WO2008073000A1 - Système de formation d'images stéréoscopiques - Google Patents

Système de formation d'images stéréoscopiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008073000A1
WO2008073000A1 PCT/RU2007/000649 RU2007000649W WO2008073000A1 WO 2008073000 A1 WO2008073000 A1 WO 2008073000A1 RU 2007000649 W RU2007000649 W RU 2007000649W WO 2008073000 A1 WO2008073000 A1 WO 2008073000A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
colors
matrix
frame
color
display
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PCT/RU2007/000649
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Evgeny Borisovich Gaskevich
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Evgeny Borisovich Gaskevich
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Application filed by Evgeny Borisovich Gaskevich filed Critical Evgeny Borisovich Gaskevich
Publication of WO2008073000A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008073000A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/332—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD]
    • H04N13/334—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD] using spectral multiplexing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/324—Colour aspects

Definitions

  • the invention relates to systems for forming color stereo images and can be used to create stereoscopic computer monitors and televisions, stereo cinema and other analog and digital means of displaying information.
  • Usually the invention is intended to create color stereoscopic liquid crystal monitors and televisions.
  • the invention can be used to demonstrate stereoscopic information at exhibitions, in museums, theaters, concert and sports halls, stadiums and sports fields, in video ads, in medicine, in computer-aided design systems, in cars, game and training systems, and in other areas of technology where the use of color stereoscopic images is required.
  • Matrix systems for reproducing a two-dimensional color image are known in the art, where an image is formed on a matrix of color reproducing elements, which is a screen (that is, an image is formed directly on the screen that the viewer sees). These are televisions, computer monitors, and other systems designed primarily for personal use.
  • the main types of arrays (screens, displays) used in such systems are liquid crystal displays (LCD screens) with backlight sources, plasma panels (PDP screens), picture tubes (CRT screens), LED displays (LED screens), etc.
  • Projection systems for reproducing a two-dimensional color image are known in the art, where an image is formed on a relatively small matrix (or a set of matrices) color reproducing elements, and is projected onto a large screen that the viewer sees using a powerful light flux and an optical system (including a lens or a set of lenses and other elements).
  • projection televisions as well as systems of video projectors with an external screen, intended mainly for collective use.
  • LCD matrices liquid crystal luminance displays
  • LCOS and D-ILA matrices liquid crystal reflective displays
  • DLP chips micromirror electromechanical panels
  • CRT black and white and monochrome picture tubes
  • a stereoscopic imaging system is known from the prior art, in which for separate eyewear observation of the left and right frames, stereopairs respectively provide the viewers with polarized or obturator glasses with the left and right eyes (see book: Valius H. A. Stereo: Photography, film, television. -M .: Art, 1986, - 263 s, ill.).
  • Polarization is used in two versions - linear (for example, for the left eye - vertical, for the right - horizontal) and circular (for example, for the right eye - the right, that is, clockwise, and for the left eye - the left, that is, counterclockwise , or vice versa).
  • a common drawback of all polarization methods is that it is almost impossible to use them to create matrix systems for generating color stereoscopic images. For this, microscopic polarizing filters would have to be applied, alternating with the polarization directions, on each pixel of the matrix monitor, which is technologically extremely difficult.
  • the use of polarization methods to create stereoscopic liquid crystal monitors and televisions is also complicated by the fact that already polarized light is used in the liquid crystal display.
  • polarization methods are used only to create projection systems for the formation of color stereo images.
  • the main disadvantage of the obturator method is eye fatigue due to low-frequency flickering of not only the image on the screen, but also of the environment, which causes irritation and even eye disease during prolonged observation of stereo images.
  • the drawback of the obturator method is the need to use heavy glasses, powered by a battery or from an external source.
  • Lens-raster stereoscopic systems with lens-raster stereo screens are also known in the art.
  • the main disadvantage of lens-raster stereoscopic systems is the need for motionless retention of the viewer's head in areas of selective stereoscopic vision.
  • the width of each zone of vision does not exceed the distance between the pupils of the eyes, while the shift of the eyes relative to the center of the zone by two or more centimeters leads to a significant decrease in the brightness of the observed image. If the viewer changes position and leaves the zone of vision, the stereo effect is lost.
  • a prior art method for generating stereo images based on the use of different colors for the left and right frames of a stereo pair takes the left frame - red, and the right frame - green, and project on one screen, and use glasses with filters - red and green.
  • the viewer sees with one eye only the red (left) frame, and with the other - only the green (right) frame, and as a result sees a three-dimensional image.
  • the main disadvantage of this method is that with its help it is impossible to ensure the formation of color stereo images with natural color reproduction.
  • a known method and system for the formation of color stereo image through the use of various sets of basic colors for different eyes which is the closest analogue of the present invention (WO 2000/074392 Al (Daimler Chrusler AG), priority May 26, 1999). Also known are stereo projection forming systems built on this principle (WO 2005/039192 Al (BARCO NV), priority October 21, 2003). However, in both of these patents we are talking only about projection systems, which is explicitly indicated in the claims.
  • the present invention contemplates matrix displays for generating stereo color images through the use of different sets of base colors for different eyes, using backlight sources corresponding to different sets of base colors.
  • the technical result to which the present invention is directed is to create a system for generating color stereo images, providing the formation of color stereo images with high definition, without geometric distortion, with natural color reproduction, with maximum resolution and wide field of view.
  • the stereo imaging system comprises: a matrix display with a backlight, designed to generate and alternately display the “left” and “right” frames of the stereo pair using sets of base colors Z left and Z right, respectively, and a filter device designed for separate observation of the “left” and “right” frames of a stereo pair with different eyes of the viewer by filtering the colors of the sets of Z left and Z right in
  • the matrix display has at least one backlight source or a set of backlight sources that provide illumination of the matrix display alternately with the spectrum corresponding to the set of basic colors Z left and with the spectrum corresponding to the set of basic colors Z right in synchronization with the display of the corresponding frames on the matrix display.
  • the “left” frame of a stereo pair is decomposed into components (color channels) according to the set of base colors Z lev , which includes at least three spectrally independent colors.
  • the “right” frame of a stereo pair is decomposed into components (color channels) according to a set of basic colors Z rights , which includes at least three spectrally independent colors, each of which does not match any color from the set of basic colors Z left .
  • all components (color channels) of the frame are displayed on the matrix display at the same time.
  • the "levogo" stereopair frame works backlight source or set of illumination sources corresponding to the set of primary colors Z lev
  • displaying a "ppavogo" stereopair frame works backlight source or set of illumination sources corresponding to the set of primary colors Z ppav.
  • the backlight sources can be turned on during the display of a frame in any mode, combination and sequence - simultaneously, sequentially, etc. It is only important that during the display of the frame they provide the required average backlight intensity with a spectrum corresponding to the set of basic colors for this frame.
  • the components (color channels) of the frame are not displayed simultaneously, for example, sequentially in time.
  • the backlight source of the corresponding base color is turned on.
  • a matrix display containing a matrix of spectral filters can be used, or a matrix display without a matrix of filters.
  • lasers or narrow-band LEDs are used as backlight sources, appropriate set of basic colors Z and Z ppav lev.
  • illumination sources are lasers and combinations of spectral filters or a combination of LEDs and narrow-band spectral filters corresponding sets of primary colors lev Z and Z ppav.
  • the backlight source is positioned so that the light flux emitted by the specified backlight source passes through the matrix display.
  • a liquid crystal screen (LCD screen) is used as a matrix display.
  • the matrix display comprises an array of spectral filters.
  • the emission spectra of one backlight source from a set of Z left and one backlight from a set of Z right fall into the transmission region of each spectral filter of a matrix display.
  • the filter device consists of at least two spectral filters, one of which transmits the colors of the set Z left and does not pass the colors of the set
  • a spectral filter that transmits the colors of the set Z left and does not pass the colors of the set Z left is located between the display device and the left eye of the viewer, and the spectral filter, that transmits the colors of the set Z right and does not transmit the colors of the set Z left is located between the display device and the right eye of the viewer.
  • the filter device is made in the form of at least one holographic optical element, which is located between the matrix display and the eyes of the user.
  • the stereo imaging system may be configured to further generate a two-dimensional image.
  • FIG. 1 shows a representation of sets of base colors and their corresponding color spaces in the x and y coordinates of the CGR model.
  • FIG. Figure 2 shows the formation of a color stereo image with the decomposition of the “left” and “right” frames of a stereo pair into different sets of basic colors in matrix systems, using two sets of three basic colors as an example.
  • FIG. Figure 3 shows the formation of stereo images with alternating display of “right” and “left” frames, with the simultaneous display on the matrix display of all components (color channels) of the frame.
  • FIG. Figure 4 shows the formation of a stereo image with alternating display of "right” and “left” frames, with sequential display on the matrix display of the individual components (color channels) of the frame, using a matrix display without a matrix of filters.
  • the ability of a person to see a stereoscopic (volumetric) image in the near zone is primarily due to the binocular mechanism of human vision.
  • two different two-dimensional images are formed on the retina of the left and right eyes, which are perceived by the brain as one three-dimensional (three-dimensional) image. Accordingly, if we create two two-dimensional images (frames) that correspond to the gaze with the left and right eyes (the so-called stereo pair), and make the left eye only see the “left” frame stereo pairs, and the right eye is just the “right” frame of the stereo pair, you can create a stereoscopic (surround) image.
  • a plurality of colors perceived by a person can be represented in x coordinates and in the CIP model, FIG. 1 (light gray area).
  • Any set of three (or more) spectrally independent colors (base colors) defines a color space (a triangle in the X and Y coordinates of the CIP model), all of whose colors can be obtained by mixing these base colors in various proportions.
  • a display device For forming a color stereoscopic image, using a display device form a "levy” and “ppavy” frames of the stereopair are laid “levy” and “ppavy” frames of the stereopair in components (color channels) for two different sets of primary colors Z lev and Z prosp AIn respectively, and then both frames are displayed using a display tool on the screen that the viewer sees, the “left” frame is displayed using a set of base colors Z left and the “right” frame is displayed using a set of basic colors Z right - A set of basic colors Z left in includes at least three spectrally independent colors, and the set of base colors Zpra includes at least three spectrally independent colors, each of which does not match any color from the set of basic colors Z lev .
  • the “left” and “right” frames can be displayed simultaneously or alternately.
  • the display device comprises a dot matrix display for forming and alternately display "levogo" and "ppavogo" stereopair frames, and the illumination source (or a set of illumination sources) intended to illuminate the matrix display alternates with a spectrum corresponding to the set Z lev basic colors, and with spectrum corresponding to the set of basic colors Z Right , synchronously with displaying the corresponding frames.
  • the “left” frame of a stereo pair is decomposed into components (color channels) by a set of basic colors Z left
  • the “right” frame of a stereo pair is decomposed into components (color channels) by a set of basic colors Z right - Components (color channels) can be displayed simultaneously or not simultaneously , for example, sequentially.
  • the colors of the sets of Z left and Z right are filtered using a filter device so that the viewer sees with the left eye the “left” frame of the stereo pair and does not see the “right”, and with the right eye sees the “right” frame of the stereo pair and does not see the “left”.
  • the filtering device is a set of at least two spectral filters - a “left” spectral filter that transmits the colors of the set Z left and does not transmit the colors of the set Z right, and a “right” spectral filter that transmits the colors of the set Z right and the color- tight set of Z left .
  • the spectral filters are arranged in such a way that a spectral filter that transmits the colors of the set Z left and does not transmit the colors of the set Z right is located between the viewer's left eye and the display device, and a spectral filter that transmits the colors of the set Z right and does not pass the colors of the set Z leB; located between the right eye of the viewer and the display device.
  • the left eye sees only the “left” frame of the stereopair formed by the base colors of the set of Z left
  • the right eye sees only the “right” frame of the stereopair formed by the basic colors of the set of Z left , which allows the viewer to see a color stereoscopic (volume) image.
  • the filtering device can be performed as custom spectral personal use filters - special glasses, contact lenses, etc.
  • Custom spectral filters can be of three types - “on exposure”, “on absorption and / or reflection)) and intermediate options.
  • Spectral filters “on transmittance)) pass narrow spectral bands corresponding to one of the sets of basic colors (Z left or Z right ) and do not pass other parts of the spectrum.
  • spectral filters “on transmission”) darken the environment and allow the viewer to see only the image on the screen (respectively, the left eye of the viewer sees the “left” frame of the stereo pair and does not see the “right”, the right eye of the viewer sees the “right” frame of the stereo pair and does not see “left”).
  • Spectral filters “for absorption and / or reflection)) absorb or reflect narrow spectral bands corresponding to one of the sets of basic colors (the left does not pass the colors of the set Z right , the right does not pass the colors of the set Z left ), and pass the remaining parts of the spectrum.
  • spectral filters “for absorption and / or reflection)) do not obscure the environment, and allow you to see how the image on the screen (respectively, the left eye of the viewer sees the“ left ”frame of the stereo pair and does not see the“ right ”, the right eye of the viewer sees“ the right "frame of the stereo pair and does not see the” left "), and the surrounding environment.
  • Intermediate spectral filter options can have arbitrary transmission spectra, provided that the “left” spectral filter transmits the colors of the set Z left and does not transmit the colors of the set Z right , and the “right” spectral filter transmits the colors of the set Z right and does not pass the color of the set Z lev .
  • Custom spectral filters can be combined with ordinary glasses for vision correction. To do this, just apply a filter layer on the lenses of the glasses. Similarly, custom spectral filters can be made using contact lenses.
  • the filter device is made in the form of at least one holographic optical element.
  • an LCD display (liquid crystal display) is used as a matrix display for image formation. It may contain a matrix of liquid crystal cells and a matrix of spectral filters, or only a matrix of liquid crystal cells without a matrix of spectral filters.
  • a system for generating a color stereoscopic image based on a liquid crystal display will be described in detail below.
  • a color image is formed as follows.
  • a matrix of microscopic spectral filters of basic colors (usually red, green and blue) is superimposed on a matrix of liquid crystal cells, each of which can change its transparency under the influence of voltage applied to it.
  • Cells and spectral filters superimposed on them can be in the form of strips, circles, etc. with a characteristic size of a fraction of a millimeter.
  • Each color-reproducing pair of “cells + spectral light filter” is usually called a subpixel.
  • the subpixels of each color are evenly distributed across the screen.
  • subpixels are conditionally grouped into groups (one subpixel of each color), which are called pixels.
  • a backlight source (broadband lamp) or a set of narrow-band backlight sources (lasers, LEDs) corresponding to a set of basic colors are installed.
  • a backlight source broadband lamp
  • a set of narrow-band backlight sources (lasers, LEDs) corresponding to a set of basic colors are installed.
  • Light from subpixels of different colors is mixed in the perception of the viewer, which allows you to form any color image on the screen.
  • each pixel reproduces a certain color (by mixing the base colors from its subpixels), and pixels of different colors form a color image on the screen.
  • the “right” and “left” frames are displayed on the screen alternately, while the backlight emission spectrum corresponds to the set of basic colors Z right when the LCD screen displays the “right” frame, and the backlight emission spectrum corresponds to the set when the LCD matrix displays the “left” frame basic colors Z lev - spectra of illumination light sources should fall in the spectral region of transmission color filters LSD screen, but to have a sufficient range of diversity for qualitative filter "ppavyx” and "levyx” user frame Spectral filters (spectacles, contact lenses, holographic or diffractive filters and m. p.).
  • all components (color channels) of the frame are displayed on the matrix display at the same time.
  • the backlight sources can be turned on during the display of a frame in any mode, combination and sequence - simultaneously, sequentially, etc. It is only important that during the display of the frame they provide the required average backlight intensity with a spectrum corresponding to the set of basic colors for this frame.
  • an ordinary LCD matrix with red, green and blue filters can be used, and three pairs of lasers (“left” and “right” red, “left” and “right” green, left and right blue) can be used as backlight )
  • the “left” lasers work; when the “right” frame is displayed, the “right” lasers work.
  • the alternation of frames should occur with such a frequency that the viewer perceives the image continuous in time.
  • Spectra the radiation of each pair of lasers should fall into the transmission region of the corresponding spectral filters of the LCD matrix (for example, the emission spectra of the “left” and “right” red lasers should fall into the transmission region of the red spectral filters of the LCD matrix, see Fig. 3).
  • the individual components (color channels) of each frame are not displayed on the matrix display simultaneously, for example, sequentially.
  • a matrix display LCD screen
  • a matrix display LCD screen
  • the backlight source of the corresponding base color is turned on.
  • the “red” channel of the “left” frame is displayed on the matrix of LCD cells and the “red” “left” backlight source is working
  • the “blue” channel of the “left” frame is displayed and the “blue” “left” is working the backlight source
  • the "green” channel of the “left” frame is displayed and the “green” left “source of illumination is working
  • the " red “channel of the” right “frame is displayed and the” red “right” source of illumination is working
  • the “blue” channel of the “right” frame is displayed and the “blue” “right” sub source is working
  • etki displays "GREEN” channel block "ppavogo” while working "GREEN” “ppavy” illumination source, etc.
  • the display order of the components (color channels) of frames can be any, it is only important that their alternation occurs at such a frequency that the viewer perceives the image continuous in time.
  • a color stereoscopic matrix display can include both a stereoscopic image mode for working with three-dimensional graphics, viewing stereo films, entertainment, etc., and a two-dimensional image mode (with higher light intensity or better color reproduction) for working with text or highly detailed two-dimensional images.
  • all the above systems for forming a color stereoscopic image can be performed with the additional possibility of forming two independent two-dimensional images for two users (when each user sees only his own image).
  • more than two sets of basic colors and backlight sources can be used to form several independent two-dimensional and / or stereoscopic images for several users, and several user-defined spectral filters, for independent observation of different images by different users.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
  • Stereoscopic And Panoramic Photography (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des systèmes de formation d'images stéréoscopiques couleur et peut s'utiliser pour fabriquer des moniteurs stéréoscopiques d'ordinateurs et de téléviseurs. L'invention permet de former une image couleur stéréo possédant une netteté élevée, ne présentant pas de distorsions géométriques et possédant une résolution maximale et un champ de vision élargi. Selon l'invention, les composants (les canaux de couleur) de chaque pose peuvent se refléter sur l'afficheur simultanément, par exemple, de façon séquentielle. Dans le premier cas, lors de l'affichage de la pose 'gauche' d'une paire stéréo, on utilise une source de rétroéclairage ou un ensemble de sources de rétroéclairage qui correspond aux couleurs de base Z(gauche), et lors de l'affichage de la pose 'droite' d'une paire stéréo, on utilise une source de rétroéclairage ou un ensemble de sources de rétroéclairage qui correspond aux couleurs de base Z(droite). Dans ce deuxième cas, lors de l'affichage de chaque composant (du canal de couleur) de la pose on utilise la source de rétroéclairage de la couleur de base correspondante. Lors de l'affichage en pose des composants (des canaux de couleur) d'une pose, lorsqu'un seul et unique composant est affiché à l'écran à n'importe quel moment, on peut utiliser un afficheur matriciel sans matrice de filtres lumineux spectraux.
PCT/RU2007/000649 2006-12-12 2007-11-21 Système de formation d'images stéréoscopiques WO2008073000A1 (fr)

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RU2006144420/09A RU2326507C1 (ru) 2006-12-12 2006-12-12 Система формирования стереоизображения

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US9338445B2 (en) 2011-08-04 2016-05-10 Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation Method and apparatus for full resolution 3D display

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