WO2008086737A1

WO2008086737A1 - A technique for repairing, strengthening and crack arrest of pipe

Info

Publication number: WO2008086737A1
Application number: PCT/CN2008/000099
Authority: WO
Inventors: Minxu Lu; Xiuyun Wang; Jinghong Ruan; Guo Liu; Jinyou Wang
Original assignee: Beijing Safetech Pipeline Co., Ltd.
Priority date: 2007-01-15
Filing date: 2008-01-15
Publication date: 2008-07-24
Also published as: CN101205999B; US20100147409A1; CN101205999A

Abstract

A method for repairing/strengthening and crack arrest of pipe, especially metal pipe, in which, first, to cover an insulated material on the position needing repairing/strengthening and crack arrest, then to lay a high strength fiber composite material. The modulus of elasticity of the material used in the invention is close to the metal pipe's, it can be integrated with the pipe and bear the internal pressure with the pipe, thus the final composite pipe reaches required bear capacity, such as, the original most operation pressure of pipe can be recovered; and it can take effect for crack arrest of pipes when pipes happen burst accident. Otherwise, because of the insulated material is used on the bottom layer, it prevent thoroughly from galvanic corrosion between pipe and strengthening material. The method can be implemented simply and without fire, it is advantageous to tight joint between strengthening material and pipe, and between strengthening layers, and it can be used to repair and enhance the pipeline in use.

Description

管道的修复补强、增强和 /或止裂技术' 技术领域 Reinforcement, reinforcement and/or crack arrest technology for pipelines' Technical field

本发明涉及用绝缘材料和纤维复合材料对管道，特别是金属管道进行修复补强、增强和 /或止裂的技术，更具体地，本发明涉及将绝缘复合材料与高强度树脂基纤维复合材料相结合对管道进行修复补强、增强和 /或止裂的方法，以及所述方法在输送管道中的应用。背景技术 The present invention relates to a technique for repairing, reinforcing, and/or arresting a pipe, particularly a metal pipe, with an insulating material and a fiber composite material. More specifically, the present invention relates to an insulating composite material and a high strength resin-based fiber composite material. A method of repairing reinforcement, reinforcement and/or crack arresting of a pipeline, and application of the method in a pipeline. Background technique

油气管道运输是国民经济五大运输产业之一 ,仅目前我国油气长输管道就达 5万余公里。这些管道在长期服役过程中，由于受到地层压力、土壤腐蚀、电偶腐蚀、外力损伤等作用，造成管道爆裂、泄漏等事故发生；或者由于输送要求的提高，现有的输送能力不足或者设计能力不足，不能按要求提压；或者由于管道经过的地区类别发生变化，安全性有更高要求。这些均影响管道的正常输送作业。国内外常有油气管道***和泄漏事故发生，如 1989 年，前苏联乌拉尔输气管道***一次伤亡 1024人；北美也曾发生输气管道一次***开裂 13公里的大事故。大量的现场调查表明，我国在役油气管线 60%以上已进入事故多发期。 Oil and gas pipeline transportation is one of the five major transportation industries of the national economy. At present, China's oil and gas long-distance pipelines have reached more than 50,000 kilometers. During long-term service, these pipelines are caused by formation pressure, soil corrosion, galvanic corrosion, external force damage, etc., causing accidents such as pipe bursts and leaks; or due to increased transportation requirements, existing transmission capacity is insufficient or design capability Insufficient, can not be pressured as required; or because of the change in the type of area through which the pipeline passes, the safety has higher requirements. These all affect the normal handling of the pipeline. There are often oil and gas pipeline blasting and leakage accidents at home and abroad. For example, in 1989, there were 1024 casualties in the Ural gas pipeline of the former Soviet Union. In North America, there was also a gas pipeline with a blasting crack of 13 kilometers. A large number of on-site investigations have shown that more than 60% of the in-service oil and gas pipelines in China have entered the accident-prone period.

通常，有缺陷的油气输送管道在运行作业时，往往采取降压输送的做法；输送要求提高或管道地区类别变化，而现有条件不能满足时，大部分是维持现有状况，不得已时新建管道。这样不仅影响了正常的生产作业，而且大大增加了运行成本。因此开发一种效果好、安全性高、便于实施的对管道进行修复补强和增强的方法是本领域追求的目标。 Generally, defective oil and gas pipelines often adopt the method of step-down transportation when operating operations; when the transportation requirements are increased or the pipeline area changes, and the existing conditions cannot be met, most of them are to maintain the existing conditions, and new pipelines are allowed when necessary. . This not only affects normal production operations, but also greatly increases operating costs. Therefore, it is a goal pursued in the art to develop a method for repairing, reinforcing, and enhancing a pipeline that is effective, safe, and easy to implement.

在现有的油气管道外缺陷修复补强技术中，主要有传统的焊接补疤和复合材料补强等方法。由于焊接补疤过程中有可能发生焊穿和产生氢脆的危险，特别对于不停输的输气管线，一般建议不采用此方法。而树脂基复合材料由于具有轻质高强、抗腐蚀、耐久性好、施工筒便、不影响结构的外观等优异特性，已被国内外的油气公司用于管道补强。如美国 Clockspi'ing公司的复合材料补强技术，它是采用间苯二甲酸型不饱和聚酯与 E-玻璃纤维复合成片材，采用干铺法包裹于金属管道表面，在层与层之间用环氧粘结剂粘结。这种技术的缺点有两个：一是施工过程中，无法保证复合片材与管体、复合片材层与层之间的紧密贴合；另一是玻璃纤维的弹性模量及强度均较低，所以补强层的厚度会较厚，对后续防腐造成一定困难，对基体承载能力的提高程度也很有限。北京科技大学等的中国专利 ZL200410080359.0所公开的碳纤维复合材料补强技术具有复合材料强度很高，补强层厚度也较薄等优点，但是因为成本相对较高，具有一定的电偶腐蚀的可能性的弱点等因素还需要进一步完善。 Among the existing oil and gas pipeline external defect repair and reinforcement technologies, there are mainly methods such as traditional welding repair and composite reinforcement. Due to the possibility of weld penetration and hydrogen embrittlement during welding, especially for gas pipelines that are not stopped, it is generally not recommended. The resin-based composite material has been used for pipeline reinforcement by oil and gas companies at home and abroad because of its excellent characteristics such as light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, durability, construction ease, and no influence on the appearance of the structure. For example, the composite material reinforcement technology of Clockspi'ing Company of the United States, which is made of a mixture of isophthalic acid type unsaturated polyester and E-glass fiber, is wrapped on the surface of the metal pipe by dry laying, and is layered and layered. Bonded with an epoxy adhesive. There are two disadvantages of this technology: First, during the construction process, there is no guarantee that the composite sheet and the tube body, the composite sheet layer and the layer are closely adhered; the other is the elastic modulus and strength of the glass fiber. Low, so the thickness of the reinforcing layer will be thicker, which will cause certain difficulties for subsequent corrosion protection, and the improvement of the bearing capacity of the substrate is also limited. The carbon fiber composite reinforcement technology disclosed in Chinese Patent ZL200410080359.0, such as Beijing University of Science and Technology, has the advantages of high strength of composite material and thin thickness of reinforcing layer, but because of relatively high cost, it has certain galvanic corrosion. Factors such as the weakness of the possibility need to be further improved.

另外，历史上因为天然气管道破裂，裂纹长距离扩展而造成的灾难性事故有很多，美国的钢质天然气输送管道曾发生过裂纹扩展达十三公里的事故； 1986年欧洲某国的直径为 315mmPE 管道上出现长达 700米的裂紋。我国天然气管道运输起步相对较晚，早期的管道轧制、铺设、管理技术相对落后，在天然气输送历史中也出现过不少断裂事故，如铁岭至秦皇岛管线巨流河穿越段在管道试压时发生破裂；四川输气管线也由于氢致开裂而发生延性 ***。 In addition, historically, due to the rupture of natural gas pipelines, there have been many catastrophic accidents caused by long-distance crack propagation. The US steel natural gas pipeline has experienced an accident with a crack spread of 13 kilometers. In 1986, the diameter of a European country was 315mm PE pipeline. Cracks of up to 700 meters appear on it. China's natural gas pipeline transportation started relatively late. Early pipeline rolling, laying and management techniques were relatively backward. There were also many fracture accidents in the history of natural gas transportation. For example, the Tieling-Qinhuangdao pipeline giant-flow river crossing section occurred during pipeline pressure test. Rupture; Sichuan gas pipelines also undergo ductile blasting due to hydrogen induced cracking.

从动态断裂力学的角度来看，管道中的裂紋扩展是一个高压气体 /断裂 / 构件相互耦合的断裂过程。与石油管道相比，天然气管道中裂紋更容易扩展，这是因为天然气在管道断裂扩展的过程中减压波速度较小，减压波速度小于裂纹在管道中的扩展速度时，裂紋尖端就会持续的保持高应力状态，裂紋也会持续的高速扩展。 From the point of view of dynamic fracture mechanics, crack propagation in a pipe is a fracture process in which high-pressure gas/fracture/members are coupled to each other. Compared with petroleum pipelines, the cracks in natural gas pipelines are easier to expand. This is because natural gas decompression wave velocity is small during the process of pipeline fracture expansion. When the decompression wave velocity is smaller than the expansion speed of cracks in the pipeline, the crack tip will be Continuously maintaining a high stress state, the crack will continue to expand at a high speed.

现在，研究者已经提出各种模型来预测管道的裂紋的启裂和扩展。裂纹的启裂是指管道内部缺陷在一定限度内緩慢的扩展，提高管道材料性能，减少管道材料内部缺陷，是防治管道发生裂紋扩展的第一道防线。而在管道内部存在为裂紋的情况下保证裂紋驱动力小于裂紋的扩展阻力，把管道破坏限制在尽可能小的范围之内，是防治管道事故的第二道防线。 Now, researchers have proposed various models to predict crack initiation and propagation of pipes. The crack initiation means that the internal defects of the pipeline expand slowly within a certain limit, improve the performance of the pipeline material, and reduce the internal defects of the pipeline material. It is the first line of defense against crack propagation in the pipeline. In the case where there is a crack inside the pipe, the crack driving force is less than the crack propagation resistance, and the pipe damage is limited to the smallest possible range, which is the second line of defense against pipeline accidents.

除提高材料性能来提高管道的裂紋扩展阻力外，实际工程中还经常使用一些止裂构件来预防、阻止管道的长距离扩展。一种形式是止裂构件采取厚钢环的形式，沿轴向布置在管道的外侧，并保持一定的间隔；另外一种形式的止裂构件是沿管道轴向间隔地局部加厚管壁，其目的是降低裂紋后面管壁的张开位移；最后一种形式的止裂构件是在管道截面上间隔地采用更高韧性的管壁材料，这些止裂构件的作用，或者是降低裂紋驱动力的值，或者是提高局部截面的材料断裂韧性，它们将限制裂紋在管道上的扩展，减少事故危 2008/000099 害。这三种形式虽然有所不同，但其原理都是在局部增加管道止裂能力，将破坏限制在一定范围之内，如图 1所示。 In addition to improving material properties to improve the crack propagation resistance of pipes, some crack arresting members are often used in actual projects to prevent and prevent long-distance expansion of pipes. In one form, the arresting member is in the form of a thick steel ring disposed axially on the outside of the pipe and maintained at a certain interval; another form of the arresting member is a locally thickened pipe wall spaced axially along the pipe. The purpose is to reduce the open displacement of the pipe wall behind the crack; the last form of the arresting member is to use a higher toughness of the pipe wall material at intervals in the pipe section, the role of these arresting members, or to reduce the crack driving force The value of the material, or the fracture toughness of the material to improve the local section, they will limit the expansion of the crack on the pipeline, reduce the risk of accidents 2008/000099 harm. Although these three forms are different, the principle is to increase the pipeline crack arrest ability locally, and to limit the damage to a certain range, as shown in Figure 1.

以上三种形式的止裂构件在使用过程中都存在一定的缺陷。对于在管道外壁加厚钢环的形式，由于钢环本身也是金属结构，并且厚度较大，夹在管道外壁，不易于管道和夹具的统一保护，存在腐蚀的现象。而对于局部加厚管壁和改善管道的力学性能，明显对管道的加工工艺提出了更高的要求，加厚管壁还会对管道的后继管理带来麻烦。另外以上三种止裂方法都不太适合与 PE管道，也不适合于异型管道。 The above three forms of crack arresting members have certain defects in the course of use. For the form of thickening the steel ring on the outer wall of the pipe, since the steel ring itself is also a metal structure and has a large thickness and is sandwiched on the outer wall of the pipe, it is not easy to be uniformly protected by the pipe and the clamp, and there is corrosion. For the local thickening of the pipe wall and the improvement of the mechanical properties of the pipe, it is obviously higher requirements for the processing technology of the pipe, and thickening the pipe wall will also bring trouble to the subsequent management of the pipe. In addition, the above three methods of crack arrest are not suitable for PE pipes, and are not suitable for shaped pipes.

近年来尚未见到使用几种纤维，特别是将绝缘材料和其他高强度纤维复合材料结合的方法进行管道修复补强和增强的报道，也未见应用绝缘材料和高强度纤维复合材料组合进行管道止裂的报道。 In recent years, there have been no reports on the use of several fibers, especially the combination of insulating materials and other high-strength fiber composites for pipeline repair and reinforcement. There is no application of a combination of insulating materials and high-strength fiber composites. Report of crack arrest.

本发明人将绝缘材料和其他高强度纤维复合材料结合，用于管道的修补强、增强和 /或止裂取得了良好的效果，从而解决了现有技术中长期未能解决的问题。 The inventors have combined the insulating material with other high-strength fiber composite materials for the repair, reinforcement and/or crack arrest of the pipe to obtain good effects, thereby solving the problems that have not been solved in the prior art for a long time.

绝缘纤维是常见的绝缘材料，绝缘纤维如玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维、芳纶纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维等，而且都已经国产化，性能也较好；高强度的绝缘胶目前市场上也较为常见，它们作为补强材料直接接触钢管，都是完全绝缘的，可避免电偶腐蚀发生的风险。 Insulation fiber is a common insulating material. Insulating fiber such as glass fiber, basalt fiber, aramid fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, etc., has been domestically produced and has good performance; high-strength insulating rubber is currently on the market. Commonly, they are directly in contact with the steel pipe as a reinforcing material, which are completely insulated to avoid the risk of galvanic corrosion.

本发明人发现在绝缘材料的外层再覆盖其他高强度纤维复合材料，这种将两种材料结合的技术方案不论从成本上还是从技术安全性上，都优于现有的管道补强方案，从而完成了本发明。发明内容 The inventors have found that the outer layer of the insulating material is covered with other high-strength fiber composite materials, and the technical solution for combining the two materials is superior to the existing pipeline reinforcing scheme in terms of cost and technical safety. Thus, the present invention has been completed. Summary of the invention

本发明的目的是提供一种用复合材料对管道进行修复补强、增强和 /或止裂的方法，其特征在于在管道需要修复补强、增强和 /或止裂的部位先包覆绝缘材料，然后再铺设高强度纤维复合材料。该方法成本较低，安全可靠，便于施工。 It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for repairing, reinforcing and/or arresting a pipe with a composite material, characterized in that the insulating material is first covered in a portion where the pipe needs to be repaired, strengthened and/or arrested. , then lay high-strength fiber composites. The method is low in cost, safe and reliable, and easy to construct.

具体的，本发明公开了用复合材料对管道进行修复补强、增强和 /或止裂的方法，该方法包括以下步骤： Specifically, the present invention discloses a method for repairing, reinforcing, and/or arresting a pipe with a composite material, the method comprising the steps of:

( 1 )在管道表面需要修复补强、增强和 /或止裂的部位包覆绝缘材料；和 ( 2 )在绝缘材料上铺设纤维复合材料。 (1) coating the insulating material on the surface of the pipe where repair, reinforcement and/or crack arrest are required; and (2) Laying a fiber composite on the insulating material.

在上述方法中，可在管道表面需要^ ί'务复补强、增强和 /或止裂的部位整体包覆绝缘材料；也可在管道表面需要修复补强、增强和 /或止裂的部位的两端包覆绝缘材料。 In the above method, the insulating material may be integrally covered on the surface of the pipeline where the surface needs to be replenished, strengthened, and/or cracked; or the surface of the pipeline needs to be repaired, strengthened, and/or cracked. Both ends are covered with an insulating material.

其中所述的绝缘材料可以是已知的任何绝缘材料，优选所用绝缘材料的体积电阻率大于 109Ω m (根据《高技术纤维》，化学工业出版社， P144。体积电阻率〉 109Ω m为绝缘体），具有良好的电绝缘性能和介电性能。因此，将绝缘材料作为管道的绝缘层，完全不会发生类似电偶腐蚀或其他电化学腐蚀的风险。 The insulating material described therein may be any insulating material known, and preferably the insulating material used has a volume resistivity of more than 109 Ω m (according to "High-Tech Fibers", Chemical Industry Press, P144. Volume resistivity > 109 Ω m is an insulator) , has good electrical insulation properties and dielectric properties. Therefore, the insulating material is used as the insulating layer of the pipe, and there is no risk of galvanic corrosion or other electrochemical corrosion.

本发明所使用的术语 "纤维复合材料"是指某种纤维与其它材料复合后其性能得到改善的材料，常见的纤维复合材料是将纤维与各种具有特殊性能的树脂、胶体等复合，以提高所需性能。例如，本发明所涉及的纤维复合材料包括具有良好绝缘性能的绝缘纤维复合材料，以及具有高强度的纤维复合材料。 The term "fiber composite material" as used in the present invention refers to a material whose properties are improved after compounding a certain fiber with other materials. A common fiber composite material is a composite of a fiber with various resins and colloids having special properties, Improve the performance you need. For example, the fiber composite material to which the present invention relates includes an insulating fiber composite material having good insulating properties, and a fiber composite material having high strength.

本发明所用的绝缘材料包括高强度的绝缘树脂，如环氧类胶，酚酪树脂类胶等各种不含导电成分的胶。 The insulating material used in the present invention includes a high-strength insulating resin such as an epoxy-based rubber, a phenolic-resin-based rubber, and the like which are various kinds of adhesives containing no conductive component.

绝缘材料还可以是绝缘的任何已知的高强度纤维复合材料，包括玻璃纤维复合材料，玄武岩纤维复合材料，芳纶纤维复合材料，超高分子量聚乙烯纤维复合材料等绝缘的纤维复合材料。 The insulating material may also be any known high strength fiber composite material that is insulated, including glass fiber composite materials, basalt fiber composite materials, aramid fiber composite materials, and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fiber composite materials such as insulating fiber composite materials.

其中所述的纤维可以是连续纤维，选自单向纤维、正交或斜交的无纬布叠层、二维织物层合和多向编织纤维材料。 The fibers therein may be continuous fibers selected from the group consisting of unidirectional fibers, orthogonal or oblique weftless laminates, two-dimensional fabric laminates, and multi-directional woven fibrous materials.

其中玻璃纤维和玄武岩纤维因为强度高，绝缘性能好，可优先选用。玻璃纤维中 E玻璃纤维、 S玻璃纤维和 M玻璃纤维电绝缘性能优良，拉伸强度高，耐腐蚀性强，可优先选用。 Among them, glass fiber and basalt fiber are preferred because of their high strength and good insulation properties. Among the glass fibers, E glass fiber, S glass fiber and M glass fiber have excellent electrical insulation properties, high tensile strength and strong corrosion resistance, and are preferred.

玄武岩纤维是前苏联开发的一种无机纤维，是以天然玄武岩矿石为原料熔制而成的纤维，具有抗拉强度高、弹性模量大、电绝缘性好、耐腐蚀和化学稳定性好等优良特性，而且可在 600°C或者更高的温度下使用，其性能全面优于普通的玻璃纤维。因为玄武岩熔化过程中没有硼和其他碱金属氧化物排出，使玄武岩纤维的制造过程对环境无害，无工业垃圾，不向大气排放有害气体，是新型的环保型纤维。 Basalt fiber is an inorganic fiber developed by the former Soviet Union. It is a fiber made from natural basalt ore. It has high tensile strength, high modulus of elasticity, good electrical insulation, corrosion resistance and good chemical stability. Excellent characteristics, and can be used at 600 ° C or higher, its performance is better than ordinary glass fiber. Because there is no boron and other alkali metal oxides in the basalt melting process, the manufacturing process of basalt fiber is harmless to the environment, no industrial waste, no harmful gas is emitted to the atmosphere, and it is a new type of environmentally friendly fiber.

玄武岩纤维目前已经国产化，成本远 ₁于碳纤维，已经应用于纤维增强水泥制品、路面土工隔栅、汽车用摩擦材料等领域。因此优选玄武岩纤维。在本发明的方法中，最优选的绝缘纤维是玄武岩纤维。 Basalt fiber is now made in China, cost far ₁ carbon fiber, it has been used in fiber-reinforced Cement products, pavement geogrid, automotive friction materials and other fields. Therefore, basalt fiber is preferred. In the process of the invention, the most preferred insulating fibers are basalt fibers.

在本发明的方法中，其中第一步包覆绝缘的纤维复合材料的方法可以使用湿法铺设法，所述的湿法铺设法包括以下步骤：： In the method of the present invention, the first method of coating the insulated fiber composite material may employ a wet laying method, and the wet laying method comprises the following steps:

( 1 )在需要铺设绝缘纤维材料的管道表面涂刷可固化聚合物； (1) Applying a curable polymer to the surface of a pipe in which an insulating fiber material is to be laid;

( 2 )铺设绝缘纤维，并滚压，使得可固化聚合物均勾浸渍所述的绝缘纤维，此步骤可重复多次； (2) laying insulating fibers and rolling so that the curable polymer is hooked with the insulating fibers, and the step may be repeated a plurality of times;

根据需要重复 (1)和 (2)多次，然后进行固化。 Repeat (1) and (2) as many times as needed, and then cure.

在本发明的方法中，其中包覆绝缘的纤维复合材料的方法也可以使用干法铺设法，所述的干法铺设法包括以下步骤： In the method of the present invention, the method of coating the insulated fiber composite material may also use a dry laying method, which comprises the following steps:

( 1 )在绝缘纤维表面浸涂可固化聚合物，制成绝缘纤维预浸料； (1) dip coating a curable polymer on the surface of the insulating fiber to form an insulating fiber prepreg;

( 2 )在需要铺设绝缘纤维材料的管道表面铺设一层或多层步骤 1得到的绝缘纤维预浸料，然后进行固化。 (2) Laying one or more layers of the insulating fiber prepreg obtained in the step 1 on the surface of the pipe to which the insulating fiber material is to be laid, and then curing.

其中绝缘纤维预浸料是指将可固化聚合物浸涂到绝缘纤维上，通过一定的处理过程形成一种储存备用的半成品。所述预浸料的制备方法按可固化聚合物浸渍纤维的方法不同大致有：溶液浸渍法、热熔浸渍、胶膜辗压法和粉末工艺法。可自行制备，也可由市场购买。一般来说，预浸料大多需要低温储存，最近也有常温储存的产品。 The insulating fiber prepreg refers to dip coating the curable polymer onto the insulating fiber to form a semi-finished product for storage through a certain process. The preparation method of the prepreg differs according to the method of impregnating the fiber by the curable polymer: a solution dipping method, a hot melt dipping method, a film rolling method, and a powder process method. It can be prepared by itself or purchased from the market. In general, prepregs mostly require low temperature storage, and recently there are products stored at room temperature.

预浸料因为可以预先制备，能严格控制其可固化聚合物的含量，从而使得预浸料的质量更容易控制。 Since the prepreg can be prepared in advance, the content of the curable polymer can be strictly controlled, so that the quality of the prepreg can be more easily controlled.

在上述二种方法中，所述的各层绝缘纤维复合材料可以沿管道轴向铺设、环向铺设或以一定角度铺设，也可以是几种铺设方式的任意组合。为确保施工质量，纤维的纵横向搭接应保持一定长度。 In the above two methods, the layers of the insulating fiber composite material may be laid along the axial direction of the pipeline, laid in a circumferential direction or at an angle, or may be any combination of several laying methods. In order to ensure the construction quality, the vertical and horizontal overlap of the fibers should be kept to a certain length.

在上述二种方法中，所述的固化工艺可采用常规方法，为了提高固化质量，优选采用真空固化法。 In the above two methods, the curing process may be carried out by a conventional method, and in order to improve the curing quality, a vacuum curing method is preferably employed.

在上述二种方法中，其中所述的可固化聚合物包括基体材料以及任选的辅助材料；所述的基体材料选自热固性树脂、热塑性树脂及高性能树脂，优选热固性树脂；所述的辅助材料选自固化剂、偶联剂、引发剂、稀释剂、交联剂、阻燃剂、阻聚剂、抗静电剂、光稳定剂以及填料。 In the above two methods, the curable polymer comprises a matrix material and optionally an auxiliary material; the matrix material is selected from the group consisting of a thermosetting resin, a thermoplastic resin and a high performance resin, preferably a thermosetting resin; The material is selected from the group consisting of a curing agent, a coupling agent, an initiator, a diluent, a crosslinking agent, a flame retardant, a polymerization inhibitor, an antistatic agent, a light stabilizer, and a filler.

优选的，其中所述的可固化聚合物的基体材料是热固性树脂。 Preferably, the matrix material of the curable polymer is a thermosetting resin.

所述的热固性树脂可以是本领域常规的热固性树脂，例如环氧树脂、酚酪树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、聚氨酯树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、双马来酰胺树脂、有机硅树脂、烯丙基树脂或它们的改性树脂。 The thermosetting resin may be a thermosetting resin conventional in the art, such as an epoxy resin or a phenol. Case resin, unsaturated polyester resin, urethane resin, polyimide resin, bismaleimide resin, silicone resin, allyl resin or a modified resin thereof.

其中环氧树脂与各种纤维的黏结力强，机械性能高，介电性能优良，耐化学腐蚀性好 ,因此优选使用环氧树脂。 Among them, epoxy resin and various fibers have strong bonding strength, high mechanical properties, excellent dielectric properties, and good chemical corrosion resistance, so epoxy resin is preferably used.

本发明的方法的第二步骤是在包覆完绝缘材料后，再在绝缘材料上铺设纤维复合材料。 The second step of the method of the present invention is to lay a fiber composite on the insulating material after the insulating material is coated.

其中，上述所述在绝缘材料上铺设纤维复合材料的方法包括干法铺设或湿法铺设方法，其中所述湿法铺设的步骤包括： Wherein the method for laying a fiber composite material on an insulating material as described above comprises a dry laying method or a wet laying method, wherein the step of laying the wet method comprises:

( 1 )在绝缘材料表面涂刷可固化聚合物； (1) applying a curable polymer to the surface of the insulating material;

( 2 )铺设纤维，并滚压，使得可固化聚合物均匀浸渍所述的纤维；根据需要重复 (1)和 (2)多次，然后进行固化。或 (2) Laying the fibers and rolling them so that the curable polymer uniformly impregnates the fibers; repeating (1) and (2) as many times as necessary, followed by curing. Or

其中所述干法铺设的步骤包括： The steps of the dry laying include:

( 1 )在纤维表面浸涂可固化聚合物，制成纤维预浸料； (1) dip coating a curable polymer on the surface of the fiber to form a fiber prepreg;

( 2 )铺设一层或多层步驟 1得到的纤维预浸料；然后进行固化。 (2) Laying one or more layers of the fiber prepreg obtained in the step 1; then curing.

其中纤维预浸料是指将可固化聚合物浸涂到所述的纤维上，通过一定的处理过程形成一种储存备用的半成品。所述预浸料的制备方法按可固化聚合物浸渍纤维的方法不同大致有：溶液浸渍法、热熔浸渍、胶膜輾压法和粉末工艺法。可自行制备，也可由市场购买。一般来说，预浸料大多需要低温储存，最近也有常温储存的产品。 The fiber prepreg refers to dip coating the curable polymer onto the fiber to form a semi-finished product for storage through a certain process. The preparation method of the prepreg differs according to the method of impregnating the fiber by the curable polymer: a solution dipping method, a hot melt dipping method, a film rolling method, and a powder process method. It can be prepared by itself or purchased from the market. In general, most prepregs require low temperature storage, and recently there are products stored at room temperature.

上述步驟 1的湿法铺设法或干法铺设法中所使用的可固化聚合物均可用于步骤 2。在具体操作中，步骤 1和步骤 2所使用的可固化聚合物可以相同或不同。 The curable polymer used in the wet laying method or the dry laying method of the above step 1 can be used in the step 2. In a specific operation, the curable polymers used in steps 1 and 2 may be the same or different.

所述的纤维复合材料包括玻璃纤维复合材料、玄武岩纤维复合材料、碳纤维复合材料、芳纶纤维复合材料、硼纤维复合材料复合材料或超高分子量聚乙烯，因为碳纤维、玄武岩纤维高强度高模量的优点，优选碳纤维复合材料和玄武岩纤维复合材料，最优选碳纤维复合材料。 The fiber composite material comprises a glass fiber composite material, a basalt fiber composite material, a carbon fiber composite material, an aramid fiber composite material, a boron fiber composite material composite material or an ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, because the carbon fiber and the basalt fiber have high strength and high modulus. The advantages are preferably carbon fiber composites and basalt fiber composites, most preferably carbon fiber composites.

其中所述的碳纤维复合材料可以是本领域常规使用的碳纤维复合材料及其使用方法，例如北京科技大学等的中国专利 ZL200410080359.0、北京安科管道工程科技有限公司的中国专利申请 200510011581.X中所公开的纤维复合材料。 The carbon fiber composite material described therein may be a carbon fiber composite material conventionally used in the art and a method of using the same, for example, Chinese patent ZL200410080359.0 of Beijing University of Science and Technology, and Chinese patent application 200510011581.X of Beijing Anke Pipeline Engineering Technology Co., Ltd. Published fiber Composite material.

在将上述纤维复合材料用于管道的修复补强、增强和 /或止裂时，所述的纤维复合材料层可沿管道轴向铺设、环向铺设或以一定角度铺设，也可以是几种铺设方式的任意组合。 When the fiber composite material is used for repairing reinforcement, reinforcement and/or crack arrest of the pipeline, the fiber composite material layer may be laid along the pipeline axial direction, circumferentially laid or laid at an angle, or may be several Any combination of laying methods.

上文所述的纤维是连续纤维，选自单向纤维、正交或斜交的无纬布叠层、二维织物层合和多向编织纤维材料。 The fibers described above are continuous fibers selected from the group consisting of unidirectional fibers, orthogonal or oblique weftless laminates, two-dimensional fabric laminates, and multi-directional woven fibrous materials.

所述的热固性树脂可以是本领域常规的热固性树脂，例如环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、聚氨酯树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、双马来酰胺树脂、有机硅树脂、烯丙基树脂或它们的改性树脂。 The thermosetting resin may be a thermosetting resin conventional in the art, such as an epoxy resin, a phenol resin, an unsaturated polyester resin, a polyurethane resin, a polyimide resin, a bismaleimide resin, a silicone resin, an allyl group. Resins or their modified resins.

其中环氧树脂与各种纤维的黏结力强，机戈性能高，介电性能优良，耐化学腐蚀性好,因此优选使用环氧树脂。 Among them, epoxy resin and various fibers have strong bonding strength, high mechanical properties, excellent dielectric properties, and good chemical resistance, so epoxy resin is preferred.

具体地，本发明用复合材料对管道进行修复补强、增强和 /或止裂的方法包括以下步骤： Specifically, the method for repairing, reinforcing, and/or arresting a pipe with a composite material according to the present invention comprises the following steps:

( 1 )应用湿法铺设法或干法铺设法在管道表面需要修复补强、增强和 / 或止裂的部位全部或在两端包覆绝缘材料；和 (1) Applying a wet laying method or a dry laying method to cover the surface of the pipe where reinforcement, reinforcement and/or crack arrest are required to cover the insulation material at all or both ends;

( 2 )在绝缘材料上铺设纤维复合材料。 (2) Laying a fiber composite on the insulating material.

其中，上述步骤 2所述在绝缘材料上铺设纤维复合材料的方法包括干法铺设或湿法铺设方法，其中所述湿法铺设的步骤包括： The method for laying the fiber composite material on the insulating material in the above step 2 includes a dry laying method or a wet laying method, wherein the wet laying step comprises:

( 2 )铺设纤维，并滚压，使得可固化聚合物均勾浸渍所述的纤维；根据需要重复 (1)和 (2)多次，然后进行固化；或 (2) laying the fibers and rolling them so that the curable polymer is hooked with the fibers; repeating (1) and (2) as many times as necessary, and then curing; or

其中所述干法铺设的步骤包括： The steps of the dry laying include:

( 2 )铺设一层或多层步骤 1得到的纤维预浸料；然后进行固化。其中纤维预浸料是指将可固化聚合物浸涂到所述的纤维上，通过一定的处理过程形成一种储存备用的半成品。所述预浸料的制备方法按可固化聚合物浸渍纤维的方法不同大致有：溶液浸渍法、热熔浸渍、胶膜辗压法和粉末工艺法。可自行制备，也可由市场购买。一般来说，预浸料大多需要低温储存，最近也有常温储存的产品。 (2) Laying one or more layers of the fiber prepreg obtained in the step 1; then curing. The fiber prepreg refers to dip coating the curable polymer onto the fiber, and forming a storage semi-finished product through a certain process. The preparation method of the prepreg differs according to the method of impregnating the fiber by the curable polymer: a solution dipping method, a hot melt dipping method, a film rolling method, and a powder process method. It can be prepared by itself or purchased from the market. In general, prepregs mostly require low temperature storage, and recently there are products stored at room temperature.

上述步骤 1的湿法铺设法或干法铺设法中所使用的可固化聚合物均可用于步骤 2。在具体操作中，步骤 1和步驟 2所使用的可固化聚合物可以相同或不同。 The curable polymer used in the wet laying method or the dry laying method of the above step 1 can be used in the step 2. In a specific operation, the curable polymers used in steps 1 and 2 may be the same or different.

更具体地，本发明用复合材料对管道进行修复补强、增强和 /或止裂的方法包括以下步骤： More specifically, the method of the present invention for repairing, reinforcing, and/or arresting a pipe with a composite material includes the following steps:

( 1 )应用湿法铺设法或干法铺设法在管道表面需要修复补强、增强和 / 或止裂的部位全部或在两端包覆绝缘材料，并使上述绝缘纤维层固化； (1) applying the wet laying method or the dry laying method to cover the surface of the pipeline where the reinforcing, reinforcing and/or crack arresting parts are all or at both ends covered with the insulating material, and the above insulating fiber layer is solidified;

( 2 )应用湿法铺设法或干法铺设法在步驟 1铺设的绝缘材料外铺设纤维复合材料，和使所述纤维复合材料固化。 (2) laying a fiber composite material outside the insulating material laid in the step 1 by a wet laying method or a dry laying method, and curing the fiber composite material.

就湿法铺设法或干法铺设法而言，上述二步骤可以使用相同的铺设方法，也可以使用不同的铺设方法。 In the case of the wet laying method or the dry laying method, the same laying method may be used for the above two steps, or different laying methods may be used.

在实际操作中，湿法铺设或干法铺设绝缘纤维复合材料以及在绝缘材料上铺设纤维复合材料的步骤均可在现场进行。 In practice, the steps of wet laying or dry laying of the insulating fiber composite and laying of the fiber composite on the insulating material can be carried out in the field.

当应用现场制作时，所述的干法铺设法较适用于现场管道条件较好，无较大的凹凸不平处，并且非异形管道附件（如三通，弯头，异径管，法兰、小管径接头等）处，此时现场操作更为省时，有利于在现场抢修时争取时间。 When applied on-site, the dry laying method is more suitable for on-site pipeline conditions, without large irregularities, and non-shaped pipe fittings (such as tees, elbows, reducers, flanges, Small pipe joints, etc., at this time, the on-site operation is more time-saving, which is conducive to gaining time when repairing on site.

当应用现场制作时，所述的湿法粘贴法对于管体有焊疤或缺陷等凹凸不平处或管道附件（如三通，弯头，异径管，法兰、小管径接头等）具有很好的施工简便性。在操作时，要尽量使可固化聚合物均勾分布，并且完全浸渍绝缘的高强度纤维材料。在铺设纤维时，要最大可能的减少气泡， P条低空隙率，必要的时候可以采取抽真空等措施。 When applied on-site, the wet-bonding method has irregularities such as weld defects or defects on the pipe body or pipe fittings (such as tees, elbows, reducers, flanges, small-diameter joints, etc.). Very good construction simplicity. In operation, try to make the curable polymer evenly entangled and completely impregnate the insulating high-strength fiber material. When laying the fiber, it is necessary to reduce the bubble as much as possible, P has a low void ratio, and if necessary, vacuuming measures can be taken.

在实际应用时，根据管道的具体情况，本专业技术人员可按照通常的缺陷补强参数或管道增强设计方法确定纤维复合材料层数、宽度和补强材料用量。为确保施工质量，纤维的纵横向搭接应保持一定长度。上述方法中所述各层纤维复合材料对于管道可以沿管道轴向铺设、环向铺设或以一定角度铺设，也可以是几种铺设方式的任意组合。实际应用时，本专业技术人员可根据管道的具体情况进行设计。 In practical applications, according to the specific conditions of the pipeline, the skilled person can determine the number of layers, the width of the fiber composite material and the amount of the reinforcing material according to the usual defect reinforcement parameters or the pipeline reinforcement design method. In order to ensure the construction quality, the vertical and horizontal overlap of the fibers should be kept to a certain length. In the above method, the fiber composite materials of the respective layers may be laid along the axial direction of the pipeline, laid in a circumferential direction or laid at a certain angle, or may be any combination of several laying methods. In practical application, the professional technician can design according to the specific conditions of the pipeline.

上述方法中所述的纤维是连续纤维，选自单向纤维、正交或斜交的无纬布叠层、二维织物层合、多向编织纤维材料。实际应用时，可依据管道具体情况选用。一^:情况下，为便于设计，多采用单向纤维。但是为了施工的方便和安全性，有时也采用其他多向的纤维。 The fibers described in the above methods are continuous fibers selected from the group consisting of unidirectional fibers, orthogonal or oblique weftless laminates, two-dimensional fabric laminates, and multidirectional woven fibrous materials. In actual application, it can be selected according to the specific conditions of the pipeline. In the case of a ^: unidirectional fiber is used for the convenience of design. However, for the convenience and safety of construction, other multidirectional fibers are sometimes used.

在对管道进行修复补强、增强和 /或止裂之前，可以任选的对管道进行表面处理，如除油，除锈，磷化，钝化，偶联等可提高界面结合力的处理，如果管道有不平处，可以任选的用填平材料如树脂进行填平处理。 The pipe may be optionally surface treated, such as degreasing, descaling, phosphating, passivating, coupling, etc., to improve the interface bonding force before repairing, reinforcing, and/or arresting the pipe. If the pipe has irregularities, it can optionally be filled with a filling material such as a resin.

在完成本发明的管道行修复补强、增强和 /或止裂操作之后，在高强度纤维复合材料外还可以用外防腐材料进行防腐，所述的防腐材料包括聚脲或聚氨酯喷涂、聚乙烯或聚丙稀冷辏胶粘带缠绕等。 After the completion of the pipeline repairing reinforcement, reinforcement and/or crack arrest operation of the present invention, the outer strength of the high-strength fiber composite material may be preserved with an outer anticorrosive material, including polyurea or polyurethane spray, polyethylene. Or polypropylene cold tape adhesive tape winding.

作业区的防腐修复，根据防腐材料的不同，可选择在补强作业区域内各粘贴面的胶粘剂表干后或者之前进行。 The anti-corrosion repair of the work area, depending on the anti-corrosion material, may be carried out after the adhesive surface of each adhesive surface in the reinforcing work area is dry or before.

本发明方法中需要修复补强、增强的部位包括有缺陷的管道或管道附件，或虽无缺陷但需要增强的管道或管道附件；本发明方法中需要止裂的部位包括直管道和管道附件；其中所述的管道附件例如三通、弯头、异径管或法兰等。 The repaired and reinforced portions of the method of the present invention include defective pipes or pipe fittings, or pipes or pipe fittings that are reinforced without defects; the parts of the method of the present invention that require crack arrest include straight pipes and pipe fittings; The pipe fittings described therein are, for example, tees, elbows, reducers or flanges.

其中所述的缺陷包括体积型缺陷、平面型（例如裂紋型）缺陷、弥散损伤型缺陷（例如氢鼓泡或微裂紋）、几何型缺陷（例如噘嘴或错边等），如焊缝缺陷等。特别常见的缺陷包括体积型缺陷、裂紋型缺陷、氢鼓泡、微裂紋、噘嘴或错边。 The defects described therein include volumetric defects, planar (such as crack) defects, dispersion damage defects (such as hydrogen bubbling or microcracking), geometric defects (such as pouting or misalignment), such as weld defects. Wait. Particularly common defects include volumetric defects, crack-type defects, hydrogen bubbling, micro-cracking, pouting or misalignment.

本发明对管道进行修复补强、增强和 /或止裂的方法可用于金属管道或非金属管道，优选金属管道，更优选在役油气输送金属管道。 The method of repairing, reinforcing, and/or arresting a pipe of the present invention can be applied to a metal pipe or a non-metal pipe, preferably a metal pipe, and more preferably an in-service oil and gas transmission metal pipe.

为保证施工质量，在需要进行开挖和回填时，应该按照规定的施工要求进行。例如对现场检测已确定的缺陷位置，必须在现场监护人员的监护下实施人工开挖。开挖过程中注意测量埋深，防止铁器损坏防腐层及钢管。在补强施工完成，并确认开挖管段无漏点后，采用细沙或素土进行分层夯实回填，并对现场进行清理和恢复地形原貌，保证管线的埋深达到设计要求。 In order to ensure the construction quality, when excavation and backfilling are required, it should be carried out in accordance with the specified construction requirements. For example, for on-site inspection of identified defect locations, manual excavation must be performed under the supervision of on-site guardians. Pay attention to the measurement of the buried depth during the excavation process to prevent the iron from damaging the anti-corrosion layer and the steel pipe. After the completion of the reinforcement construction, and confirm that there is no leakage point in the excavation pipe section, the sand or eucalyptus is used for stratified tamping backfilling, and the site is cleaned and restored to the original appearance to ensure that the buried depth of the pipeline meets the design requirements.

本发明的方法可同时解决修复补强、增强和 /或止裂的需求，也可分别用于修复补强、增强和止裂。 The method of the invention can simultaneously solve the need of repairing reinforcement, reinforcement and/or crack arrest, and can also be used separately For repairing reinforcement, reinforcement and crack arrest.

相对于现有技术常用的金属止裂方法，本发明的止裂方法有以下优点：纤维复合材料质量较轻，对于架空管道、跨越管道而言不会造成额外的载荷。 Compared with the metal crack arresting method commonly used in the prior art, the crack arresting method of the present invention has the following advantages: The fiber composite material is light in weight, and does not cause additional load on the overhead pipeline and across the pipeline.

纤维复合材料强度较高，如碳纤维的抗拉强度达到 3500MPa, 约为常用金属材料屈服强度的 10倍，使用较薄的复合材料就可以达到较厚的金属质材料所能达到的止裂效果。 Fiber composites have higher strength, such as carbon fiber tensile strength of 3500 MPa, which is about 10 times of the yield strength of common metal materials. The use of thinner composite materials can achieve the crack arrest effect of thicker metal materials.

本发明中所用复合材料对于钢材、 PE管等都具有十分好的结合力，因此其适用性较广。 The composite material used in the present invention has a very good bonding force for steel, PE pipes, etc., and thus has wide applicability.

本发明在绝缘材料外再缠绕复合材料的结构同时还可以对管道起到比较理想的防腐蚀效果。 The structure of the invention rewinding the composite material outside the insulating material can also have an ideal anti-corrosion effect on the pipeline.

由于本发明复合材料厚度较小，缠绕在管道上之后，方便对管道进行统一防腐和保温。 Due to the small thickness of the composite material of the present invention, it is convenient to carry out uniform corrosion protection and heat preservation of the pipeline after being wound on the pipeline.

本发明还涉及一种用于管道的止裂器，包括：绝缘材料；和在绝缘材料上铺设的纤维复合材料。 The invention further relates to a crack stopper for a pipe, comprising: an insulating material; and a fiber composite material laid on the insulating material.

优选的是，所述绝缘材料包括绝缘树脂，或绝缘的纤维复合材料。 Preferably, the insulating material comprises an insulating resin, or an insulating fiber composite.

优选的是，所述的纤维是连续纤维，选自单向纤维、正交或斜交的无絆布叠层、二维织物层合和多向编织纤维材料。 Preferably, the fibers are continuous fibers selected from the group consisting of unidirectional fibers, orthogonal or oblique non-woven fabric laminates, two-dimensional fabric laminates, and multi-directional woven fibrous materials.

优选的是，所述绝缘的纤维复合材料选自玻璃纤维复合材料、玄武岩纤维复合材料、芳纶纤维复合材料、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维复合材料。 Preferably, the insulated fiber composite material is selected from the group consisting of a glass fiber composite material, a basalt fiber composite material, an aramid fiber composite material, and an ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fiber composite material.

优选的是，所述止裂器还包括设置在纤维复合材料外的外防腐材料层，以用于防腐。 Preferably, the crack arrester further comprises a layer of outer anti-corrosion material disposed outside the fiber composite for corrosion protection.

优选的是，所述的管道可以是金属管道或非金属管道。 Preferably, the pipe may be a metal pipe or a non-metal pipe.

由本发明复合材料构成的止裂器可采用现场成形的方法，因此使用范围不限于具有规则几何外形的直管道，还可以根据需要使用在焊缝处、大小头、弯头、 Y型管、 T型管等各种不规则几何外形管道和管道附件。 The crack arrester composed of the composite material of the invention can adopt the method of in-situ forming, so the use range is not limited to the straight pipe with regular geometric shape, and can also be used at the weld seam, the size head, the elbow, the Y-tube, the T, as needed. Various irregular geometric shapes of pipes and pipe fittings such as pipes.

下面通过对本发明具体实施方式的描述，结合附图对本发明的材料及方法予以详尽的说明。附图说明 The materials and methods of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. DRAWINGS

图 1是止裂构件工作原理示意图，其中 1为流入管道开裂区域的气流， 2为裂纹扩展， 3为气体从缺口溢出， 4为止裂构件， 5为管道， 6为开裂管壁横向移动。 Figure 1 is a schematic view of the working principle of the crack arresting member, wherein 1 is the air flow flowing into the cracked region of the pipe, 2 is the crack propagation, 3 is the gas overflowing from the gap, 4 is the cracking member, 5 is the pipe, and 6 is the lateral movement of the cracked pipe wall.

图 2是补强后的管道示意图，其中 7为碳纤维复合材料层， 8为填平树月旨， 9为玄武岩纤维复合材料层。 Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the reinforced pipeline, where 7 is a carbon fiber composite layer, 8 is a flattened tree, and 9 is a basalt fiber composite layer.

图 3是实验用管，其中 10为出水管， 11为进水管。 Figure 3 is the experimental tube, where 10 is the outlet pipe and 11 is the inlet pipe.

图 4是缺陷示意图，其中 12为缺陷。 Figure 4 is a schematic view of the defect, where 12 is a defect.

图 5是补强后的管道示意图，其中 13为碳纤维复合材料层， 14为环氧砂浆， 15为绝缘环氧结构胶。 Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the reinforced pipe, where 13 is a carbon fiber composite layer, 14 is an epoxy mortar, and 15 is an insulating epoxy structural adhesive.

图 6是***后的管道示意图，其中 16为出水管， 17为进水管， 18为开裂处， 19为补强处。 Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the pipe after blasting, where 16 is the outlet pipe, 17 is the inlet pipe, 18 is the cracking, and 19 is the reinforcement.

图 7是弯头的示意图。 Figure 7 is a schematic view of the elbow.

图 8是补强后弯头的示意图具体实施方式 Figure 8 is a schematic view of the reinforcing rear elbow

为了进一步阐述本发明所涉方法及施工工艺，给出了下述实施例。但是，这些实施例不以任何方式限制本发明的范围。 In order to further illustrate the method and construction process of the present invention, the following examples are given. However, these examples do not limit the scope of the invention in any way.

实施例 1 : 铺设绝缘材料作为底层的复合材料层的绝缘性能 Example 1 : Insulation performance of laying an insulating material as a composite layer of the underlayer

用绝缘材料作为底层补强管道后，检测补强后管道的绝缘性能。所用管道为 (j)60mm的钢管，按如下步骤进行^ "复： After the insulating material is used as the underlying reinforcing pipe, the insulation performance of the reinforcing pipe is detected. The pipe used is (j) 60mm steel pipe, as follows:

1 )对需要补强的管体部位进行清理，以去除管子外表面的防腐层、锈蚀及其他污物，并使其表面处理质量达到 GB/T8923-1988中规定的 St3级。 1) Clean the pipe parts that need to be reinforced to remove the anti-corrosion layer, rust and other dirt on the outer surface of the pipe, and make the surface treatment quality reach the St3 level specified in GB/T8923-1988.

2 )缺陷处用填平材料环氧砂浆填平。 2) The defect is filled with the filling material epoxy mortar.

3 )待填平材料表干后，在管道表面涂刷 2130酚酪树脂胶，然后沿管道环向铺设 300mm宽的单向玄武岩纤维，滚压，使可固化聚合物均匀浸渍所述的单向玄武岩纤维。重复 2次，共铺设 2层。 3) After the surface of the material to be filled is dry, apply 2130 phenolic resin glue on the surface of the pipe, then lay a 300mm wide unidirectional basalt fiber along the pipe loop, and roll it to uniformly impregnate the curable polymer. Basalt fiber. Repeat 2 times and lay 2 layers.

4 ) 然后在玄武岩纤维表面涂刷 2130 酚醛树脂胶，并沿管道环向铺设 300mm 宽的正交编织的碳纤维，滚压，使可固化聚合物均匀浸渍所述的碳纤维。重复 2次，共铺设 2层。 4) Then apply 2130 phenolic resin glue on the surface of the basalt fiber, and lay 300mm wide orthogonally woven carbon fiber along the pipe loop to roll, so that the curable polymer uniformly impregnates the carbon fiber. Repeat 2 times and lay 2 layers.

5 )待所有材料固化后，管道的截面示意图见图 2。 5) After all materials are cured, the cross-section of the pipe is shown in Figure 2.

用电火花检漏仪检测补强层，检测电压 10kv, 完全没有漏点。说明铺设绝缘材料后的管道的绝缘性能完全能够满足使用要求。实施例 2: 用水压***试验方法对本发明的技术方案进行评价 The reinforced layer is detected by a spark leak detector, and the detection voltage is 10kv, and there is no leak at all. It shows that the insulation performance of the pipeline after laying the insulation material can fully meet the requirements of use. Example 2: Evaluation of the technical solution of the present invention by a water pressure burst test method

为了检险本发明技术方案的实施效果，以 φ273钢管为例，模拟输油气管道可能存在的缺陷尺寸，采用水压***试验方法对该技术进行了评价。试验用管，见图 3 , 实验管道上的缺陷的示意图见图 4。试验过程如下： In order to check the implementation effect of the technical solution of the present invention, the φ273 steel pipe is taken as an example to simulate the possible defect size of the oil and gas pipeline, and the technology is evaluated by the hydraulic blasting test method. The test tube, see Figure 3, shows the defect on the experimental pipe as shown in Figure 4. The test process is as follows:

1)截取输油气管道常用管材管线 3m (该管子为 Q235螺旋焊管，管径为 1) Intercepting the common pipeline pipe of the oil and gas pipeline 3m (the pipe is Q235 spiral welded pipe, the pipe diameter is

273mm, 壁厚为 7mm )，两端用留有排气孔、进水孔的封头封堵（见图 3 ) 。 273mm, wall thickness is 7mm), and the ends are sealed with a head that has a vent hole and a water inlet hole (see Figure 3).

2)制作缺陷尺寸为 40mm 13.5mm x 3.5mm的缺陷。 2) Defects with a defect size of 40 mm, 13.5 mm x 3.5 mm.

3)对需要补强的管体部位进行清理，以去除管子外表面的防腐层、锈蚀及其他污物，并使其表面处理质量达到 GB/T8923-1988中规定的 St3级。 3) Clean the pipe parts that need to be reinforced to remove the anti-corrosion layer, rust and other dirt on the outer surface of the pipe, and make the surface treatment quality reach the St3 level specified in GB/T8923-1988.

4)然后将缺陷处用填平材料（环氧砂浆）填平。 4) Then fill the defect with a filling material (epoxy mortar).

5)待填平材料表干后，在管道表面涂刷绝缘的环氧结构胶（AK04-1胶）；表面干燥后，涂刷 191酚醛树脂胶，然后沿管道环向铺设 300mm宽的单向碳纤维，滚压，使 191酚醛树脂胶均匀浸渍所述的碳纤维。重复几次，共铺设 8层。如图 5所示。 5) After the surface of the material to be filled is dry, apply the insulating epoxy structural adhesive (AK04-1 glue) on the surface of the pipe; after the surface is dry, apply 191 phenolic resin glue, and then lay a 300mm wide one-way along the pipe loop. The carbon fiber, rolled, uniformly impregnates the carbon fiber with the 191 phenolic resin glue. Repeat several times and lay a total of 8 floors. As shown in Figure 5.

6)补强层固化后对试验用管进行注水排气，在检查试样注满水并不漏水的情况下，进行逐级加压，直至试样破坏，如图 6所示。 6) After the reinforcing layer is solidified, the test tube is filled with water and vented. When the test sample is filled with water and does not leak, the pressure is gradually increased until the sample is destroyed, as shown in Fig. 6.

该***试验结果显示：破坏是在未经修复补强的管体处产生的，破坏为典型的撕裂型破坏；试验管有明显的膨胀现象，而经修复、补强的缺陷处并无明显变化；补强后的管体***压力为 16.7Mpa, 远高于试样的设计工作压力（6.4 Mpa ) , 表明该技术已经达到了补强的目的。 The results of the blasting test show that: the damage is generated at the unrepaired pipe body, and the damage is a typical tear type failure; the test tube has obvious expansion phenomenon, and the repaired and reinforced defect is not obvious. The change; the blasting pressure of the pipe after reinforcement is 16.7Mpa, which is much higher than the design working pressure of the sample (6.4 Mpa), indicating that the technology has achieved the purpose of reinforcement.

实施例 3: 用水压***试验方法对本发明的技术方案进行评价 Example 3: Evaluation of the technical solution of the present invention by a water pressure burst test method

跟实施例 1类似，用复合材料对螺旋焊缝缺陷进行补强，然后用静水压 ***实验验证其补强效果。 Similar to Example 1, the spiral weld defects were reinforced with composite materials, and then the hydrostatic blasting experiments were used to verify the reinforcing effect.

实验过程如下： The experimental process is as follows:

截取输油气管道常用管材管线 3.5m (该管子为 Q235螺旋焊管，管径为 Intercepting the common pipeline of oil and gas pipelines 3.5m (the pipe is Q235 spiral welded pipe, the pipe diameter is

325mm, 壁厚为 7mm ) , 两端用留有排气孔、进水孔的封头封堵。 325mm, wall thickness is 7mm), and the ends are sealed with a head that has a vent hole and a water inlet hole.

在管道螺旋焊缝处制作尺寸为 (长 X宽 X深 = 60mm x 10mm x 5.16mm ) 的缺陷。 Defects of dimensions (length X width X depth = 60 mm x 10 mm x 5.16 mm) are made at the pipe spiral weld.

对需要补强的管体部位进行除油除锈处理。 Degreasing and derusting the pipe body parts that need to be reinforced.

将缺陷用环氧填平树脂填平。 The defects are filled in with an epoxy filling resin.

待填平材料表干后，在管道表面铺设 500mm宽的芳纶（1414 ) 纤维预浸料（芳纶纤维与环氧树脂制成的预浸料）。共铺设 2层。然后加热使其固化。 After the surface of the material to be filled is dry, a 500mm wide aramid fiber (1414) fiber is pre-coated on the surface of the pipe. Dip (prepreg made of aramid fiber and epoxy resin). A total of 2 floors are laid. It is then heated to cure.

在芳纶纤维复合材料表面湿法铺设双向编织的碳纤维复合材料 (基体为环氧树脂），共铺设 6层。 A two-way woven carbon fiber composite material (the base material is epoxy resin) was wet-laid on the surface of the aramid fiber composite material, and a total of six layers were laid.

补强层固化后对试验用管进行注水排气，在检查试样注满水并不漏水的情况下，进行逐级加压，直至试样破坏。 After the reinforcing layer is solidified, the test tube is filled with water and vented, and when the test sample is filled with water and does not leak, the pressure is gradually increased until the sample is broken.

该***试验结果显示：破坏是在未经修复补强的管体处产生的，破坏为典型的撕裂型破坏；试验管有明显的膨胀现象，而经修复、补强的缺陷处并无明显变化；补强后的管体***压力为 18.7Mpa, 远高于试样的设计工作压力（6.4 Mpa ) ，表明该技术已经达到了补强的目的。 The results of the blasting test show that: the damage is generated at the unrepaired pipe body, and the damage is a typical tear type failure; the test tube has obvious expansion phenomenon, and the repaired and reinforced defect is not obvious. The change; the blasting pressure of the pipe after reinforcement is 18.7Mpa, which is much higher than the design working pressure of the sample (6.4 Mpa), indicating that the technology has achieved the purpose of reinforcement.

实施例 4本发明技术方案在金属管道弯头管线进行修复增强中的应用用本发明的复合材料对需要增压的弯头管线进行修复增强。 Embodiment 4 Application of the technical solution of the present invention to repair reinforcement of a metal pipe elbow pipeline The composite material of the present invention is used for repairing and strengthening an elbow pipeline requiring pressurization.

修复增强的过程如下： The process of repairing enhancements is as follows:

某站场输油管道弯头，见图 7。该管道为 Q235螺旋焊管，管径为 529mm, 壁厚为 7mm, 运行压力 5.0MPa，欲提高运行压力为 6.4MPa。 The elbow of the oil pipeline in a station is shown in Figure 7. The pipe is a Q235 spiral welded pipe with a diameter of 529 mm, a wall thickness of 7 mm, a running pressure of 5.0 MPa, and an operating pressure of 6.4 MPa.

对弯头进行除油除锈处理。 Degreasing and descaling the elbow.

在管道表面涂刷 PMR聚酰亚胺树脂可固化聚合物，然后沿管道环向铺设 2层双向十字编织的芳纶纤维。待其表干后，在其表面涂刷 FMR聚酰亚胺树脂，沿管道环向铺设双向十字编织的碳纤维。滚压后，再重复几次，共铺设 10层。如图 8所示。 A PMR polyimide resin is applied to the surface of the pipe to cure the polymer, and then two layers of bidirectional cross-woven aramid fibers are laid along the pipe loop. After the surface is dried, the surface is coated with FMR polyimide resin, and the bidirectional cross-woven carbon fiber is laid along the pipe loop. After rolling, repeat several times and lay a total of 10 layers. As shown in Figure 8.

补强层固化后对管道进行打压实验，打压至 8.9MPa，管体无任何异常。试验结果显示：在实瞼压力下，经过补强的管体符合要求，表明该技术已经达到了补强的目的，补强后的管件完全能够在运行压力为 6.4Mpa的状况下运行，即满足了对管道进行增压的要求。 After the reinforcing layer is solidified, the pipe is subjected to a compression test, and the pressure is pressed to 8.9 MPa, and the pipe body has no abnormality. The test results show that: under the real pressure, the reinforced pipe body meets the requirements, indicating that the technology has achieved the purpose of reinforcement, and the reinforced pipe can be operated at a running pressure of 6.4 MPa, that is, The requirement to pressurize the pipeline.

实施例 5 本发明技术方案在非金属管道修复补强中的应用 Embodiment 5 Application of the technical scheme of the invention in repairing and reinforcing non-metallic pipelines

某站场工艺管道，该管道为 PE管，管径为 110mm, 壁厚为 10mm，运行压力 0.8MPa，欲提高运行压力为 1.2MPa。 A station process pipeline, the pipeline is a PE pipe with a pipe diameter of 110 mm, a wall thickness of 10 mm, an operating pressure of 0.8 MPa, and an operating pressure of 1.2 MPa.

对整个管体进行清洗处理。 The entire tube is cleaned.

在管道表面涂刷绝缘的环氧树脂胶（E-7 ) , 然后沿管道环向铺设单向的玻璃纤维，滚压后，再重复几次，共铺设 10层。 Apply an insulating epoxy resin (E-7) to the surface of the pipe, and then lay a unidirectional glass fiber along the pipe loop. After rolling, repeat several times and lay a total of 10 layers.

补强层固化后对管道打压（至 1.7MPa ) 实验，完全符合管道压力的要求，通过验收。即满足了对管道进行增压的要求。 After the reinforcing layer is solidified, the pipe is pressed (to 1.7 MPa). The experiment is in full compliance with the pipeline pressure. Seek, pass the acceptance. That is, the requirement for supercharging the pipeline is satisfied.

实施例 6 本发明技术方案应用于管道止裂 Embodiment 6 The technical solution of the present invention is applied to pipeline crack arrest

具体实施步骤如下： The specific implementation steps are as follows:

某长距离输气管线，该管道材质为 x60钢，管径为 660mm,壁厚为 7mm, 运行压力 6.4MPa。 For a long distance gas pipeline, the pipe is made of x60 steel with a diameter of 660mm, a wall thickness of 7mm and a running pressure of 6.4MPa.

对需要加止裂器的管体部分进行除油除锈处理。 The part of the pipe body that needs to be added with a crack stopper is degreased and rusted.

在管道表面涂刷不饱和聚酯树脂 191 , 沿管道环向铺设 300mm宽单向的玻璃纤维。滚压后，重复一次，共铺设 2层。 The surface of the pipe is coated with an unsaturated polyester resin 191, and a 300 mm wide unidirectional glass fiber is laid along the pipe. After rolling, repeat once and lay 2 layers.

4)待表面干燥后，在其上涂刷不饱和聚酯树脂 191，然后沿管道环向铺设 300mm宽单向的碳纤维，滚压后，重复几次，共铺设 8层。 4) After the surface is dried, the unsaturated polyester resin 191 is applied thereon, and then a 300 mm wide unidirectional carbon fiber is laid along the pipe loop, and after rolling, it is repeated several times, and a total of 8 layers are laid.

5)待所有材料固化后，即形成此输气管线的一个止裂器。可才艮据具体情况，间隔一定距离，按以上步骤制作多个止裂器。 5) After all the materials have solidified, a crack stopper of the gas pipeline is formed. According to the specific situation, at a certain distance, follow the above steps to make multiple crack stoppers.

现在已经详细描述了本发明的实施方案，对本领域技术人员来说很明显可以 #丈很多改进和变化而不会背离本发明的基本精神,所有这些变化和改进都被认为是在本发明的范围之内。 The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that many modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, all of which are considered to be within the scope of the present invention. within.

Claims

权利要求 Rights request

1. 一种用复合材料对管道进行修复补强、增强和 /或止裂的方法，该方法包括以下步骤： . A method of repairing, reinforcing, and/or arresting a pipe with a composite material, the method comprising the steps of:

( 1 )在管道表面需要修复补强、增强和 /或止裂的部位包覆绝缘材料；和 (1) coating the insulating material on the surface of the pipe where repair, reinforcement and/or crack arrest are required; and

2. 按照权利要求 1所述的方法，在管道表面需要修复补强、增强和 /或止裂的部位整体包覆绝缘材料。 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the insulating material is integrally covered at a portion of the surface of the pipe where repair, reinforcement and/or crack arrest is required.

3. 按照权利要求 1所述的方法，在管道表面需要修复补强、增强和 /或止裂的部位的两端包覆绝缘材料。 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the insulating material is coated on both ends of the portion of the pipe surface where repair, reinforcement and/or crack arrest are required.

4. 按照权利要求 1-3任一项所述的方法，其中绝缘材料包括绝缘树脂，或绝缘的纤维复合材料。 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the insulating material comprises an insulating resin, or an insulating fiber composite.

5.按照权利要求 4所述的方法，其中所述的纤维是连续纤维，选自单向纤维、正交或斜交的无纬布叠层、二维织物层合和多向编织纤维材料。 The method of claim 4 wherein said fibers are continuous fibers selected from the group consisting of unidirectional fibers, orthogonal or oblique weftless laminates, two-dimensional fabric laminates, and multi-directional woven fibrous materials.

6. 按照权利要求 4所述的方法，其中绝缘的纤维复合材料选自玻璃纤维复合材料、玄武岩纤维复合材料、芳纶纤维复合材料、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维复合材料。 The method according to claim 4, wherein the insulating fiber composite material is selected from the group consisting of a glass fiber composite material, a basalt fiber composite material, an aramid fiber composite material, and an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber composite material.

7. 按照权利要求 4所述的方法，其中包覆绝缘的纤维复合材料的方法是湿法铺设法，所述的湿法铺设法包括以下步骤：： 7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the method of coating the insulated fiber composite material is a wet laying method, and the wet laying method comprises the following steps:

( 1 )在需要铺设绝缘纤维复合材料的管道表面涂刷可固化聚合物； (1) Applying a curable polymer to the surface of a pipe in which an insulating fiber composite material is to be laid;

( 2 ) 铺设绝缘纤维，并滚压，使得可固化聚合物均匀浸渍所述的绝缘纤维； (2) laying an insulating fiber and rolling it so that the curable polymer uniformly impregnates the insulating fiber;

8. 按照权利要求 4所述的方法，其中包覆绝缘的纤维复合材料的方法是干法铺设法，所述的干法铺设法包括以下步骤： 8. The method according to claim 4, wherein the method of coating the insulated fiber composite material is a dry laying method, and the dry laying method comprises the following steps:

( 2 )在需要铺设绝缘纤维材料的管道表面铺设一层或多层步驟 1得到的绝缘纤维预浸料；然后进行固化。 (2) Laying one or more layers of the insulating fiber prepreg obtained in the step 1 on the surface of the pipe to which the insulating fiber material is to be laid; and then curing.

9、按照权利要求 7或 8所述的方法，其中所述的各层绝缘纤維复合材料可以沿管道轴向铺设、环向铺设或以一定角度铺设，也可以是几种铺设方式的任意组合。 ''9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein said layers of insulating fiber composite material The material can be laid along the axial direction of the pipeline, laid in a circumferential direction or at an angle, or in any combination of several laying methods. ''

10、按照权利要求 7或 8所述的方法，其中所述的可固化聚合物包括基体材料以及任选的辅助材料；基体材料选自热固性树脂、热塑性树脂及高性能树脂；辅助材料选自固化剂、偶联剂、引发剂、稀释剂、交联剂、阻燃剂、阻聚剂、抗静电剂、光稳定剂以及填料。 10. A method according to claim 7 or claim 8, wherein said curable polymer comprises a matrix material and optionally an auxiliary material; the matrix material is selected from the group consisting of thermosetting resins, thermoplastic resins and high performance resins; and the auxiliary material is selected from curing. Agents, coupling agents, initiators, diluents, crosslinking agents, flame retardants, polymerization inhibitors, antistatic agents, light stabilizers, and fillers.

11、按照权利要求 10所述的方法，其中所述的可固化聚合物的基体材料是热固性树脂。 The method according to claim 10, wherein said base material of said curable polymer is a thermosetting resin.

12. 按照权利要求 11 所述的方法，其中所述的热固性树脂选自环氧树脂、酚酸树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、聚氛酯树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、双马来酰胺树脂、有机硅树脂、烯丙基树脂或它们的改性树脂。 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein said thermosetting resin is selected from the group consisting of epoxy resins, phenolic resins, unsaturated polyester resins, polyalcohol resins, polyimide resins, bismaleimide resins, Silicone resin, allyl resin or a modified resin thereof.

13. 权利要求 1所述的方法，其中在绝缘材料上铺设纤维复合材料的方法包括干法 4i设或湿法铺设，其中所述湿法铺设的步骤包括： 13. The method of claim 1 wherein the method of laying the fiber composite on the insulating material comprises dry or wet laying, wherein the step of wet laying comprises:

( 2 )铺设纤维，并滚压，使得可固化聚合物均匀浸渍所述的纤维；任选地重复 (1)和 (2)多次，然后进行固化；或 (2) laying the fibers and rolling them so that the curable polymer uniformly impregnates the fibers; optionally repeating (1) and (2) multiple times, followed by curing; or

其中所述干法铺设的步驟包括： The steps of the dry laying include:

( 2 )铺设一层或多层步骤 1得到的纤维预浸料，然后进行固化。 (2) Laying one or more layers of the fiber prepreg obtained in the step 1 and then curing.

14. 按照权利要求 13所述的方法，其中所述的纤维复合材料选自玻璃纤维复合材料、玄武岩纤维复合材料、碳纤维复合材料、芳纶纤维复合材料、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维或硼纤维复合材料复合材料。 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the fiber composite material is selected from the group consisting of a glass fiber composite material, a basalt fiber composite material, a carbon fiber composite material, an aramid fiber composite material, an ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fiber or a boron fiber composite. Material composite.

15、按照权利要求 13所述的方法，其中所述的纤维是连续纤维，选自单向纤维、正交或斜交的无纬布叠层、二维织物层合和多向编织纤维材料。 15. The method of claim 13 wherein said fibers are continuous fibers selected from the group consisting of unidirectional fibers, orthogonal or oblique weft-free laminates, two-dimensional fabric laminates, and multi-directional woven fibrous materials.

16、按照权利要求 13-15任一项所述的方法，其中所述各层纤维复合材料可以沿管道轴向铺设、环向铺设或以一定角度铺设，也可以是几种铺设方式的任意组合。 16. A method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the layers of fiber composite material can be laid axially along the pipe, laid circumferentially or at an angle, or can be any combination of several laying methods. .

17、按照权利要求 13 所述的方法，其中所述的可固化聚合物包括基体材料以及任选的辅助材料；基体材料选自热固性树脂、热塑性树脂及高性能树脂；辅助材料选自固化剂、偶联剂、引发剂、稀释剂、交联剂、阻燃剂、阻聚剂、抗静电剂、光稳定剂以及填料。 17. The method of claim 13 wherein said curable polymer comprises a matrix material and optionally an auxiliary material; the matrix material is selected from the group consisting of thermosetting resins, thermoplastic resins, and high performance resins; and the auxiliary material is selected from the group consisting of curing agents, Coupling agents, initiators, diluents, crosslinking agents, flame retardants, polymerization inhibitors, antistatic agents, light stabilizers, and fillers.

18、按照权利要求 17所述的方法，其中所述的可固化聚合物的基体材料是热固性树脂。 18. The method of claim 17 wherein said matrix of curable polymer is a thermosetting resin.

19、按照权利要求 18^Λ所述的方法，其中所述的热固性树脂选自环氧树脂、酚酪树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、聚氨酯树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、双马来酰胺树脂、有机珪树脂、烯丙基树脂或它们的改性树脂。 19. A method according to claim ¹⁸ Λ claim, wherein the thermosetting resin selected from epoxy resins, and phenol casein resins, unsaturated polyester resins, polyurethane resins, polyimide resins, bismaleimide resins, organic Anthracene resin, allyl resin or a modified resin thereof.

20、按照权利要求 1-3任一项所述的方法，该方法还包括在对管道进行修复补强增强和 /或止裂操作之前，任选地对管道进行表面处理，所述的表面处理可以是任何可提高界面结合力的处理方式，包括除油、除锈、磷化、偶联剂偶联或钝化。 20. The method of any of claims 1-3, further comprising optionally surface treating the pipe prior to performing a repair reinforcement enhancement and/or crack arrest operation on the pipe, said surface treatment It can be any treatment that enhances the interface bonding force, including degreasing, descaling, phosphating, coupling agent coupling or passivation.

21、按照权利要求 20所述的方法，其中所述的表面处理还包括在对管道进行修复补强、增强和 /或止裂操作之前，对管道的几何形状不规则处用填平材料进行填平。 21. The method according to claim 20, wherein said surface treatment further comprises filling the irregular geometry of the pipe with a filling material prior to repairing, reinforcing and/or arresting the pipe. level.

22. 按照权利要求 1-3任一项所述的方法，该方法还包括在完成权利要求 1-21所述的修复补强、增强和 /或止裂操作之后，在纤维复合材料外用外防腐材料进行防腐。 22. The method of any of claims 1-3, further comprising externally preserving the fiber composite after completing the repair, reinforcement and/or crack arrest operation of claims 1-21. The material is preserved.

23. 按照权利要求 1-3任一项所述的方法，其中所述需要修复补强、增强的部位包括有缺陷的管道和 /或管道附件，以及虽无缺陷但需要增强的管道和 /或管道附件。 23. The method of any of claims 1-3, wherein the portion requiring repairing reinforcement, reinforcement comprises defective piping and/or pipe fittings, and pipes that are not defective but require reinforcement and/or Pipe fittings.

24. 按照权利要求 1-3任一项所述的方法，其中所述需要止裂的部位包括直管道和管道附件。 24. The method of any of claims 1-3, wherein the portion requiring crack arrest comprises a straight pipe and a pipe attachment.

25.按照权利要求 23或 24所述的方法，其中所述的管道附件包括三通、弯头、异径管或法兰。 25. A method according to claim 23 or 24 wherein said pipe attachment comprises a tee, an elbow, a reducer or a flange.

26. 按照权利要求 23所述的方法，其中所述的缺陷包括体积型缺陷、平面型（裂紋型）缺陷、弥散损伤型缺陷（氢鼓泡、微裂紋）、几何型缺陷 (噘嘴、错边等）。 26. The method according to claim 23, wherein said defects include volume type defects, planar type (crack type) defects, dispersion damage type defects (hydrogen bubbling, microcracks), geometric defects (pouting, wrong) Side by side).

27. 按照权利要求 26所述的方法，其中所述的缺陷包括体积型缺陷、裂紋型缺陷、氢鼓泡、微裂紋、噘嘴或错边。 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the defects comprise volumetric defects, crack-type defects, hydrogen bubbling, microcracking, pouting or staggering.

28. 按照权利要求 1-3任一项所述的方法，其中所述的管道可以是金属管道或非金属管道。 28. The method of any of claims 1-3, wherein the conduit is a metal conduit or a non-metallic conduit.

29. 一种用于管道的止裂器，包括： 29. A crack stopper for pipes, comprising:

绝缘材料；和在绝缘材料上铺设的纤维复合材料。 Insulating material; and A fiber composite laid on an insulating material.

30.按照权利要求 29所述的止裂器，其中，所述绝缘材料包括绝缘树脂，或绝缘的纤维复合材料。 The crack stopper according to claim 29, wherein the insulating material comprises an insulating resin, or an insulating fiber composite.

31.按照权利要求 30所述的止裂器，其中所述的纤维是连续纤维，选自单向纤维、正交或斜交的无纬布叠层、二维织物层合和多向编织纤维材料。 31. The crack arrester of claim 30, wherein said fibers are continuous fibers selected from the group consisting of unidirectional fibers, orthogonal or oblique weftless laminates, two-dimensional fabric laminates, and multi-directional braided fibers. material.

32. 按照权利要求 30所述的止裂器，其中所述绝缘的纤维复合材料选自玻璃纤维复合材料、玄武岩纤维复合材料、芳纶纤维复合材料、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维复合材料。 A crack stopper according to claim 30, wherein said insulating fiber composite material is selected from the group consisting of a glass fiber composite material, a basalt fiber composite material, an aramid fiber composite material, and an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber composite material.

33. 按照权利要求 29-32中任一项所述的止裂器，还包括设置在纤维复合材料外的外防腐材料层，以用于防腐。 33. A crack arrester according to any of claims 29-32, further comprising a layer of outer anti-corrosion material disposed outside of the fiber composite for corrosion protection.

34. 按照权利要求 29-32中任一项所述的止裂器，其中所述的管道可以是金属管道或非金属管道。 34. The crack arrester of any of claims 29-32, wherein the conduit is a metal conduit or a non-metallic conduit.