求该合金由于强度高，变形温度范围窄，导致其变形抗力较大，使锻造成形较为困难，而且要想获得晶粒细小的冋强度舟形锻件首先必须要使锻件环坯的晶粒细小。 55.00% and alloys containing other elements and balance Fe are a precipitation-strengthened nickel-base superalloy with high strength. Disc forgings such as turbine discs are widely used below 650 °C. The core hot end components of aerospace and aerospace engines can work long-term under temperature, high stress, 13⁄4 speed, high-speed airflow environment, adapt to the harsh working environment, and the extreme working environment with high fault frequency requires the alloy. The high strength and the narrow deformation temperature range result in a large deformation resistance, which makes the forging shape difficult, and in order to obtain a fine grain of the crucible forging, the grain of the forging ring must first be fine.

2004年 6月 2 日公开的中国发明专利说明书 CN1500577A 公开了一种镍基超耐热合金的准等温锻造，所述准等温锻造是指锻模的加热温度与锻件坯料的加热温度两者的温差在 56 °C〜 250°C之间进行的锻造。该专利申请表述了锻造环坯可以采用固结粉末坯料或铸造 \锻造的坯料来提供，优选固结粉末坯料。该专利申请对采用铸造\锻造的坯料来进行锻造如何获得晶粒细小的坯料或锻件并未充分公开，而铸造或锻造的原始坯料由于晶粒较粗大，采用该'专利申请提供的锻造方法对原始环坯进行锻造后曰 The Chinese invention patent specification CN1500577A published on June 2, 2004 discloses a quasi-isothermal forging of a nickel-based superalloy, which refers to the temperature difference between the heating temperature of the forging die and the heating temperature of the forging blank. Forging between 56 °C and 250 °C. This patent application states that a forged ring blank can be provided by a consolidated powder blank or a cast/forged blank, preferably a consolidated powder blank. This patent application does not fully disclose the use of cast/forged billets for forging to obtain fine grain blanks or forgings, while the cast or forged raw billets are coarser than the coarse grain, using the forging method provided by the 'patent application' After the original ring blank is forged

是难获得曰曰粒细小的锻件的。采用固结粉末坯料进行准等锻 la ，是固结粉末坯料需要专门的金属制粉技术和制粉设备才能生产，而前由于金属制粉技术的难度较大和制粉设备的投资较高使固结粉末坯料的成本较高、价格较贵；二是金属制粉技术由于需要攻克的技术难题较多，致使采用固结粉末坯料生产的锻件还不完全成熟；三是金属制粉技术属于方兴技术，尚未普及应用致使固结粉末坯料的获得较难。此外，该专利申请所述的锻造方法在锻造成形的过程中仅对锻模进行加热，致使锻造过程中锻造坯料暴露在空气中不利于维持锻造坯料的恒定温度；而且锻模温度与坯料的准等温锻造的温差为 56 °C〜 250 °C，由于温差范围较大，不利于精确控制锻件的热力参数，获得组织和性能优良的锻件；该专利方法对需要多大的压力来实现镍基超耐热合金的准等温锻造也未提及。发明内容 It is difficult to obtain a small forging of granules. The use of consolidated powder blanks for quasi-equal forging is required for the consolidation of powder blanks by special metal milling technology and milling equipment. Previously, due to the difficulty of metal milling technology and the high investment in milling equipment, The cost of the powdered billet is higher and the price is more expensive. Second, the metal powdering technology has many technical problems that need to be overcome. As a result, the forgings produced by the consolidated powder billet are not fully mature. Third, the metal powdering technology belongs to Fangxing. Technology, not yet widely used, makes it difficult to obtain consolidated powder blanks. In addition, the forging method described in the patent application only heats the forging die during the forging process, so that the forging blank is exposed to the air during the forging process, which is disadvantageous for maintaining the constant temperature of the forging blank; and the forging die temperature and the billet are accurate. The temperature difference of isothermal forging is 56 °C ~ 250 °C. Due to the large temperature difference range, it is not conducive to accurately control the thermal parameters of forgings, and obtain forgings with excellent structure and performance. The patented method requires much pressure to achieve nickel-based super resistance. Quasi-isothermal forging of hot alloys has not been mentioned. Summary of the invention

本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种使用细晶环坯和精确的近等温锻造温度来实现镍基 ¾ / ^A* The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a nickel base 3⁄4 / ^A* using a fine ring ring blank and an accurate near isothermal forging temperature.

同 ina 口金盘形锻件在空气中的近等温锻造方法，采用该方法能锻出晶粒细小的该合金盘形锻件并使锻件具有高强度。 A near-isothermal forging method in the air with an ina gold disc forging, which can forge a fine grained forging of the alloy and a high strength of the forging.

为解决上述技术问题，本发明镍基高温合金盘形锻件在空气中的近等温锻造方法是采用以下技术方案来实现的： In order to solve the above technical problems, the near isothermal forging method of the nickel-base superalloy disc forgings in the air of the present invention is realized by the following technical solutions:

该锻造方法操作步骤为：第一步，加热铸造、锻造或轧制的镍基高温合金原始棒料到 980 °C〜 1 0 1 0 °C，经镦粗、拔长、再加热镦粗、冲孔、再加热辗轧后获得细晶环坯；第二步，加热所述细晶环坯到 995 ° ( 〜 1 005 °C，同时加热锻压机上的上锻模和下锻模到 950 °C〜 965 °C _; 第三步，把加热后的细晶环坯装入并定位在锻压机的上、下锻模之间，利用锻压机上的环形加热炉对所述细晶环坯和上、下锻模进行加热保温；第四步，锻压机提供锻造压力给所述上、下锻模使其在上述细晶环坯和锻模的加热温度范围内，在空气中把所述细晶环坯锻压成形，得到盘形锻件。 The operation method of the forging method is as follows: In the first step, the original bar of the nickel-based superalloy is cast, forged or rolled to 980 ° C to 1 0 10 ° C, and is thickened, lengthened, heated and uplifted, After the punching and reheating, the fine ring blank is obtained; the second step is to heat the fine ring blank to 995 ° (~1 005 °C, while heating the upper forging die and the lower forging die on the forging press to 950 ° C~ 965 °C _{; the} third step, the heated fine ring blank is loaded and positioned between the upper and lower forging dies of the forging press, using the forging press The annular heating furnace heats and heats the fine ring blank and the upper and lower forging die; in the fourth step, the forging press provides forging pressure to the upper and lower forging die to heat the fine ring blank and the forging die In the temperature range, the fine ring blank was forged in air to obtain a disc-shaped forging.

在上述锻造方法中，所述锻压机提供给上、下锻模的锻造压力是 55MN〜65MN; 所述细晶环坯在锻压成形时的应变速率是 0. Ols'¹ 0.05s'¹; 所述盘形锻件锻后采用水冷处理。 In the above-mentioned forging method, the forging pressure of the forging press is 55 MN to 65 MN; the strain rate of the fine ring blank in the forging forming is 0. Ols' ¹ 0.05 s'¹; The disc forgings are forged after water forging.

在上述锻造方法中，所述细晶环坯的制作步骤是：第一步，加：热所述镍基高温合金原始棒材到 980° (：〜 1010Ό，镦粗得到一次饼坯，再把该饼坯拔长得到二次棒材；第二步，加执所述一次棒材到 980X 〜 1010°C的温度，再镦粗得到二次饼坯，对该二次饼坯进行冲孔得到环饼坯；第三步，加热所述环饼坯到 980°C〜 1010°C的温度，辗轧得到细晶环坯。 In the above forging method, the fine ring blank is prepared by the following steps: First, adding: heat the nickel-base superalloy original bar to 980° (:~1010Ό, roughing to obtain a cake blank, and then The cake is elongated to obtain a secondary bar; in the second step, the bar is added to a temperature of 980X to 1010 ° C, and then the crumb is obtained to obtain a secondary cake, and the secondary cake is punched. The ring cake blank; the third step, heating the ring cake to a temperature of 980 ° C to 1010 ° C, rolling to obtain a fine ring ring blank.

在上述细晶环坯的制作过程中，所述一次饼坯的高度是原始棒材高度的 1/3〜 1/2, 所述二次棒材的高度等于原始棒材的高度，所述二次饼坯的高度是原始棒材高度的 1/3〜 1/2；所述环饼坯的辗轧变形量是 35%〜45%。 In the manufacturing process of the fine ring blank, the height of the primary cake is 1/3 to 1/2 of the height of the original bar, and the height of the secondary bar is equal to the height of the original bar. The height of the secondary cake is 1/3 to 1/2 of the height of the original bar; the rolling deformation of the ring cake is 35% to 45%.

在上述锻造方法中，所述镍基高温合金的主要化学元素含量（重量百分比）是：含 C 量 0.015%〜 0.060%、含 Cr量 17.00%〜 21.00%、含 Mo量 2.80%〜 3.30%、含 Nb量 4.75%〜 5.50%、含 Ti量 0.75%〜 1.15%、含 A1量 0.30%〜 0.70%、含 Ni量 50.00%〜 55.00°/。、余量 Fe。 In the above forging method, the main chemical element content (% by weight) of the nickel-base superalloy is: a C content of 0.015% to 0.060%, a Cr content of 17.00% to 21.00%, and a Mo content of 2.80% to 3.30%, The content of Nb is 4.75% to 5.50%, the content of Ti is 0.75% to 1.15%, the content of A1 is 0.30% to 0.70%, and the content of Ni is 50.00% to 55.00°/. , the balance Fe.

与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果如下： Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

本发明所述的镍基高温合金盘形锻件在空气中的近等温锻造方法，由于把铸造、锻造或轧制的该合金原始棒材通过镦拔加辗轧工艺制作成细晶环坯后再通过近等温锻造成形，把该合金的晶粒度从锻前原始棒料的 4级细化到细晶环坯的 8级后再进行近等温锻造可使锻后盘形锻件的晶粒度达到 1 1 级（所述晶粒度均为美国标准 A S TM水平），使该合金的晶粒从锻前到锻后得以极大细化，并且锻后该合金盘形锻件具有高强度。经检测，该合金盘形锻件的室温拉伸屈服强度高达 1 506 MPa 比常规模锻高出约 20MP a，其高温拉伸屈服强度高达 1 204MP a 比常规模锻高出约 1 0MPa。 The near isothermal forging method of the nickel-based superalloy disc-shaped forging piece in the air according to the present invention, wherein the original bar of the alloy, which is cast, forged or rolled, is formed into a fine-grained ring blank by a rolling and rolling process By nearly isothermal forging, the grain size of the alloy is refined from the 4th grade of the original bar before forging to the fine ring blank. Near-isothermal forging after 8th grade can make the grain size of the forged forged forgings reach Grade 1 (the grain size is the American standard ASTM level), so that the grain of the alloy is from forging to forging. It is greatly refined, and the alloy disc forging has high strength after forging. It has been tested that the room temperature tensile yield strength of the alloy disc forgings is as high as 1 506 MPa, which is about 20 MP a higher than the normal forging, and the high temperature tensile yield strength is as high as 1 204 MP a, which is about 10 MPa higher than the normal scale forging.

由于采用本发明所述的锻造方法就可以直接使用铸造、锻造或轧制的镍基高温合金原始棒料锻造出晶粒细小和强度较高的盘形锻件，可以不依赖于采用固结粉末坯料来细化晶粒和提高锻件的强度，从而大大降低了锻造成本，并且所述原始棒料易于获得，使该锻造方法比较容易实施和推广应用。 Since the forging method of the present invention can directly forge a thin-shaped and high-strength disk forging using a cast, forged or rolled nickel-base superalloy original bar stock, it can be independent of the use of the consolidated powder blank. In order to refine the grain and increase the strength of the forging, the forging is greatly reduced, and the original bar is easily obtained, making the forging method easier to implement and popularize.

采用该锻造方法在锻造过程中由于环形加热炉一直不停地对锻模和环坯进行加热保温，可以维持锻模和环坯在规定的温度范围内进行锻造，把锻模温度与环坯温度的近等温锻造的温差控制在 30 °C 〜 5 5 °C，由于温差范围较小，有利于精确控制锻件的热力参数如等效应变、温度、应变速率等，获得组织和性能优良的锻件；而且本发明对采用多大的锻造压力来满足锻造过程中应变速率的要求也给出了具体的参数，使该锻造方法的可操作性较强。 By using the forging method, in the forging process, the forging die and the ring blank are continuously heated and insulated by the annular heating furnace, and the forging die and the ring blank can be maintained forging in a predetermined temperature range, and the forging die temperature and the ring blank temperature are maintained. The temperature difference of near isothermal forging is controlled at 30 °C ~ 5 5 °C. Due to the small temperature difference range, it is beneficial to accurately control the thermal parameters of forgings such as equivalent strain, temperature, strain rate, etc., and obtain forgings with excellent structure and performance; Moreover, the present invention also gives specific parameters for how much forging pressure is used to satisfy the strain rate in the forging process, so that the forging method has strong operability.

此外本发明的附图和实施例给出了一种形状较为复杂、变形量较大的镍基高温合金盘形锻件的近等温锻造成形方法，采用该方法锻出的盘形锻件的形状和尺寸基本沿零件外形分布，不仅实现了该难变形合金材料盘形锻件的塑性成形，而且还可以实现盘形锻件的近净成形，锻出接近零件形状和尺寸的盘形锻件；锻造时由于坯料的加热为一个火次，减少了坯料的表面氧化脱皮现象，有利于提高盘形锻件的尺寸精度，节省大量和贵重的该合金材料和机加工费用。附图说明 In addition, the drawings and embodiments of the present invention provide a near-isothermal forging forming method for a nickel-base superalloy disc forging having a relatively complicated shape and a large deformation amount, and the shape and size of the disc forging member forged by the method. Basically distributed along the shape of the part, not only the plastic forming of the difficult-to-deformed alloy disc-shaped forgings, but also the near-net forming of the disc-shaped forgings, the forging of the disc-shaped forgings close to the shape and size of the parts; the forging due to the blanks Heating is a fire, which reduces the surface oxidative peeling of the blank, which is beneficial to improve the dimensional accuracy of the disc forging, saving a large amount and expensive alloy material and machining cost. DRAWINGS

图 1 是镍基高温合金近等温锻造用细晶环坯的制坯方法工艺流程图。 Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a blanking method for a fine-grained ring blank for near-isothermal forging of a nickel-base superalloy.

图 2 是用于实施本发明的锻压机、锻模和环形加热炉的装配示意图。 Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the assembly of a forging press, a forging die and an annular heating furnace for carrying out the invention.

图 3 是镍基高温合金盘形锻件在空气中的近等温锻造方法的工艺流程图。 Figure 3 is a process flow diagram of a near isothermal forging method for nickel-based superalloy disc forgings in air.

图 4 是细晶环坯装进锻模的状态图。 Figure 4 is a state diagram of a fine-grained ring blank loaded into a forging die.

图 5 是锻模把细晶环坯锻压成形的状态图。 Fig. 5 is a view showing a state in which a fine-grained ring blank is forged by a forging die.

图 6 是图 5所示盘形锻件沿其中心线的纵剖面图。 Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of the disk-shaped forging shown in Figure 5 along its center line.

图 7 是细晶环坯的内部组织金相图。 Figure 7 is a metallographic diagram of the internal organization of the fine ring blank.

图 8 是盘形锻件的内部组织金相图。 Figure 8 is a metallographic diagram of the internal organization of a disc forging.

符号说明 Symbol Description

1 工作台 2 下砧 1 workbench 2 under the anvil

3 环形加热炉 4 下锻模 3 annular heating furnace 4 lower forging die

5 细晶环坯 6 上锻模 5 fine crystal ring blank 6 upper forging die

7 上砧 8 滑块 7 upper anvil 8 slider

9 锻压机 1 0 导柱 9 Forging press 1 0 Guide column

1 1 隔热环 1 2 盘形锻件具体实施方式 1 1 Insulation ring 1 2 Disc forgings

下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。但是，以下所示的实施例只是举例给出了体现本发明技术思想的优选方案，其并不意味着本发明仅限定于此，包含于权利要求保护范围内的其它实施形态也同样适用。 The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments. However, the embodiments shown in the following are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and other embodiments that are within the scope of the claims are equally applicable.

实施本发明所述的镍基高温合金盘形锻件在空气中的近等温锻造方法，需要提供锻造加热炉、辗轧机、带锻模和环形加热炉的锻压机和铸造、锻造或轧制的镍基高温合金原始棒料 A near isothermal forging method for carrying out the nickel-based superalloy disc forgings in the air according to the present invention, it is necessary to provide a forging furnace, a rolling mill, a forging die with a forging die and a ring furnace, and a cast, forged or rolled nickel. Base superalloy original Bar material

所述镍基高温合金的化学元素含量（重量百分比）为 - The chemical element content (% by weight) of the nickel-base superalloy is -

C: 0.015%〜 0.060%、 Cr: 17.00%〜 21.00%、 Mo: 2.80%〜 3.30%、 Nb: 4.75%〜 5·50%、 Ti: 0.75%〜 1.15%、 Al: 0.30%〜 0.70%、 Ni: 50.00%〜 55.00%、 Fe:余量、其他元素（ Ta 0.10%、 Co 1.00%、 Mn 0.35%、 Si 0.35%、 S 0.015%、 P 0.015%、 Mg 0.01%、 B 0.006%、 Cu 0.30%)。 C: 0.015% to 0.060%, Cr: 17.00% to 21.00%, Mo: 2.80% to 3.30%, Nb: 4.75% to 5.50%, Ti: 0.75% to 1.15%, Al: 0.30% to 0.70%, Ni: 50.00% to 55.00%, Fe: balance, other elements (Ta 0.10%, Co 1.00%, Mn 0.35%, Si 0.35%, S 0.015%, P 0.015%, Mg 0.01%, B 0.006%, Cu 0.30 %).

实施例 1: Example 1:

图 1 示出了上述镍基高温合金近等温锻造用细晶环坯的制坯方法工艺流程，其操作步骤如下： Fig. 1 shows a process flow of a blanking method for a fine-grained ring blank for a near-isothermal forging of a nickel-base superalloy, and the operation steps are as follows:

步骤 11：镦粗。把按锻件规格下料的镍基高温合金棒材在加热炉内加热到 980°C〜 1010°C，优选温度为 1010°C，然后在锻压机上把所述棒材镦粗到原棒材高度的 1/3〜 1/2 高度得到一次饼坯。 Step 11: Upsetting. The nickel-base superalloy bar material which is cut according to the forging specification is heated in a heating furnace to 980 ° C to 1010 ° C, preferably at a temperature of 1010 ° C, and then the bar is upset to the original bar height on a forging press. The 1/3 to 1/2 height gets a cake blank.

步骤 12: 拔长。把步骤 1 所述的一次饼坯在锻压机上进行拔长变回到原棒材的高度得到二次棒材。 Step 12: Pull up. The primary cake described in step 1 is lengthened on a forging press and returned to the height of the original bar to obtain a secondary bar.

步骤 13：再镦粗。把步骤 2所述的二次棒材在加热炉内加热到 980 °C〜 1010 °C，优选温度为 1010 °C，然后在锻压机上把所述二次棒材再镦粗到该棒材高度的 1/3〜 1/2高度得到二次饼坯。 Step 13: Bold again. The secondary bar described in step 2 is heated in a heating furnace to 980 ° C to 1010 ° C, preferably at a temperature of 1010 ° C, and then the secondary bar is further uplifted to the bar height on a forging press. A 1/2 to 1/2 height gives a secondary cake.

步骤 14：冲孔。把步骤 3 所述的二次饼坯在锻压机上用冲头冲出中心孔得到环饼坯。 Step 14: Punching. The secondary cake described in step 3 was punched out of the center hole by a punch on a forging press to obtain a ring cake.

步骤 15：辗轧。把步骤 4所述的环饼坯在加热炉内加热到 980°C〜 1010°C，优选温度为 1010°C，然后把环饼坯放到辗轧机上辗轧，使环饼坯产生内孔扩大、壁厚减小、外径增大的连续局部塑性变形，当变形量达到 35%〜45%时，得到环坯，即本发明所述的细晶环坯，该环坯的晶粒度达美国 ASTM 标准 8级，其内部组织金相结构如图 7所示（显微镜下放大 100 倍）。 Step 15: Rolling. The ring cake described in the step 4 is heated in a heating furnace to 980 ° C to 1010 ° C, preferably at a temperature of 1010 ° C, and then the ring cake blank is placed on a rolling mill to roll, so that the ring cake is internally bored. Expanding, continuous wall plastic deformation with reduced wall thickness and increased outer diameter. When the deformation amount reaches 35% to 45%, a ring blank, that is, the fine ring blank of the present invention, the grain size of the ring blank is obtained. American ASTM The standard grade 8, the internal structure of the metallographic structure is shown in Figure 7 (magnified 100 times under the microscope).

实施例 2: Example 2:

图 2示出了用于实施本发明所述的镍基高温合金盘形锻件在空气中的近等温锻造方法的锻压机 9、上锻模 6、下锻模 4和环形加热炉 3 的装配情况，在锻压机 9 的工作台 1 上依次固定装有下砧 2 的和下锻模 4，工作台 1 通过导柱 10与滑块 8连接，滑块 8 在导柱 10上可上下滑动，在滑块 8 下依次固定装有上砧 7和上锻模 6;在上砧 7和下砧 2之间装有环形加热炉 3，环形加热炉 3 沿高度方向被分为两节，该炉的上节固定在上砧 7 的底面，下节固定在下砧 2 的上面，在环形加热炉 3 的上、下节之间装有可拆卸的隔热环 11，上锻模 6和下锻模 4合模时的模腔即为本发明所述的盘形锻件的型腔。图中还用双点划线示意性地画出了细晶环坯 5 装进锻模时的初始状态。 2 shows the assembly of the forging press 9, the upper forging die 6, the lower forging die 4 and the annular heating furnace 3 for implementing the near isothermal forging method of the nickel-base superalloy disc forgings in the air according to the present invention. The lower anvil 2 and the lower forging die 4 are sequentially fixed on the table 1 of the forging press 9, and the table 1 is connected to the slider 8 through the guide post 10, and the slider 8 can slide up and down on the guide post 10, The upper anvil 7 and the upper forging die 6 are fixedly arranged under the slider 8; an annular heating furnace 3 is arranged between the upper anvil 7 and the lower anvil 2, and the annular heating furnace 3 is divided into two sections in the height direction, the furnace The upper section is fixed to the bottom surface of the upper anvil 7, and the lower section is fixed on the upper surface of the lower anvil 2, and a detachable heat insulating ring 11 is mounted between the upper and lower sections of the annular heating furnace 3, the upper forging die 6 and the lower forging die 4 The cavity at the time of clamping is the cavity of the disc forging described in the present invention. The figure also schematically shows the initial state of the fine ring blank 5 when it is loaded into the forging die by a two-dot chain line.

图 3 示出了在空气中采用近等温锻造方法锻造镍基高温合金盘形锻件的工艺流程，其操作步骤如下： Figure 3 shows the process flow for forging nickel-base superalloy disc forgings in near-isothermal forging in air. The operation steps are as follows:

步骤 21: 加热细晶环坯 5 和上锻模 6、下锻模 4。把细晶环坯 5 放入锻造加热炉内加热到 995 °C〜 1005 °C的起始温度，优选温度为 1005 °C _; 同时在图 2所示的上锻模 6和下锻模 4 的合模状态下开启环形加热炉 3 把上锻模 6和下锻模 4加热到 950Ό〜 965 °C的起始温度，优选温度为 950°C。所述上锻模 6和下锻模 4 的锻模材料选用铸造高温合金，优选的铸造高温合金其化学元素含量（重量百分比）为： Step 21: The fine ring blank 5 and the upper forging die 6 and the lower forging die 4 are heated. The fine ring blank 5 is placed in a forging furnace and heated to a starting temperature of 995 ° C to 1005 ° C, preferably at a temperature of 1005 ° C _; at the same time, the upper forging die 6 and the lower forging die 4 shown in FIG. Opening the annular heating furnace 3 in the mold clamping state The upper forging die 6 and the lower forging die 4 are heated to a starting temperature of 950 Torr to 965 ° C, preferably at a temperature of 950 °C. The forging die material of the upper forging die 6 and the lower forging die 4 is selected from a cast superalloy. The preferred casting superalloy has a chemical element content (% by weight):

C: 0·11%〜0.18%、 Cr: 10.0%〜 12·0%、 Ni: 余量、 Co: 4·5%〜6·0%、 W: 4.8%〜5.5%、 Mo: 3·8%〜4.5%、 AL: 5.3%〜 5.9%、 Ti: 2.3%〜2.9%、 Fe 2.0%、 Β: 0.012%〜 0.022%、 Zr: 0.03%〜0·08%、 Ce = 0.01%、 Mn 0.5%、 Si 0.5%、 0.02%、 S 0.01%、 Pb 0.001%、 Sb 0.001%、 Bi 0.0001%、 Sn 0.002%、 As 0.005%。 C: 0·11% to 0.18%, Cr: 10.0% to 12·0%, Ni: balance, Co: 4·5% to 6·0%, W: 4.8% to 5.5%, Mo: 3·8 %~4.5%, AL: 5.3%~ 5.9%, Ti: 2.3%~2.9%, Fe 2.0%, Β: 0.012%~ 0.022%, Zr: 0.03% to 0.008%, Ce = 0.01%, Mn 0.5%, Si 0.5%, 0.02%, S 0.01%, Pb 0.001%, Sb 0.001%, Bi 0.0001%, Sn 0.002%, As 0.005%.

步骤 22：细晶环坯 5 装模定位。卸下隔热环 11，开启锻压机 9，滑块 8沿导柱 10 向上滑动并通过上砧 7 带着上锻模 6和环形加热炉 3 的上节脱离下锻模 4和环形加热炉 3 的下节一定的高度，如图 4所示，把细晶环坯 5 装进锻压机 9并定位于上锻模 6和下锻模 4之间，关闭锻压机 9，装上隔热环 11，完成细晶环坯 5 的装模定位。在此步骤中环形加热炉 3 不停止加热。 Step 22: Fine-grained ring blank 5 Mounting. The heat insulating ring 11 is removed, the forging press 9 is opened, the slider 8 is slid upward along the guide post 10 and passed through the upper anvil 7 with the upper forging die 6 and the upper section of the annular heating furnace 3 to be separated from the lower forging die 4 and the annular heating furnace 3 A certain height of the lower section, as shown in Fig. 4, the fine ring blank 5 is loaded into the forging press 9 and positioned between the upper forging die 6 and the lower forging die 4, the forging press 9 is closed, and the insulating ring 11 is attached. , complete the mold positioning of the fine ring blank 5. In this step, the annular heating furnace 3 does not stop heating.

步骤 23: 加热细晶环坯 5 和上锻模 6、下锻模 4。利甩环形加热炉 3 对细晶环坯 5 和上锻模 6、下锻模 4进行加热和保温，以减少因上锻模 6、下锻模 4与细晶环坯 5 之间的温差造成细晶环坯 5 的热量损失，从而使细晶环坯 5 在锻造过程中保持在规定的温度范围内。在加热过程中由于隔热环 11 挡住了环形加热炉 3 的上、下节之间的炉缝从而可避免炉内的热量散失。 Step 23: Heat the fine ring blank 5 and the upper forging die 6, and the lower forging die 4. The ring heating furnace 3 heats and holds the fine ring blank 5, the upper forging die 6, and the lower forging die 4 to reduce the temperature difference between the upper forging die 6, the lower forging die 4 and the fine ring blank 5 The heat loss of the fine ring blank 5 is such that the fine ring blank 5 is maintained within a prescribed temperature range during the forging process. During the heating process, the heat insulation ring 11 blocks the joint between the upper and lower sections of the annular heating furnace 3, thereby avoiding heat loss in the furnace.

步骤 24: 细晶环坯 5 在空气中的近等温锻造成形。开启锻压机 9，滑块 8沿导柱 10 向下滑动使上锻模 6和下锻模 4 按图 5 所示把细晶环坯 5 锻压成形，得到图 6所示的盘形锻件 12，关闭锻压机 9。所述锻造过程在空气中进行，锻造压力为 55MN〜65MN，细晶环坯 5 在锻压过程中的锻造应变速率为 0.01 s―¹〜 0.05s ¹, 优选 0.03s ¹, 所述应变速率由滑块 8 的运动速率确定。在此过程中，环形加热炉 3 始终对上锻模 6、下锻模 4和细晶环坯 5进行加热和保温。 Step 24: The near-isothermal forging of the fine-ring ring blank 5 in the air is shaped. The forging press 9 is opened, and the slider 8 is slid down along the guide post 10 so that the upper forging die 6 and the lower forging die 4 are forged and formed into a ring-shaped ring blank 5 as shown in Fig. 5, and the disk-shaped forging member 12 shown in Fig. 6 is obtained. The forging press 9 is turned off. The forging process is carried out in air, the forging pressure is 55 MN to 65 MN, and the forging strain rate of the fine ring ring blank 5 during forging is 0.01 s - ¹ to 0.05 s ¹ , preferably 0.03 s ¹ , and the strain rate is controlled by sliding. The rate of motion of block 8 is determined. In this process, the annular heating furnace 3 always heats and heats the upper forging die 6, the lower forging die 4, and the fine ring blank 5.

步骤 25：盘形锻件 12 的水冷处理。从锻压机 9 中取出盘形锻件 12, 在锻态下进行水冷处理，至此，整个近等温锻造过程结束。盘形锻件 12 的晶粒度可达美国 ASTM标准 11 级，其内部组织金相结构如图 8所示（显微镜下放大 100倍），采用金属材料机械性能测试方法检测，该盘形锻件的室温拉伸屈服强度为 1506MPa、高温（ 650 °C )拉伸屈服强度为 1204MPa。 Step 25: Water cooling treatment of the disc forging 12. The disc forging 12 is taken out from the forging press 9, and is subjected to water cooling treatment in a forged state, and thus, the entire near isothermal forging The process ends. The grain size of the disc forging 12 can reach the American ASTM standard 11 grade, and the internal structure metallographic structure is shown in Figure 8 (magnified 100 times under the microscope), and the mechanical property test method of the metal material is used to detect the room temperature of the disc forging. The tensile yield strength was 1506 MPa, and the high temperature (650 ° C) tensile yield strength was 1204 MPa.

本发明所述的近等温锻造是指锻模的加热温度与锻件坯料的加热温度两者的温差在 30Ό〜 55 °C之间进行的锻造。 The near isothermal forging according to the present invention means forging between a heating temperature of a forging die and a heating temperature of a forging blank of between 30 Torr and 55 °C.

Claims

权利要求书 Claim

1、一种镍基高温合金盘形锻件在空气中的近等温锻造方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤： 1. A near isothermal forging method for a nickel-based superalloy disc forging in air, comprising the steps of:

加热铸造、锻造或轧制的镍基高温合金原始棒料到 980°C〜 101(TC，经镦粗、拔长、再加热镦粗、冲孔、再加热辗轧后获得细晶环坯； Heating the cast, forged or rolled nickel-base superalloy raw bar to 980 ° C ~ 101 (TC, after roughing, lengthening, reheating upsetting, punching, reheating and rolling to obtain a fine ring ring blank;

加热所述细晶环坯到 995 Ό〜 1005 °C，同时加热锻压机上的上锻模和下锻模到 950T：〜 965°C； Heating the fine ring blank to 995 Ό~ 1005 ° C while heating the upper forging die and the lower forging die on the forging press to 950T: ~ 965 ° C;

把加热后的细晶环坯装入并定位在锻压机的上、下锻模之间，利用锻压机上的环形加热炉对所述细晶环坯和上、下锻模进行加热保温； The heated fine crystal ring blank is loaded and positioned between the upper and lower forging dies of the forging press, and the fine crystal ring blank and the upper and lower forging dies are heated and insulated by the annular heating furnace on the forging press;

锻压机提供锻造压力给所述上、下锻模使其在上述细晶环坯和锻模的加热温度范围内，在空气中把所述细晶环坯锻压成形，得到盘形锻件。 The forging press provides a forging pressure to the upper and lower forging dies to forge-form the fine-ring ring blank in the heating temperature range of the fine ring blank and the forging die to obtain a disk-shaped forging.

2、按照权利要求 1 所述的锻造方法，其特征在于，所述细晶环坯的制作步骤是： 2. The forging method according to claim 1, wherein the step of fabricating the fine ring blank is:

加热所述镍基高温合金原始棒材到 980°C〜 1010°C，镦粗得到一次饼坯，再把该饼坯拔长得到二次棒材； Heating the nickel-based superalloy original bar to 980 ° C ~ 1010 ° C, thickening to obtain a cake blank, and then pulling the cake blank to obtain a secondary bar;

加热所述二次棒材到 980°C〜 1010°C的温度，再镦粗得到二次饼坯，对该二次饼坯进行冲孔得到环饼坯； Heating the secondary bar to a temperature of 980 ° C to 1010 ° C, and then thickening to obtain a secondary cake blank, and punching the secondary cake blank to obtain a ring cake blank;

加热所述环饼坯到 980X 〜 1010°C的温度，辗轧得到细晶环坯。 The ring cake is heated to a temperature of 980X to 1010 ° C and rolled to obtain a fine ring blank.

3、按照权利要求 1 所述的锻造方法，其特征在于：所述锻压机提供给上、下锻模的锻造压力是 55MN〜 65MN。 A forging method according to claim 1, wherein the forging press provides a forging pressure of 55 MN to 65 MN for the upper and lower forging dies.

4、按照权利要求 1 所述的锻造方法，其特征在于：所述细晶环坯在锻压成形时的应变速率是 O.Ols O.OSs 4. The forging method according to claim 1, wherein: the strain rate of the fine ring blank during forging forming is O.Ols O.OSs

5、按照权利要求 1 所述的锻造方法，其特征在于：所述盘形锻件锻后采用水冷处理。 A forging method according to claim 1, wherein: said disc-shaped forging is subjected to water-cooling treatment after forging.

6、按照权利要求 2所述的锻造方法，其特征在于：所述一次饼坯的高度是原始棒材高度的 1/3〜 1/2，所述二次棒材的高度等于原始棒材的高度，所述二次饼坯的高度是原始棒材高度的 1/3〜 1/2。 6. The forging method according to claim 2, wherein: the height of the primary cake is 1/3 to 1/2 of the height of the original bar, and the height of the secondary bar is equal to that of the original bar. The height of the secondary cake is 1/3 to 1/2 of the height of the original bar.

7、按照权利要求 2所述的锻造方法，其特征在于：所述环饼坯的辗轧变形量是 35%〜45%。 The forging method according to claim 2, wherein the rolling cake blank has a rolling deformation amount of 35% to 45%.

8、按照权利要求 1 或 2所述的锻造方法，其特征在于，所述镍基高温合金的主要化学元素含量（重量百分比）是：含 C量 0.015%〜 0.060%、含 Cr量 17.00%〜 21.00%、含 Mo 量 2.80%〜3.30%、含 Nb量 4.75%〜 5.50%、含 Ti量 0.75%〜 1.15%、含 A1量 0.30%〜0.70%、含 Ni量 50.00%〜 55.00%、余量 Fe。 The forging method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the main chemical element content (% by weight) of the nickel-based superalloy is: a C content of 0.015% to 0.060%, and a Cr content of 17.00%~ 21.00%, Mo content 2.80%~3.30%, Nb content 4.75%~ 5.50%, Ti content 0.75%~1.15%, A1 content 0.30%~0.70%, Ni content 50.00%~ 55.00%, balance Fe.