WO2007143918A1 - Blade rotation angle autocontrol system for vertical axis wind power generator - Google Patents

Blade rotation angle autocontrol system for vertical axis wind power generator Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007143918A1
WO2007143918A1 PCT/CN2007/001771 CN2007001771W WO2007143918A1 WO 2007143918 A1 WO2007143918 A1 WO 2007143918A1 CN 2007001771 W CN2007001771 W CN 2007001771W WO 2007143918 A1 WO2007143918 A1 WO 2007143918A1
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Prior art keywords
blade
wind
vertical axis
angle
rotation
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PCT/CN2007/001771
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Qiang Yan
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Qiang Yan
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Publication of WO2007143918A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007143918A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/06—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D3/066—Rotors characterised by their construction elements the wind engaging parts being movable relative to the rotor
    • F03D3/067—Cyclic movements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a vertical axis wind turbine, and more particularly to an automatic blade angle control system for a vertical axis wind turbine.
  • wind power generators of various structures have been designed for a long time. According to the position of the rotating shaft of the wind turbine in the spatial direction, it is divided into horizontal horizontal axis wind turbine and vertical vertical direction. Axis wind turbines.
  • the vertical axis wind turbines of vertical axis wind turbines can be divided into two categories, one is the lift type wind wheel, and the other type is the resistance type wind wheel. Please refer to the "February 1984" published by the Energy Press. Wind Energy and Its Utilization, pp. 81-85, the features of the lift and drag type wind wheels are described in detail in this publication. Although the lift type and the resistance type wind wheel are both vertical axis wind turbines, the principle of the wind driven wind wheel rotation is not only completely different, but the effect is also very different.
  • the so-called lift type is when the phoenix blows on the surface of the blade. Due to the shape of the blade and the installation angle of the blade, the wind speeds of the outer surface and the inner surface of the blade are different, thus forming a wind speed difference on the outer and inner surfaces of the blade.
  • Mechanics can know that when the fluid velocity on the inner and outer surfaces is inconsistent, a pressure difference is formed between the two surfaces, that is, lift.
  • the blade selects a certain blade installation angle (angle of attack) at different positions, this pressure difference ( If the lift overcomes the resistance, the driving torque around the center of rotation of the wind wheel will be generated to make the wind wheel rotate. However, when the wind wheel rotates, the blade will generate a certain resistance due to the shape of the airfoil. The higher the speed of the wind wheel, the greater the resistance. Until the balance of lift and resistance. Therefore, the efficiency of the lift type wind turbine depends on the design parameters of the wind wheel (airfoil, blade mounting angle, etc.).
  • the resistance type vertical axis wind wheel is essentially different from the lift type wind wheel due to the blade shape.
  • the blade of the resistance type wind wheel can be a door plate, the resistance coefficient of the two sides of the blade is different, the wind pressure obtained by the side with the larger resistance coefficient is large, and the wind pressure difference causes the wind wheel to rotate.
  • the resistance type wind wheel utilizes the component of the wind that is perpendicular to the airfoil surface, the wind wheel in the right half of the wind wheel performs "positive work", and the left half of the wind wheel performs "negative work” due to the left and right sides.
  • the wind speed is the same, the difference is only the resistance coefficient of the two faces of the blade, so the work done in the left and right half cycles is a function of the cubic product of the blade drag coefficient and the blade relative wind speed.
  • the wind speed is V
  • the linear speed of the wind wheel rotation Yes u because the right half of the wind "push" the blade motion, the relative linear velocity of the blade is reduced (Vu), while the left half of the blade is the windward movement, so the relative linear velocity (V+u) is higher than the right half cycle. Therefore, when the wind blows from the left side, the torque of the left door leaf is the largest, the blade receives the largest torque, and the torque is small at other positions.
  • the resistance coefficient of the two sides of the blade is fixed, so the difference between the work done by the left and right half of the wind wheel decreases as the speed of the wind wheel increases, that is, the efficiency of the resistance type wind wheel follows the speed of the wind wheel. The increase is reduced, as opposed to the lift type wind wheel.
  • the wind turbine of a lift-type vertical-axis wind turbine uses a straight blade having a certain wing shape, and the axis of the blade is parallel to the axis of the center of rotation. These blades are generally fixed to the blade bracket rotating around the center of rotation. When a certain intensity of wind is blown on these straight blades having a certain wing shape and forming an angle with the tangent of the rotating shaft, lift and resistance are generated on these blades. When the lift is greater than the resistance, a moment of rotation about the vertical axis is generated to rotate the entire wind wheel. However, since the rotation angle of the blade and the wind direction are always changing during the rotation, the magnitude and direction of the lift and the P-ear force are constantly changing. The change, that is, the magnitude and direction of the torque generated by the blades at different positions is also constantly changing. The torque generated at some locations is positive and the torque generated at other locations is negative, which reduces the wind energy utilization of the vertical axis wind turbine.
  • the eccentric circle is used to control the rotation angle of the blade in the technical solutions proposed in the above-mentioned U.S. Patent No. 4,299,537 and the Korean Patent Application No. 10-0490683.
  • Such a method cannot not only maximize the position of the blade during the rotation of the blade.
  • the same direction torque, and the method of controlling the rotation angle of the blade at different positions by the eccentric circle the optimum blade rotation angle can be obtained only when the blade is at the azimuth angles of '90° and 270°, and the blade cannot be at other positions.
  • the best blade angle is obtained, so the efficiency of the vertical axis wind turbine at a fixed wind speed cannot be maximized.
  • the above methods are only suitable for the wind wheel with the rotating shaft in the center of the vertical axis, and the above methods are not suitable for making the diameter of the wind wheel large, thus limiting the application of large and super large vertical axis wind power generators.
  • the method of Chinese Patent Application No. 200610023892.2 can obtain the optimum blade angle of the blade at any fixed azimuth angle of the blade at a certain fixed wind speed during the rotation process, but since the wind wheel is rotating, the blade is The optimum blade angle at different azimuth angles is not only related to the position of the blade, but also related to the incoming flow velocity (that is, the wind speed), that is, the blade has the best rotation angle under the same position and different wind speed conditions. It is different.
  • the object of the present invention is to establish a vertical axis wind turbine blade angle automatic control system, thereby not only satisfying a certain fixed wind speed condition. , to control each blade to obtain the best blade rotation angle at any azimuth angle, and also to control the blade to obtain the corresponding optimal blade rotation angle at different positions when the wind speed changes greatly, thereby Maximize the utilization of wind energy in vertical environments for vertical axis wind turbines.
  • the central axis of the vertical axis wind turbine can be omitted to achieve the development goal of large-scale and super-large-scale vertical-axis wind turbines.
  • the vertical axis wind turbine of the present invention is given the following definitions: As shown in Fig. 1, the line connecting the front and rear edges of the blade is called “chord line", the string of the blade and a position on the circumference during the rotation of the blade.
  • the angle of the tangent is called the blade “corner” and is set to ⁇ . When the chord of the blade is parallel to the tangent, ⁇ is zero. When the blade rotates clockwise in the center of its rotation, ⁇ is set to positive; as shown in Figure 1, when the blade rotates counterclockwise according to its center of rotation, ⁇ is set to negative.
  • the different positions of the blade during the rotation are defined as “azimuth” and set to ⁇ .
  • the angle between the blade and the wind direction when the blade is at different positions is defined as the "angle of attack” and is set to s.
  • the automatic control system for the blade angle of the vertical axis wind turbine of the present invention comprises a generator 1, a wind wheel composed of a plurality of blades 2, a wind gauge, a central processing unit, an encoder 4, and a corner control device; wherein, the blade 2 Mounted on the blade bracket 21 to form a wind wheel, the blade rotation center is provided with a rotating shaft 22, the blade 2 is rotatable about the rotating shaft 22, and the transmission device is connected to the rotating shaft 22 and the corner control device; the central processor is based on the wind gauge and The signal transmitted by the encoder 4 sends an instruction to the corner control device, and the corner control device rotates the blade angle according to the command. At the set angle, when the wind wheel is rotating, each blade 2 obtains the set blade rotation angle at different positions.
  • the wind wheel of the present invention has the structure of a lift type wind wheel composed of a support wing and a blade having an airfoil.
  • the center of rotation of the blade is on the rotational tangential line of the wind wheel, so that the rotational force arm doubles the force arm at a midpoint of the radius.
  • the above-described corner control device is composed of a slip ring 31 and a servo motor 5.
  • the angle at which the blade is rotated in the present invention is based on the azimuth of the blade and the incoming wind speed, which is transmitted by the command line of the central processor or another collector ring.
  • the purpose of controlling the rotation of the blade in the invention is that the blade obtains the maximum lift when the blade is at different azimuth angles, and the central processor sends a command to the servo motor according to the signal transmitted by the wind gauge and the encoder, and the servo motor rotates the blade according to the instruction. Turn to the set angle.
  • the above-mentioned transmission shaft 2 and the transmission of the servo motor 5 are formed by the shaft 22 being meshed by the gear 23 and the rotating shaft 51 of the servo motor 5.
  • the above-mentioned central processor sends an instruction to the servo motor 5 based on the signals transmitted by the wind gauge and the encoder 4 to set the blade rotation angles of the blades in different wind directions and different wind speed conditions.
  • the command received by the servo motor 5 described above controls the rotation angle of the blade shaft 22, and sets the blade rotation angle of the blade in different wind directions and different wind speed conditions.
  • the command from the central processor is transmitted to the servo motor 5 through another slip ring 32 to control the corner of the blade.
  • the commands from the central processing unit are transmitted to the servo motor 5 via the wireless signal transmission device 6 to control the corners of the blades.
  • the collector ring 31 is mounted on the center of rotation of the generator, and the collector ring 31 is divided into three stages A, B, and C. Each stage is connected to the three electrodes of the servo motor 5 through the wires, and the wind wheel rotates. When the slip ring 31 is rotated, the servo motor 5 is supplied with power through the slip ring 31.
  • the above-described corner control device can also be composed of a hydraulic cylinder 81, a hydraulic pump and a push rod 82.
  • the azimuth measured by the encoder is commanded by the central processor to the hydraulic pump controlling the hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic pump controls the stroke of the hydraulic cylinder 81 according to the wind speed measured by the wind gauge and the azimuth angle of the blade, and the push rod 82 Control the corners of the blades.
  • the encoder 4 is installed at the center of rotation of the wind wheel, and the encoder 4 provides the direction of the blade to the central processor according to the wind direction signal provided by the wind gauge, and the central processor determines that the blade is set under different wind directions and different wind speed conditions. Corresponding blade corners.
  • the generator is a generator of an outer rotor, and the inner cavity of the outer rotor generator is hollow.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a blade corner of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the blade rotation angle of the present invention after the wind direction changes
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic plan view showing the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged schematic view showing the connection of the servo motor and the blade shaft structure of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the structure connection of the wireless signal transmission device, the collector ring and the encoder of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the structure connection of the collector ring and the encoder of the present invention
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of the hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic pump and the push rod of the present invention.
  • Example 1 As shown in FIG. 3, the generator of the outer rotor of the present embodiment can be mounted on three uniformly distributed columns 7 to maintain the stability of the wind power generator, and the inner cavity of the outer rotor generator can be hollow, and the central portion of the present invention is built therein. Control device such as processor, encoder 4, etc. A plurality of (6 in this embodiment) blade brackets 21 are evenly mounted on the upper and lower end faces of the outer rotor generator. That is, the present invention eliminates the central axis of the vertical-axis wind power generator, thereby realizing the enlargement and enlargement of the vertical-axis wind power generator.
  • the blade 2 is mounted on the outer rotor of the generator, and at the center of rotation of the blade 2, a rotary shaft 22 for transmitting rotational power is provided, and the rotary shaft 22 is meshed with the gear 51 of the servo motor 5 via the gear 23.
  • the wind speed and the azimuth signal of the wind direction meter and the encoder 4 can be used to set the blade rotation angle when the blades are in different positions during the rotation.
  • the initial position of the azimuth can be set to 0 degrees.
  • the central processor can issue a command to the servo motor 5 according to the signals of the wind gauge and the encoder 4.
  • the command transmits the command to the servo motor 5 through another slip ring 32 to control the corner of the blade.
  • the blade angle is changed to the desired angle set by the blade at this azimuth. That is, the relative direction of the wind wheel and the wind direction remains unchanged.
  • the collector ring 31 is mounted on the center of rotation of the generator, and the collector ring 31 is divided into eight, eight, B, and C stages, and each stage passes through the wires and the three electrodes of the servo motor 5, respectively. Connected, when the wind wheel rotates, the collector ring 3 i is rotated, and the machine is passed through the set ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 machine.
  • the encoder 4 is mounted at the center of rotation of the rotor; the encoder 4 provides the orientation of the blades to the central processor based on the wind direction signal provided by the wind gauge, and is determined by the central processor in different wind directions. Set the corresponding blade rotation angle of the blade under different wind speed conditions.
  • the blade rotation angle can be re-set according to the wind speed, so that the energy obtained by the wind wheel is reduced, so that the output power of the wind wheel can be kept constant.
  • the wind direction changes 30 degrees counterclockwise, at which point the blade angle changes immediately from -4 degrees to 8 degrees; and when the blade is at an azimuth angle of 30 degrees, the wind direction continues. Changed counterclockwise by 20 degrees, at which point the blade's corner immediately changed from 8 degrees to 12 degrees; conversely, if the blade was at 300 degrees azimuth, the wind changed 30 degrees clockwise, and the blade angle remained - 30 degrees constant, if the wind direction changes 30 degrees counterclockwise when the blade is at an azimuth angle of 300 degrees, the blade angle will change from -30 degrees to -15 degrees, and so on.
  • the automatic blade control system of the present invention can adjust the corresponding blade rotation angle to an ideal 50 degrees, 21 degrees, 12 degrees and 4 degrees. And if the automatic control system of the present invention is not used, Only by using the prior art techniques, it is impossible to obtain the best and most effective blade angle in the case of a large change in wind speed conditions.
  • the command from the central processing unit is transmitted to the servo motor 5 through the wireless signal transmission device 6 to control the corner angle of the blade.
  • Others are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • the corner control device may be composed of a hydraulic cylinder 81, a hydraulic pump (not shown), and a push rod 82.
  • the azimuth measured by the encoder is commanded by the central processor to the hydraulic pump of the control hydraulic cylinder 81, and the hydraulic pump controls the stroke of the hydraulic cylinder 81 according to the wind speed measured by the wind gauge and the azimuth angle of the blade.
  • the push rod 82 controls the corner of the blade. Others are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • the present invention not only satisfies the control of each blade at any fixed azimuth angle, but also achieves an optimum blade rotation angle at any azimuth angle, and can also satisfy the case where the wind speed changes greatly. , the blade can still be controlled to obtain the corresponding optimal blade rotation angle at different positions, thereby maximizing the utilization of wind energy of the vertical axis wind turbine in the natural environment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

A blade rotation angle autocontrol system for vertical axis wind power generator includes a generator (1), a wind wheel consisting of a plurality of blades (2),an anemoscope, a CPU, an encoder (4) and a rotation angle controlling device, wherein the wind wheel consists of blades installed at blade supports (21), a rotation shaft (22) is provided at rotation center of the blade (2), the blade (2) may rotate around the rotation shaft (22), and the rotation shaft (22) is connected with the rotation angle controlling device by a transmission device. The CPU sends commands to the rotation angle controlling device according to signals from the anemoscope and the encoder (4) and the rotation angle controlling device rotates the blade to preset angle so that each of blades obtains preset blade rotation angle at various position when the wind wheel rotates.

Description

垂直轴风力发电机叶片转角自动控制***  Vertical axis wind turbine blade angle automatic control system
技术领域 Technical field
本发明涉及垂直轴风力发电机， 尤指一种应用于垂直轴风力发电机 的叶片转角自动控制***。  The present invention relates to a vertical axis wind turbine, and more particularly to an automatic blade angle control system for a vertical axis wind turbine.
技术背景 technical background
为了更好的利用风能， 长期以来， 人们设计了多种结构形式的风力 发电装置， 依据风力发电机旋转轴在空间方向位置的不同， 划分为水平 方向的水平轴风力发电机和垂直方向的垂直轴风力发电机。  In order to make better use of wind energy, wind power generators of various structures have been designed for a long time. According to the position of the rotating shaft of the wind turbine in the spatial direction, it is divided into horizontal horizontal axis wind turbine and vertical vertical direction. Axis wind turbines.
对于垂直轴风力发电机的垂直轴风轮而言， 可分为二大类， 一类是 升力型风轮， 另一类是阻力型风轮， 请参看 1984年 2月能源出版社出 版的《风能及其利用》一书 81到 85页， 该公开出版物中详细地描述了 升力型和阻力型风轮的特征。 虽然升力型和阻力型风轮同为垂直轴风 轮， 但风驱动风轮转动的原理不仅完全不同， 其效果也大相径庭。  For the vertical axis wind turbines of vertical axis wind turbines, they can be divided into two categories, one is the lift type wind wheel, and the other type is the resistance type wind wheel. Please refer to the "February 1984" published by the Energy Press. Wind Energy and Its Utilization, pp. 81-85, the features of the lift and drag type wind wheels are described in detail in this publication. Although the lift type and the resistance type wind wheel are both vertical axis wind turbines, the principle of the wind driven wind wheel rotation is not only completely different, but the effect is also very different.
所谓升力型是当凤吹在叶片表面， 由于叶片形状和叶片安装角的缘 故， 叶片外表面和内表面的风速是不同的， 这样就在叶片的外表面和内 表面形成了风速差， 从流体力学可以知道， 当内、 外表面流体速度不一 致时， 在二个表面之间形成了压力差， 也就是升力， 当叶片在不同位置 选择一定的叶片安装角 （攻角）时, 这个压力差（升力克服阻力）就将 产生绕风轮回转中心的驱动力矩， 使风轮旋转， 但当风轮转动后由于翼 型形状的原因， 叶片同时将产生一定的阻力， 风轮转速越高阻力越大， 直到升力和阻力平衡。 因此升力型风轮的效率取决于风轮设计参数（翼 型、 叶片安装角等参数）。  The so-called lift type is when the phoenix blows on the surface of the blade. Due to the shape of the blade and the installation angle of the blade, the wind speeds of the outer surface and the inner surface of the blade are different, thus forming a wind speed difference on the outer and inner surfaces of the blade. Mechanics can know that when the fluid velocity on the inner and outer surfaces is inconsistent, a pressure difference is formed between the two surfaces, that is, lift. When the blade selects a certain blade installation angle (angle of attack) at different positions, this pressure difference ( If the lift overcomes the resistance, the driving torque around the center of rotation of the wind wheel will be generated to make the wind wheel rotate. However, when the wind wheel rotates, the blade will generate a certain resistance due to the shape of the airfoil. The higher the speed of the wind wheel, the greater the resistance. Until the balance of lift and resistance. Therefore, the efficiency of the lift type wind turbine depends on the design parameters of the wind wheel (airfoil, blade mounting angle, etc.).
但阻力型垂直轴风轮却与升力型风轮有本质的差异， 由于叶片形状 与升力型风轮不同， 简单的说阻力型风轮的叶片可以是一块门板， 叶 片二面的阻力系数不同， 阻力系数较大的一面获得的风压较大， 风压差 使风轮旋转。 但由于阻力型风轮利用风的作用力中与翼面垂直的分量， 因此在风轮的右半周风轮做 "正功"，风轮的左半周做"负功"， 由于左、 右半边的风速是相同的， 差异仅仅是叶片二个面的阻力系数， 因此左、 右半周做的功是叶片阻力系数和叶片相对风速的立方乘积的函数， 如果 风速是 V， 风轮旋转的线速度是 u, 由于右半周风 "推动 "叶片运动， 使叶片的相对线速度降低（V-u)， 而左半周由于叶片是迎风运动， 因此 相对线速度 (V+u)高于右半周。 因此当风从左边吹来时， 是左边门叶的 力矩最大， 叶片所受到的力矩最大， 在其它位置力矩都较小。一旦选定 了叶片， 叶片二面的阻力系数就固定， 因此风轮左、 右半周所做功的差 值随着风轮转速的增加而下降， 即阻力型风轮的效率随着风轮转速的增 加而降低， 与升力型风轮相反。 However, the resistance type vertical axis wind wheel is essentially different from the lift type wind wheel due to the blade shape. Different from the lift type wind wheel, it is simple to say that the blade of the resistance type wind wheel can be a door plate, the resistance coefficient of the two sides of the blade is different, the wind pressure obtained by the side with the larger resistance coefficient is large, and the wind pressure difference causes the wind wheel to rotate. However, since the resistance type wind wheel utilizes the component of the wind that is perpendicular to the airfoil surface, the wind wheel in the right half of the wind wheel performs "positive work", and the left half of the wind wheel performs "negative work" due to the left and right sides. The wind speed is the same, the difference is only the resistance coefficient of the two faces of the blade, so the work done in the left and right half cycles is a function of the cubic product of the blade drag coefficient and the blade relative wind speed. If the wind speed is V, the linear speed of the wind wheel rotation Yes u, because the right half of the wind "push" the blade motion, the relative linear velocity of the blade is reduced (Vu), while the left half of the blade is the windward movement, so the relative linear velocity (V+u) is higher than the right half cycle. Therefore, when the wind blows from the left side, the torque of the left door leaf is the largest, the blade receives the largest torque, and the torque is small at other positions. Once the blade is selected, the resistance coefficient of the two sides of the blade is fixed, so the difference between the work done by the left and right half of the wind wheel decreases as the speed of the wind wheel increases, that is, the efficiency of the resistance type wind wheel follows the speed of the wind wheel. The increase is reduced, as opposed to the lift type wind wheel.
升力型垂直轴风力发电机的风轮采用具有一定翼形的直叶片， 叶片 的轴线和回转中心的轴线平行， 这些叶片一般被固定在绕回转中心旋转 的叶片支架上。 当一定强度的风吹在这些具有一定翼形， 并和旋转轴的 切线形成一定角度的直叶片上时， 就在这些叶片上产生了升力和阻力。 当升力大于阻力时， 就产生了绕垂直轴转动的力矩使整个风轮转动， 但 由于叶片在转动过程中与风向的转角始终都在变化， 因此升力和 P耳力的 大小、 方向也都在不断的变化， 即叶片在不同位置时产生力矩的大小和 方向也是不断变化的。 在一些位置产生的力矩为正、而在另一些位置产 生的力矩为负， 这就降低了垂直轴风力发电机的风能利用率。  The wind turbine of a lift-type vertical-axis wind turbine uses a straight blade having a certain wing shape, and the axis of the blade is parallel to the axis of the center of rotation. These blades are generally fixed to the blade bracket rotating around the center of rotation. When a certain intensity of wind is blown on these straight blades having a certain wing shape and forming an angle with the tangent of the rotating shaft, lift and resistance are generated on these blades. When the lift is greater than the resistance, a moment of rotation about the vertical axis is generated to rotate the entire wind wheel. However, since the rotation angle of the blade and the wind direction are always changing during the rotation, the magnitude and direction of the lift and the P-ear force are constantly changing. The change, that is, the magnitude and direction of the torque generated by the blades at different positions is also constantly changing. The torque generated at some locations is positive and the torque generated at other locations is negative, which reduces the wind energy utilization of the vertical axis wind turbine.
对此， 人们设计了各种不同的方法， 通过改变叶片在不同位置时叶 片与风向的夹角， 即通过改变叶片的"攻角"， 使叶片在不同位置时叶 片产生的力矩方向保持一致， 以期提高垂直轴风力发电机的风能利用 率。例如，中国专利申请号 200610023892.2，美国专利申请号第 4,299,537 和韩国专利申请号 10-0490683分别提出了不同的装置，使风轮在旋转过 程中， 通过叶片在不同位置时与风向转角的变化， 提高风能利用率。 In this regard, people have designed a variety of different methods by changing the leaves at different positions. The angle between the piece and the wind direction, that is, by changing the "angle of attack" of the blade, keeps the direction of the torque generated by the blade at different positions, in order to improve the utilization of wind energy of the vertical axis wind turbine. For example, Chinese Patent Application No. 200610023892.2, U.S. Patent Application No. 4,299,537, and Korean Patent Application No. 10-0490683, respectively, propose different devices for increasing the variation of the wind direction angle of the wind turbine during different rotations of the wind turbine during the rotation process. Wind energy utilization.
但无论采取上述或已有的其它改变叶片转角的方法， 都分别存在下 述的缺陷。  However, regardless of the above or other methods of changing the blade angle, the following drawbacks exist.
上述美国专利申请号第 4,299,537和韩国专利申请号 10-0490683所 提出的技术方案中都采用偏心圆来控制叶片的转角，此类方法不仅无法 最大限度的提高风轮在旋转过程中叶片处于不同位置时的同向力矩， 且 以偏心圆来控制叶片在不同位置时的转角的方法， 仅在叶片处于方位角' 90° 和 270° 位置时才可获得最佳叶片转角， 在其他位置叶片都不能获 得最佳的叶片转角， 因此无法最大限度提高在某一固定风速下垂直轴风 力发电机的效率。而且采取上述方法都只适合垂直轴中心设有旋转轴的 风轮， 并且上述方法都不适宜将风轮直径做的很大， 如此便限制了大型 和超大型垂直轴风力发电机的应用。  The eccentric circle is used to control the rotation angle of the blade in the technical solutions proposed in the above-mentioned U.S. Patent No. 4,299,537 and the Korean Patent Application No. 10-0490683. Such a method cannot not only maximize the position of the blade during the rotation of the blade. The same direction torque, and the method of controlling the rotation angle of the blade at different positions by the eccentric circle, the optimum blade rotation angle can be obtained only when the blade is at the azimuth angles of '90° and 270°, and the blade cannot be at other positions. The best blade angle is obtained, so the efficiency of the vertical axis wind turbine at a fixed wind speed cannot be maximized. Moreover, the above methods are only suitable for the wind wheel with the rotating shaft in the center of the vertical axis, and the above methods are not suitable for making the diameter of the wind wheel large, thus limiting the application of large and super large vertical axis wind power generators.
中国专利申请号 200610023892.2的方法虽可使风轮在转动过程中， 叶片在某一固定风速时叶片在风轮任一方位角都获得最佳叶片转角， 但 由于风轮在转动过程中， 叶片在不同方位角时的最佳叶片转角不仅与叶 片所处的位置有关， 而且还和来流速度（也就是风速）有关， 即叶片在 相同的位置、 不同的风速条件下， 叶片具有的最佳转角是不同的。  The method of Chinese Patent Application No. 200610023892.2 can obtain the optimum blade angle of the blade at any fixed azimuth angle of the blade at a certain fixed wind speed during the rotation process, but since the wind wheel is rotating, the blade is The optimum blade angle at different azimuth angles is not only related to the position of the blade, but also related to the incoming flow velocity (that is, the wind speed), that is, the blade has the best rotation angle under the same position and different wind speed conditions. It is different.
综上， 采用上述方法都不能使在风速条件发生较大变化的情况下获 得最佳的叶片转角。 发明内容 In summary, the above methods are not able to obtain the optimum blade angle in the case of a large change in wind speed conditions. Summary of the invention
针对上述现有垂直轴风力发电机叶片转角控制方式上所存在的技 术问题， 本发明的目的是， 建立一种垂直轴风力发电机叶片转角自动控 制***， 从而不仅满足在某一固定风速情况下， 控制每个叶片在任一方 位角时都能获得最佳的叶片转角， 而且还能满足在风速发生较大变化的 情况下， 仍可控制叶片在不同位置都获得相应最佳的叶片转角， 从而最 大限度地提高垂直轴风力发电机在自然环境下的风能利用率。此外， 为 实现垂直轴风力发电机的大型化和超大型化方向的发展目标， 还可省去 垂直轴风力发电机的中心轴。  In view of the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned conventional vertical axis wind turbine blade rotation angle control mode, the object of the present invention is to establish a vertical axis wind turbine blade angle automatic control system, thereby not only satisfying a certain fixed wind speed condition. , to control each blade to obtain the best blade rotation angle at any azimuth angle, and also to control the blade to obtain the corresponding optimal blade rotation angle at different positions when the wind speed changes greatly, thereby Maximize the utilization of wind energy in vertical environments for vertical axis wind turbines. In addition, the central axis of the vertical axis wind turbine can be omitted to achieve the development goal of large-scale and super-large-scale vertical-axis wind turbines.
首先， 对本发明垂直轴风力发电机给出如下定义： 如图 1所示， 叶 片前、 后缘的连线被称为 "弦线"， 叶片的弦线与叶片旋转过程中圆周 上某一位置的切线夹角称为叶片 "转角"， 并设为 α。 当叶片的弦线与 切线平行时 α为零度， 当叶片按其回转中心顺时针方向旋转时， α设为 正； 如图 1所示， 当叶片按其回转中心逆时针方向旋转时 α设为负。 叶 片在旋转过程中所处的不同位置定义为 "方位角"， 并设为 Ρ。 叶片在 不同位置时叶片与风向的夹角， 定义为 "攻角"， 并设为 s。  First, the vertical axis wind turbine of the present invention is given the following definitions: As shown in Fig. 1, the line connecting the front and rear edges of the blade is called "chord line", the string of the blade and a position on the circumference during the rotation of the blade. The angle of the tangent is called the blade "corner" and is set to α. When the chord of the blade is parallel to the tangent, α is zero. When the blade rotates clockwise in the center of its rotation, α is set to positive; as shown in Figure 1, when the blade rotates counterclockwise according to its center of rotation, α is set to negative. The different positions of the blade during the rotation are defined as "azimuth" and set to Ρ. The angle between the blade and the wind direction when the blade is at different positions is defined as the "angle of attack" and is set to s.
本发明具体的技术方案如下：  The specific technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
本发明垂直轴风力发电机叶片转角自动控制***， 包括发电机 1、 复数个叶片 2组成的风轮、 测风仪、 中央处理器、 编码器 4、 转角控制 装置； 其中， 所述的叶片 2安装于叶片支架 21上组成风轮， 叶片回转 中心设有转轴 22， 叶片 2可绕该转轴 22转动， 以传动装置连接该转轴 22与转角控制装置；所述的中央处理器根据测风仪和编码器 4传输的信 号向转角控制装置发出指令，转角控制装置根据该指令将叶片转角转动 到设定的角度， 使风轮在旋转时， 各叶片 2在不同位置均获得所设定 的叶片转角。 The automatic control system for the blade angle of the vertical axis wind turbine of the present invention comprises a generator 1, a wind wheel composed of a plurality of blades 2, a wind gauge, a central processing unit, an encoder 4, and a corner control device; wherein, the blade 2 Mounted on the blade bracket 21 to form a wind wheel, the blade rotation center is provided with a rotating shaft 22, the blade 2 is rotatable about the rotating shaft 22, and the transmission device is connected to the rotating shaft 22 and the corner control device; the central processor is based on the wind gauge and The signal transmitted by the encoder 4 sends an instruction to the corner control device, and the corner control device rotates the blade angle according to the command. At the set angle, when the wind wheel is rotating, each blade 2 obtains the set blade rotation angle at different positions.
本发明风轮由支持翼和具有翼型的叶片组成的升力型风轮的结构， 叶片回转中心在风轮旋转切线上， 使得转动力臂比在半径中点位置时力 臂增加一倍。  The wind wheel of the present invention has the structure of a lift type wind wheel composed of a support wing and a blade having an airfoil. The center of rotation of the blade is on the rotational tangential line of the wind wheel, so that the rotational force arm doubles the force arm at a midpoint of the radius.
上述转角控制装置由集电环 31、 伺服电机 5组成。  The above-described corner control device is composed of a slip ring 31 and a servo motor 5.
本发明中控制叶片转动角度的依据是叶片的方位和来流风速， 是由 中央处理器的指令通过 线或另外一个集电环传输。  The angle at which the blade is rotated in the present invention is based on the azimuth of the blade and the incoming wind speed, which is transmitted by the command line of the central processor or another collector ring.
本发明中控制叶片转动的目的是叶片在不同方位角时使叶片获得 最大升力， 是由中央处理器根据测风仪和编码器传输的信号向伺服电机 发出指令， 伺服电机根据该指令将叶片转角转动到设定的角度。  The purpose of controlling the rotation of the blade in the invention is that the blade obtains the maximum lift when the blade is at different azimuth angles, and the central processor sends a command to the servo motor according to the signal transmitted by the wind gauge and the encoder, and the servo motor rotates the blade according to the instruction. Turn to the set angle.
上述连接转轴 2 与伺服电机 5的传动装置是以转轴 22通过齿轮 23 和伺服电机 5的转轴 51啮合而成的。  The above-mentioned transmission shaft 2 and the transmission of the servo motor 5 are formed by the shaft 22 being meshed by the gear 23 and the rotating shaft 51 of the servo motor 5.
上述中央处理器根据测风仪和编码器 4传输的信号向伺服电机 5发 出的指令是在不同风向、 不同风速条件下设定叶片相应的叶片转角。  The above-mentioned central processor sends an instruction to the servo motor 5 based on the signals transmitted by the wind gauge and the encoder 4 to set the blade rotation angles of the blades in different wind directions and different wind speed conditions.
上述伺服电机 5接收到的指令是控制叶片转轴 22的旋转角度， 是 在不同风向、 不同风速条件下设定叶片相应的叶片转角。  The command received by the servo motor 5 described above controls the rotation angle of the blade shaft 22, and sets the blade rotation angle of the blade in different wind directions and different wind speed conditions.
上述中央处理器发出的指令是通过另一个集电环 32将指令传输至 伺服电机 5， 以控制叶片的转角。  The command from the central processor is transmitted to the servo motor 5 through another slip ring 32 to control the corner of the blade.
上述中央处理器发出的指令是通过无线信号传输装置 6传输至伺服 电机 5， 以控制叶片的转角。  The commands from the central processing unit are transmitted to the servo motor 5 via the wireless signal transmission device 6 to control the corners of the blades.
上述集电环 31安装在发电机的回转中心上， 集电环 31分 A、 B、 C 三级， 每一级通过导线分别和伺服电机 5的三个电极相接， 当风轮转动 时带动集电环 31转动， 通过集电环 31向伺服电机 5供电。 The collector ring 31 is mounted on the center of rotation of the generator, and the collector ring 31 is divided into three stages A, B, and C. Each stage is connected to the three electrodes of the servo motor 5 through the wires, and the wind wheel rotates. When the slip ring 31 is rotated, the servo motor 5 is supplied with power through the slip ring 31.
上述转角控制装置也可由液压缸 81、 液压泵和推杆 82组成。 经编码器测得的方位角，通过中央处理器向控制液压缸的液压泵发 出指令， 液压泵根据测风仪测得的风速和叶片所处方位角， 控制液压缸 81的行程， 推杆 82控制叶片的转角。  The above-described corner control device can also be composed of a hydraulic cylinder 81, a hydraulic pump and a push rod 82. The azimuth measured by the encoder is commanded by the central processor to the hydraulic pump controlling the hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic pump controls the stroke of the hydraulic cylinder 81 according to the wind speed measured by the wind gauge and the azimuth angle of the blade, and the push rod 82 Control the corners of the blades.
上述编码器 4安装在风轮的回转中心处， 编码器 4根据测风仪提供 的风向信号， 向中央处理器提供叶片的方位， 由中央处理器确定在不同 风向、 不同风速条件下设定叶片相应的叶片转角。  The encoder 4 is installed at the center of rotation of the wind wheel, and the encoder 4 provides the direction of the blade to the central processor according to the wind direction signal provided by the wind gauge, and the central processor determines that the blade is set under different wind directions and different wind speed conditions. Corresponding blade corners.
上述发电机为外转子的发电机， 外转子发电机的内腔为空心。 本发明将在下面结合附图及具体实施方式进行描述。  The generator is a generator of an outer rotor, and the inner cavity of the outer rotor generator is hollow. The invention will be described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
附图说明 DRAWINGS
图 1是本发明叶片转角示意图；  Figure 1 is a schematic view of a blade corner of the present invention;
图 2是本发明在风向发生变化后叶片转角示意图；  Figure 2 is a schematic view of the blade rotation angle of the present invention after the wind direction changes;
图 3是本发明结构示意图； 一  Figure 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention;
图 4是俯视本发明的结构示意图；  Figure 4 is a schematic plan view showing the present invention;
图 5是本发明伺服电机、 叶片转轴结构连接局部放大示意图； 图 6是本发明无线信号传输装置、 集电环、编码器结构连接示意图； 图 7是本发明集电环、 编码器结构连接示意图；  5 is a partially enlarged schematic view showing the connection of the servo motor and the blade shaft structure of the present invention; FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the structure connection of the wireless signal transmission device, the collector ring and the encoder of the present invention; FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the structure connection of the collector ring and the encoder of the present invention; ;
图 8 是本发明液压缸、 液压泵和推杆结构示意图。  Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of the hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic pump and the push rod of the present invention.
具体实施方式 detailed description
通过下面给出的本发明的具体实施例可以迸—步清楚地了解本发 明， 但它们不是对本发明的限定。  The invention may be clearly understood by the following specific examples of the invention which are set forth below, but they are not intended to limit the invention.
实施例 1： 如图 3所示， 本实施例以外转子的发电机可安装在三个均匀分布 的立柱 7上，以保持风力发电机的稳定，外转子发电机的内腔可为空心， 内置本发明的中央处理器、 编码器 4等控制装置。 将复数个（本实施例 选用 6个）叶片支架 21均匀安装在外转子发电机的上、 下二个端面上。 即， 本发明省去了垂直轴风力发电机的中心轴， 从而实现了垂直轴风力 发电机的大型化和超大型化。 Example 1: As shown in FIG. 3, the generator of the outer rotor of the present embodiment can be mounted on three uniformly distributed columns 7 to maintain the stability of the wind power generator, and the inner cavity of the outer rotor generator can be hollow, and the central portion of the present invention is built therein. Control device such as processor, encoder 4, etc. A plurality of (6 in this embodiment) blade brackets 21 are evenly mounted on the upper and lower end faces of the outer rotor generator. That is, the present invention eliminates the central axis of the vertical-axis wind power generator, thereby realizing the enlargement and enlargement of the vertical-axis wind power generator.
如图 5所示， 将叶片 2安装在发电机的外转子上， 在叶片 2的回转 中心位置，设置一可传递旋转动力的转轴 22，转轴 22通过齿轮 23与伺 服电机 5的齿轮 51啮合。  As shown in Fig. 5, the blade 2 is mounted on the outer rotor of the generator, and at the center of rotation of the blade 2, a rotary shaft 22 for transmitting rotational power is provided, and the rotary shaft 22 is meshed with the gear 51 of the servo motor 5 via the gear 23.
如图 1所示， 在风速、 风向没有变化时， 可由风向仪和编码器 4的 风速、 方位信号， 设定叶片在转动过程中不同位置时的叶片转角。 方位 角的初始位置可设置为 0度。  As shown in Fig. 1, when the wind speed and the wind direction are not changed, the wind speed and the azimuth signal of the wind direction meter and the encoder 4 can be used to set the blade rotation angle when the blades are in different positions during the rotation. The initial position of the azimuth can be set to 0 degrees.
当某一固定风速的风吹在叶片上时， 在叶片上产生升力和阻力， 产 生了绕回转中心旋转的力矩使风轮转动， 当风速发生变化后， 叶片能够 根据测风仪的风速、 风向信号和编码器的方位信号， 重新设定风轮在转 动过程中， 叶片在不同位置时的叶片转角。  When a certain wind speed wind blows on the blade, lift and resistance are generated on the blade, and a torque rotating around the center of the rotation is generated to rotate the wind wheel. When the wind speed changes, the blade can be based on the wind speed and wind direction of the wind gauge. The azimuth signal of the signal and the encoder resets the blade angle of the blade when it is in different positions during the rotation.
如图 2所示， 在额定风速内风向发生变化后， 相当于方位角发生了 变化， 中央处理器可以根据测风仪和编码器 4.的信号向伺服电机 5发出 指令， 如图 7所示， 该指令是通过另一个集电环 32将指令传输至伺服 电机 5， 以控制叶片的转角。 使叶片转角改变至该叶片在此方位角时所 设定的理想角度。 即， 风轮与风向的相对方向始终保持不变。  As shown in Fig. 2, after the wind direction changes within the rated wind speed, the azimuth angle changes, and the central processor can issue a command to the servo motor 5 according to the signals of the wind gauge and the encoder 4. The command transmits the command to the servo motor 5 through another slip ring 32 to control the corner of the blade. The blade angle is changed to the desired angle set by the blade at this azimuth. That is, the relative direction of the wind wheel and the wind direction remains unchanged.
如图 6、 7所示， 上述集电环 31安装在发电机的回转中心上， 集电 环 31分八、 B、 C三级， 每一级通过导线分别和伺服电机 5的三个电极 相接， 当风轮转动时带动集电环 3 i转动， 通过集^ 徇臌 ¾机As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the collector ring 31 is mounted on the center of rotation of the generator, and the collector ring 31 is divided into eight, eight, B, and C stages, and each stage passes through the wires and the three electrodes of the servo motor 5, respectively. Connected, when the wind wheel rotates, the collector ring 3 i is rotated, and the machine is passed through the set ^3⁄4 machine.
5供电。 5 power supply.
如图 6、 7所示， 上述编码器 4安装在风轮的回转中心处；编码器 4 根据测风仪提供的风向信号， 向中央处理器提供叶片的方位， 由中央处 理器确定在不同风向、 不同风速条件下设定叶片相应的叶片转角。  As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the encoder 4 is mounted at the center of rotation of the rotor; the encoder 4 provides the orientation of the blades to the central processor based on the wind direction signal provided by the wind gauge, and is determined by the central processor in different wind directions. Set the corresponding blade rotation angle of the blade under different wind speed conditions.
当风速超过额定风速后， 为了保持恒定的功率输出， 需降低风轮的 输出功率， 即， 降低每个叶片的输出力矩。 此时可根据风速的大小重新 设定叶片转角， 使风轮获得的能量减少， 这样即可保持风轮的输出功率 恒定。  When the wind speed exceeds the rated wind speed, in order to maintain a constant power output, it is necessary to reduce the output power of the wind turbine, that is, to reduce the output torque of each blade. At this time, the blade rotation angle can be re-set according to the wind speed, so that the energy obtained by the wind wheel is reduced, so that the output power of the wind wheel can be kept constant.
例如， 当叶片在方位角 0度时， 风向朝逆时针方向发生了 30度的 改变， 此时 叶片的转角马上由 -4度改变到 8度； 而当叶片在方位角 30 度时， 风向继续朝逆时针方向改变了 20度， 此时叶片的转角马上由 8 度改变到 12度； 反之， 如果叶片在方位角 300度时， 风朝顺时针方向 发生了 30度的改变， 叶片转角保持 -30度不变， 如果叶片在方位角 300 度时风向朝逆时针方向发生 30度的变化，叶片转角马上由 -30度改变到 -15度， 以此类推， 周而复始。  For example, when the blade is at an azimuth angle of 0 degrees, the wind direction changes 30 degrees counterclockwise, at which point the blade angle changes immediately from -4 degrees to 8 degrees; and when the blade is at an azimuth angle of 30 degrees, the wind direction continues. Changed counterclockwise by 20 degrees, at which point the blade's corner immediately changed from 8 degrees to 12 degrees; conversely, if the blade was at 300 degrees azimuth, the wind changed 30 degrees clockwise, and the blade angle remained - 30 degrees constant, if the wind direction changes 30 degrees counterclockwise when the blade is at an azimuth angle of 300 degrees, the blade angle will change from -30 degrees to -15 degrees, and so on.
当风速在超过了预先设定的额定风速、 达到某一风速后， 叶片再次 重新设定新的转角。  When the wind speed exceeds the preset rated wind speed and reaches a certain wind speed, the blade resets the new corner again.
当风速在超过了预先设定的额定风速、风向并且发生改变后， 叶片 再次重新设定新的转角。  When the wind speed exceeds the preset rated wind speed, wind direction and changes, the blade re-sets the new corner.
以方位角在 60度时为例， 当风速分别在 2米、 8米、 12米、 20米 时， 采用本发明的自动控制***， 可将对应的叶片转角分别调整至较为 理想的 50度、 21度、 12度和 4度。而若不釆用本发明的自动控制***， 仅采用现有技术的技术手段， 是无法达到在风速条件发生较大变化的 情况下获得最佳、 最有效的叶片转角的。 Taking the azimuth angle at 60 degrees as an example, when the wind speed is 2 meters, 8 meters, 12 meters, 20 meters respectively, the automatic blade control system of the present invention can adjust the corresponding blade rotation angle to an ideal 50 degrees, 21 degrees, 12 degrees and 4 degrees. And if the automatic control system of the present invention is not used, Only by using the prior art techniques, it is impossible to obtain the best and most effective blade angle in the case of a large change in wind speed conditions.
实施例 2: Example 2:
如图 6所示， 中央处理器发出的指令是通过无线信号传输装置 6传 输至伺服电机 5， 以控制叶片的转角。 其它与实施例 1相同。  As shown in Fig. 6, the command from the central processing unit is transmitted to the servo motor 5 through the wireless signal transmission device 6 to control the corner angle of the blade. Others are the same as in the first embodiment.
实施例 3 Example 3
如图 8所示， 转角控制装置可由液压缸 81、液压泵（图中未示）和 推杆 82组成。  As shown in Fig. 8, the corner control device may be composed of a hydraulic cylinder 81, a hydraulic pump (not shown), and a push rod 82.
所述经编码器测得的方位角， 通过中央处理器向控制液压缸 81 的 液压泵发出指令， 液压泵根据测风仪测得的风速和叶片所处方位角， 控 制液压缸 81的行程， 推杆 82控制叶片的转角。 其它与实施例 1相同。  The azimuth measured by the encoder is commanded by the central processor to the hydraulic pump of the control hydraulic cylinder 81, and the hydraulic pump controls the stroke of the hydraulic cylinder 81 according to the wind speed measured by the wind gauge and the azimuth angle of the blade. The push rod 82 controls the corner of the blade. Others are the same as in the first embodiment.
由上述实施例可表明， 本发明不仅满足在某一固定风速情况下， 控 制每个叶片在任一方位角时都能获得最佳的叶片转角， 而且还能满足在 风速发生较大变化的情况下， 仍可控制叶片在不同位置都获得相应最佳 的叶片转角， 从而最大限度地提高垂直轴风力发电机在自然环境下的风 能利用率。  It can be shown from the above embodiment that the present invention not only satisfies the control of each blade at any fixed azimuth angle, but also achieves an optimum blade rotation angle at any azimuth angle, and can also satisfy the case where the wind speed changes greatly. , the blade can still be controlled to obtain the corresponding optimal blade rotation angle at different positions, thereby maximizing the utilization of wind energy of the vertical axis wind turbine in the natural environment.
尽管对本发明已经作了详细的说明并引证了一些具体实施例，但对 本领域熟练技术人员来说， 只要不离开本发明.人的设计思路和范围也可 作各种变化和修正是显然的。  Although the present invention has been described in detail and shown in the drawings, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the invention.

Claims

权 利 要 求 Rights request
1、 一种垂直轴风力发电机叶片转角自动控制***， 其特征在于， 包括发电机、 复数个叶片组成的风轮、 测风仪、 中央处理器、 编码器、 转角控制装置； 其中， 所述的叶片安装于叶片支架上组成风轮， 叶片 回转中心设有转轴， 叶片可绕该转轴转动， 以传动装置连接该转轴与 转角控制装置； 所述的中央处理器根据测风仪和编码器传输的信号向 转角控制装置发出指令， 转角控制装置根据该指令将叶片转角转动到 设定的角度， 使风轮在旋转时， 各叶片在不同位置均获得所设定的叶 片转角。  A vertical axis wind turbine blade angle automatic control system, comprising: a generator, a plurality of blades, a wind wheel, a wind gauge, a central processing unit, an encoder, and a corner control device; wherein The blade is mounted on the blade bracket to form a wind wheel, and the blade rotation center is provided with a rotating shaft, and the blade is rotatable around the rotating shaft, and the transmission device is connected to the rotating shaft and the corner control device; the central processor transmits according to the wind gauge and the encoder The signal sends a command to the corner control device, and the corner control device rotates the blade angle to a set angle according to the command, so that when the wind wheel rotates, each blade obtains the set blade rotation angle at different positions.
2根据权利要求 1所述的垂直轴风力发电机叶片转角自动控制系 统， 其特征在于， 所述述转角控制装置由集电环、 伺服电机组成， 2 . The vertical axis wind turbine blade angle automatic control system according to claim 1 , wherein the rotation angle control device is composed of a collector ring and a servo motor.
3、根据权利要求 2所述的垂直轴风力发电机叶片转角自动控制系 统， 其特征在于， 所述连接转轴与伺服电机的传动装置是以转轴通过 齿轮和伺服电机的转轴啮合而成的。 The vertical axis wind turbine blade angle automatic control system according to claim 2, wherein the transmission shaft and the servo motor transmission device are formed by the shaft being meshed by the rotating shaft of the gear and the servo motor.
4、根据权利要求 2所述的垂直轴风力发电机叶片转角自动控制系 统， 其特征在于， 所述中央处理器根据测风仪和编码器传输的信号向 伺服电机发出的指令是在不同风向、 不同风速条件下设定叶片相应的 叶片转角。  The vertical axis wind turbine blade angle automatic control system according to claim 2, wherein the central processor sends instructions to the servo motor according to signals transmitted by the wind gauge and the encoder in different wind directions, The blade rotation angle of the blade is set under different wind speed conditions.
5、根据权利要求 1所述的垂直轴风力发电机叶片转角自动控制系 统， 其特征在于， 所述伺服电机接收到的指令是控制叶片转轴的旋转 角度， 是在不同风向、 不同风速条件下设定叶片相应的叶片转角。  The vertical axis wind turbine blade angle automatic control system according to claim 1, wherein the servo motor receives an instruction to control a rotation angle of the blade rotation axis, which is set under different wind directions and different wind speed conditions. Determine the corresponding blade angle of the blade.
6、根据权利要求 1所述的垂直轴风力发电机叶片转角自动控制系 统，其特征在于，所述中央处理器发出的指令是通过另一个集电环将 指令传输至伺服电机， 以控制叶片的转角。 6. The automatic control system for blade angle of a vertical axis wind turbine according to claim 1. The system is characterized in that the command sent by the central processing unit transmits the command to the servo motor through another slip ring to control the rotation angle of the blade.
7、根据权利要求 1所述的垂直轴风力发电机叶片转角自动控制系 统， 其特征在于， 所述中央处理器发出的指令是通过无线信号传输装 置传输至伺服电机， 以控制叶片的转角。  The vertical axis wind turbine blade angle automatic control system according to claim 1, wherein the command from the central processor is transmitted to the servo motor through the wireless signal transmission device to control the rotation angle of the blade.
8、根据权利要求 1所述的垂直轴风力发电机叶片转角自动控制系 统， 其特征在于， 所述集电环安装在发电机的回转中心上， 集电环分 A、 B, C三级， 每一级通过导线分别和伺服电机的三个电极相接， 当 风轮转动时带动集电环转动， 通过集电环向伺服电机供电。  8. The vertical axis wind turbine blade angle automatic control system according to claim 1, wherein the collector ring is mounted on a rotating center of the generator, and the power collecting ring is divided into three levels: A, B, and C. Each stage is connected to the three electrodes of the servo motor through wires, and the collector ring is rotated when the wind wheel rotates, and the servo motor is supplied with power through the collector ring.
9、根据权利要求 1所述的垂直轴风力发电机叶片转角自动控制系 统， 其特征在于， 所述编码器安装在风轮的回转中心处， 编码器根据 测风仪提供的风向信号， 向中央处理器提供叶片的方位， 由中央处理 器确定在不同风向、 不同风速条件下设定叶片相应的叶片转角。  9. The vertical axis wind turbine blade angle automatic control system according to claim 1, wherein the encoder is installed at a center of rotation of the wind wheel, and the encoder is directed to the center according to a wind direction signal provided by the wind gauge. The processor provides the orientation of the blades, and the central processor determines that the blade rotation angles of the blades are set under different wind directions and different wind speed conditions.
10、 根据权利要求 1所述的垂直轴风力发电机叶片转角自动控制 ***， 其特征在于， 所述发电机为外转子的发电机， 外转子发电机的 内腔为空心。  10. The vertical axis wind turbine blade angle automatic control system according to claim 1, wherein the generator is a generator of an outer rotor, and an inner cavity of the outer rotor generator is hollow.
11、 根据权利要求 1所述的垂直轴风力发电机叶片转角自动控制 ***， 其特征在于， 所述转角控制装置可由液压缸、 液压泵和推杆组 成。  11. The vertical axis wind turbine blade angle automatic control system according to claim 1, wherein the rotation angle control device is composed of a hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic pump, and a push rod.
12、根据权利要求 11所述的垂直轴风力发电机叶片转角自动控制 ***， 其特征在于， 所述经编码器测得的方位角， 通过中央处理器向 控制液压缸的液压泵发出指令， 液压泵根据测风仪测得的风速和叶片 所处方位角， 控制液压缸的行程， 推杆控制叶片的转角。 12 . The vertical axis wind turbine blade angle automatic control system according to claim 11 , wherein the azimuth measured by the encoder is sent to a hydraulic pump that controls the hydraulic cylinder by a central processing unit, and the hydraulic pressure is The wind speed and the blade measured by the wind gauge The azimuth is controlled to control the stroke of the hydraulic cylinder, and the push rod controls the rotation angle of the blade.
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