WO2008043221A1 - Moteur à quatre temps - Google Patents

Moteur à quatre temps Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008043221A1
WO2008043221A1 PCT/CN2007/001080 CN2007001080W WO2008043221A1 WO 2008043221 A1 WO2008043221 A1 WO 2008043221A1 CN 2007001080 W CN2007001080 W CN 2007001080W WO 2008043221 A1 WO2008043221 A1 WO 2008043221A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
crankshaft
bearing
engine
half box
casing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2007/001080
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Henglin Xiao
Original Assignee
Wuxi Kipor Power Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wuxi Kipor Power Co., Ltd. filed Critical Wuxi Kipor Power Co., Ltd.
Priority to EP07720654.8A priority Critical patent/EP2067973A4/en
Priority to US12/304,417 priority patent/US20090320791A1/en
Priority to AU2007306907A priority patent/AU2007306907B2/en
Publication of WO2008043221A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008043221A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/20—Adjusting or compensating clearance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M9/00—Lubrication means having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M7/00
    • F01M9/06—Dip or splash lubrication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/002—Integrally formed cylinders and cylinder heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
    • F02F7/0002—Cylinder arrangements
    • F02F7/0004—Crankcases of one-cylinder engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
    • F02F7/0043—Arrangements of mechanical drive elements
    • F02F7/0053—Crankshaft bearings fitted in the crankcase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/026—Gear drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/14—Tappets; Push rods
    • F01L1/146—Push-rods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F01L1/181—Centre pivot rocking arms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F01L1/181—Centre pivot rocking arms
    • F01L1/182—Centre pivot rocking arms the rocking arm being pivoted about an individual fulcrum, i.e. not about a common shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/047—Camshafts
    • F01L2001/054—Camshafts in cylinder block
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a four-stroke engine, and more particularly to a small four-stroke engine, which belongs to the technical field of power units.
  • the box body is composed of the first and second half boxes connected to each other at a parting surface, and the extension of the parting surface is inclined with the axis of the first and second bearing blocks of the crankshaft.
  • the cylinder barrel is integrally molded with the first bearing housing on the first half box, and the second bearing housing is integrally molded on the second half box.
  • the distance between the first and second bearings supporting the two ends of the crankshaft should be reduced as much as possible, which can effectively reduce the bending moment generated on the crankshaft due to the load exerted on the crankshaft by the piston, so as to improve The durability of the crankshaft.
  • the valve operating mechanism connected to the crankshaft is disposed near the inside of the second half tank. Therefore, to reduce the distance between the first and second bearing portions, the valve operating mechanism is an obstacle. That is, at least one of the bearing portions cannot be placed close to the crank portion of the crankshaft because it is obstructed by the valve operating mechanism, and when the engine is to be assembled, a portion of the valve operating mechanism must be connected before the first and second halves are joined together. Temporary assembly to the crankshaft, so this engine assembly has certain limitations and difficulties.
  • An object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies, thereby providing a reduction in the distance between first and second bearing portions supporting both ends of a crankshaft without interference of a valve operating device, thereby improving the durability of the crankshaft
  • the valve operating mechanism can be assembled after the first and second halves are connected to each other, which makes the engine easier to assemble; because the oil impeller is installed in the crankcase of the four-stroke engine, it provides a good engine.
  • the lubrication method can splash more lubricating oil mist when the crankshaft is running, so as to reliably provide lubrication between the components of the valve operating room to ensure the service life of each component.
  • the invention mainly comprises a casing of an engine, a side cover connected to the casing of the engine; the casing of the engine is composed of a first half box and a second half box; and a cylinder barrel integrated with the cylinder head, the cylinder barrel Accommodating a piston, forming a combustion chamber between a lower portion of the cylinder head and a top surface of the piston, the crankshaft having a crank portion connected to the piston through a connecting rod; and the first half box includes a first and second upper portion supporting bearings at both ends of the crankshaft a semi-bearing seat; the second half-box includes a first and a second lower bearing housing supporting the bearings at both ends of the crankshaft; the first half and the second half are passing through the axial center of the first bearing housing and the second bearing housing And the parting planes of the vertical cylinder cylinder center line are connected to each other; the engine casing is divided into the first half box and the second half box by the crankshaft axis line and perpendicular to
  • the present invention installs an oil impeller through a shaft on a side wall of a lower oil reservoir of a crankshaft of an engine.
  • the oil impeller can splash more lubricating oil mist when the crankshaft is running, thus reliably providing lubrication between the components of the valve operating mechanism.
  • a crankshaft timing gear is fixed to the crankshaft of the present invention, and one of the bearings is disposed between the crank portion and the crankshaft timing gear.
  • the invention is simple, compact and reasonable; the distance between the first and second bearing portions supporting the two ends of the crankshaft is reduced without interference of the valve operating mechanism, thereby reducing the bending moment of the piston applied to the crankshaft. Improve the durability of the crankshaft; on the other hand, because the valve operating mechanism is arranged outside the first bearing, the valve operating mechanism is easy to assemble; at the same time, due to the addition of the oil impeller, the lubricating oil mist can be splashed more, and the crank connection is ensured. Better lubrication between the components of the rod mechanism and the valve operating mechanism, thereby improving the performance of the engine and ensuring the service life of each component.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a four-stroke engine of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the engine of the present invention taken along line A-A.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the engine of the present invention taken along line B-B.
  • the invention mainly comprises an engine casing 1, an oil storage chamber 2, a first half tank 3, a first upper bearing half 4, a second upper bearing housing 5, a cylinder head 6, a cylinder cylinder 7, and a second half tank 8. a first lower bearing half 9, a second lower bearing housing 10, a crankshaft 11, a piston 12, a combustion chamber 13, a crank portion 14, a connecting rod 15, an intake valve 16, an exhaust valve 17, a spark plug 18, a first bearing housing 19, a second bearing housing 20, a side cover 21, a first journal portion 22, a second journal portion 23, a rolling bearing 24, 25.
  • the casing 1 of the engine of the present invention is composed of a first half box 3 and a second half box 8, and the first box 3 is formed by the first upper bearing housing 4, the second upper bearing housing 5 and an integral with the cylinder head 6.
  • the cylinder barrel 7 is integrally molded, and the second half tank 8 is integrally molded by the oil storage chamber 2, the first lower half bearing housing 9 and the second lower bearing housing 10 supported at both ends of the crankshaft 11, and the cylinder barrel 7 is formed.
  • the piston 12 can be accommodated, and a combustion chamber 13 is formed between the lower portion of the cylinder head 6 and the top surface of the piston 12.
  • the crankshaft 11 has a crank portion 14 which is connected to the piston 12 via a connecting rod 15 and is mounted in the upper cylinder head 6 of the combustion chamber 13 Intake valve 16, exhaust valve 17 and spark plug 18.
  • the first half of the box 3 and the second half of the box 8 are connected to each other at the parting surface to form the casing 1 of the engine.
  • the parting surface passes through the center line of the crankshaft U and is perpendicular to the center line of the cylinder barrel 7, and divides the casing 1 of the engine into a first half box 3 and a second half box 8; a crank of the crankshaft 11 is mounted between the rolling bearings 24, 25.
  • the portion 14 is provided with first and second journals 22, 23 on both sides of the crank portion 14, and the crankshaft 11 is supported by the rolling bearings 24, 25; the first one supported by the first and second journals 22, 23,
  • the second bearing housings 19, 20 are divided into first and second upper bearing housings 4, 5 at the parting surface, first and second lower bearing portions 9, 10, first and second upper bearing housings 4, 5 and the first and second lower bearing housings 9, 10 are integrally molded on the first and second half boxes 3, 8, respectively.
  • An oil seal 48 is attached to the outside of the second bearing housing 20.
  • a side cover 21 is connected to the outer side surface of the engine case 1, and the side cover 21 forms a valve operating chamber 26 together with the outer side surface of the engine case 1, and the outer oil storage chamber 2 and the valve operating room are located outside the first bearing housing 19. 26 connected.
  • the upper portion of the valve operating chamber 26 extends to the upper surface of the cylinder head 6 through the side wall of the cylinder barrel 7, and the upper portion of the valve operating chamber 26 is closed by the cylinder head cover 29, and the cylinder head cover 29 is attached to the upper surface of the cylinder head 6.
  • the valve operating mechanism 30 is placed in the valve operating chamber 26, and the intake valve 16 and the exhaust valve 17 are opened and closed by the rotation of the crankshaft 11. '
  • crank timing gear 31 is fixed to the crankshaft 11 outside the first bearing housing 19, and one of the rolling bearings 24, 25 is disposed between the crank portion 14 and the crank timing gear 31.
  • the crankshaft timing gear 31 is included in the valve operating mechanism 30;
  • the driven timing gear 32 is mounted on the driven shaft 33, and
  • the crankshaft timing gear 31 is driven at a gear ratio of 2:1;
  • the cam 34 and the driven timing gear 32 are integrally formed, and are driven to rotate freely on the driven shaft 33 by the driven timing gear 32;
  • the column 35 is mounted on the tappet shaft 36 and is slidable on the tappet shaft 36 by the cam 34; a pair of rocker arms 37 are mounted on the rocker shaft 38, one end of which abuts the intake valve 16 and the exhaust valve, respectively.
  • valve spring 40 applies pressure to the intake valve 16 and the exhaust valve 17 in the closing direction.
  • the impact surface of the cam 34 pushes up the rod 39 through the valve tappet 35, the intake valve 16 and the exhaust valve 17 are opened, and when the base circular surface of the cam faces the valve tappet 35, the intake valve 16 and the exhaust valve The door 17 is closed under the force of the valve spring 40.
  • the driven shaft 33 and the tappet shaft 36 are supported on the engine case 1 and the side cover 21, and the rocker shaft 38 is supported on the engine cylinder head 6.
  • An oil impeller 28 is mounted on the side wall of the lower oil reservoir 2 of the crankshaft 11 of the engine via a shaft 27, and the lubricating oil 49 is stored in the lower portion of the oil storage chamber 2. A portion of the oil impeller 28 is immersed in the lubricating oil 49, and the oil impeller 28 is driven by the crankshaft timing gear 31 to freely rotate on the shaft 27 for splashing the lubricating oil 49, thereby lubricating the components in the valve operating chamber 26. Further, at the bottom of the oil storage chamber 2, an alarm mounting hole 41 is provided, and the lubricating oil alarm 42 is installed therein.
  • the oil squeezing pin 43 is fixed to the lower end of the connecting rod 15 by bolts 44, and the lubricating oil 49 can be splashed.
  • a generator 45 is connected to one end of the crankshaft 11, and the cooling fan 46 is fixed to the generator 45, outside the cooling fan 46.
  • the mask has a fan cover 47, and the cooling air of the cooling fan 46 can be guided to the cylinder barrel 7 and the cylinder head 6 of the body to cool the above components.
  • the rolling bearings 24, 25 are mounted to the first and second journals 22, 23 of the crankshaft 11 and are fitted by the first upper half bearing portion 4, the first lower half bearing portion 9, and the second
  • the first bearing portion 5 and the second lower bearing portion 10 are connected by bolts 50 to the first and second bearing housings 19, 20, and the first half box 3 and the second half box 8 are bolted together.
  • the valve operating mechanism 30 is loaded into the valve operating chamber 26.
  • the side cover 21 and the cylinder head cover 29 are bolted to the body 1 of the engine.
  • the piston 12 exerts a load on the crank portion 14 of the crankshaft 11 via the connecting rod 15, which is received by the first bearing housing 19 and the second bearing housing 20 of the engine. Since this load acts on the crankshaft 11, in particular a bending moment is produced between the bearing blocks 19, 20. However, since the distance between the bearing housings 19, 20 is short, the bending moment is small. Due to valve operating mechanism arrangement In the valve operating chamber 26 outside the first bearing housing 19, and the bearing housings 19, 20 are located near both ends of the crank portion 14, without interference from the valve operating mechanism 30, the distance between the bearing housings 19, 20 is minimized. Therefore, the bending moment can be kept to a minimum, which is advantageous for improving the durability of the crankshaft.
  • the combustible gas in the engine combustion chamber 13 of the present invention pushes the engine piston 12 to reciprocate due to the expansion work, thereby driving the crankshaft 11 to rotate through the connecting rod 15, and the crank timing gear 31 is successively rotated, thereby driving the driven timing with a 2:1 transmission ratio.
  • the gear 32 and the cam 34 rotate, and the rocker arm 37 swings through the tappet 35 and the push rod 39 to control the opening of the intake and exhaust valves 16, 17.
  • the intake and exhaust valves 16 17 is automatically closed by the valve spring 40 to realize the working cycle of the engine.
  • the oil impeller 28 is body-wound by the crank timing gear 31, since the oil impeller 28 is partially immersed in the lubricating oil 49, Therefore, the oil impeller 28 can splash the lubricating oil 49 in the oil storage chamber 2 upward, and at the same time, stir the lubricating oil with the oil stylus 43 on the connecting rod 15, thereby lubricating the valve operating mechanism with the splashing oil and the oil mist.
  • Other moving parts are used to be used to the oil.
  • an oil alarm 42 installed in the oil storage chamber 2 will give an alarm signal to stop the engine and ensure that the engine is not damaged.
  • the four-stroke engine shortens the distance between the crankshaft bearing portions and improves the durability of the crankshaft.
  • the valve operating mechanism is disposed outside the first bearing, the valve operating mechanism is easy to assemble, and at the same time An oil impeller can splash the lubricating oil mist more, which ensures better lubrication between the crank connecting rod mechanism and the valve operating parts, thus improving the performance of the engine.
  • the present structure is not limited to the above application examples, and can be applied to other four-stroke engines.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

四冲程发动机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种四冲程发动机， 具体地说是小型四冲程发动机， 属于动 力装置技术领域。
背景技术
目前， 已有的小型四冲程发动机中， 箱体是由第一和第二半箱在一分型 面处相互连接而组成， 分型面的延长与曲轴第一和第二轴承座的轴线斜向相 交。 气缸筒与第一轴承座整体的模制在第一半箱上， 第二轴承座整体的模制 在第二半箱上。 在这种形式的发动机中应尽可能的减小支承曲轴两端的第一 和第二轴承之间的距离， 能有效的减轻由于活塞施加在曲轴上的负荷而对曲 轴产生的弯矩， 以提高曲轴的耐久性。
然而在上述传统的发动机中，与曲轴相连的气门操作机构布置在第二半 箱内部近旁。 因此要减小第一和第二轴承部分之间的距离， 气门操作机构是 一个障碍。 也就是说， 至少一个轴承部分不能置于靠近曲轴的曲柄部分， 因 为它受到气门操作机构的阻碍， 当发动机要装配时， 气门操作机构的一部分 必须在第一和第二半箱连接在一起之前临时装配到曲轴上， 因此这种发动机 装配有一定的局限性和困难性。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述不足之处，从而提供一种将支承曲轴两端的 第一和第二轴承部分之间的距离减小而不受气门操作机抅的干涉， 从而能提 高曲轴的耐久性; 气门操作机构可以在第一和第二半箱相互连接在一起后装 配， 这可使发动机更容易装配； 由于在四冲程发动机曲轴箱内安装了甩油叶 轮，为发动机提供了一种很好的润滑方式，它在曲轴运转时能溅起较多的润滑 油雾， 从而可靠的提供气门操作室各零部件间的润滑， 保证各零部件的使用 寿命。
本发明的主要解决方案是这样实现的：
本发明主要包括发动机的箱体， 与发动机的箱体相连的侧盖； 发动机的 箱体由第一半箱、 第二半箱组成； 与气缸盖成一体式的气缸筒， 该气缸筒内 容纳活塞， 在气缸盖的下部与活塞顶面之间形成燃烧室， 曲轴有一曲柄部分 通过连杆与活塞相连接； 特征是第一半箱含有一支承曲轴两端轴承的第一、 第二上半轴承座； 第二半箱含有一支承曲轴两端轴承的第一、 第二下半轴承 座； 第一半箱和第二半箱在通过第一轴承座和第二轴承座的轴心线并垂直气 缸筒中心线的分型面处相互连接； 通过曲轴轴心线且垂直于气缸筒中心线处 将发动机的箱体分为第一半箱和第二半箱， 将曲轴第一轴承座和第二轴承座 分成第一、 第二上半轴承座与第一、 第二下半轴承座， 第一、 第二上半轴承 座成整体的模制在第一半箱上， 第一、 第二下半轴承座整体的模制在第二半 箱上， 第一半箱与曲轴中心线垂直的外侧面上连接侧盖， 侧盖与第一半箱的 侧面组成一容纳气门操作机构的气门操作室。
本发明在发动机的曲轴的下部储油室的侧壁上通过轴安装甩油叶轮。 甩 油叶轮在曲轴运转时能溅起较多的润滑油雾， 从而可靠的提供气门操作机构 各零部件间的润滑。
本发明曲轴上固定曲轴正时齿轮， 轴承之一设置在曲柄部分与曲轴正时 齿轮之间。
本发明与已有技术相比具有以下优点：
本发明结构简单、 紧凑， 合理； 由于将支承曲轴两'端的第一和第二轴承 部分之间的距离减小而不受气门操作机构的干涉， 从而减少了活塞施加在曲 轴上的弯矩以提高曲轴的耐久性； 另一方面由于气门操作机构布置在第一轴 承的外部， 使气门操作机构容易装配； 同时由于增加了甩油叶轮， 可以更多 的溅起润滑油雾， 保证了曲柄连杆机构及气门操作机构各零部件间更好的润 滑， 进而提高了发动机的使用性能， 同时也保证了各零部件的使用寿命。
附图说明
图 1为本发明四冲程发动机的纵剖图。
图 2为本发明发动机沿 A- A线的剖视图。
图 3为本发明发动机沿 B-B线的剖视图。
具体实施方式：
下面本发明将结合附图中的实施例作进一步描述： '
本发明主要由发动机的箱体 1、储油室 2、 第一半箱 3、 第一上半轴承座 4、 第二上半轴承座 5、 气缸盖 6、 气缸筒 7、 第二半箱 8、 第一下半轴 承座 9、 第二下半轴承座 10、 曲轴 11、 活塞 12、.燃烧室 13、 曲柄部分 14、 连杆 15、进气门 16、排气门 17、火花塞 18、第一轴承座 19、第二轴承座 20、 侧盖 21、第一轴颈部 22、第二轴颈部 23、滚动轴承 24、 25、气门操作室 26、 轴 27、 油叶轮 28、 气缸盖罩 29、 气门操作机构 30、 曲轴正吋齿轮 31、 从动 正时齿轮 32、 从动轴 33、 凸轮 34、 挺柱 35、 挺柱轴 36、 摇臂 37、 摇臂轴 38、 推杆 39、 气门弹簧 40、 报警器安装孔 41、 润滑油报警器 42、 击油针 43 螺栓 44、 发电机 45、 冷却风扇 46、 风扇罩 47、 油封 48、 润滑油 49及螺栓 50等组成。
本发明发动机的箱体 1由第一半箱 3、 第二半箱 8组成， 第一半箱 3由 第一上半轴承座 4、 第二上半轴承座 5和一与气缸盖 6成一体的气缸筒 7整 体模制形成， 第二半箱 8由储油室 2、支承在曲轴 11两端的第一下半轴承座 9、第二下半轴承座 10整体模制形成， 上述气缸筒 7可以容纳活塞 12， 在气 缸盖 6的下部与活塞 12顶面之间形成燃烧室 13， 曲轴 11有一曲柄部分 14 它通过连杆 15与活塞 12相连， 在燃烧室 13上部气缸盖 6中安装有进气门 16、排气门 17和火花塞 18。第一半箱 3、第二半箱 8在分型面处相互连接在 一起组成发动机的箱体 1。 上述分型面通过曲轴 U中心线且垂直于气缸筒 7 中心线， 将发动机的箱体 1分为第一半箱 3、 第二半箱 8; 滚动轴承 24、 25 之间装有曲轴 11的曲柄部分 14， 靠近曲柄部分 14的两侧设有第一、 第二轴 颈部 22、 23， 通过滚动轴承 24、 25支承曲轴 11 ; 支承在第一、 第二轴颈部 22、 23的第一、第二轴承座 19、 20在分型面处分成第一、第二上半轴承座 4、 5, 第一、 第二下半轴承部分 9、 10， 第一、 第二上半轴承座 4、 5及第一、 第二下半轴承座 9、 10分别成一体的模制在第一和第二半箱 3、 8上。在第二 轴承座 20的外侧安装油封 48。
在发动机箱体 1的外侧表面上连接一侧盖 21， 该侧盖 21与发动机箱体 1的外侧表面共同形成气门操作室 26，在第一轴承座 19的外侧储油室 2与气 门操作室 26连通。 气门操作室 26的上部通过气缸筒 7的侧壁伸展到气缸盖 6的上面， 气门操作室 26上部被气缸盖罩 29封闭， 气缸盖罩 29连接在气缸 盖 6上表面上。气门操作机构 30置于气门操作室 26中，通过曲轴 11的旋转 打开和关闭进气门 16和排气门 17。 '
如图 1、 3所示：曲轴正时齿轮 31固定在第一轴承座 19外的曲轴 11上， 滚动轴承 24、 25之一设置在曲柄部分 14与曲轴正时齿轮 31之间。曲轴正时 齿轮 31包括在气门操作机构 30内； 从动正时齿轮 32装在从动轴 33上， 并 由曲轴正时齿轮 31以 2: 1的传动比驱动； 凸轮 34和从动正时齿轮 32成一 体式结构， 通过从动正时齿轮 32带动在从动轴 33上自由旋转； 一对气门挺 柱 35装在挺柱轴 36上， 可通过凸轮 34驱动在挺柱轴 36上自由摆动； 一对 摇臂 37装在摇臂轴 38上， 它们的一端分别对接进气门 16和排气门 17的头 部； 一对推杆 39将摇臂的另一端连接到挺柱 35上； 气门弹簧 40将进气门 16和排气门 17往关闭方向施加压力。 当凸轮 34的冲击面通过气门挺柱 35 向上顶推杆 39时，进气门 16和排气门 17被打开，当凸轮的基圆面朝向气门 挺柱 35时， 进气门 16和排气门 17在气门弹簧 40的作用力下被关闭。
从动轴 33和挺柱轴 36支承在发动机箱体 1和侧盖 21上， 摇臂轴 38支 承在发动机气缸盖 6上。
在发动机的曲轴 11的下部储油室 2的侧壁上通过轴 27安装有甩油叶轮 28， 润滑油 49储存在储油室 2下部。 甩油叶轮 28的一部分浸在润滑油 49 中，甩油叶轮 28由曲轴正时齿轮 31驱动，在轴 27上自由旋转， 用来飞溅润 滑油 49， 从而润滑气门操作室 26中各零部件。 另外， 在储油室 2的底部， 设有报警器安装孔 41， 润滑油报警器 42安装其中。
将击油针 43用螺栓 44固定在连杆 15的下端， 同样可以飞溅润滑油 49， 在曲轴 11的一端连接有发电机 45， 冷却风扇 46固定在发电机 45上， 在冷 却风扇 46的外面罩有风扇罩 47，可以将冷却风扇 46的冷却风导向机体的气 缸筒 7和气缸盖 6， 冷却上述部件。
装配发动机时， 将滚动轴承 24、 25安装到曲轴 11的第一、 第二轴颈部 22、 23上， 并装入由第一上半轴承部分 4、 第一下半轴承部分 9， 第二上半 轴承部分 5、 第二下半轴承部分 10用螺栓 50连接在一起所形成的第一、 第 二轴承座 19、 20中， 再将第一半箱 3、 第二半箱 8用螺栓锁紧， 然后将气门 操作机构 30装入气门操作室 26中。 最后用螺栓将侧盖 21和气缸盖罩 29连 接到发动机的机体 1上。 这样在发动机第一半箱 3、 第二半箱 8互相连接在 一起的状态下， 曲轴 11被可靠的支承， 气门操作机构被方便的装配。
本发明的工作原理和工作过程：
在发动机运行期间， 由于膨胀或压缩冲程， 活塞 12通过连杆 15对曲轴 11曲柄部 14施加一负荷， 此负荷被发动机的第一轴承座 19、第二轴承座 20 所承受。 由于此负荷在曲轴 11上，特别是在轴承座 19、 20之间产生一弯矩。 但由于轴承座 19、 20之间的距离较短，.此弯矩较小。 由于气门操作机构布置 在第一轴承座 19外面的气门操作室 26中， 并且轴承座 19、 20位于曲柄部 14的两端附近， 而不受气门操作机构 30的干扰， 因此轴承座 19、 20之间的 距离最小， 所以弯矩可以保持最小， 这有利于提高曲轴的耐久性。
本发明发动机燃烧室 13内的可燃气体由于膨胀做功推动发动机活塞 12 往复运动， 从而经过连杆 15带动曲轴 11旋转， 曲轴正时齿轮 31相继转动， 进而以 2: 1传动比带动从动正时齿轮 32、 凸轮 34旋转， 经过挺柱 35和推 杆 39带动摇臂 37摆动， 控制进、 排气门 16、 17的开启， 当凸轮 34旋转至 基圆位置时， 进、 排气门 16、 17在气门弹簧 40作用下自动关闭， 从而实现 发动机的工作循环过程， 在发动机运行期间， 甩油叶轮 28被曲轴正时齿轮 31躯动， 由于甩油叶轮 28—部分浸在润滑油 49中， 因此甩油叶轮 28可将 储油室 2中的润滑油 49向上溅起，同时和连杆 15上的击油针 43—起搅动润 滑油， 从而用飞溅的油和油雾润滑气门操作机构和其它运动部件。
当发动机润滑油下降到低于规定油位时，安装在储油室 2上的一机油报 警器 42就会发出报警信号， 使发动机停止运行， 保证发动机不受损伤。
该四冲程发动机一方面是缩短了曲轴支承轴承部分之间的距离，提高了 曲轴的耐久性， 另一方面由于气门操作机构布置在第一轴承的外部， 使气门 操作机构容易装配， 同时由于增加了一甩油叶轮，可以更多的溅起润滑油雾， 保证了曲柄连杆机构及气门操作机构各零部件间更好的润滑， 进而提高了发 动机的使用性能。 本结构的不限于上述应用实例， 还可应用于其它四冲程发 动机。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种四冲程发动机， 主要包括发动机的箱体 （1 )， 与箱体 （1 )相连 的侧盖（21 )， 发动机的箱体（1) 由第一半箱（3)、 第二半箱（8)组成； 与 气缸盖（6) 成一体式的气缸筒（7)， 该气缸筒（7) 内容纳活塞（12)， 在气 缸盖 （6) 的下部与活塞 （12) 顶面之间形成燃烧室 （13 )， 曲轴 （11 )有一 曲柄部分（14)通过连杆与活塞（12)相连接； 其特征是第一半箱（3〉含有 支承曲轴两端轴承的第一、 第二上半轴承座 （4、 5); 第二半箱 （8) 含有支 承曲轴两端轴承的第一、 第二下半轴承座（9、 10)； 第一半箱（3)和第二半 箱（8)在通过第一轴承座（4)和第二轴承座（5)的轴心线并垂直气缸筒（7) 中心线的分型面处相互连接； 通过曲轴（11 )轴心线且垂直于气缸筒（7) 中 心线处将发动机的箱体 α ) 分为第一半箱（3) 和第二半箱 （8)， 将曲轴第 —轴承座 （19) 和第二轴承座 （20) 分成第一、 第二上半轴承座 （4、 5) 与 第一、 第二下半轴承座 （9、 10〉， 第一、 第二上半轴承座 （4、 5) 成整! ^的 模制在第一半箱 （3)上， 第一、 第二下半轴承座 （9、 10) 整体的模制在第 二半箱（8) 上， 第一半箱 （3) 与曲轴 （11) 中心线垂直的外侧面上连接侧 盖 (21)， 侧盖 （21 ) 与第一半箱 （3) 的侧面组成容纳气门操作机构 （30) 的气门操作室 （26)。
1、 根据权利要求 1所述的四冲程发动机， 其特征在于所述的曲轴 （11 ) 的下部储油室 （2) 的侧壁上通过轴 （27) 安装甩油叶轮 （28)。
3、根据权利要求 1或 2所述的四冲程发动机，其特征在于所述的曲轴（11) 上固定曲轴正时齿轮（31 )， 轴承（24、 25)之一设置在曲柄部分（14)与曲 轴正时齿轮 （31 ) 之间。
PCT/CN2007/001080 2006-09-30 2007-04-03 Moteur à quatre temps WO2008043221A1 (fr)

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CN100427746C (zh) 2008-10-22
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AU2007306907B2 (en) 2011-02-24
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