WO2008089786A1 - Mikromechanisches bauelement mit erhöhter steifigkeit und verfahren zum herstellen desselben - Google Patents
Mikromechanisches bauelement mit erhöhter steifigkeit und verfahren zum herstellen desselben Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008089786A1 WO2008089786A1 PCT/EP2007/000559 EP2007000559W WO2008089786A1 WO 2008089786 A1 WO2008089786 A1 WO 2008089786A1 EP 2007000559 W EP2007000559 W EP 2007000559W WO 2008089786 A1 WO2008089786 A1 WO 2008089786A1
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- Prior art keywords
- plate
- layer
- micromechanical
- mirror
- recess
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
- B81B3/00—Devices comprising flexible or deformable elements, e.g. comprising elastic tongues or membranes
- B81B3/0035—Constitution or structural means for controlling the movement of the flexible or deformable elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
- G02B26/0816—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements
- G02B26/0833—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements the reflecting element being a micromechanical device, e.g. a MEMS mirror, DMD
- G02B26/0841—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements the reflecting element being a micromechanical device, e.g. a MEMS mirror, DMD the reflecting element being moved or deformed by electrostatic means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
- B81B2201/00—Specific applications of microelectromechanical systems
- B81B2201/04—Optical MEMS
- B81B2201/042—Micromirrors, not used as optical switches
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
- B81B2203/00—Basic microelectromechanical structures
- B81B2203/01—Suspended structures, i.e. structures allowing a movement
- B81B2203/0181—See-saws
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
- B81B2203/00—Basic microelectromechanical structures
- B81B2203/05—Type of movement
- B81B2203/058—Rotation out of a plane parallel to the substrate
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a micromechanical component with a vibratory plate and a method for producing the same.
- MEMS Micro-Electro-Mechanical System
- Sensors or actuators are combined with electronic circuits on a chip or a substrate.
- Such MEMS are used, for example, as acceleration sensors for the deployment of airbags or in video projectors for the deflection of a light beam.
- Another use of such MEMS is in so-called microscanner mirrors for light deflection.
- microscanner mirrors use layers for the realization of the deflectable plates, the thickness of which is typically in a range of 30 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the requirements placed on the MEMS used in these applications are that the systems implemented in this way have a large mirror plate diameter, while at the same time a high deflection angle is to be achieved. This causes the mirror plates to deform due to their inertia relative to the angular acceleration they experience.
- 8a-b show a schematic cross-sectional view of a mirror plate 11 in a rest position and in a deformed state.
- 8a shows a non-deformed state IIa of the mirror plate 11, wherein the state IIa of the mirror plate 11 shown in FIG. 8a is present, above all, at rest or at low angular velocities.
- a state IIb of the mirror plate 11 shown in FIG. 8b this is deformed or deformed as a result of an angular acceleration about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the drawing through the center of the mirror plate, the cause of the deformation of the mirror plate 11 being its moment of inertia.
- the angular acceleration leads to an accelerating torque whose vector is directed into the plane of the drawing.
- the rigidity of the mirror plate 11 can be increased by increasing a thickness of the mirror plate.
- the latter also results in an increase of the moment of inertia, whereby the natural frequency of the vibration system of mirror plate and spring increases with the same spring strength, which in turn is the case in many applications. fertilize is not acceptable.
- the spring constant would have to be increased, which in turn, however, will lead to a greater mechanical torsional stress in the spring (s).
- the increase in the tor- sion voltage is not desirable for reasons of reliability.
- a larger moment of inertia also requires a larger drive torque in order to tilt or shift the mirror plate from one position to another in the same time interval.
- FIG. 9 illustrates a cross section of a conventional micromechanical device 21 in which a mirror plate is stiffened by means of additional structures on its backside.
- the conventional micromechanical component 21 has a substrate 23 on which a frame structure region 25 is arranged.
- a frame oxide region 27 is formed on a surface of the frame structure region 25 facing away from the substrate 23, on which in turn a frame attachment region 29 is produced on a surface facing away from the frame structure region 25.
- a rotationally suspended structure 31 is attached to the frame mounting region 29 and thus to the frame structure region 25, the frame oxide region 27 and the frame element mounted on a perpendicular to the plane and not shown in Fig. 9 Frame mounting portion 29 formed frame suspended.
- the rotationally suspended structure 31 comprises a base body 33 on which a mirror layer 35 is formed on a surface of the base body 33 facing away from the substrate 23.
- a stiffening oxide region 37 is formed, on which in turn on a base body 33 remote from the surface of the stiffening oxide region 37, a stiffening element 39 is generated.
- the stiffening element 39 is placed or arranged so that it can suppress a dynamic deformation of the base body 33.
- the frame structure portion 25, the frame mounting portion 29, the base body 33 and the stiffening member 39 are made of silicon.
- the two layers namely the handlelayer and the devicelayer, are connected over the entire surface by a so-called buried oxide layer, in which the frame oxide region 27 and the stiffening oxide region 37 are implemented, and whose thickness is typically between a few 10 nm to 3 ⁇ m ,
- the oxide layer essentially serves as an etch stop in order to be able to structure the two layers independently of each other.
- the arrangement of the mirror layer 35 on an externally accessible surface of the conventional micromechanical component 21 poses the risk of scratching the mirror layer during manufacture, while the stiffening element 39 or the stiffening structures on the back of the base body 33 or the mirror plate are formed. Because a silicon Wound disk, on which a plurality of the interconnected conventional micromechanical components 21 is implemented, lies, for example, during mass production of the conventional micromechanical components 21 on the side on which the mirror coating is later applied or already applied.
- the mirror layer 35 may already be on the front side of the base body 33 or the surface of the base body 33 if the pane rests with the front side during production, for which reason the front side or the upper side of the conventional micromechanical component 21 in any case must be protected against scratching during the manufacture of the conventional micromechanical device 21.
- the conventional micromechanical device for manufacturing the conventional micromechanical device, two independent etching process steps are required to produce, in an output layer, the frame structure region 25 and the stiffening element 39, which as shown in FIG. 9 are characterized by different height levels.
- at least one photolithographic step in the processing of a rear side of the disc at a time during production or at a point in the production chain is required, at or at which there already height differences in the production of the back of the base body 33rd existing structure are present. These height differences are in the order of several 100 microns.
- high demands on the lacquering and exposure in structuring or generating the structured regions of the conventional micromechanical device 21 are provided from one side of the substrate 23.
- Another disadvantage is that a center of gravity of the suspended structure 31 is not on an axis by the spring element not shown here, since the spring element is implemented in the same layer as the base body 33 and the frame mounting portion 29. This results in an operation of the conventional micromechanical device to the fact that additional undesirable vibration modes can occur. These undesirable modes of vibration can lead to undesirable effects in the application of the conventional micromechanical device in an electronic system and in addition present a mechanical load on the suspensions or spring elements, resulting in e.g. the reliability or the life of the conventional micromechanical device 21 is reduced.
- stiffening structure is formed by the stiffening element 39 which is connected via the stiffening oxide region 37 with the base body 33, wherein the during vibration occurring mechanical loads, such as tensile or compressive stresses to the destruction tion of the device can lead, for example, by causing a detachment of the stiffening element 39 of the base body 33.
- the base body 33 and the stiffening element 39 are embodied as monocrystalline silicon
- the occurring mechanical stress leads to a release of the stiffening element 39 from the base body 33, since the maximum acceptable tensile stress for the permanent load of the in between Oxid oxide layer running stiffening oxide range is well below a value of the maximum acceptable tensile stress for monocrystalline silicon.
- a reliability of the mechanical connection between the stiffening member 39 and the base body 33 is reduced, and thus a strength of the conventional micromechanical device is reduced.
- the electrodes formed there are structured in such a way that, when a voltage is applied between these electrodes and static electrodes formed in a region below the insulating layer, they are deposited on the static electrodes and the movable electrodes of the electrode region in the device layer Form charges of opposite sign when applying a voltage. The charges of opposite sign then attract each other so that the electrical overlap and there is a deflection of the movable frame.
- the mirror plate is arranged on one side of the plate, which does not have any recesses and in which the diametric recesses are not formed, the mirror plate is complexly located in one in the SOI Wafer formed erosion must be applied.
- a further disadvantage of the micromechanical mirror shown in the publication is that the micromechanical mirror embodied in this way can be fastened to a circuit board in a complicated manner, since the reflective layer is arranged in the hollow, so that the micromechanical mirror must be arranged such that the beam of light can impinge unrestricted on the micromechanical mirror. This requires a complicated attachment of the micromechanical mirror to the board.
- the present invention has for its object to provide a micromechanical device with a movable mirror plate and a method for producing the same, wherein the micromechanical device has improved properties and / or more cost-effective or easier to manufacture.
- the present invention provides a micromechanical device having a layer structured to form a spring and a spring suspended plate, wherein at least one recess is formed in the plate and a cover layer is disposed on a surface of the plate that closes the recess on the surface.
- a method of manufacturing a micromechanical device comprising structuring a layer to form in the layer a spring, a spring-suspended suspended plate and a frame portion connected to the plate via the spring Forming a recess in the plate and applying a covering layer on a surface of the plate, which closes the recess on the surface, enclosed.
- the micromechanical component according to the invention can have a plate with a higher thickness, without a mass or an inertia moment of the plate being increased. Due to the greater thickness of the plate, the plate has a higher rigidity, whereby a probability that the plate deforms as a result of angular acceleration is reduced.
- micromechanical components can be produced in which the plate has the same moment of inertia despite an increased rigidity, whereby a change in the natural frequency of the micromechanical component can be avoided with constant spring constant of a suspension in the micromechanical device.
- an increase in the rigidity of the plate can be achieved by increasing the thickness of the plate, while at the same time keeping the moment of inertia of the plate constant by etching away certain plate parts or forming recesses in the plate by a structure produced in this way or is reduced compared to a thick plate without recess.
- a low moment of inertia or a reduction of the moment of inertia of the plate is required in order to achieve a high oscillation frequency of the micromechanical component and to achieve an operation with a low driving force or a deflection of the plate with little effort. possible.
- the oscillatingly suspended plate can be tilted from one position to another with an equally large drive torque in the same time interval, since the moment of inertia of the plate remains constant despite increased rigidity.
- a further advantage is that, in the micromechanical component according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the spring elements and the recess in the plate can be jointly structured in a single method step, which enables a more efficient production of the micromechanical component according to the present invention.
- the mirror coating can be arranged in a depression, such as a cavity in the frame structure, whereby a probability of scratching of the mirroring during the production of the micromechanical device is reduced.
- a depression such as a cavity in the frame structure
- the plate by a higher stiffness is characterized, a structured production of a stiffening element on the plate is no longer necessary, which is why the micromechanical device according to the invention is easier to manufacture than the conventional micromechanical device 21st
- the monolithic design of the plate together with the stiffening structure does not lead to a detachment of the stiffening element from the plate or the base body 33, even in a permanent vibration load, in contrast to the conventional micromechanical device 21.
- the thus constructed vibrating element at the micromechanical device according to the invention a higher stability than in the conventional micromechanical see the device 21st
- the production yield can be increased, with a plurality of the micromechanical components being arranged on a disk, since the micromechanical components have a homogeneous distribution of the thicknesses of the plates and the depths of the recesses in the plates over the entire wafer or the entire wafer in a simpler way, and thus the moment of inertia of the plates in the composite of the micromechanical components has a homogeneous distribution over the entire wafer.
- 1a is a cross-sectional view of a comparative example of a mirror plate in a micromechanical device according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein a recess in a plate and a mirror coating on opposite surfaces of the plate are arranged;
- FIG. 1b is a top plan view of the comparative example of a mirror plate shown in FIG. 1a;
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a micromechanical device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a mirror plate in a micromechanical device according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein a cover layer and a mirror coating on opposite surfaces of a plate are arranged;
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a mirror plate in a micromechanical device according to the present invention, wherein with a cover layer between a mirror and a plate;
- FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a mirror plate with through openings in a micromechanical device according to the present invention
- Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a mirror plate with symmetrically arranged
- FIG. 7A shows a sequence of a method for producing a micromechanical device according to the present invention
- FIG. 7B shows a sequence of a further method for producing a micromechanical component according to the present invention
- 7C to E are plan views of further embodiments of mirror plates for illustrating further possibilities of the arrangement of the recesses;
- FIG. 8b shows a mirror plate deformed due to a high applied angular acceleration
- FIG 9 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional micromechanical device.
- FIG. 1 a shows a cross-sectional view of a comparative example of a mirror plate 51 in the case of a micromechanical component according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, which is cylindrical here.
- the mirror plate 51 comprises a base plate 53, in FIG a plurality of blind holes 55 of different width is formed, wherein the blind holes 55 are formed on a front side of the base plate 53 and on a rear side or a front side facing away from the surface of the base plate 53, a reflective coating 57 is formed.
- the base plate 53 consists of a base portion 53 a and a plurality of protruding portions 53 b, between which the recesses 55 are arranged. On the left and right edges of the mirror plate 51 can be seen in Fig.
- FIG. 1b shows a plan view of the circular mirror plate 51 shown in FIG. 1a, and thus again a section of the micromechanical component according to the present invention.
- the blind holes 55 of different width in the base plate 53 are shown.
- FIG. 1 b shows a trench 59 formed between the frame 79, which is only partially shown, and the mirror plate 53, which surrounds the plate 51 interrupted by the springs 81 and extends completely through the layer 53 in the thickness direction.
- the mirror plate 51 is mounted over the frame 79, for example, on a substrate, as shown below with reference to FIG. 2, so that it is swingably suspended around the opposing springs 81 plate 51.
- the recesses or Sacklö- rather 55 are arranged laterally mirror-symmetrical to a plane passing through a center of the plate 51, as to the sectional plane shown in Fig. Ib of Fig. Ia.
- the springs 81 are seated flatly.
- the mirror coating 57 is mounted centrally to the springs 81.
- the plate thus executed has cavities or trenches on a surface which, as will be explained later, even forms an outer surface of the micromechanical component, and thus an uneven surface having.
- the mirror plate is therefore in the comparative example as shown in Fig. Ia, applied to a smooth surface on the underside of the plate 53.
- a disadvantage is the embodiment of the plate 51, characterized in that the mirror coating 57 is arranged on the underside, this, as will be explained later, on a ner a substrate of the micromechanical device facing surface of the plate 53 is applied, so that the forming of Mirroring 57 in a cavity between the substrate on which the micromechanical component is arranged, and the plate is complex, and at the same time must be taken in a laborious manner precautions that the light beam can strike the reflective coating 57 unrestricted to a trouble-free operation of the micromechanical device in which the mirror plate 51 is implemented.
- the mirror plate 51 has unevennesses on a surface of the plate 53 which is arranged on the outer side after implementation in the micromechanical component, wherein residues of the substances used in the production of the micromechanical component, such as organic residues, solvents or particles can be absorbed, which adversely affect the properties of the device or deteriorate.
- the micromechanical component 71 has a substrate 73 on which a frame element 75 is arranged. On the frame element 75, a frame oxide 77 is formed on a surface facing away from the substrate 73, which serves as ⁇ tzstopp harsh. A frame attachment 79 is produced on a surface of the frame oxide 77 facing away from the frame element 75. On the frame attachment 79, the two springs 81 are attached to which the base plate 53 is suspended.
- the mirror coating 57 is formed on the back of the base plate, as already shown in Fig. Ia.
- the mirror plate 51, the springs 81 and the frame fastener 79 are implemented in a plate layer 82 and can preferably even be made in one piece.
- An electrode 83a is formed on the substrate 73, while a counter electrode 83b is formed on a surface of the base plate 53 opposite to the substrate 73.
- circuit structures are arranged, which serve to drive the electrode 83a and the counter electrode 83b.
- a thickness of the base plate 53 is increased compared to a thickness of the base body 33 in the conventional micromechanical device 21, so that a rigidity of the base plate 53 in FIG Relation is increased to a rigidity of the base body 33, while z. B. due to the existing in the base plate 53 blind holes 55 and blind openings, the mass of the base plate 53 is equal to the mass of the base body 33 in the conventional micromechanical device 21.
- the resonant frequency of the micromechanical device 71 according to an embodiment of the present invention is the same the resonance frequency of the conventional device 21, but the rigidity of the base plate 53 is higher than the rigidity of the base body 33.
- the micromechanical component 71 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is advantageous in that the reflective coating 57 is arranged on the rear side of the base plate 53, so that the reflective coating is located in a depression of the structure shown in FIG. 2.
- the fact that the reflective coating 57 is positioned in a recess does not result in scratching of the mirror coating during production of the micromechanical component 71 according to the present invention in a mass production, in which a plurality of the micromechanical components 71 according to the invention on a wafer or a disk are connected to each other and are processed, since the micromeanische component 71 can not come in contact with the mirror coating 57 at a resting of the disc in the production with a support. Scratching the mirror coating 57 is thus excluded.
- the micromechanical component 71 according to the present invention is easier to produce than the conventional micromechanical component 21, since there are no stiffening structures on the back side of the base plate, which can only be formed in a very complex manner.
- the formation of the mirror coating 57 itself is possible by means of a simple photolithographic process, which can be carried out in a simple manner due to correspondingly high tolerances with respect to the dimensions of the mirror coating 57.
- a photolithographic process can be completely dispensed with.
- the micromechanical component 71 it is advantageous in the case of the micromechanical component 71 according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention. beyond that the spring 81 extends over the entire height of the base plate 53, so that the arrangement of the center of gravity of the suspended structure 53, 57 is substantially closer to the axis of rotation than in the conventional micromechanical device 21. Thus, in the micromechanical device 71 suppresses the parasitic vibration modes much more efficiently.
- the base plate 53 can be particularly easily manufactured in the micromechanical component 71, if, as in the detailed view of the base plate 53 shown in Fig. Ia, the protruding portions 53b and the base portion 53a of the base plate 53 are each designed as single-crystal silicon, but with a different doping type , In this case, then, the projecting portions 53b, or the partial layer forming the stiffening structures, for example, can be used. While the base region 53a or the lower sub-layer is n-doped, the etch process at the n-doped base region 53a comes to a standstill by using a doping-selective wet-chemical etchant.
- the mass rate inhomogeneities of the etch rate when processing a plurality of micromechanical devices 71 co-located on a wafer and the associated variations and dimensions of the blind holes or moments of inertia of the base plate 53 across the wafer can be avoided that results in a homogeneous distribution of the resonance frequencies of the micromechanical components arranged on the disk.
- FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of a mirror plate 101 in the case of the micromechanical component 71 according to the present invention.
- the illustration in FIG. 3 is limited to the mirror plate 101 and does not show any further elements of the micromechanical component. ment 71 to which the mirror plate 101 is attached.
- the same or equivalent elements are given the same reference numerals.
- a description of the structure and operation of the mirror plate 101 shown in FIG. 3 will be limited to a description of the differences from the comparative example of a mirror plate 51 shown in FIG.
- the embodiment of the mirror plate 101 has on a front side a cover layer 103 which is deposited on an upper surface of the base plate 53.
- the cover layer 103 extends into the blind holes 55 such that the side walls of the blind holes are covered by the cover layer 103, while the cover layer 103 has been applied to the surface of the base plate 53 in the manufacturing process they also cover the blind holes 55 and form closed cavities 105 in the blind holes 55.
- the number of cavities 105, their dimensions and their arrangement are decisive for the stiffness and the Eigenfreguenz of the base plate 53, the mirror coating 57 and the cover layer 103 formed oscillating body.
- the mirror plate 101 is characterized by an increased stiffening due to the thus achieved closure or the sealing of the blind holes 55 thus achieved, since the cover layer 103 extending over the entire surface of the Base plate 53 extends, prevents bending of the base plate 53 in that it prevents a lateral displacement of the protruding portions 53 b in response to the base plate 53 occurring mechanical stresses.
- the mirror plate 101 it is advantageous in the mirror plate 101 that on the surface of the base plate 53 no unwanted substances such. As organic residues, solvents or particles accumulate or are absorbed there, the properties of the micromechanical device 71 negative would affect or affect, since the hollows 105 are sealed by the cover layer 103.
- FIG. 4 likewise shows an embodiment of a mirror plate 111 in the case of a micromechanical component 71 according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- the representation is again limited to the mirror plate 111, which is attached to the micromechanical component according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2.
- the same or equivalent elements are provided with the same reference numerals.
- a description of the structure and operation of the embodiment of the mirror plate 111 shown in FIG. 4 will be limited to a description of the differences from the structure and operation to the mirror plate 101 shown in FIG. 3.
- the reflective coating 57 is not applied to the rear side of the base plate 53 but is arranged on the cover layer 103.
- This is particularly advantageous in the manufacture of the micromechanical device 71, since all process steps for processing the base plate 53 from the top of the z. B. arranged on the disc micromechanical devices 71 can be performed.
- etching to form a cavity between the substrate 73, the frame structure 75, 79 and the mirror plate 111 is also possible in the case of the micromechanical components 71 by etching via the trenches 59 formed between the mirror plate 111 and the frame attachment 79 , so now no process steps must be performed on the back of the discs to z.
- stiffening elements can be produced or the mirror coating 57 can be produced.
- the reflective coating 57 is applied directly to the covering layer 103. Even the depressions in the covering layer 103 which occur as a result of the cavities 105 and which arise during the lateral joining of the blind holes 105 can be avoided by a suitable choice of the layer thickness of the covering layer 103. It is also conceivable to arrange a layer with a planarizing effect on the cover layer 103 before applying the mirror coating 57, so that the reflective coating is formed on the planar surface of this layer.
- CMP process step chemical-mechanical process. Polishing step
- FIG. 5 shows a modification of the embodiment of the mirror plate 111 shown in FIG. 4, a mirror plate 121.
- identical or equivalent elements are provided with the same reference numerals.
- a description of the structure of the mirror plate 121 is limited to a description of the differences in the construction of the mirror plate 121 to the structure of the mirror plate 111.
- the mirror plate 121 also applies to the micromechanical component 71 in accordance with FIG of the present invention in the manner explained in Fig. 2 is attached.
- through holes 123 or through holes are formed in the mirror plate 121 shown in FIG. 5, which extend through the entire base plate 53.
- the cover layer 103 is formed on the base plate 53 so as to cover the entire front surface or the surface facing the mirror surface 57, extending into and through the through holes 123 and Covered back or the surface facing away from the mirroring surface of the base plate 53.
- different hole depths can be avoided, which result from a laterally occurring ⁇ tzrateninhomogentician advantageously, since all passage openings 123 extend through the entire base plate 52 therethrough ,
- the depth of the holes 123 are each identical so that the etch rate inhomogeneity across the wafer has no effect on the structure of the micromechanical devices 71.
- the inhomogeneities of the etch profile and the undercut of the etch masks used in a production of the micromechanical device 71 with the mirror plate 121 have disturbing effects on the behavior and the structure of the micromechanical device 71.
- the influence of the inhomogeneities of the etch profile and the undercut of the etching masks used however, is of considerably less importance than the influence of etch rate inhomogeneities over the disk.
- the mirror plate 121 designed in this way is particularly advantageous because a point- or axisymmetric symmetrical distribution of the mass of the mirror plate 121 with the passage openings 123 extending through the entire base plate 53 is achieved can be.
- the center of gravity of the mirror plate 121 is in the vicinity of the Schwingungsach- or in an area which is less than 0.1 times a layer thickness of the base plate 53 away from the oscillation axis, or even exactly on the oscillation axis, the influence of the mass of the reflective layer or the mirroring layer 57 being so small, that he can be neglected. This allows extremely efficient suppression of parasitic vibration modes.
- the mirror plate 121 can thus be produced in a simple manner, while the micromechanical component 71 in which the mirror plate 121 is implemented advantageously has no parasitic oscillation modes due to the symmetrical distribution of the moment of inertia.
- FIG. 6 Another approach of an embodiment of a mirror plate 131 implemented in the micromechanical component 71 is shown in FIG. 6.
- FIG. 6 also only explains a construction of the mirror plate, which is likewise fastened to the micromechanical component 71 according to the present invention as described in FIG.
- identical or identically acting elements are given the same reference number.
- a description of the structure and operation of the mirror plate 131 is limited to a description of the differences. de to the structure and operation of the mirror plate 111 shown in Fig. 4.
- a plurality of further blind holes 132 or further blind openings are formed in the mirror plate 131 on the rear side or a surface of the base plate 53 facing away from the mirror coating 57 Base plate 53 extend into it.
- a further covering layer 133 is produced, which extends into the other blind holes 132, so that it covers the side walls of the further blind holes 132 and the other blind holes 132 closes, so that in the other blind holes 132 wide - Re cavities 135 are formed.
- the further mirror coating 137 is formed on a base plate 53 facing away from the surface of the further cover layer 133.
- the further mirror plate has a complete symmetry of mass relative to the center of gravity or a symmetry of the distribution of the moment of inertia relative to the center of gravity, so that the parasitic vibration modes can be suppressed extremely efficiently by such a structure of the mirror plate 131.
- the structure of the mirror plate 131 shown in FIG. 6 is particularly advantageous if the further blind holes 135 arranged on the rear side have the same dimensions as the blind holes 55 on the front side and the further blind holes 135 arranged on the rear side have the same distance from a symmetry system the mirror plate 131 have as the arranged on the front side blind holes 55.
- a point-symmetrical arrangement of the blind holes 55 to the other blind holes 135, wherein one blind hole 55 and another Blind hole 135 are arranged point symmetrical to the center of gravity considerable advantages due to the suppression of the parasitic vibration modes thus achieved.
- FIGS. 7A-B A production of various embodiments of a micromechanical device according to the present invention is explained below with reference to FIGS. 7A-B.
- 7A shows a sequence of a method for producing a micromechanical component, in which a mirror coating is formed on an upper side or a front side of the micromechanical component.
- a layer is structured on a substrate in such a way that a spring, a plate suspended in a swingable manner by the spring and a frame section are formed in the layer, which is connected to the plate via the spring.
- the step S 1 of structuring a layer is preferably carried out in such a way that a cavity forms between a frame structure, a substrate and the plate, which is arranged in such a way that tilting or deflection of the oscillatable suspended plate is possible ,
- a recess is formed in a step S13, wherein the recess z.
- the recess is produced by a step of dry etching, or the recess is structured as a blind hole or a blind opening by a wet-chemical etching process.
- the step of forming the recess may be performed when the plate has two doping regions of different doping type and the recess is formed to extend from one surface of a doping region of the first doping type into the plate to the doping region of the second one Doping type opposite doping type extends, which then serves as an etch stop.
- a cover Applied or formed layer the z. B. can extend into the recess, and even completely cover, for example, the side walls of the recess or the blind hole.
- the application of the cover layer can be carried out so that forms a closed cavity in the recess.
- a surface of the cover layer facing away from the plate is planarized or polished, wherein the polishing can be carried out, for example, by means of a chemical-mechanical polishing.
- the polishing of the surface of the cover layer serves to remove a depression to be formed on the surface of the cover layer over the closed cavity and thus to produce a planar surface of the cover layer.
- the mirror coating is formed.
- FIG. 7B likewise shows a sequence of a method for producing a micromechanical component according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, with the sequence explained in FIG. 7B producing the micromechanical component by means of etching two opposite sides of the component.
- the plate layer is formed from a front side or a surface of the plate layer in a step S21 structures a spring, an etch trench extending from the surface of the plate to the etch stop layer, and a frame portion in the plate layer.
- a recess In the plate is then formed in a step S23, a recess, wherein the step of forming the recess z. B. by a wet-chemical etching or dry chemical etching can take place.
- Step S25 from a surface of the substrate facing away from the plate, performs a cavity in the sacrificial layer by removing a material of the sacrificial layer so that the cavity in the sacrificial material extends from the substrate to the etch stop layer.
- the etch stop layer thus serves to both stop the etching process in structuring S21 of the layer, and at the same time to stop the etching process for forming S25 of the cavity and thus to stop the etching processes, which are performed by two opposite surfaces of the device.
- the removal of a sacrificial material in the sacrificial layer can be carried out by means of a wet-chemical etching or a dry-chemical etching.
- a surface of the etching stopper layer facing the substrate is treated so that a portion of the etching stopper layer is removed, and the cavity extends from the substrate to the disk.
- the step S25 of forming the cavity and the step S27 of removing the etching stop layer are thereby preferably carried out so that a frame structure is formed, on which the plate is suspended by the spring, and the frame portion, a remaining part of the etch stop layer and a remaining part of the sacrificial layer.
- rinsing or cleaning of the surface of the cavity occurs to remove particles of the etchant and to produce a planar or smooth surface.
- a mirror coating is formed in a step S29.
- Forming the reflective coating on a surface of the plate facing the substrate is advantageous in that the reflective coating is positioned in the cavity, and even if the micromechanical device rests on the front side or on a surface of the plate facing away from the cavity, then the mirror coating does not scratch can be.
- a cover layer is applied on a surface facing away from the substrate, in order, inter alia, to reduce the flow resistance of the plate during the deflection processes.
- the base plate 53 is made of any material, e.g. a semiconductor material, and preferably made of a silicon.
- the cover layer 103 or the further cover layer 133 is made of any material, such as a mirror. a thermal oxide, a deposited oxide, e.g. an undoped oxide or a doped silicon oxide, a silicon nitride, a polysilicon, a metal, e.g.
- an embodiment of the cover layer which consists of different regions of different materials, for example, in particular the area of the cover layer 103 arranged on the lower side of the base plate 53 in the mirror plate 121, for example from another Material could be embodied as the area of the cover layer 103 on the front side or upper side of the base plate 53.
- the electrodes 83a, 83b are made of any conductive material such as a polysilicon or a metal such as aluminum or copper. It is also conceivable for the mirror plates 101, 111, 131 any number of blind holes 55, such as, for example, only one blind hole 55, wherein the blind holes or the blind hole can have any dimensions. In the mirror plates 101, 111, 131, the cover layer extends into the Blind holes 55 in that the cover layer 103, 133, the side walls of the blind holes 55 132 completely covered.
- the covering layer extends into the blind holes 55 in such a way that the blind holes 55, 132 are completely filled with the material of the covering layer 103, so that stiffening of the mirror plate 51, 101, 111, 131 is improved is.
- This is particularly advantageous when the material of the cover layer 103 has a lower density than the material of the base plate 53 or a higher modulus of elasticity than the material from which the base plate 53 is made.
- the through holes 123 may be completely filled with the material of the cover layer 103 or any other material, and also in the mirror plate 121, the material disposed in the through hole 123 is preferably lower in density than the material of the base plate 53 or has a higher modulus of elasticity than the material of the base plate 53.
- the cavities 57 arranged in the blind holes 55 or the cavities 135 arranged in the further blind holes 132 are preferably closed, so that a flow resistance is reduced when the plate vibrates.
- embodiments of the mirror plates 101, 111, 131 in which the cavities 105 or the further cavity 135 are not closed or opened are also conceivable.
- the mirror plates 101, 111, 121, 131 preferably have a laterally round shape or cylindrical shape, but any shapes of the mirror plates 101, 111, 121, 131 are alternatives thereto.
- a thickness of the base plate 53 is in a direction perpendicular to the surface in which the blind holes or through holes are formed, or in other words, in a direction perpendicular to a surface of the base plate facing away from the substrate 73 53 preferably in one Range of 30 .mu.m to 100 .mu.m, however, any thicknesses of the base plate 53 are alternatives to this.
- the reflective coating 57 is preferably made of a reflective material, such as e.g. Aluminum, and may be arranged in the micromechanical components 101, 111, 121, 131 both on the front and on the back or only on one of the two sides.
- a reflective material such as e.g. Aluminum
- the mirror coating 57 or the further mirror coating 137 could be omitted if the mirror plates 101, 111, 121, 131 are implemented in any further micromechanical component.
- the micromechanical component 71 according to the present invention instead of e.g. is used for deflecting light or for wavelength modulation in any application, such as then without the mirroring 57 in an airbag sensor.
- the reflective coating 57 on the front side and the further reflective coating 137 on the backside preferably have the same material and within a tolerance of 1: 1.2 have the same lateral dimensions and / or the same layer thicknesses.
- any relations of the dimensions of the mirroring 57 and the further mirroring 137 are alternatives for this purpose, wherein the mirroring 57 and the further play 137 can also be made of any material which is different from one another.
- the regions of the cover layer 103 which are respectively arranged on the two surfaces of the base plate 53 facing away from one another have the same lateral dimensions and / or the same layer thicknesses within a tolerance of 1: 1.2 made of the same material, however, the dimensions of the areas of the cover layer 103 on the two turned surfaces of the base plate 53 have any relations to each other. It is also conceivable that the two regions of the covering layer 103 have on the surfaces of the base plate 53 facing away from each other any materials which may also differ from each other.
- the base plate 53 is suspended on the two springs 81 on the frame attachment 79, but the base plate 71 by means of any number of springs, such as. B. also only one spring, be suspended from the frame attachment 79, which could be attached or arranged in any manner on the base plate 53, but is formed in the same layer as this.
- the spring (s) could not only act as torsion springs but also, for example, as torsion springs.
- spring (s), frame and plate with recess therein are formed in one layer. This may mean, for example, that the underlying lattice structure of the layer which forms these elements is uniform and the same over the entire layer, or else that the layer without layer bonding is merely formed in several stages merely by growth or coating.
- the step S, S13 of patterning the layer may be performed in any manner, such as e.g. wet-chemical etching or dry etching both from a front side of the micromechanical component and from a back side of the micromechanical component.
- the step S13, S23 of forming a recess in the plate or the base plate 53 can by means of an arbitrary a treatment step of a surface of the plate, such as a wet-chemical etching or a dry-chemical etching or even a combination of a wet-chemical and a dry-chemical etch. It is also conceivable here to form a recess both on the upper side of the plate and on the underside of the plate, eg by recesses, such as a sack, from both the upper side or the front side of the plate and the lower side or the rear side of the plate - Etched holes or through holes in the plate. Furthermore, in the case of the method for producing the micromechanical device according to the present invention shown in FIG.
- cover layer instead of polishing the cover layer in step S17, so that one of the Plate remote surface of the cover layer forms a planar surface on which then the mirror coating can be applied.
- the cover layer could also be applied so that it has a sufficiently high thickness, so that the recesses forming above the recesses have only small or uncritical dimensions.
- a concavity is formed in the sacrificial layer by, for. B.
- the sacrificial material is removed in the sacrificial layer by means of a wet-chemical etching, a dry-chemical etching and a combination of a wet-chemical etching and a dry-chemical etching, so that forms a hollow, which from a portion of the sacrificial layer , the etch stop layer and the substrate is enclosed.
- the removal of the sacrificial material to form S25 of the cavity can take place by means of any etching process.
- removal S27 of the etch stop layer may be accomplished by any method of treating a surface, such as a surface.
- B. also be carried out a selective etching, in which z.
- the material of the sacrificial layer is not etched or removed while the material of the etch stop layer is removed.
- FIGS. 7C to E show plan views of further exemplary embodiments of circular mirror plates for illustrating further possibilities of arranging the recesses.
- the same reference numerals have been used for the plate, the springs and the recesses as in Fig. 2 or Fig. Ia and b, so that a repeated description of these elements is omitted in this respect. Only the special features of the position and arrangement of the recesses or braces with respect to FIGS. 1a and b are described.
- a recess 55 ie a thin plate area, is located in the center of the plate 51.
- FIG. 7C it is surrounded by four further thin regions of the plate or recesses 55, which results in a bracing 200, ie an area where the plate layer is un-thinned, or the center of the plate revolves twice.
- a bracing 200 ie an area where the plate layer is un-thinned, or the center of the plate revolves twice.
- the area division is a little more complicated.
- the area division of Fig. 7C is also included here approximately, but in a direction transverse to the axis of rotation compressed form, with further thin portions project radially inward from the outside, so that the strut 200 centrally between the two axes 81 away from the axis of rotation protrudes outwards, where the largest deflection of the plate 51 results.
- FIG. 7E the arrangement of FIG.
- FIG. 7C occurs approximately in a form compressed in the direction of the axis of rotation, with additional portions of the strut 200 in the radial direction inclined to both the axis of rotation and the mid-perpendicular of the connecting line between the springs 81 extend outwardly.
- Fig. 7F is similar to the case of Fig. 7C with respect to the arrangement of the recesses, with the difference that in Fig. 7F the central recess is absent. Other arrangements are of course also possible and conceivable.
- the bracing structure resulting from the recess (s) has both portions extending transversely to the axis of rotation and portions tangential or circumferential, such as a closed bracing ring around Center of the plate around.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Micromachines (AREA)
- Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
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DE112007003051T DE112007003051B4 (de) | 2007-01-23 | 2007-01-23 | Mikromechanisches Bauelement mit erhöhter Steifigkeit und Verfahren zum Herstellen desselben |
PCT/EP2007/000559 WO2008089786A1 (de) | 2007-01-23 | 2007-01-23 | Mikromechanisches bauelement mit erhöhter steifigkeit und verfahren zum herstellen desselben |
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PCT/EP2007/000559 WO2008089786A1 (de) | 2007-01-23 | 2007-01-23 | Mikromechanisches bauelement mit erhöhter steifigkeit und verfahren zum herstellen desselben |
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JP2015059976A (ja) * | 2013-09-17 | 2015-03-30 | スタンレー電気株式会社 | 光偏向ミラー及びこれを用いた光偏向器 |
US9663354B2 (en) | 2014-05-14 | 2017-05-30 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Mechanical stress-decoupling in semiconductor device |
WO2019115263A1 (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2019-06-20 | Blickfeld GmbH | Two-part mirror |
CN111312943A (zh) * | 2018-12-11 | 2020-06-19 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 电池组框架 |
WO2020125870A1 (de) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-06-25 | Blickfeld GmbH | Spiegel |
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EP2706394B1 (de) * | 2012-09-11 | 2021-07-14 | Stanley Electric Co., Ltd. | Optisches Ablenkelement mit Spiegel mit versenkter Rippe auf seiner Rückseite |
JP2015059976A (ja) * | 2013-09-17 | 2015-03-30 | スタンレー電気株式会社 | 光偏向ミラー及びこれを用いた光偏向器 |
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WO2019115263A1 (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2019-06-20 | Blickfeld GmbH | Two-part mirror |
CN111312943A (zh) * | 2018-12-11 | 2020-06-19 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 电池组框架 |
WO2020125870A1 (de) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-06-25 | Blickfeld GmbH | Spiegel |
Also Published As
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DE112007003051A5 (de) | 2009-10-01 |
DE112007003051B4 (de) | 2012-12-20 |
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