WO2008092343A1 - Battery charging method and device - Google Patents

Battery charging method and device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008092343A1
WO2008092343A1 PCT/CN2007/070619 CN2007070619W WO2008092343A1 WO 2008092343 A1 WO2008092343 A1 WO 2008092343A1 CN 2007070619 W CN2007070619 W CN 2007070619W WO 2008092343 A1 WO2008092343 A1 WO 2008092343A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
charging
voltage
threshold voltage
current
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2007/070619
Other languages
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Liyuan Zhang
Zhen Qin
Hai Li
Guang Luo
Guangchun Bi
Jiaxing Du
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN2007100872861A external-priority patent/CN101232110B/en
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Publication of WO2008092343A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008092343A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/0071—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with a programmable schedule
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to battery technology, and more particularly to a battery charging method and apparatus. Background of the invention
  • the existing lithium battery adopts a constant current and constant voltage charging mode, and when the charging is completed, the battery is floated.
  • the specific charging principle is shown in FIG. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the existing charging principle. It can be seen from Fig. 1 that in the process of charging the battery, the battery is first subjected to constant current charging, and when the charging voltage reaches the charging limit voltage, the constant current charging is ended and the constant voltage charging is performed; when the constant voltage charging is completed, The battery is floated using a float voltage.
  • the battery may enter the discharge process, and then a new round of constant current and constant voltage charging may be performed, and as shown in the above, the current lithium battery charging method will cause the charging voltage to be long, however, based on The characteristics of the lithium battery, the charging limit voltage is usually the highest voltage that the lithium battery can withstand.
  • the long-term charging limit voltage will definitely reduce the battery life and affect the safety of the battery.
  • the long-term floating charge is very likely to cause the lithium battery to pass. Charging will also significantly reduce the battery life and seriously affect the safety of the battery. Summary of the invention
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a battery charging method capable of extending battery life and improving battery safety.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a battery charging device capable of extending battery life and improving battery safety.
  • the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention is implemented as follows:
  • a battery charging method comprising:
  • the battery is charged by the constant current charging mode, and the constant current charging is ended when the battery terminal voltage reaches the charging threshold voltage, the charging threshold voltage is less than the charging limit voltage; and the constant voltage charging mode using the voltage is the charging threshold voltage is the battery Charging, the constant voltage charging is ended when the charging current reaches the charging cutoff current.
  • a battery charging device comprising: a central processing unit and a charge and discharge control unit; wherein
  • the central processing unit is configured to acquire and send a charging threshold voltage and a battery operating parameter to the charging and discharging control unit, where the charging threshold voltage is less than a charging limit voltage; and the charging and discharging control unit is configured to receive according to
  • the charging threshold voltage and the battery operating parameter are constant current charging of the battery, and ending the constant current charging when the battery terminal voltage reaches the charging threshold voltage, and adopting a constant voltage charging mode in which the voltage is the charging threshold voltage Charge the battery.
  • the battery charging method and device provided by the embodiments of the present invention prevent the battery from being at a relatively high voltage for a long time during the charging process, which can significantly reduce the deterioration of the electrode material in the battery; The service life is significantly extended and the battery safety is effectively improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional charging principle
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a charging principle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method of the present invention.
  • 4 is a schematic structural diagram and a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of realizing "four remotes" for a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of management of a battery pack module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a connection manner between a plurality of battery pack modules according to an embodiment of the present invention. Mode for carrying out the invention
  • the battery is charged by the constant current charging mode, and the constant current charging is ended when the battery terminal voltage reaches the charging threshold voltage, the charging threshold voltage is less than the charging limit voltage; and the voltage is the constant voltage of the charging threshold voltage.
  • the charging method is charging the battery, and the constant voltage charging is ended when the charging current reaches the charging cutoff current.
  • the battery charging device includes a central processing unit and a charge and discharge control unit.
  • the central processing unit acquires and sends the charging threshold voltage and the battery operating parameter to the charging and discharging control unit; the charging threshold voltage is less than the charging limit voltage; and the charging and discharging control unit performs the battery according to the received charging threshold voltage and the battery operating parameter.
  • the constant current is charged, and the constant current charging is ended when the battery terminal voltage reaches the charging threshold voltage, and the battery is charged by the constant voltage charging method in which the voltage is the charging threshold voltage.
  • Embodiments of the present invention can be applied to lithium batteries, and can also be applied to other types of batteries.
  • the battery battery pack is usually composed of one or more single cells, and the battery pack and the single battery can be collectively referred to as a battery. Since the basic entity for charging is usually a single battery, the battery hereinafter referred to generally means a single battery unless otherwise specified.
  • the charging threshold voltage of the commonly used cathode material LiFeP0 4 and the cathode material non-LiFeP0 4 is usually different, such as:
  • the cathode material LiFeP0 4 type charging threshold voltage can be 3.550V or 3.450V, and the cathode material is not LiFeP0 4 type.
  • the charging threshold voltage can be 4.100V or 4.000V.
  • the positive electrode material LiFeP0 type 4 lithium battery refers to a lithium ion battery whose positive electrode material is LiFeP0 4 ;
  • the positive electrode material non-LiFeP04 lithium battery refers to a lithium ion battery other than the positive electrode material of LiFeP0 4 .
  • cathode materials commonly used are Li-Ni-Mn-Co (ternary system), Li-Ni-Mn-Co-X (quaternary system), modified LiMn 2 0 4 and modified LiCo0 2 .
  • the charging threshold voltage of the entire battery battery pack can be determined.
  • the specific determination method is: multiplying the charging threshold voltage of the single battery by the number of single cells connected in series with the entire battery battery pack. , the result of the multiplication is taken as the charging threshold voltage of the entire battery pack.
  • the charging method in the embodiment of the present invention is constant current constant voltage charging, but the specific charging process is different from the prior art.
  • the battery needs to be charged by the constant current charging method.
  • the constant current charging is ended.
  • the constant voltage charging mode with the voltage of the charging threshold voltage is used to charge the battery, and when the charging current reaches the charging state.
  • the constant voltage charging is ended when the current is off.
  • the charging current when the battery is charged by the constant current charging method can be determined by the prior art.
  • the current common equalization charging control mode is applied to the single cells connected in series in the battery pack; wherein the set values of the different positive battery balance chargings are respectively in accordance with the existing balanced charging setting values in the industry.
  • the battery terminal voltage referred to herein generally refers to the terminal voltage of the single battery, and when the terminal voltage of the single battery reaches the charging threshold voltage of the single battery, the constant current charging for the single battery is ended; when the battery terminal voltage When referring to the terminal voltage of the entire battery pack, it is necessary to end the constant current charging for the battery pack when the terminal voltage of the entire battery pack reaches the charge threshold of the battery pack.
  • the battery terminal voltage refers to the terminal voltage of the single battery
  • the charging threshold voltage of the single battery is used for constant voltage charging of the single battery; when the battery terminal voltage refers to the terminal voltage of the entire battery battery pack, it is ensured that the charging threshold voltage of the battery battery pack is applied to perform constant voltage charging on the battery battery pack.
  • the charge cut-off current is generally equal to 0.01 C 3 .
  • the floating charging operation applied in the prior art is not performed, but the battery is placed in an open state. After that, the battery may be self-discharged or powered.
  • the battery when the battery has an arbitrary voltage value, for example, when the voltage value falls below 90%, 85%, or even 10% of the full voltage, the battery is subjected to the next round of charging by applying the constant current and constant voltage method of the embodiment of the present invention. operating.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a charging principle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the T1 and T3 processes include a constant current charging process and a constant voltage charging process.
  • the process in which the voltage rises in a curve is a constant current charging process, and the process of maintaining the voltage level is a constant voltage charging process;
  • T1 is a charging process after the battery is discharged externally
  • T3 is a charging process after self-discharging of the battery;
  • T2 is The self-discharge process of the battery after the battery is placed in an open state, and T4 is the external discharge process of the battery.
  • the battery in the process of charging the battery, the battery is charged by the constant current charging mode, and the constant current charging is ended when the battery terminal voltage reaches the charging threshold voltage.
  • the constant voltage charging mode for charging the threshold voltage charges the battery, and the constant voltage charging is ended when the charging current reaches the charging cutoff current.
  • the battery can then be left in an open state.
  • the battery can be subjected to the next charging operation by applying the constant current and constant voltage method of the embodiment of the present invention when the battery has an arbitrary voltage value.
  • the charging floor can also be set, and the battery is subjected to the next charging operation only when the battery voltage is lower than the charging floor.
  • Figure 3 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the method of the present invention. As shown in Figure 3, the following steps are included:
  • Step 310 Determine a charging threshold voltage that is less than the charging limit voltage when the battery is charged.
  • Step 320 Charging the battery by using a constant current charging mode, and ending the constant current charging when the battery terminal voltage reaches the charging threshold voltage.
  • Step 330 The battery is charged by a constant voltage charging method in which the voltage is a charging threshold voltage, and the constant voltage charging is ended when the charging current reaches the charging off current.
  • Step 340 Place the battery in an open state.
  • the battery After the constant voltage charging is completed, the battery can be placed in an open state. After that, the battery may be self-discharged or powered.
  • the battery charging method of the embodiment of the present invention applies a charging threshold voltage that is smaller than the current charging limit voltage to charge the battery; and, when the charging is completed, the battery is not floated, but the battery is placed. It is in an open state. In this way, the battery does not stay at a higher voltage for a long time during charging, which can significantly reduce the deterioration of the electrode material in the battery, thereby significantly prolonging the service life of the battery, and effectively improving the safety of the battery.
  • the above detection may include one or more of the following: detection of internal resistance of the battery, detection of ambient temperature of the battery operation, detection of temperature of each device for managing battery charging, detection of battery temperature, etc. .
  • functions such as sensors, protection chips, critical circuits, and key devices related to battery charging can be monitored, and the operating states of the devices can be determined based on the monitoring results, so that the faulty devices and functionally degraded devices can be found and updated in time.
  • “Four remote” refers to the remote communication, remote control, telemetry and remote adjustment of the battery.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram and a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a device according to the present invention.
  • the battery unit 418 is connected to the charging and discharging control unit 419, and the central processing unit 421 is connected to the charging and discharging control unit 419 and the upper computer 460, wherein the central processing unit 421 is connected to the upper computer 460 through the communication interface 422;
  • the battery pack 418 is connected to the central processing unit 421 through a detecting unit.
  • the detecting unit generally includes a current detecting unit 414 and a voltage detecting unit 415. Of course, it may further include an internal resistance detecting unit 416, an ambient temperature detecting unit 411, a battery management system (BMS) temperature detecting unit 412, and a battery pack temperature detecting unit 413. And so on, even further including the key device self-diagnosis unit 417.
  • BMS battery management system
  • BMSs The above-mentioned devices are generally referred to as BMSs. These devices are generally disposed on the same board. Of course, they can also be set on different boards.
  • an energy supply unit 430 and a load 440 respectively connected to the charge and discharge control unit 419 may be provided.
  • the energy supply unit 430 is connected to the upper computer 460 via the communication interface 450, and the upper computer 460 may be further connected to the central office 470.
  • the detection unit can implement a corresponding detection and reporting function, such as: the ambient temperature detecting unit 411 is used to detect the ambient temperature of the battery operation, and report the detected temperature to the central processing unit 421;
  • the BMS temperature detecting unit 412 is configured to detect the highest and lowest temperatures of different positions on the BMS board, and report the detected temperature to the central processing unit 421;
  • the battery temperature detecting unit 413 is configured to detect the highest and highest temperature of the battery pack at different positions, and report the detected temperature to the central processing unit 421;
  • the current detecting unit 414 and the voltage detecting unit 415 are respectively used for detecting the current and voltage of the battery pack and the unit cells contained therein, and respectively reporting the detected current and voltage to the central processing unit 421;
  • the internal resistance detecting unit 416 is used for detecting and calculating the internal resistance of the battery pack, and reporting the detection and calculation results to the central processing unit 421;
  • the key device self-diagnosis unit 417 is used to monitor various sensors, protection chips, critical circuits, and key devices related to battery charging, and report the monitoring results to the central processing unit 421.
  • the central processing unit 421 is generally implemented by a single chip microcomputer, an intelligent charging control chip, etc., and can be programmed according to the application scenario, can collect the battery operating parameters detected by the detecting unit, and determine the charging threshold voltage and the charging cutoff according to the collected battery operating parameters.
  • the battery or the like is charged, and the charge and discharge control unit 419 is charged to charge the battery pack 418 according to the determined charge threshold voltage and charge cutoff current.
  • the central processing unit 421 sends the battery operating parameter and the determined charging threshold voltage and the charging cutoff current to the charging and discharging control unit 419, and the charging and discharging control unit 419 according to the received battery operating parameter, the charging threshold voltage, and the charging cutoff current.
  • the charging operation shown in FIG. 3 is performed for the battery pack 418.
  • the central processing unit 421 can also implement the following functions: whether it is normal, and over-protection of the BMS when necessary; determining whether the working state of the battery pack 418 is normal or not according to the detection result from the battery pack temperature detecting unit 413 When the battery pack 418 is over-temperature protected; according to the current detecting unit 414 and the voltage detecting unit 415, it is determined whether the working state of the battery pack 418 is normal and whether it is over-voltage or owed. Pressurization, overcurrent, etc., and overvoltage, undervoltage, and overcurrent protection of the battery pack 418 when necessary; determining the remaining service life of the battery pack 418 based on the detection result from the internal resistance detecting unit 416.
  • the central processing unit 421 may send the detection result from the detection unit to the upper computer 460 through the communication interface 422, and may report the determination result obtained by the detection result according to the detection result to the upper computer 460; in addition, the energy supply unit 430 may also The power supply situation of the self is given to the host computer 460.
  • the host computer 460 can determine the machine room 470 from the central processing unit 421.
  • the central equipment room 470 can generate a new charging threshold voltage and a charging cutoff current according to its own logic, and send the generated charging threshold voltage and charging cutoff current to the central processing unit 421, so that the central processing unit 421 can charge the charging threshold voltage and the charging cutoff current.
  • the charging/discharging control unit 419 is sent to the charging/discharging control unit 419 to perform the charging operation shown in FIG. 3 for the battery pack 418 based on the received charging threshold voltage and charging cutoff current.
  • the above communication interface 422 and communication interface 450 can be implemented by RS232/422/485 interface, dry contact, Can bus, and the like.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of realizing "four remotes" for a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the central equipment room 470 is connected to the upper computer 460 through a service line, such as a twisted pair cable, an optical fiber, etc., and the upper computer 460 obtains the state quantity, the environmental quantity, and the quantity of the battery pack 418 through the central processing unit 421 shown in FIG.
  • the alarm amount is sent to the central office 470.
  • the central office 470 can perform local or remote on-line detection and control of the battery pack 418 to effectively detect and control the status, environmental, and alarm amounts of the battery pack 418.
  • the state quantity includes: battery charge and discharge state, capacity, voltage, current, and the like.
  • the environmental quantities include: battery temperature, ambient temperature, BMS temperature, cell temperature Wait.
  • the alarm amount includes: polarity reverse alarm, battery charging overvoltage alarm, battery undervoltage alarm, battery discharge current alarm, battery charging current alarm, battery high temperature alarm, battery environment high temperature alarm, battery capacity low alarm, battery temperature Sensor failure alarm, battery voltage sensor failure alarm, battery current sensor failure alarm, single battery high temperature alarm, single battery charging over voltage alarm, single battery discharge under voltage alarm, single battery charging over current alarm, and single battery discharge Overcurrent alarms, etc.
  • the above state quantity, environmental quantity and alarm quantity are very rich, and include the above battery operating parameters.
  • the above-mentioned battery charging, detection, monitoring, and management operations such as "four remotes" can be performed not only for a single battery pack module but for a plurality of battery pack modules.
  • a battery pack containing BMS can be referred to as a battery pack module.
  • the principle of management operations for multiple sets of battery pack modules is shown in Figure 6.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of management of a battery pack module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the battery module of the battery pack module has a communication autonomous identification unit connected between the central processing unit 421 and the communication interface 422.
  • the communication self-identification unit is used for Each set of battery packs is identified and supports communication between the central processing unit and the host computer 460 in the battery pack module in which it is located based on proper identification.
  • the communication self-identification unit may not be provided in each battery pack module, but only one communication self-identification unit shared by all battery pack modules may be provided, and the shared communication self-identification unit pairs A single set of battery packs is identified and communication between the central processing unit and the host computer 460 in each battery pack module is supported based on proper identification.
  • the communication autonomous identification unit provided in each battery pack module may be referred to as an exclusive communication autonomous identification unit, and the communication autonomous identification unit shared by all battery pack modules may be referred to as a shared communication autonomous identification unit.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the connection between a plurality of battery pack modules in the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 7, each battery pack module is connected in parallel with each other; and, each of the battery pack modules is connected in parallel with the load 440, and is also connected in parallel with the energy supply unit 430, and all the battery pack modules are also connected in series through the communication interface.
  • the host computer 460 can adjust the current required for charging according to the aggregated whole and the state quantities of the individual battery packs.
  • the upper computer 460 can also implement the alarm and the last level of redundancy protection according to the aggregated environment and the environmental quantity, protection and alarm quantity of each unit battery group, and cut off the energy input when a certain alarm level is reached.
  • the communication autonomous identification unit serving the battery module can send a fault alarm to the upper machine 460; of course, the communication failure inside a battery module does not affect the communication autonomy.
  • the identification unit transmits the relevant parameters of the other battery modules that are working normally to the upper machine 460.
  • the battery charging method and device provided by the embodiments of the present invention can prolong the service life of the battery and improve the safety of the battery.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

A battery charging method is provided. In the method, a battery is charged with constant current. When the battery voltage reaches a charge critical voltage, the constant current charge is ended, wherein the charge critical voltage is lower than the limited charge voltage. Then constant voltage charge with the charge critical voltage is carried out. When the charge current reaches a charge end current, the constant voltage charge is ended. A battery charging device is also provided. Using the provided battery charging method and device, the life of the battery can be extended and the safety of the battery can be improved.

Description

一种电池充电方法和装置  Battery charging method and device
技术领域 Technical field
本发明涉及电池技术， 尤其涉及一种电池充电方法和装置。 发明背景  The present invention relates to battery technology, and more particularly to a battery charging method and apparatus. Background of the invention
现有锂电池采用恒流恒压充电方式， 当完成充电时则对电池进行浮 充电， 具体的充电原理如图 1所示。 图 1为现有充电原理示意图。 由图 1 可见， 在对电池进行充电的过程中， 先要对电池进行恒流充电， 当充 电电压达到充电限制电压时结束恒流充电并转而进行恒压充电； 当完成 恒压充电时， 应用浮充电电压对电池进行浮充电。 在此之后， 电池有可 能会进入放电过程， 接着可能进行新一轮的恒流恒压充电， 并且在完成 由以上所述可见， 目前的锂电池充电方法会使得充电电压长时间处 然而， 基于锂电池的特性， 充电限制电压通常是锂电池所能承受的最高 电压， 长时间处于充电限制电压势必降低电池的使用寿命并影响电池的 安全性； 此外， 长时间浮充电极易造成锂电池过充， 同样会明显降低电 池的使用寿命并严重影响电池的安全性。 发明内容  The existing lithium battery adopts a constant current and constant voltage charging mode, and when the charging is completed, the battery is floated. The specific charging principle is shown in FIG. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the existing charging principle. It can be seen from Fig. 1 that in the process of charging the battery, the battery is first subjected to constant current charging, and when the charging voltage reaches the charging limit voltage, the constant current charging is ended and the constant voltage charging is performed; when the constant voltage charging is completed, The battery is floated using a float voltage. After that, the battery may enter the discharge process, and then a new round of constant current and constant voltage charging may be performed, and as shown in the above, the current lithium battery charging method will cause the charging voltage to be long, however, based on The characteristics of the lithium battery, the charging limit voltage is usually the highest voltage that the lithium battery can withstand. The long-term charging limit voltage will definitely reduce the battery life and affect the safety of the battery. In addition, the long-term floating charge is very likely to cause the lithium battery to pass. Charging will also significantly reduce the battery life and seriously affect the safety of the battery. Summary of the invention
本发明实施例提供一种电池充电方法， 能够延长电池使用寿命并提 高电池安全性。  Embodiments of the present invention provide a battery charging method capable of extending battery life and improving battery safety.
本发明实施例提供一种电池充电装置， 能够延长电池使用寿命并提 高电池安全性。 本发明实施例的技术方案是这样实现的： Embodiments of the present invention provide a battery charging device capable of extending battery life and improving battery safety. The technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention is implemented as follows:
一种电池充电方法， 该方法包括：  A battery charging method, the method comprising:
采用恒流充电方式为电池充电， 当电池端电压达到充电临界电压时 结束恒流充电， 所述充电临界电压小于充电限制电压； 采用电压为所述 充电临界电压的恒压充电方式为所述电池充电， 当充电电流达到充电截 止电流时结束恒压充电。  The battery is charged by the constant current charging mode, and the constant current charging is ended when the battery terminal voltage reaches the charging threshold voltage, the charging threshold voltage is less than the charging limit voltage; and the constant voltage charging mode using the voltage is the charging threshold voltage is the battery Charging, the constant voltage charging is ended when the charging current reaches the charging cutoff current.
一种电池充电装置， 该装置包括： 中央处理单元以及充放电控制单 元； 其中，  A battery charging device, comprising: a central processing unit and a charge and discharge control unit; wherein
所述中央处理单元， 用于获取并将充电临界电压和电池工作参数发 送给所述充放电控制单元， 所述充电临界电压小于充电限制电压； 所述充放电控制单元， 用于根据收到的所述充电临界电压和所述电 池工作参数为所述电池进行恒流充电， 并在电池端电压达到所述充电临 界电压时结束恒流充电， 采用电压为所述充电临界电压的恒压充电方式 为所述电池充电。  The central processing unit is configured to acquire and send a charging threshold voltage and a battery operating parameter to the charging and discharging control unit, where the charging threshold voltage is less than a charging limit voltage; and the charging and discharging control unit is configured to receive according to The charging threshold voltage and the battery operating parameter are constant current charging of the battery, and ending the constant current charging when the battery terminal voltage reaches the charging threshold voltage, and adopting a constant voltage charging mode in which the voltage is the charging threshold voltage Charge the battery.
与现有技术相比， 本发明实施例所提供的电池充电方法和装置， 使 得电池在充电过程中不会长时间处于较高的电压， 这能明显减轻电池中 电极材料的劣化； 因而使电池的使用寿命明显延长， 电池安全性得到有 效提高。 附图简要说明  Compared with the prior art, the battery charging method and device provided by the embodiments of the present invention prevent the battery from being at a relatively high voltage for a long time during the charging process, which can significantly reduce the deterioration of the electrode material in the battery; The service life is significantly extended and the battery safety is effectively improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
下面将通过参照附图详细描述本发明的示例性实施例， 使本领域的 普通技术人员更清楚本发明的上述及其它特征和优点， 附图中：  The above and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the <
图 1为现有充电原理示意图；  1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional charging principle;
图 2为本发明实施例的充电原理示意图；  2 is a schematic diagram of a charging principle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图 3为本发明方法实施例的流程图； 图 4为本发明装置实施例的组成结构及原理示意图； 图 5为本发明实施例中对电池实现"四遥"的原理图； 3 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method of the present invention; 4 is a schematic structural diagram and a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a device according to the present invention; FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of realizing "four remotes" for a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图 6为本发明实施例中蓄电池组模块管理原理图；  6 is a schematic diagram of management of a battery pack module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图 7为本发明实施例中多个蓄电池组模块之间的连接方式示意图。 实施本发明的方式  FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a connection manner between a plurality of battery pack modules according to an embodiment of the present invention. Mode for carrying out the invention
为使本发明的目的、 技术方案及优点更加清楚明白， 以下参照附图 并举实施例， 对本发明做进一步的详细说明。  The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.
在本发明的实施方式中， 采用恒流充电方式为电池充电， 当电池端 电压达到充电临界电压时结束恒流充电， 所述充电临界电压小于充电限 制电压； 采用电压为充电临界电压的恒压充电方式为电池充电， 当充电 电流达到充电截止电流时结束恒压充电。  In the embodiment of the present invention, the battery is charged by the constant current charging mode, and the constant current charging is ended when the battery terminal voltage reaches the charging threshold voltage, the charging threshold voltage is less than the charging limit voltage; and the voltage is the constant voltage of the charging threshold voltage. The charging method is charging the battery, and the constant voltage charging is ended when the charging current reaches the charging cutoff current.
本发明实施例所提供的电池充电装置中包括中央处理单元和充放电 控制单元。 其中， 中央处理单元获取并将充电临界电压和电池工作参数 发送给充放电控制单元； 所述充电临界电压小于充电限制电压； 充放电 控制单元根据收到的充电临界电压和电池工作参数为电池进行恒流充 电， 并在电池端电压达到充电临界电压时结束恒流充电， 采用电压为充 电临界电压的恒压充电方式为电池充电。  The battery charging device provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes a central processing unit and a charge and discharge control unit. Wherein, the central processing unit acquires and sends the charging threshold voltage and the battery operating parameter to the charging and discharging control unit; the charging threshold voltage is less than the charging limit voltage; and the charging and discharging control unit performs the battery according to the received charging threshold voltage and the battery operating parameter. The constant current is charged, and the constant current charging is ended when the battery terminal voltage reaches the charging threshold voltage, and the battery is charged by the constant voltage charging method in which the voltage is the charging threshold voltage.
本发明实施例可以应用于锂电池， 也可以应用于其它类型的电池。 再有， 在实际应用中， 电池蓄电池组通常由一个或一个以上单体电池组 合而成， 可以将电池蓄电池组和单体电池统称为电池。 由于充电的基本 实体通常为单体电池， 所以在未特殊指明的情况下， 以下所称电池通常 指单体电池。  Embodiments of the present invention can be applied to lithium batteries, and can also be applied to other types of batteries. Further, in practical applications, the battery battery pack is usually composed of one or more single cells, and the battery pack and the single battery can be collectively referred to as a battery. Since the basic entity for charging is usually a single battery, the battery hereinafter referred to generally means a single battery unless otherwise specified.
在为电池进行充电之前， 需要先确定为电池充电时所应用的充电临 界电压， 并且该充电临界电压应小于充电限制电压。 具体而言， 可以获 得电池当前的电流、 电压等电池工作参数， 并综合上述电池工作参数确 定出充电临界电压。 目前常用的正极材料 LiFeP04类与正极材料非 LiFeP04类的充电临界电压通常是不同的， 如： 正极材料 LiFeP04类的 充电临界电压可以为 3.550V或 3.450V, 正极材料非 LiFeP04类的充电 临界电压可以为 4.100V或 4.000V。 Before charging the battery, it is necessary to determine the charging threshold voltage to be applied when the battery is charged, and the charging threshold voltage should be less than the charging limit voltage. Specifically, it can be obtained The current operating current, voltage and other battery operating parameters of the battery are obtained, and the charging threshold voltage is determined by integrating the above battery operating parameters. The charging threshold voltage of the commonly used cathode material LiFeP0 4 and the cathode material non-LiFeP0 4 is usually different, such as: The cathode material LiFeP0 4 type charging threshold voltage can be 3.550V or 3.450V, and the cathode material is not LiFeP0 4 type. The charging threshold voltage can be 4.100V or 4.000V.
需要说明的是：正极材料 LiFeP04类锂电池是指正极材料为 LiFeP04 的锂离子电池； 正极材料非 LiFeP04 类锂电池则是指除正极材料为 LiFeP04以外的锂离子电池。 目前比较常用的正极材料有 Li-Ni-Mn-Co (三元体系 )、 Li-Ni-Mn-Co-X (类四元体系 )、 改性 LiMn204和改性 LiCo02等。 It should be noted that the positive electrode material LiFeP0 type 4 lithium battery refers to a lithium ion battery whose positive electrode material is LiFeP0 4 ; the positive electrode material non-LiFeP04 lithium battery refers to a lithium ion battery other than the positive electrode material of LiFeP0 4 . At present, cathode materials commonly used are Li-Ni-Mn-Co (ternary system), Li-Ni-Mn-Co-X (quaternary system), modified LiMn 2 0 4 and modified LiCo0 2 .
确定了单体电池的充电临界电压后， 就可以确定整个电池蓄电池组 的充电临界电压， 具体的确定方法为： 用单体电池的充电临界电压乘以 整个电池蓄电池组所串联的单体电池数量， 将乘得的结果作为整个电池 蓄电池组的充电临界电压。  After determining the charging threshold voltage of the single battery, the charging threshold voltage of the entire battery battery pack can be determined. The specific determination method is: multiplying the charging threshold voltage of the single battery by the number of single cells connected in series with the entire battery battery pack. , the result of the multiplication is taken as the charging threshold voltage of the entire battery pack.
本发明实施例中的充电方式为恒流恒压充电， 但具体的充电过程与 现有技术有所不同。 在充电过程中， 需要先采用恒流充电方式为电池充 电， 当电池端电压达到充电临界电压时结束恒流充电， 采用电压为充电 临界电压的恒压充电方式为电池充电， 当充电电流达到充电截止电流时 结束恒压充电。  The charging method in the embodiment of the present invention is constant current constant voltage charging, but the specific charging process is different from the prior art. In the charging process, the battery needs to be charged by the constant current charging method. When the battery terminal voltage reaches the charging threshold voltage, the constant current charging is ended. The constant voltage charging mode with the voltage of the charging threshold voltage is used to charge the battery, and when the charging current reaches the charging state. The constant voltage charging is ended when the current is off.
具体而言， 用恒流充电方式为电池充电时的充电电流， 可以用现有 技术予以确定。 并且， 针对串联于电池蓄电池组中的单体电池应用目前 常见的均衡充电控制方式； 其中， 不同正极材料电芯均衡充电的设定值 分别遵从业界现有的均衡充电设定值。  Specifically, the charging current when the battery is charged by the constant current charging method can be determined by the prior art. Moreover, the current common equalization charging control mode is applied to the single cells connected in series in the battery pack; wherein the set values of the different positive battery balance chargings are respectively in accordance with the existing balanced charging setting values in the industry.
在恒流充电过程中， 需要对电池的电压及电流进行实时或周期性地 检测， 以确保对电池进行恒流充电， 并在电池端电压达到充电临界电压 时结束恒流充电。 这里所说的电池端电压通常指单体电池的端电压， 当 单体电池的端电压达到该单体电池的充电临界电压时结束针对该单体 电池的恒流充电； 当所述电池端电压指整个电池蓄电池组的端电压时， 则需要在整个电池蓄电池组的端电压达到该电池蓄电池组的充电临界 电压时结束针对该电池蓄电池组的恒流充电。 In the constant current charging process, the voltage and current of the battery need to be detected in real time or periodically to ensure constant current charging of the battery, and the charging terminal voltage reaches the charging threshold voltage. The constant current charging is ended. The battery terminal voltage referred to herein generally refers to the terminal voltage of the single battery, and when the terminal voltage of the single battery reaches the charging threshold voltage of the single battery, the constant current charging for the single battery is ended; when the battery terminal voltage When referring to the terminal voltage of the entire battery pack, it is necessary to end the constant current charging for the battery pack when the terminal voltage of the entire battery pack reaches the charge threshold of the battery pack.
在恒压充电过程中， 仍需要对电池的电压及电流进行实时或周期性 地检测， 以确保对电池进行恒压充电， 而且， 当电池端电压是指单体电 池的端电压时， 确保应用单体电池的充电临界电压对该单体电池进行恒 压充电； 当电池端电压是指整个电池蓄电池组的端电压时， 确保应用电 池蓄电池组的充电临界电压对该电池蓄电池组进行恒压充电； 另外， 还 需要在电池的电流达到充电截止电流时结束恒压充电。 其中， 充电截止 电流一般情况下等于 0.01C3。 During constant voltage charging, it is still necessary to detect the voltage and current of the battery in real time or periodically to ensure constant voltage charging of the battery. Moreover, when the battery terminal voltage refers to the terminal voltage of the single battery, ensure the application. The charging threshold voltage of the single battery is used for constant voltage charging of the single battery; when the battery terminal voltage refers to the terminal voltage of the entire battery battery pack, it is ensured that the charging threshold voltage of the battery battery pack is applied to perform constant voltage charging on the battery battery pack. In addition, it is necessary to end the constant voltage charging when the current of the battery reaches the charge cutoff current. Among them, the charge cut-off current is generally equal to 0.01 C 3 .
本发明实施方式中， 在结束对电池进行恒压充电后， 不进行现有技 术所应用的浮充电操作， 而是将电池置于开路静置状态。 在此之后， 电 池有可能自放电或向外供电。这种情况下，可以在电池具有任意电压值， 如电压值降到满额电压的 90%、 85%甚至 10%以下时， 应用本发明实施 例的恒流恒压方式对电池进行下一轮充电操作。  In the embodiment of the present invention, after the battery is subjected to constant voltage charging, the floating charging operation applied in the prior art is not performed, but the battery is placed in an open state. After that, the battery may be self-discharged or powered. In this case, when the battery has an arbitrary voltage value, for example, when the voltage value falls below 90%, 85%, or even 10% of the full voltage, the battery is subjected to the next round of charging by applying the constant current and constant voltage method of the embodiment of the present invention. operating.
图 2可以直观地表现出以上所述的充电过程， 参见图 2, 图 2为本 发明实施例的充电原理示意图。 图 2中， T1和 T3过程包含了恒流充电 过程和恒压充电过程。 其中， 电压呈曲线上升的过程为恒流充电过程， 电压保持水平的过程为恒压充电过程； T1 为电池对外放电后的充电过 程， T3为电池自放电后的充电过程； 另外， T2为将电池置于开路静置 状态后电池的自放电过程， T4为电池的对外放电过程。  2 can visually represent the charging process described above. Referring to FIG. 2, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a charging principle according to an embodiment of the present invention. In Figure 2, the T1 and T3 processes include a constant current charging process and a constant voltage charging process. The process in which the voltage rises in a curve is a constant current charging process, and the process of maintaining the voltage level is a constant voltage charging process; T1 is a charging process after the battery is discharged externally, and T3 is a charging process after self-discharging of the battery; in addition, T2 is The self-discharge process of the battery after the battery is placed in an open state, and T4 is the external discharge process of the battery.
由图 2可见， 在对电池进行充电的过程中， 先采用恒流充电方式为 电池充电， 当电池端电压达到充电临界电压时结束恒流充电， 采用电压 为充电临界电压的恒压充电方式为电池充电， 当充电电流达到充电截止 电流时结束恒压充电。 之后可以将电池置于开路静置状态。 并且， 可以 在电池具有任意电压值时应用本发明实施例的恒流恒压方式对电池进 行下一轮充电操作。 当然， 在实际应用中， 也可以设置充电底限， 并且 只有在电池电压低于该充电底限时才对电池进行下一轮充电操作。 It can be seen from Fig. 2 that in the process of charging the battery, the battery is charged by the constant current charging mode, and the constant current charging is ended when the battery terminal voltage reaches the charging threshold voltage. The constant voltage charging mode for charging the threshold voltage charges the battery, and the constant voltage charging is ended when the charging current reaches the charging cutoff current. The battery can then be left in an open state. Moreover, the battery can be subjected to the next charging operation by applying the constant current and constant voltage method of the embodiment of the present invention when the battery has an arbitrary voltage value. Of course, in practical applications, the charging floor can also be set, and the battery is subjected to the next charging operation only when the battery voltage is lower than the charging floor.
基于以上描述， 可以总结出如图 3所示的流程图。 图 3为本发明方 法实施例的流程图。 如图 3所示， 包括以下步骤：  Based on the above description, the flowchart shown in Fig. 3 can be summarized. Figure 3 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the method of the present invention. As shown in Figure 3, the following steps are included:
步骤 310: 确定为电池充电时小于充电限制电压的充电临界电压。 步骤 320: 采用恒流充电方式为电池充电， 当电池端电压达到充电 临界电压时结束恒流充电。  Step 310: Determine a charging threshold voltage that is less than the charging limit voltage when the battery is charged. Step 320: Charging the battery by using a constant current charging mode, and ending the constant current charging when the battery terminal voltage reaches the charging threshold voltage.
步骤 330: 采用电压为充电临界电压的恒压充电方式为电池充电， 当充电电流达到充电截止电流时结束恒压充电。  Step 330: The battery is charged by a constant voltage charging method in which the voltage is a charging threshold voltage, and the constant voltage charging is ended when the charging current reaches the charging off current.
步骤 340: 将电池置于开路静置状态。  Step 340: Place the battery in an open state.
结束恒压充电之后， 可以将电池置于开路静置状态。 在此之后， 电 池有可能自放电或向外供电。  After the constant voltage charging is completed, the battery can be placed in an open state. After that, the battery may be self-discharged or powered.
由以上所述可知， 本发明实施例的电池充电方法应用比目前的充电 限制电压小的充电临界电压对电池进行充电； 并且， 完成充电时也不再 对电池进行浮充电， 而是将电池置于开路静置状态。 这样， 电池在充电 过程中不会长时间处于较高的电压， 这能明显减轻电池中电极材料的劣 化， 因而使电池的使用寿命明显延长， 电池安全性得到有效提高。  It can be seen from the above that the battery charging method of the embodiment of the present invention applies a charging threshold voltage that is smaller than the current charging limit voltage to charge the battery; and, when the charging is completed, the battery is not floated, but the battery is placed. It is in an open state. In this way, the battery does not stay at a higher voltage for a long time during charging, which can significantly reduce the deterioration of the electrode material in the battery, thereby significantly prolonging the service life of the battery, and effectively improving the safety of the battery.
为了进一步保证电池的安全性， 还可以对电池电压、 电流以外的电 池工作参数进行检测， 并综合各检测结果重新确定充电临界电压、 充电 截止电流的值， 并用重新确定的充电临界电压、 充电截止电流的值更新 以前的充电临界电压、 充电截止电流的值； 当然， 也可以将重新确定的 充电临界电压、 充电截止电流的值用于对电池进行的最初一次充电。 具体而言， 上述检测可能包含以下内容中的一个或一个以上： 对电池内阻的检测、 对电池工作的外界环境温度的检测、 对管理电 池充电的各器件温度的检测、 电池温度的检测等。 In order to further ensure the safety of the battery, it is also possible to detect the battery operating parameters other than the battery voltage and current, and re-determine the values of the charging threshold voltage and the charging cut-off current by combining the respective detection results, and use the re-determined charging threshold voltage and charging cutoff. The value of the current updates the value of the previous charge threshold voltage and the charge cutoff current; of course, the value of the re-determined charge threshold voltage and charge cutoff current can also be used for the initial charge of the battery. Specifically, the above detection may include one or more of the following: detection of internal resistance of the battery, detection of ambient temperature of the battery operation, detection of temperature of each device for managing battery charging, detection of battery temperature, etc. .
再有， 还可以对与电池充电相关的各传感器、保护芯片、 关键电路、 关键器件进行功能监测， 并根据监测结果确定各器件的工作状态， 以便 及时发现故障器件和功能衰退器件并予以更新。  In addition, functions such as sensors, protection chips, critical circuits, and key devices related to battery charging can be monitored, and the operating states of the devices can be determined based on the monitoring results, so that the faulty devices and functionally degraded devices can be found and updated in time.
另外， 还可以针对电池实现"四遥"功能， "四遥 "是指目前常被提及 的对电池进行遥信、 遥控、 遥测、 遥调。  In addition, it can also realize the "four remote" function for the battery. "Four remote" refers to the remote communication, remote control, telemetry and remote adjustment of the battery.
上述的电池充电、 检测、 监测、 "四遥 "等过程都可由图 4所示的装 置实现。 图 4为本发明装置实施例的组成结构及原理示意图。  The above-mentioned battery charging, detection, monitoring, "four remote" and the like can be realized by the device shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram and a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a device according to the present invention.
如图 4所示， 蓄电池组 418与充放电控制单元 419相连， 中央处理 单元 421分别与充放电控制单元 419和上位机 460相连， 其中， 中央处 理单元 421通过通信接口 422与上位机 460相连； 蓄电池组 418通过检 测单元与中央处理单元 421相连。 所述检测单元通常包括电流检测单元 414和电压检测单元 415, 当然， 还可以包括内阻检测单元 416、 环境温 度检测单元 411、 电池管理***（BMS )温度检测单元 412、 电池组温 度检测单元 413等， 甚至进一步包括关键器件自诊断单元 417。  As shown in FIG. 4, the battery unit 418 is connected to the charging and discharging control unit 419, and the central processing unit 421 is connected to the charging and discharging control unit 419 and the upper computer 460, wherein the central processing unit 421 is connected to the upper computer 460 through the communication interface 422; The battery pack 418 is connected to the central processing unit 421 through a detecting unit. The detecting unit generally includes a current detecting unit 414 and a voltage detecting unit 415. Of course, it may further include an internal resistance detecting unit 416, an ambient temperature detecting unit 411, a battery management system (BMS) temperature detecting unit 412, and a battery pack temperature detecting unit 413. And so on, even further including the key device self-diagnosis unit 417.
以上所述器件通常被统称为 BMS,这些器件一般都被设置在同一块 单板上， 当然， 也可以设置于不同的单板上。 在 BMS 以外， 还可以设 置分别与充放电控制单元 419相连的能量提供单元 430以及负载 440; 能量提供单元 430与上位机 460通过通信接口 450相连， 上位机 460还 可以进一步与中心机房 470相连。  The above-mentioned devices are generally referred to as BMSs. These devices are generally disposed on the same board. Of course, they can also be set on different boards. In addition to the BMS, an energy supply unit 430 and a load 440 respectively connected to the charge and discharge control unit 419 may be provided. The energy supply unit 430 is connected to the upper computer 460 via the communication interface 450, and the upper computer 460 may be further connected to the central office 470.
在实际应用中， 各检测单元可实现相应的检测及上报功能， 如： 环境温度检测单元 411用于检测电池工作的外界环境温度， 并将检 测到的温度上报给中央处理单元 421； BMS温度检测单元 412用于检测 BMS单板上不同位置的最高、 最 低温度， 并将检测到的温度上报给中央处理单元 421 ; In an actual application, the detection unit can implement a corresponding detection and reporting function, such as: the ambient temperature detecting unit 411 is used to detect the ambient temperature of the battery operation, and report the detected temperature to the central processing unit 421; The BMS temperature detecting unit 412 is configured to detect the highest and lowest temperatures of different positions on the BMS board, and report the detected temperature to the central processing unit 421;
电池组温度检测单元 413用于检测蓄电池组不同位置的最高、 最氐 温度， 并将检测到的温度上报给中央处理单元 421;  The battery temperature detecting unit 413 is configured to detect the highest and highest temperature of the battery pack at different positions, and report the detected temperature to the central processing unit 421;
电流检测单元 414和电压检测单元 415分别用于检测蓄电池组及其 所包含的单体电池的电流、 电压， 并分别将检测到的电流、 电压上报给 中央处理单元 421 ;  The current detecting unit 414 and the voltage detecting unit 415 are respectively used for detecting the current and voltage of the battery pack and the unit cells contained therein, and respectively reporting the detected current and voltage to the central processing unit 421;
内阻检测单元 416用于实现蓄电池组内阻的检测与计算， 并将检测 及计算结果上报给中央处理单元 421;  The internal resistance detecting unit 416 is used for detecting and calculating the internal resistance of the battery pack, and reporting the detection and calculation results to the central processing unit 421;
关键器件自诊断单元 417用于监测与电池充电相关的各传感器、 保 护芯片、 关键电路、 关键器件， 并将监测结果上报给中央处理单元 421。  The key device self-diagnosis unit 417 is used to monitor various sensors, protection chips, critical circuits, and key devices related to battery charging, and report the monitoring results to the central processing unit 421.
中央处理单元 421—般由单片机、 智能充电控制芯片等实现， 可根 据应用场景编制软件程序， 能够收集检测单元检测到的电池工作参数， 并根据收集到的电池工作参数确定充电临界电压、 充电截止电流等， 进 而根据确定的充电临界电压、 充电截止电流控制充放电控制单元 419为 蓄电池组 418充电。 比如： 中央处理单元 421将电池工作参数以及确定 好的充电临界电压、 充电截止电流发送给充放电控制单元 419, 由充放 电控制单元 419根据收到的电池工作参数、 充电临界电压、 充电截止电 流为蓄电池组 418进行图 3所示的充电操作。  The central processing unit 421 is generally implemented by a single chip microcomputer, an intelligent charging control chip, etc., and can be programmed according to the application scenario, can collect the battery operating parameters detected by the detecting unit, and determine the charging threshold voltage and the charging cutoff according to the collected battery operating parameters. The battery or the like is charged, and the charge and discharge control unit 419 is charged to charge the battery pack 418 according to the determined charge threshold voltage and charge cutoff current. For example, the central processing unit 421 sends the battery operating parameter and the determined charging threshold voltage and the charging cutoff current to the charging and discharging control unit 419, and the charging and discharging control unit 419 according to the received battery operating parameter, the charging threshold voltage, and the charging cutoff current. The charging operation shown in FIG. 3 is performed for the battery pack 418.
另外， 中央处理单元 421还可以实现如下功能： 是否正常， 并在必要时对 BMS进行过温保护； 根据来自电池组温度检 测单元 413的检测结果判断蓄电池组 418的工作状态是否正常， 并在必 要时对蓄电池组 418进行过温保护； 根据来自电流检测单元 414和电压 检测单元 415判断蓄电池组 418的工作状态是否正常以及是否过压、 欠 压、 过流等， 并在必要时对蓄电池组 418进行过压、 欠压、 过流保护； 根据来自内阻检测单元 416的检测结果确定蓄电池组 418的剩余使用寿 命。 In addition, the central processing unit 421 can also implement the following functions: whether it is normal, and over-protection of the BMS when necessary; determining whether the working state of the battery pack 418 is normal or not according to the detection result from the battery pack temperature detecting unit 413 When the battery pack 418 is over-temperature protected; according to the current detecting unit 414 and the voltage detecting unit 415, it is determined whether the working state of the battery pack 418 is normal and whether it is over-voltage or owed. Pressurization, overcurrent, etc., and overvoltage, undervoltage, and overcurrent protection of the battery pack 418 when necessary; determining the remaining service life of the battery pack 418 based on the detection result from the internal resistance detecting unit 416.
中央处理单元 421 可以将来自检测单元的检测结果通过通信接口 422发送给上位机 460, 还可以将自身根据所述检测结果得到的判断结 果上报给上位机 460; 另外， 能量提供单元 430也可以将自身的供电情 况上 ^艮给上位机 460。 上位机 460可以将来自中央处理单元 421的判断 机房 470。 中心机房 470可以根据自身逻辑生成新的充电临界电压、 充 电截止电流， 并将生成的充电临界电压、 充电截止电流发送给中央处理 单元 421 , 使中央处理单元 421将该充电临界电压、 充电截止电流发送 给充放电控制单元 419, 由充放电控制单元 419根据收到的充电临界电 压、 充电截止电流为蓄电池组 418进行图 3所示的充电操作。  The central processing unit 421 may send the detection result from the detection unit to the upper computer 460 through the communication interface 422, and may report the determination result obtained by the detection result according to the detection result to the upper computer 460; in addition, the energy supply unit 430 may also The power supply situation of the self is given to the host computer 460. The host computer 460 can determine the machine room 470 from the central processing unit 421. The central equipment room 470 can generate a new charging threshold voltage and a charging cutoff current according to its own logic, and send the generated charging threshold voltage and charging cutoff current to the central processing unit 421, so that the central processing unit 421 can charge the charging threshold voltage and the charging cutoff current. The charging/discharging control unit 419 is sent to the charging/discharging control unit 419 to perform the charging operation shown in FIG. 3 for the battery pack 418 based on the received charging threshold voltage and charging cutoff current.
上述的通信接口 422和通信接口 450可以以 RS232/422/485接口、 干接点、 Can bus等实现。  The above communication interface 422 and communication interface 450 can be implemented by RS232/422/485 interface, dry contact, Can bus, and the like.
在实际应用中，中心机房 470还能通过上位机 460对电池实现"四遥" 功能， 其原理如图 5所示。 图 5为本发明实施例中对电池实现"四遥"的 原理图。 如图 5所示， 中心机房 470通过业务线， 如双绞线、 光纤等和 上位机 460相连， 上位机 460通过图 4所示的中央处理单元 421获取蓄 电池组 418的状态量、 环境量和告警量， 并将获取到的信息上 给中心 机房 470。 这样， 中心机房 470就能针对蓄电池组 418进行本地或远程 在线检测和控制， 以对蓄电池组 418的状态量、 环境量和告警量进行有 效检测和控制。  In practical applications, the central computer room 470 can also realize the "four remote" function of the battery through the upper computer 460, and the principle thereof is as shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of realizing "four remotes" for a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5, the central equipment room 470 is connected to the upper computer 460 through a service line, such as a twisted pair cable, an optical fiber, etc., and the upper computer 460 obtains the state quantity, the environmental quantity, and the quantity of the battery pack 418 through the central processing unit 421 shown in FIG. The alarm amount is sent to the central office 470. Thus, the central office 470 can perform local or remote on-line detection and control of the battery pack 418 to effectively detect and control the status, environmental, and alarm amounts of the battery pack 418.
所述状态量包括： 电池充放电状态、 容量、 电压、 电流等。  The state quantity includes: battery charge and discharge state, capacity, voltage, current, and the like.
所述环境量包括： 电池温度、 环境温度、 BMS温度、 单体电池温度 等。 The environmental quantities include: battery temperature, ambient temperature, BMS temperature, cell temperature Wait.
所述告警量包括： 极性反接告警、 电池充电过压告警、 电池欠压告 警、 电池放电电流告警、 电池充电电流告警、 电池高温告警、 电池环境 高温告警、 电池容量过低告警、 电池温度传感器失效告警、 电池电压传 感器失效告警、 电池电流传感器失效告警、 单体电池高温告警、 单体电 池充电过压告警、 单体电池放电欠压告警、 单体电池充电过流告警以及 单体电池放电过流告警等。  The alarm amount includes: polarity reverse alarm, battery charging overvoltage alarm, battery undervoltage alarm, battery discharge current alarm, battery charging current alarm, battery high temperature alarm, battery environment high temperature alarm, battery capacity low alarm, battery temperature Sensor failure alarm, battery voltage sensor failure alarm, battery current sensor failure alarm, single battery high temperature alarm, single battery charging over voltage alarm, single battery discharge under voltage alarm, single battery charging over current alarm, and single battery discharge Overcurrent alarms, etc.
显然， 上述的状态量、 环境量和告警量的内容非常丰富， 包含了前 述的电池工作参数。  Obviously, the above state quantity, environmental quantity and alarm quantity are very rich, and include the above battery operating parameters.
以上所述的电池充电、 检测、 监测以及"四遥"等管理操作， 可以不 仅针对单一的蓄电池组模块进行， 而是针对多个蓄电池组模块进行。 为 了方便描述， 可以将含有 BMS 的蓄电池组称为蓄电池组模块。 针对多 组蓄电池组模块所进行的管理操作的原理如图 6所示。  The above-mentioned battery charging, detection, monitoring, and management operations such as "four remotes" can be performed not only for a single battery pack module but for a plurality of battery pack modules. For convenience of description, a battery pack containing BMS can be referred to as a battery pack module. The principle of management operations for multiple sets of battery pack modules is shown in Figure 6.
图 6为本发明实施例中蓄电池组模块管理原理图。 如图 6所示， 其中的蓄电池组模块相比较前述的蓄电池组模块而言， 多了一个连接于 中央处理单元 421与通信接口 422之间的通信自主识别单元， 该通信自 主识别单元用于对各单组的蓄电池组进行识别， 并基于正确的识别支持 自身所在的蓄电池组模块中的中央处理单元与上位机 460之间的通信。 当然， 在实际应用中， 也可以不在每个蓄电池组模块中均设置通信自主 识别单元， 而是只设置一个由所有蓄电池组模块所共用的通信自主识别 单元， 由该共用通信自主识别单元对各单组的蓄电池组进行识别， 并基 于正确的识别支持各个蓄电池组模块中的中央处理单元与上位机 460之 间的通信。 为了加以区别， 可以将每个蓄电池组模块中均设置的通信自 主识别单元称为独享通信自主识别单元， 而将由所有蓄电池组模块所共 用的通信自主识别单元称为共用通信自主识别单元。 可见， 各单组蓄电池组的环境量、 状态量以及告警等均可通过通信 自主识别单元被上报给上位机 460, 来自上位机 460的反馈也可以通过 通信自主识别单元发送给蓄电池组模块中的中央处理单元 421。 FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of management of a battery pack module according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6, the battery module of the battery pack module has a communication autonomous identification unit connected between the central processing unit 421 and the communication interface 422. The communication self-identification unit is used for Each set of battery packs is identified and supports communication between the central processing unit and the host computer 460 in the battery pack module in which it is located based on proper identification. Of course, in practical applications, the communication self-identification unit may not be provided in each battery pack module, but only one communication self-identification unit shared by all battery pack modules may be provided, and the shared communication self-identification unit pairs A single set of battery packs is identified and communication between the central processing unit and the host computer 460 in each battery pack module is supported based on proper identification. In order to distinguish, the communication autonomous identification unit provided in each battery pack module may be referred to as an exclusive communication autonomous identification unit, and the communication autonomous identification unit shared by all battery pack modules may be referred to as a shared communication autonomous identification unit. It can be seen that the environmental quantity, the state quantity, and the alarm of each single battery group can be reported to the upper computer 460 through the communication self-identification unit, and the feedback from the upper computer 460 can also be sent to the battery unit module through the communication self-identification unit. Central processing unit 421.
各个蓄电池组模块之间的连接关系可以由图 6体现， 更具体的还可 以由图 7体现。 图 7为本发明实施例中多个蓄电池组模块之间的连接方 式示意图。 如图 7所示， 各蓄电池组模块之间彼此并联； 并且， 各蓄电 池组模块分别与负载 440并联， 还分别与能量提供单元 430并联， 所有 蓄电池组模块还通过通信接口实现串联。  The connection relationship between the individual battery pack modules can be embodied by Figure 6, and more specifically by Figure 7. Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing the connection between a plurality of battery pack modules in the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 7, each battery pack module is connected in parallel with each other; and, each of the battery pack modules is connected in parallel with the load 440, and is also connected in parallel with the energy supply unit 430, and all the battery pack modules are also connected in series through the communication interface.
在实际应用中， 上位机 460可以根据汇总后的整体及各单体蓄电池 组的状态量调整充电时所需的电流。 上位机 460还可以根据汇总后的整 体及各单体蓄电池组的环境量、 保护及告警量， 实施告警及最后一级冗 余保护， 如达到一定告警级别时切断能量输入等。 另外， 当某个蓄电池 组模块出现故障时， 可以由为该蓄电池组模块服务的通信自主识别单元 向上位机 460发送故障告警； 当然， 某个蓄电池组模块内部的通信故障 并不会影响通信自主识别单元向上位机 460传输其它正常工作的蓄电池 组模块的相关参数。  In practical applications, the host computer 460 can adjust the current required for charging according to the aggregated whole and the state quantities of the individual battery packs. The upper computer 460 can also implement the alarm and the last level of redundancy protection according to the aggregated environment and the environmental quantity, protection and alarm quantity of each unit battery group, and cut off the energy input when a certain alarm level is reached. In addition, when a certain battery module fails, the communication autonomous identification unit serving the battery module can send a fault alarm to the upper machine 460; of course, the communication failure inside a battery module does not affect the communication autonomy. The identification unit transmits the relevant parameters of the other battery modules that are working normally to the upper machine 460.
可见， 本发明实施例所提供的电池充电方法和装置， 均可延长电池 使用寿命并提高电池安全性。  It can be seen that the battery charging method and device provided by the embodiments of the present invention can prolong the service life of the battery and improve the safety of the battery.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已， 并不用以限制本发明， 凡 在本发明的精神和原则之内， 所做的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等， 均 应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。  The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc., which are made within the spirit and principles of the present invention, should be included in the present invention. Within the scope of protection.

Claims

权利要求书 Claim
1、 一种电池充电方法， 其特征在于， 该方法包括：  A battery charging method, characterized in that the method comprises:
采用恒流充电方式为电池充电， 当电池端电压达到充电临界电压时 结束恒流充电， 所述充电临界电压小于充电限制电压； 采用电压为所述 充电临界电压的恒压充电方式为所述电池充电， 当充电电流达到充电截 止电流时结束恒压充电。  The battery is charged by the constant current charging mode, and the constant current charging is ended when the battery terminal voltage reaches the charging threshold voltage, the charging threshold voltage is less than the charging limit voltage; and the constant voltage charging mode using the voltage is the charging threshold voltage is the battery Charging, the constant voltage charging is ended when the charging current reaches the charging cutoff current.
2、根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述充电临界电压的 确定方法为：  2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining method of the charging threshold voltage is:
获取包含电池当前电流、 电压在内的电池工作参数， 并综合所述获 取到的电池工作参数确定所述充电临界电压。  Obtaining battery operating parameters including current current and voltage of the battery, and determining the charging threshold voltage based on the obtained battery operating parameters.
3、根据权利要求 2所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述电池工作参数进 一步包括：  3. The method of claim 2, wherein the battery operating parameters further comprise:
电池内阻、 电池工作的外界环境温度、 管理电池充电的各器件温度 以及电池温度中的一个或一个以上。  One or more of the internal resistance of the battery, the ambient temperature at which the battery operates, the temperature of each device that manages battery charging, and the battery temperature.
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的方法， 其特征在于， 该方法进一步包括： 根据所述电池工作参数重新确定为所述电池充电时的充电临界电 压， 并用新确定的充电临界电压更新原来的充电临界电压。  4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the method further comprises: redetermining a charging threshold voltage when the battery is charged according to the battery operating parameter, and updating the original charging with the newly determined charging threshold voltage. Threshold voltage.
5、根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述电池端电压是单 体电池的端电压， 或者是串联有单体电池的整个电池蓄电池组的端电 压；  The method according to claim 1, wherein the battery terminal voltage is a terminal voltage of a single battery or an end voltage of an entire battery battery pack in which a single battery is connected in series;
所述电池蓄电池组的端电压为： 所述单体电池的充电临界电压乘以 整个电池蓄电池组中所串联的单体电池数量所得的结果；  The terminal voltage of the battery pack is: a result of multiplying a charge threshold voltage of the single cell by a number of cells connected in series in the entire battery pack;
所述充电临界电压是单体电池的充电临界电压， 或者是串联有单体 电池的整个电池蓄电池组的充电临界电压。 The charging threshold voltage is a charging threshold voltage of a single battery, or a charging threshold voltage of an entire battery battery pack in which a single battery is connected in series.
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 该方法进一步包括： 将所述电池置于开路静置状态。 6. The method of claim 1 further comprising: placing the battery in an open state.
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的方法， 其特征在于， 该方法进一步包括： 当所述电池的电压低于设置的充电底限时， 重新执行以下操作：  7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the method further comprises: when the voltage of the battery is lower than a set charging limit, performing the following operations again:
采用恒流充电方式为所述电池充电， 当电池端电压达到所述充电临 界电压时结束恒流充电； 采用电压为所述充电临界电压的恒压充电方式 为所述电池充电， 当充电电流达到充电截止电流时结束恒压充电。  Charging the battery by using a constant current charging mode, and ending the constant current charging when the battery terminal voltage reaches the charging threshold voltage; charging the battery by using a constant voltage charging mode with a voltage of the charging threshold voltage, when the charging current reaches The constant voltage charging is ended when the off current is charged.
8、 根据权利要求 1 ~ 7中任一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 该方法 进一步包括：  The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the method further comprises:
检测所述电池的状态量、 环境量和告警量中的一个或一个以上， 并 上报检测结果； 根据上报的检测结果， 对所述电池进行本地或远程在线 控制。  Detecting one or more of the state quantity, the environmental quantity, and the alarm quantity of the battery, and reporting the detection result; performing local or remote online control on the battery according to the reported detection result.
9、 一种电池充电装置， 其特征在于， 该装置包括： 中央处理单元 以及充放电控制单元； 其中，  A battery charging device, comprising: a central processing unit and a charge and discharge control unit;
所述中央处理单元， 用于获取并将充电临界电压和电池工作参数发 送给所述充放电控制单元， 所述充电临界电压小于充电限制电压；  The central processing unit is configured to acquire and send a charging threshold voltage and a battery operating parameter to the charging and discharging control unit, where the charging threshold voltage is less than a charging limit voltage;
所述充放电控制单元， 用于根据收到的所述充电临界电压和所述电 池工作参数为所述电池进行恒流充电， 并在电池端电压达到所述充电临 界电压时结束恒流充电， 采用电压为所述充电临界电压的恒压充电方式 为所述电池充电。  The charge and discharge control unit is configured to perform constant current charging on the battery according to the received charging threshold voltage and the battery operating parameter, and end constant current charging when the battery terminal voltage reaches the charging threshold voltage, The battery is charged using a constant voltage charging method in which the voltage is the charging threshold voltage.
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述充放电控制单 元进一步用于在结束恒压充电时， 将所述电池置于开路静置状态。  10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the charge and discharge control unit is further configured to place the battery in an open state when the constant voltage charging is ended.
11、 根据权利要求 9所述的装置， 其特征在于， 该装置中进一步包 括： 检测单元， 用于检测所述电池的工作参数， 并将检测到的电池工作 参数发送给所述中央处理单元； 所述中央处理单元根据所述接收到的电池工作参数确定充电临界电 压， 并将所述充电临界电压和所述电池工作参数发送给所述充放电控制 单元。 The device according to claim 9, further comprising: a detecting unit, configured to detect an operating parameter of the battery, and send the detected battery operating parameter to the central processing unit; The central processing unit determines a charging threshold voltage according to the received battery operating parameter, and sends the charging threshold voltage and the battery operating parameter to the charging and discharging control unit.
12、根据权利要求 11所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述电池工作参数 包括电流和电压； 所述检测单元中包括电流检测单元和电压检测单元； 所述电流检测单元， 用于检测所述电池的电流， 并将检测到的电流 上报给所述中央处理单元；  The device according to claim 11, wherein the battery operating parameter includes a current and a voltage; the detecting unit includes a current detecting unit and a voltage detecting unit; and the current detecting unit is configured to detect the Current of the battery, and reporting the detected current to the central processing unit;
所述电压检测单元， 用于检测所述电池的电压， 并将检测到的电压 上报给所述中央处理单元。  The voltage detecting unit is configured to detect a voltage of the battery, and report the detected voltage to the central processing unit.
13、根据权利要求 12所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述检测单元中进 一步包括： 温度检测单元、 内阻检测单元和关键器件自诊断单元；  The device according to claim 12, wherein the detecting unit further comprises: a temperature detecting unit, an internal resistance detecting unit, and a key device self-diagnosis unit;
其中， 所述温度检测单元， 用于检测与所述电池充电相关的温度， 并将检测到的温度上报给所述中央处理单元；  The temperature detecting unit is configured to detect a temperature associated with charging the battery, and report the detected temperature to the central processing unit;
所述内阻检测单元， 用于对所述电池的内阻进行检测与计算， 并将 检测及计算结果上报给所述中央处理单元；  The internal resistance detecting unit is configured to detect and calculate an internal resistance of the battery, and report the detection and calculation result to the central processing unit;
所述关键器件自诊断单元，用于对与所述电池充电相关的各传感器、 保护芯片、 关键电路以及关键器件进行功能监测， 并将监测结果上报给 所述中央处理单元。  The key device self-diagnosis unit is configured to perform function monitoring on each sensor, a protection chip, a key circuit, and a key device related to the battery charging, and report the monitoring result to the central processing unit.
14、 根据权利要求 9 ~ 13中任一项所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述 中央处理单元进一步与上位机相连， 所述上位机与中心机房相连；  The device according to any one of claims 9 to 13, wherein the central processing unit is further connected to the upper computer, and the upper computer is connected to the central computer room;
所述中央处理单元进一步用于， 将所述电池的状态量、 环境量和告 警量上报给所述上位机；  The central processing unit is further configured to report the state quantity, the environmental quantity, and the alarm quantity of the battery to the upper computer;
所述上位机， 用于将收到的电池状态量、 环境量和告警量上报给所 述中心机房；  The upper computer is configured to report the received battery state quantity, the environmental quantity, and the alarm quantity to the central computer room;
所述中心机房， 用于根据收到的电池状态量、 环境量和告警量对所 述电池进行本地或远程在线控制。 The central computer room is configured to be based on the received battery state quantity, environmental quantity, and alarm amount The battery is controlled locally or remotely online.
15、根据权利要求 14所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述电池为一组以 上的电池蓄电池组， 所述中央处理单元与所述上位机之间进一步连接有 通信自主识别单元；  The device according to claim 14, wherein the battery is a group of battery battery packs, and a communication self-identification unit is further connected between the central processing unit and the upper computer;
所述通信自主识别单元， 用于对各单组的电池蓄电池组进行识别， 并基于正确的识别支持自身所服务的电池蓄电池组中的中央处理单元 与所述上位机之间的通信。  The communication autonomous identification unit is configured to identify each group of battery battery packs and support communication between the central processing unit and the host computer in the battery pack group served by itself based on correct identification.
16、根据权利要求 15所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述通信自主识别 单元包含服务于各电池蓄电池组的各独享通信自主识别单元； 或者， 所 述通信自主识别单元是为所有电池蓄电池组服务的唯——个共用通信 自主识别单元。  The device according to claim 15, wherein the communication autonomous identification unit comprises each exclusive communication autonomous identification unit serving each battery battery group; or the communication autonomous identification unit is for all battery batteries Only one shared communication autonomous identification unit of the group service.
17、根据权利要求 15所述的装置， 其特征在于， 该装置中进一步包 括： 负载和能量提供单元； 所述多组电池蓄电池组中的各组电池蓄电池 组分别与所述负载和能量提供单元并联； 所有电池蓄电池组还通过通信 接口实现串联。  The device according to claim 15, further comprising: a load and energy supply unit; each of the plurality of battery battery groups and the load and energy supply unit Parallel; all battery packs are also connected in series via a communication interface.
18、 根据权利要求 9所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述中央处理单元 为单片机或智能充电控制芯片。  18. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the central processing unit is a single chip microcomputer or a smart charging control chip.
PCT/CN2007/070619 2007-01-25 2007-09-04 Battery charging method and device WO2008092343A1 (en)

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