WO2007139318A2

WO2007139318A2 - Generic electromagnetically-countered systems and methods

Info

Publication number: WO2007139318A2
Application number: PCT/KR2007/002549
Authority: WO
Inventors: Youngtack Shim
Original assignee: Youngtack Shim
Priority date: 2006-05-25
Filing date: 2007-05-25
Publication date: 2007-12-06
Also published as: KR20090031515A; CN102413672A; JP5124567B2; JP2012231151A; EP2020167A2; JP2009538524A; CN102413672B; EP2020167A4; KR101178462B1

Description

Description GENERIC ELECTROMAGNETICALLY-COUNTERED

SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Technical Field

[1] The present invention relates to anelectromagnetically-countered system including at least one wave sourceirradiating harmful electromagnetic waves and at least one counter unitemitting counter electromagnetic waves for countering the harmful waves by suchcounter waves. More particularly, the present invention relates to gener- iccounter units of electromagnetically-countered systems and to variousmechanisms for countering the harmful waves by the counter units such as,e.g., by matching configurations of the counter units with those of thewave sources, matching shapes of such counter waves with shapes of the harmfulwaves, and the like. The present invention also relates to various methods ofcountering the harmful waves with the counter waves by such source matching orwave matching and various methods of providing the counter units as well ascounter waves. The present invention further relates to various processes forproviding such systems, such counter units thereof, and the like. The pre- sentinvention relates to various electric and/or magnetic shields which may be usedalone or in conjunction with such counter units to minimize irradiation of theharmful waves from the system. Background Art

[2] It is now well established in the scientificcommunity that electromagnetic waves with varying frequencies irradiated byvarious devices may be hazardous to human health. In some cases, suchelectromagnetic waves in mega- and giag-hertz range may be the main culprit, whereas the 60-hertz electromagnetic waves may be the main health concern inother cases. It cannot be too emphasized that it is very difficult to shieldagainst magnetic waves of the 60-hertz electromagnetic waves which have- wavelengths amounting to thousands of kilometers and that such 60-hertzmagnetic waves are omnipresent in any corner of the current civilization.

[3] However, intensity of such electromagnetic wavestypically decreases inversely proportional to a square of a distance from asource of such waves to a target. Accordingly, potentially adverse effects fromsuch electromagnetic waves may be minimized by maintaining a safe distance fromsuch a source. Some electrical devices, however, are intended to be used in aclose proximity to an user, where typical examples of such devices are hairdryers, hair curlers, electric mattresses or blankets, heating pads, earphones,headphones, mobile phones, razors, toothbrushes, and the like. However, allprior art devices have failed to provide remedies to such potential hazards. Disclosure of Invention Technical Problem

[4] There is an urgent need for a generic counter unit capable of being incorporated to various prior art devices and converting such devices into electromagnetically- countered systems for minimizing irradiation of the harmful electromagnetic waves therefrom. There also is a need to provide a feasible solution for countering the harmful waves irradiated by various waves sources of different shapes and/or sizes. There further is a need to provide another feasible solution for countering such harmful waves defining wavefronts of various characteristics. Technical Solution

[5] The present invention relates to an electromagnetically-countered system including at least one wave source irradiating harmful electromagnetic waves and at least one counter unit emitting counter electromagnetic waves for countering the harmful waves by the counter waves, e.g., by canceling at least a portion of the harmful waves by the counter waves, by suppressing the harmful waves from propagating to a target space, and the like. More particularly, the present invention relates to generic counter units of the electromagnetically-countered systems and to various mechanisms for countering the harmful waves which are irradiated from various base units of the wave sources by the counter units. Accordingly, the counter unit may be shaped, sized, and/or arranged to match its configuration with configuration of the base unit of the wave source, thereby emitting such counter waves which automatically match characteristics of such harmful waves. In the alternative, the counter unit may be shaped, sized, and/or disposed in an arrangement which is defined along one or more wavefronts of the harmful waves, thereby emitting the counter waves which automatically match characteristics of the harmful waves. The present invention also relates to various counter units which are provided as analogs of the base unit of the wave source, where the analog may approximate the base unit which is more complex than such a counter unit, where the three- or two-dimensional base unit may also be approximated as the two- or one-dimensional analog, and the like. The present invention also relates to multiple simple counter units which are simpler than the base unit but disposed in an arrangement approximating such a shape and/or arrangement of the base unit. The present invention also relates to the counter unit which may be shaped and/or sized according to the configuration of the base unit and disposition thereof. In addition, the present invention relates to various countering modes where a single counter unit may counter a single base unit, at least two but not all of multiple base units or all of multiple base units, where multiple counter units may counter a single base unit, more base units or less multiple units, and the like. The present invention then relates to various electric and/or magnetic shields which may be used alone or in conjunction with the counter units to minimize irradiation of the harmful waves from the system.

[6] The present invention also relates to various methods of countering the harmful waves by the counter waves by such source matching or wave matching. More particularly, the present invention relates to various methods forming the counter unit as an analog of the base unit and then emitting the counter waves matching such harmful waves, various methods of approximating the base unit by the simpler counter unit for the countering and various methods of approximating the base unit by multiple simpler counter units. The present invention also relates to various methods of disposing the counter unit along the wavefronts of the harmful waves and then emitting the counter waves for automatically matching such wavefronts of the harmful waves, various methods of disposing multiple counter units along the wavefronts of the harmful waves and then emitting the counter waves by the counter units for automatically matching such wavefronts, and the like. In addition, the present invention relates to various methods of manipulating the wavefronts of the counter waves by disposing the counter unit closer to and/or farther away from the target space with respect to the base unit, various methods of controlling radii of curvature of the wavefronts of the counter waves by incorporating one or multiple counter units emitting such counter waves of the same or opposite phase angles, various methods of adjusting the wavefronts of the counter waves by disposing one or multiple counter units defining the shapes similar to or different from the shapes of the base units, and the like. The present invention also relates to various methods of countering the harmful waves from one or multiple base units with the counter waves emitted by the single or multiple counter units. Accordingly, the present invention relates to various methods of emitting such counter waves from a single counter unit for the harmful waves irradiated by one or more base units, various methods of emitting such counter waves by two or more counter units for the harmful waves irradiated by a single or multiple base units, and the like. In addition, the present invention relates to various methods of minimizing irradiation of such harmful waves by incorporating such electric shields, by incorporating the magnetic shields, by incorporating one or both of such shields in conjunction with the above counter units, and the like.

[7] The present invention further relates to various processes for providing various counter units and various systems incorporating one or multiple counter units therein. More particularly, the present invention relates to various processes for forming the counter units to emit the counter waves having the wavefronts similar to (or different from) such shapes of the counter units, various processes for forming the counter units as the above analogs of the base units, various processes for providing the counter units emitting such counter waves which define the similar or opposite phase angles, various processes for providing such counter units with the wavefronts shaped similar to the harmful waves, various processes for disposing the counter units in a preset arrangement and emitting therefrom the counter waves which have the wavefronts similar to such an arrangement, and the like. The present invention also relates to various processes for assigning the single counter unit to counter the harmful waves irradiated by the single base unit for a local countering or to counter such harmful waves from multiple base units for a global countering, various processes for assigning multiple counter units to counter the harmful waves irradiated by the single base unit for the global countering or to counter the harmful waves from multiple base units for the local or global countering depending on numbers of the counter and base units. The present invention further relates to various processes for incorporating the electric and/ or magnetic shields for minimizing the irradiation of such harmful waves, and various processes for minimizing the irradiation of such harmful waves by employing such shields as well as the above counter units.

[8] Accordingly, a primary objective of the present invention is to provide an electro- magnetically-countered (to be abbreviated as an 'EMC hereinafter) system (to be abbreviated as an 'EMC system' or simply a 'system' hereinafter) which is capable of minimizing the irradiation of the harmful waves from at least one base unit of at least one wave source by countering the harmful waves with such counter waves. Therefore, a related objective of this invention is to provide an EMC system capable of countering the harmful waves by canceling at least a portion of the harmful waves by the counter waves and/or by suppressing the harmful waves from propagating toward a preset direction by the counter waves. Another related objective of this invention is to counter the harmful waves by such counter waves not all around the base unit of the EMC system but only in the target space (or area) which is defined on only one side of the system. In general, such a target space is defined between the base unit and an user of the system or a specific body part of the user. Another related objective of this invention is to arrange the counter waves to define the phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves so that the counter waves cancel and/or suppress the harmful waves when propagated to the target space. Another related objective of this invention is to arrange such counter waves to define the phase angles at least partially similar to those of the harmful waves such that the counter waves cancel and/or suppress the harmful waves when propagated to such a target space from an opposite side of the base unit. Another related objective of this invention is to emit the counter waves from the same or opposite side of the base unit with respect to the target space while manipulating their phase angles such that the counter waves from different counter units counter the harmful waves in the target space.

[9] Another objective of the present invention is to provide such an EMC system with at least one counter unit capable of emitting such counter waves. Therefore, a related objective of this invention is to match at least one feature or configuration (e.g., each meaning a shape, a size, an arrangement, and the like) of the counter unit with the feature or configuration of the base unit such that the counter waves emitted from the counter unit match the harmful waves irradiated from the base unit. Another related objective of this invention is to match the shape of a single counter unit defining the shape of a single base unit such that the counter waves emitted by the counter unit match the harmful waves by the base unit. Another related objective of this invention is to match the shape of a single counter unit with an arrangement of multiple base units such that the counter waves emitted from the counter unit match a sum of the harmful waves irradiated by multiple base units. Another related objective of this invention is to dispose multiple counter units in an arrangement which match the shape of a single base unit so that a sum of such counter waves emitted from multiple counter units match the harmful waves by the base unit. Another related objective of this invention is to arrange multiple counter units in an arrangement which matches another arrangement of multiple base units such that a sum of the counter waves emitted by multiple counter units match another sum of the harmful waves by multiple base units. Another related objective of this invention is to provide such counter units while using the least amount of electrically conductive, semiconductive, and/or insulative materials, while minimizing a total volume or a size of the counter units, while minimizing a total mass of such counter units, and the like. Another related objective of this invention is to emit the counter waves by the counter units while using the least electrical energy, while drawing the least amount of electric current or voltage from the base unit or other parts of the EMC system, and the like. [10] Another objective of the present invention is to provide an EMC system which includes therein at least one counter unit matching the shape of at least one base unit. Accordingly, a related objective of this invention is to form the counter unit as an one-, two- or three-dimensional analog of the three-dimensional base unit and to counter the single or multiple base units by the single or multiple analogs. Another related objective of this invention is to provide the counter unit as an one- or two-dimensional analog of the three-dimensional base unit and to counter the single or multiple base units by the single or multiple analogs. Another related objective of this invention is to provide the counter unit as an one- or two-dimensional analog of the two-dimensional base unit and then to counter the single or multiple base units with the single or multiple analogs. Another related objective of this invention is to form the counter unit as an one-dimensional analog of the two-dimensional base unit and to counter the single or multiple base units by the single or multiple analogs. Another related objective of this invention is to provide the counter unit as an one-dimensional analog of an one-dimensional base unit and to counter the single or multiple base units using the single or multiple analogs. Another related objective of this invention is to provide such counter units as one-, two-, and/or three-dimensional analogs of an one-, two-, and/or three-dimensional base units and then to counter the base units of the mixed dimension by the counter units of the mixed dimension. In these objectives, such counter units emit the counter waves capable of matching the harmful waves irradiated by the base units. Another related objective of this invention is to form the counter unit conforming to the shape of the base unit for matching such harmful waves with the counter waves emitted thereby. Another related objective of this invention is to form the counter unit which does not conform to the shape of the base unit but which is disposed in an arrangement for matching the harmful waves by such counter waves emitted thereby. Another related objective of this invention is to form the counter unit in a shape of one or multiple wires, strips, sheets, tubes, coils, spirals, meshes, mixtures thereof, combinations thereof, and/or arrays thereof in order to match the shape of the base unit and to emit the counter waves matching the harmful waves. Another related objective of this invention is to dispose any of the above counter units within a preset distance from the base unit in order to match at least some wavefronts of the counter waves emitted thereby to at least some wavefronts of the harmful waves. Another related objective of this invention is to dispose any of the above counter units in a preset arrangement with respect to the base unit so as to match at least some wavefronts of the counter waves with at least some of the harmful waves. [11] Another objective of the present invention is to provide an EMC system which includes therein at least one counter unit having a size which operatively matches a size of the base unit for matching the harmful waves irradiated by the base unit with the counter waves emitted thereby. Accordingly, a related objective of this invention is to provide the counter unit larger, wider, and/or longer than the base unit, where such a counter unit is preferably disposed between the base unit and target space (to be referred to as a 'front arrangement' hereinafter) for such matching. Another related objective of this invention is to form the counter unit defining a size, a width, and/or a length similar (or identical) to those of the base unit, where the counter unit is preferably disposed laterally or side by side to the base unit with respect to the target space (to be referred to as a 'lateral arrangement' hereinafter) for the matching. Another related objective of this invention is to form the counter unit smaller, narrower, and/or shorter than the base unit, where the counter unit is preferably disposed on an opposite side of the target space relative to the base unit (to be referred to as a 'rear arrangement' hereinafter) for the matching. Another related objective of this invention is to enclose at least a portion of the counter unit by the base unit or, in the alternative, to enclose at least a portion of the base unit by the counter unit (to be referred to as a 'concentric ar- rangement' hereinafter) for such matching. Another related objective of this invention is to dispose multiple counter units in such a front, lateral, rear or concentric arrangement with respect to the single base unit for such matching. Another related objective of this invention is to form the single or multiple counter units disposed in the front, lateral, rear or concentric arrangement with respect to multiple base units for such matching. Another related objective of this invention is to define multiple counter units all of which are disposed in only one of such front, lateral, rear, and concentric arrangements with respect to all of multiple base units or at least two of which are disposed in different (or mixed) arrangements with respect to at least two of multiple base units for such matching.

[12] Another objective of the present invention is to provide an EMC system which incorporates at least one counter unit in a disposition (e.g., an orientation, an alignment, and a distance) matching that of the base unit. Thus, a related objective of this invention is to orient the counter unit in a direction of propagation of the harmful waves, in another direction in which the current flows in the base unit, in another direction in which the voltage is applied across the base unit, in a direction of the longitudinal axis of the base unit, and/or in a direction of the short axis thereof for the matching. Another related objective of this invention is to form multiple counter units all of which are oriented in one of the same directions or axes, at least two of which are oriented along different directions and/or axes, and all of which are oriented in different directions or axes for such matching. Another related objective of this invention is to axially align the counter unit with respect to the base unit (to be referred to as an 'axial alignment' hereinafter) so that the counter waves emitted by the counter unit are to axially align with such harmful waves which are irradiated by the base unit for the matching. Another related objective of this invention is to axially misalign the counter unit with the base unit (to be referred to as an 'off-axis alignment' hereinafter) but to dispose the counter unit in a preset arrangement for such matching. Another related objective of this invention is to provide multiple counter units disposed in such an axial or off-axis alignment with respect to the single base unit for such matching. Another related objective of this invention is to provide the single or multiple counter units which are disposed in the axial or off-axis alignment with respect to multiple base units for such matching. Another related objective of this invention is to define multiple counter units all of which are disposed in the axial or off-axis alignment with respect to all of multiple base units or at least two of which are disposed in different (or mixed) alignments relative to at least two of multiple base units for the matching. Another related objective of this invention is to dispose the counter unit at a preset distance from the base unit such that at least some wavefronts of the counter waves from the counter unit match at least some wavefronts of the harmful waves from the base unit for such matching. Another related objective of this invention is to dispose the single counter unit at preset distances from each (or at least two) of multiple base units for such matching. Another related objective of this invention is to dispose multiple counter units at preset distances from the single base unit or, alternatively, at preset distances from each (or at least two) of multiple base units for the matching.

[13] Another objective of the present invention is to provide an EMC system which includes therein at least one counter unit for emitting the counter waves which have amplitudes matching those of the harmful waves. Therefore, a related objective of this invention is to provide the counter unit emitting the counter waves with amplitudes greater than those of the harmful waves, where this counter unit is preferably disposed farther away from the target space compared with the base unit or in the rear arrangement for such matching. Another related objective of this invention is to form the counter unit emitting the counter waves with amplitudes similar (or identical) to those of the harmful waves, where such a counter unit is preferably disposed side by side with the base unit relative to the target space or in the lateral arrangement for the matching. Another related objective of this invention is to form the counter unit emitting the counter waves with amplitudes less than those of the harmful waves, where this counter unit is preferably disposed closer to such a target space than the base unit or in the front arrangement for the matching. Another related objective of this invention is to provide multiple counter units emitting the counter waves a sum of which may define the amplitudes greater than, similar to or less than those of the single base unit, those of all of multiple base units, those of at least two but not all of multiple counter units, and the like.

[14] Another objective of the present invention is to provide such an EMC system including at least one counter unit capable of emitting the counter waves which match at least a portion of the harmful waves and, therefore, counter the harmful waves. Therefore, a related objective of this invention is to provide the counter unit for emitting such counter waves defining multiple wavefronts which match at least one of of the wavefronts of the harmful waves in the target space. Another related objective of this invention is to dispose the counter unit along at least a portion of at least one of the wavefronts of the harmful waves and to emit the counter waves matching such a po rtion of the wavefront of the harmful waves. Another related objective of this invention is to dispose multiple counter units along at least a portion of at least one of the wavefronts of the harmful waves and to emit the counter waves a sum of which then matches such a portion of the wavefront of the harmful waves. Another related objective of this invention is to dispose the counter unit across at least two of such wavefronts of the harmful waves but to emit the counter waves capable of matching at least a portion of at least one of the wavefronts of the harmful waves. Another related objective of this invention is to provide multiple counter units at least two of which are disposed across at least two of the wavefronts of the harmful waves but to emit the counter waves capable of matching the portion of the wavefront of the harmful waves. Another related objective of this invention is to shape and size such a counter unit in order to emit the counter waves with radii of curvature which match those of at least a portion of the harmful waves. Another related objective of this invention is to dispose the counter unit in a preset position or at a preset distance from the base unit in which the counter waves emitted thereby define the radii of curvature which match those of at least a portion of the harmful waves. Another related objective of this invention is to shape and size multiple counter units emitting such counter waves a sum of which define the radii of curvature matching the harmful waves irradiated by the single base unit or multiple base units. Another related objective of this invention is to provide the counter unit in a shape of one or multiple wires, strips, sheets, tubes, coils, spirals, meshes, mixtures thereof, combinations thereof, and/or arrays thereof and to emit the counter waves capable of matching at least a portion of at least one wavefront of the harmful waves from the base unit. Another related objective of this invention is to fabricate the counter unit into a solid shape without forming any openings or holes thereacross for the matching. Another related objective of this invention is to fabricate the counter units as the arrays defining multiple holes or openings thereacross for such matching. [15] Another objective of the present invention is to provide an EMC system which includes therein at least one counter unit for emitting the counter waves and for locally countering the harmful waves irradiated from the base unit. Accordingly, a related objective of this invention is to provide the single counter unit for locally countering the harmful waves from the single base unit by the counter waves emitted thereby. Another related objective of this invention is to provide multiple counter units each of which locally counters the harmful waves from only one of the same (or less number) of base units with the counter waves emitted from each of multiple counter units. Another related objective of this invention is to provide the single counter unit (or multiple counter units) which defines the feature (or configuration) similar (or identical) to that of the single base unit (or multiple base units) for such local countering. Another related objective of this invention is to provide the single counter unit (or multiple counter units) emitting the counter waves which define the wavefronts matching at least one of the wavefronts of the harmful waves irradiated from the single base unit (or multiple base units) for such local countering. Another related objective of this invention is to provide multiple counter units at least one of which defines the feature (or configuration) similar (or identical) to that of the base unit and at least another of which defines the wavefronts matching at least one of the wavefronts of the harmful waves from the base unit for such local countering.

[16] Another objective of the present invention is to provide an EMC system which includes therein at least one counter unit for emitting the counter waves and for globally countering the harmful waves irradiated from the base unit. Therefore, a related objective of this invention is to form one or multiple counter units each emitting the counter waves for globally matching the harmful waves irradiated from one or a less number of base units. Another related objective of this invention is to provide the single counter unit for globally countering a sum of the harmful waves irradiated by multiple base units by the counter waves emitted thereby. Another related objective of this invention is to form multiple counter units each of which globally counters the harmful waves irradiated by at least two base units by the counter waves emitted by each of multiple counter units. Another related objective of this invention is to define the single counter unit (or multiple counter units) which defines the feature (or configuration) which is similar (or identical) to those of at least two (or a greater number of) base units for the global countering. Another related objective of this invention is to provide the single counter unit (or multiple counter units) emitting the counter waves which define the wavefronts matching at least one of the wavefronts of the harmful waves irradiated from at least two (or a greater number of) base units for the global countering. Another related objective of this invention is to provide multiple counter units at least one of which defines the feature (or configuration) similar (or identical) to those of at least two base units and at least another of which defines the wavefronts matching at least one wavefront of the harmful waves irradiated by at least two of other base units for such local countering.

[17] Another objective of the present invention is to provide an EMC system which includes therein at least one counter unit which is disposed in a preset position or location defined relative to the base unit and/or target space. Therefore, a related objective of this invention is to dispose the counter unit on (or over) an exterior surface of the base unit, to dispose the counter unit on (or below) an interior surface of the base unit, to embed at least a portion of the counter unit inside the base unit, and so on. Another related objective of this invention is to provide the system with a case member and to dispose the counter unit on (or over) an exterior surface of the case member, to dispose such a counter unit on (or below) an interior surface of the case member, to embed at least a portion of the counter unit inside the case member, to dispose the counter unit between the case member and base unit, and the like. Another related objective of this invention is to dispose the counter unit in a preset relation to the case member such as, e.g., exposing at least a (or entire) portion of the counter unit through the case member, enclosing the entire portion of the counter unit inside the case member, and the like. [18] Another objective of the present invention is to provide an EMC system which includes therein at least one counter unit emitting the counter waves propagating along preset directions. Therefore, a related objective of this invention is to arrange the counter unit to emit the counter waves always in a fixed direction with respect to the base unit such that the counter waves propagate along a direction defined based on a preset relation to a direction of propagation of the harmful waves, e.g., parallel to the harmful waves, perpendicular to the harmful waves, at a preset angle with respect to the harmful waves, and so on. Another related objective of this invention is to arrange the counter unit to emit the counter waves in variable directions with respect to a direction of propagation of the harmful waves, where such a counter unit is arranged to change its arrangement and/or orientation and/or to receive the current and/or voltage along variable directions for changing the direction of such counter waves. Another related objective of this invention is to arrange the counter unit to emit the counter waves in a direction which is adaptively determined by variable directions of propagation of the harmful waves, where such a counter unit may change the direction of the counter waves as described hereinabove. Therefore, such a counter unit may change an extent of countering based on its arrangement and/or orientation. Another related objective of this invention is to synchronize a propagation direction of the counter waves with that of such harmful waves based on the preset relation disclosed hereinabove. Another related objective of this invention is to arrange the counter unit to manipulate the amplitudes of the counter waves in various mechanisms similar to those for manipulating the directions thereof.

[19] Another objective of the present invention is to provide an EMC system with at least one of the above counter units and to supply the electric current or voltage thereto for countering such harmful waves by such counter waves emitted thereby. Accordingly, a related objective of this invention is to provide the counter unit with the electric current or voltage which is supplied to the above base unit or at least one of multiple base units. Another related objective of this invention is to provide the counter unit with at least a portion but not an entire portion of the electric current or voltage supplied to such a base unit or at least one of multiple base units. Another related objective of this invention is to provide the counter unit with such a portion of the current or voltage of which the amplitudes and/or direction are modified before being supplied thereto. In all of these examples, the current or voltage supplied to the counter unit is automatically synchronized with such current or voltage supplied to the base unit or at least one of multiple base units. Another related objective of this invention is to supply the counter unit with electric current or voltage which is not the current or voltage supplied to the base unit or at least one of multiple base units but which is at least partially synchronized with the current or voltage supplied to such base units. Another related objective of this invention is to manipulate the amplitudes or directions of the current or voltage depending upon configuration and/or disposition of the counter unit. Another related objective of this invention is to electrically couple the counter unit with the base unit in a parallel, series or hybrid mode. Another related objective of this invention is to supply such electric current or voltage based upon various sequences such as, e.g., first to the base unit and then to the counter unit, first to the counter unit then to the counter unit, first to one of multiple counter units and then to the rest of the counter units or base unit, first to one of multiple base units and then to the rest of the base units or counter unit, simultaneously to the counter and base units, and the like.

[20] It is to be understood in all of such objectives that the counter units are preferably arranged to not adversely affect other intended operations of the systems. For example, the counter units of the EMC speaker systems may effectively counter the harmful waves irradiated by their sound generating base units but may not adversely affect the quality of acoustic sounds generated thereby. In another example, the counter units of the EMC actuator systems may effectively counter such harmful waves irradiated by their electromotive base units but may not adversely affect the amplitude of electromotive force generated thereby. In another example, the counter units of the EMC heating systems may also effectively counter the harmful waves irradiated by their heating base units but may neither adversely affect the amount of thermal energy generated thereby. In another example, the counter units of the EMC transformer systems may effectively counter the harmful waves irradiated by their transforming coils but may not adversely affect voltage levels obtained thereby. It is also appreciated in all of such objectives that the counter units are preferably arranged to emit the counter waves which define the phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves for such countering but that the counter units may also emit the counter waves which define the phase angles at least partially similar to those of the harmful waves when disposed on an opposite side of the base unit with respect to the target space or when the system includes multiple counter units and it is desirable to modify the radii of curvature of the wavefronts of the counter waves. It is further appreciated that the electric and/or magnetic shields disclosed in the co-pending Applications may be incorporated into any of the above EMC systems either alone or in combination with the above counter units for maximally countering the harmful waves.

[21] The basic principle of the counter units of the generic electromagnetically-countered systems of this invention is to emit the counter waves which form the wavefronts similar (or identical) to those of the harmful waves but define the phase angles at least partially opposite to those of such harmful waves. Therefore, by propagating such counter waves to the target space, the counter waves can effectively counter the harmful waves in the target space by, e.g., canceling at least a portion of such harmful waves therein and/or suppressing the harmful waves from propagating theretoward. To this end, the counter units are arranged to emit the counter waves which define the wavefronts matching those of the harmful waves by various mechanisms. In one example, such counter units are shaped similar (or identical) to the base units of the waves sources, or arranged similar (or identical) to such base units and, therefore, emit the counter waves which can counter the harmful waves in the target space. In another example, such counter units are disposed along one or more of the wavefronts of the harmful waves and emit the counter waves which are similar (or identical) to the harmful waves and, accordingly, counter the harmful waves in the target space. In these two examples, the counter units are to emit the counter waves with the wavefronts which are similar (or identical) to the shapes of such counter units themselves, and such counter waves are to define the phase angles which are at least partially opposite to the phase angles of the harmful waves. In another example, the counter units are shaped differently from the base units, but are rather disposed in an arrangement in which the counter waves emitted therefrom may match such harmful waves in the target space. In another example, the counter units are disposed across different wavefronts of the harmful waves but are to emit the counter waves which are similar (or identical) to the harmful waves and, therefore, counter the harmful waves in the target space. In the last two examples, the counter units may be arranged to emit the counter waves with the wavefronts may or may not be similar (or identical) to the shapes of the counter units themselves, while the counter waves are to define the phase angles which are at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves. [22] The basic principle of the counter units of the generic electromagnetically-countered system of this invention may be implemented into various prior art devices for minimizing irradiation of the harmful waves therefrom. For example, the counter units may be implemented to any base units of electrically conductive wires, coils, and/or sheets or, in the alternative, into any electrically semiconductive and/or insulative wires, coils, and/or sheets for minimizing the irradiation of the harmful waves by countering such harmful waves by the counter waves, e.g., by canceling at least a portion of the harmful waves in the target space and/or suppressing the harmful waves from propagating toward the target space, where the counter units may be made of and/or include at least one electrically conductive, insulative or semiconductive material. The counter units may be implemented into any of such base units which define the shapes which may be formed by incorporating one or multiple wires, coils, and/or sheets, by modifying the shapes of one or multiple wires, coils, and/or sheets, where a few examples of the modified shapes may include a solenoid and toroid each formed by modifying the shape of such a coil. Therefore and in one example, such counter units may be implemented into various speakers such as cone-drive speakers, electrostatic speakers, and piezoelectric speakers for minimizing the irradiation of the harmful waves. Accordingly, any prior art devices including the electromagnetically- countered speakers such as earphones, headphones, wired phones, mobile phones, and audiovisual devices may be converted into the electromagnetically countered systems. Similarly, the counter units may be implemented into various microphones which are inverse examples of such speakers, and any prior art devices including such electro- magnetically-countered microphones such as wired phones, mobile phones, audio and/ or audiovisual sound systems, and an assembly of the earphone and microphone may be converted into the electromagnetically countered systems. In another example, such counter units may be implemented into various motors such as DC motors, universal motors, AC synchronous motors, AC induction motors, linear motors, and the like, for minimizing the irradiation of such harmful waves. Therefore, any prior art actuator devices including the electromagnetically-countered motors such as kitchen appliances (e.g., a food processor, a mixer, a juicer, a grinder, a blender, a squeezer, a can opener, a dish washer, a refrigerator, a freezer, a cooler, and so on), cooking appliances (e.g., an electric grill, an electric oven, an electric stove, an electric range, an electric toaster, an electric fan for such, and the like), household appliances (e.g., a cloth washer, a cloth dryer, an air conditioner, a garage opener, a dry or wet vacuum cleaner, and so on), tools (e.g., an electric drill, an electric saw, an electric screwdriver, an electric nail or staple gun, an electric sander, and the like), and personal hygiene devices (e.g., an electric razor, an electric toothbrush, an electric hair dryer, and the like) may be converted into the electromagnetically countered systems. Similarly, the counter units may also be implemented to various generators, and any prior art generating devices with the electromagnetically-countered generators such as AC generators, DC generators, and (automobile) alternators may also be converted into the electromagnetically countered systems. In another example, such counter units may be implemented into various transformers which include therein at least two coils, and any prior art devices including the electromagnetically-countered transformers such as step-up transformers, step-down transformers, and AC/DC adaptors of various electric devices may be converted into the electromagnetically countered systems. In another example, such counter units may be implemented to various heating unit including at least one resistive heating wire, heating strip, heating sheet, and/or heating coil for minimizing the irradiation of the harmful waves during heating. Accordingly, any prior art heating devices such as personal heating appliances (e.g., an electric mattress or mat, an electric blanket, an electric heating pad, and so on), cooking appliances (e.g., an electric grill, an electric oven, an electric stove, an electric range, an electric toaster, an electric toaster oven, and the like), and/or beauty-related appliances (e.g., a hair dryer, a hair setter, a hair curler, a hair steamer, and the like), may be converted into the electromagnetically countered systems. In another example, such counter units may be implemented into various light emitting units for minimizing the irradiation of such harmful waves during lighting. Accordingly, any prior art display devices such as a cathode ray tube, a light emitting device, an organic light emitting device, an inorganic light emitting device, and a plasma display panel may be converted into the electromagnetically countered systems.

[23] It is appreciated that various counter units of the generic EMC systems of this invention may be incorporated into any electrical and/or electronic devices each of which may include at least one base unit and, accordingly, may irradiate the harmful waves including electric waves (to be abbreviated as 'EWs' hereinafter) and magnetic waves (to be abbreviated as 'MWs' hereinafter) having frequencies of about 50 to 60 Hz and/or other EWs and MWs of higher frequencies. It is also appreciated that the generic EMC systems of this invention may also be incorporated into any portable or stationary electric and/or electronic devices which include at least one base unit detailed examples of which have been provided heretofore and will be provided hereinafter. It is further appreciated that such counter units may be provided in a micron-scale and incorporated to semiconductor chips and circuits such as LSI and VLSI devices and that such counter units may be provided in a nano-scale and incorporated into various nano devices including at least one base unit which in this case may be a single molecule or a compound or may be a cluster of multiple molecules or compounds.

[24] Various system, method, and/or process aspects of the generic electromagnetically- countered systems and various embodiments thereof are now enumerated. It is to be understood, however, that following system, method, and/or process aspects of the present invention may be embodied in many other different forms and, accordingly, should not be limited to such aspects and/or their embodiments which are to be set forth herein. Rather, various exemplary aspects and their embodiments described hereinafter are provided such that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and fully convey the scope of the present invention to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art.

[25] In one aspect of the present invention, an exemplary system may be provided for countering harmful electromagnetic waves irradiated from a base unit of at least one wave source by canceling the harmful waves in a target space and/or suppressing the harmful waves from propagating toward the target space, where such a base unit includes only portions of the wave source responsible for irradiating the harmful waves and for affecting paths of the harmful waves therethrough and where the target space is defined between the system and an user.

[26] In one exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include at least one counter unit which is arranged to define a shape identical (or similar) to the base unit, and then to emit counter electromagnetic waves, where such counter waves are arranged to define phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, to define wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of the harmful waves due to the shape and, therefore, to counter such harmful waves due to the opposite phase angles in the target space. It is appreciated that those counter waves are to be referred to as the 'counter waves of the first type' or 'first counter waves' hereinafter.

[27] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include a single counter unit which is arranged to have a shape of an one-dimensional (or 1-D), a two-dimensional (or 2-D) or three-dimensional (or 3-D) analog of the base unit and to emit the first counter electromagnetic waves. Alternatively, such a single counter unit may be arranged to define a shape of an 1-D (or 2-D, 3-D) analog of at least two of multiple base units and to emit the first counter electromagnetic waves.

[28] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include multiple counter units at least two of which are arranged to define shapes of 1-D (or 2-D, 3-D) analogs of the base unit, and to emit counter electromagnetic waves which are arranged to define phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, to define wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of the harmful waves due to the shapes and, therefore, to counter the harmful waves due to such opposite phase angles in the target space. In the alternative, at least two of such multiple units may instead be arranged to define shapes of 1-D (or 2-D, 3-D) analogs of at least two of multiple base units and to emit the counter electromagnetic waves described above in this paragraph.

[29] In another aspect of the present invention, an exemplary system may be provided to counter harmful electromagnetic waves irradiated from a base unit of at least one wave source by matching a shape and/or an arrangement of the base unit with another shape and/or arrangement of at least one part of the system and by canceling the waves in a target space and/or suppressing the waves from propagating to the target space, where the base unit is arranged to include only portions of the wave source responsible for irradiating such harmful waves and affecting paths of the waves therethrough and where the target space is defined between the system and an user.

[30] In one exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include at least one counter unit which is arranged to have a shape similar to (or identical) to (or to conform to) that of the base unit and to emit the first counter electromagnetic waves.

[31] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include at least one counter unit which is arranged to have a shape different from (or not conforming to) that of such a base unit, to be in a preset arrangement relative to the base unit, and to emit counter electromagnetic waves which are arranged to define phase angles at least partially opposite to those of such harmful waves, to have wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of the harmful waves due to the arrangement and, accordingly, to counter such harmful waves in the target space due to the opposite phase angles. It is appreciated that such counter waves are to be referred to as the 'counter waves of the second type' or 'second counter waves' hereinafter.

[32] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include at least one counter unit which is provided in various arrangements but emits the above first counter waves. In one example, the counter unit is arranged to define a shape of an 1-D analog of an 1-D, 2-D or 3-D base unit and to emit the first counter waves. In another example, the counter unit arranged to define a shape of at least one 1-D analog of multiple 1-D, 2-D or 3-D base units and to emit such first counter waves. In another example, the counter unit is arranged to define a shape of a 2-D analog of an 1-D, 2-D or 3-D base unit and to emit the above first counter waves. In another example, the counter unit is arranged to have a shape of at least one 2-D analog of multiple 1-D, 2-D or 3-D base units and then to emit the first counter waves. In another example, the counter unit is arranged to define a shape of a 3-D analog of an 1-D, 2-D or 3-D base unit and to emit the first counter waves. In another example, such a counter unit is arranged to have a shape of at least one 3-D analog of multiple 1-D, 2-D or 3-D base units and to emit the first counter waves.

[33] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may be provided in various arrangements. In one example, such a system may include at least one counter unit which is arranged to define a shape matching that of the base unit and to also emit the first counter waves. In another example, a system may include at least one counter unit which is arranged to define a shape matching shapes of multiple base units and then to emit the first counter waves. In another example, a system may also have multiple counter units which are arranged to form an overall shape matching a shape of the base unit and to emit the first counter waves. In another example, a system may have multiple counter units which are arranged to form an overall shape matching another overall shape of multiple base units and to emit the first counter waves.

[34] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may be provided in various arrangements. In one example, such a system may include at least one counter unit which is arranged to be disposed between the base unit and target space, to have a width longer than that of the base unit, and then to emit counter electromagnetic waves which are arranged to define phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, to have wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of the harmful waves due to the width and, therefore, to counter the harmful waves in the target space due to the opposite phase angles. In another example, a system may have at least one counter unit which is arranged to be incorporated between the target space and multiple base units, to have a width longer than a contour formed by all of the base units, and then to emit the counter waves described above in this paragraph. In another example, a system may include multiple counter units which are also arranged to be disposed between the base unit and target space, to be disposed in an arrangement defined along a width longer than that of the base unit, and to emit such counter waves described above in this paragraph. In another example, a system may include multiple counter units which are arranged to be disposed between the target space and multiple base units, to be disposed in an arrangement defined along a width which is longer than a contour defined by all of the base units, and to emit the counter waves described above in this paragraph. In another example, a system may include at least one counter unit which is arranged to be disposed on an opposite side of the target space with respect to the base unit, to define a width shorter than that of the base unit, and to emit the counter waves described above in this paragraph. In another example, a system may include at least one counter unit which is arranged to be disposed on an opposite side of the target space with respect to multiple base units, to have a width shorter than a contour formed by the base units, and to emit the counter waves described above in this paragraph. In another example, another system may have multiple counter units which are arranged to be disposed on an opposite side of the target space with respect to the base unit, to be disposed into an arrangement defined along a width shorter than that of the base unit, and to emit the counter waves described above in this paragraph. In another example, such a system may instead have multiple counter units which are arranged to be disposed on an opposite side of the target space with respect to multiple base units, to be disposed in an arrangement along a width which is shorter than a contour formed by all of the base units, and to emit the counter waves described above in this paragraph.

[35] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include at least one counter unit which is arranged to define a shape of a wire, a strip, a sheet, a tube, a coil, a spiral, a mesh, a mixture thereof, a combination thereof, and/or an array thereof while conforming its shape to a shape of the base unit, and to emit the first counter waves. In the alternative, such a counter unit may be arranged to define a shape of at least one of a wire, a strip, a sheet, a tube, a coil, a spiral, a mesh, a mixture thereof, a combination thereof, and/or an array thereof while conforming its shape to an overall shape of multiple base units, and to emit the first counter waves.

[36] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include at least one counter unit which is arranged to be disposed in an arrangement which is similar (or identical) to a shape of the base unit and to emit the second counter waves.

[37] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may i nclude at least one counter unit which is arranged to be disposed in an arrangement different from a shape of such a base unit and to emit the second counter waves.

[38] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include at least one counter unit which is arranged to define a size which is greater than that of such a base unit, to be disposed between the base unit and target space, and then to emit counter electromagnetic waves which are arranged to define phase angles at least partially opposite to those of such harmful waves, to have wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of the harmful waves based on the size and, therefore, to counter the harmful waves in the target space due to the opposite phase angles. In the alternative, such a counter unit may be arranged to define a size which is greater than that of the base unit, to be disposed on an opposite side of the target space with respect to the base unit, and to emit the counter waves described above in this paragraph.

[39] In another aspect of the present invention, an exemplary system may be provided to counter harmful electromagnetic waves irradiated from a base unit of at least one wave source by matching a disposition of the base unit with a disposition of at least one part of the system and by canceling such harmful waves in a target space and/or suppressing the harmful waves from propagating toward the target space, where the base unit includes only portions of the wave source which are responsible for irradiating the harmful waves and affecting paths of the harmful waves therethrough and where the target space is defined between the system and an user.

[40] In one exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include at least one counter unit which is arranged to be placed in an alignment which matches a direction of propagation of such harmful waves, which matches a direction of electric current flowing in the base unit, which matches a direction of electric voltage applied across the base unit, which matches a direction along a longitudinal axis of the base unit, and/or which matches a direction of a short axis of such a base unit normal to the longitudinal axis, and to emit counter electromagnetic waves, where the counter waves are arranged to define phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, to have wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of such harmful waves due the alignment and, therefore, to counter the harmful waves in the target space due to the opposite phase angles.

[41] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include at least one counter unit which is arranged to be placed at a position between the target space and base unit and to emit counter electromagnetic waves defining amplitudes less than those of the harmful waves. In another example, the counter unit may be arranged to be disposed at a position on an opposite side of the target space with respect to the base unit and to emit counter electromagnetic waves which define amplitudes greater than those of the harmful waves. In either example, the counter waves are also arranged to define phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, to have wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of such harmful waves due to the position and, therefore, to counter the harmful waves in the target space due to the opposite phase angles.

[42] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include at least one counter unit which is arranged to be in a disposition enclosing at least a (or an entire) portion of the base unit therein and to emit counter electromagnetic waves. In another example, the counter unit may be arranged to be in a disposition enclosed by at least a (or an entire) portion of the base unit and to emit counter electromagnetic waves. In another example, the counter unit may be arranged to be in a disposition lateral (or side by side) with respect to the base unit and to emit counter electromagnetic waves. In each of these examples, the counter waves are arranged to define phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, to have wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of the harmful waves due the disposition and, therefore, to counter the harmful waves in the target space due to the opposite phase angles.

[43] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include at least one counter unit which is arranged to be in a disposition symmetric (or asymmetric) with respect to at least a portion of the base unit and then to emit counter electromagnetic waves which are arranged to have phase angles which are at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, to have wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of the harmful waves due the disposition and, thus, to counter the harmful waves in the target space due to the opposite phase angles.

[44] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include at least one counter unit which is arranged to be in a stationary disposition with respect to the base unit, and to emit counter electromagnetic waves which are arranged to define phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, to have wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of the harmful waves due the stationary disposition and, accordingly, to counter the harmful waves in the target space due to the opposite phase angles.

[45] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include at least one counter unit which is arranged to be in a mobile disposition with respect to the base unit, and then to emit counter electromagnetic waves which are arranged to define phase angles which are at least partially opposite to the harmful waves, to have wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of the harmful waves while moving with respect to such a base unit and, accordingly, to counter the harmful waves in the target space due to the opposite phase angles.

[46] In another aspect of the present invention, an exemplary system may be provided to counter harmful electromagnetic waves irradiated from a base unit of at least one wave source with counter electromagnetic waves by matching the harmful waves with such counter waves along wavefronts thereof and by canceling the harmful waves in a target space and/or suppressing the harmful waves with the counter waves from propagating toward the target space, where the base unit is arranged to include only portions of the wave source which are responsible for irradiating the harmful waves and affecting paths of the harmful waves therethrough, while the target space is formed between the system and an user.

[47] In one exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include at least one counter unit which is arranged to be disposed based on a preset arrangement along (or relative to) at least one of the above wavefronts, and to emit the counter waves which are arranged to have phase angles which are at least partially opposite to those of such harmful waves, to at least partially match the wavefronts of the harmful waves due to such an arrangement in the target space and, therefore, to counter such harmful waves due to the opposite phase angles in the target space. It is appreciated that such counter waves will be referred to as the 'counter waves of the third type' or simply 'third counter waves' hereinafter.

[48] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may be provided in various arrangements. In one example, a system may include a single counter unit which is arranged to be disposed in a front arrangement defined along at least one of such wavefronts, and then to emit the counter waves defining amplitudes less than those of the harmful waves, where the counter unit is disposed between the base unit and the target space in the arrangement. In another example, such a system may include multiple counter units each of which is arranged to be disposed in such a front arrangement along at least one of the wavefronts and to emit the counter waves defining amplitudes less than those of the harmful waves, where the counter unit is disposed between the base unit and the target space in the arrangement. In both examples, the counter units are arranged to emit the third counter waves.

[49] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may be provided in various arrangements. In one example, a system may include a single counter unit which is arranged to be disposed in a rear arrangement and to emit the counter waves defining amplitudes greater than those of the harmful waves, where such a counter unit is disposed on an opposite side of the target space relative to the base unit in the arrangement. In another example, a system may include multiple counter units each of which is arranged to be disposed in a rear arrangement and to emit the counter waves defining amplitudes greater than those of the harmful waves, where the counter units may be disposed on an opposite side of the target space with respect to the base unit in the arrangement. In both examples, the counter units are arranged to emit the third counter waves.

[50] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may be provided in various arrangements. In one example, a system may include a single counter unit which is arranged to be disposed in a front arrangement along one of such wavefronts, and to emit the counter waves defining amplitudes less than those of the harmful waves, where the wavefronts are defined by the harmful waves irradiated by multiple base units and where the counter unit is disposed between the base unit and target space in such an arrangement. In another example, a system may have multiple counter units each of which is arranged to be disposed in a front arrangement along one of the above wavefronts and to emit the counter waves defining amplitudes less than those of the harmful waves, where the wavefronts are defined by the harmful waves irradiated by multiple base units and where all of the counter units are disposed between the base unit and target space in such an arrangement. In both examples, the counter units are arranged to emit the third counter waves.

[51] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may be provided in various arrangements. In one example, a system may include a single counter unit which is arranged to be disposed in a rear arrangement and then to emit the counter waves with amplitudes greater than those of the harmful waves, where such wavefronts are defined by such harmful waves which are irradiated by multiple base units and where such a counter unit is disposed on an opposite side of the target space with respect to the base unit in such an arrangement. In another example, a system may include multiple counter units which are arranged to be disposed in a rear arrangement and to emit the counter waves defining amplitudes greater than those of the harmful waves, where the wavefronts are formed by such harmful waves which are irradiated by multiple base units and where the counter units are disposed on an opposite side of the target space relative to the base unit in the arrangement. In both examples, the counter units are arranged to emit the third counter waves.

[52] In another aspect of the present invention, an exemplary system may be provided to counter harmful electromagnetic waves irradiated from a base unit of at least one wave source with counter electromagnetic waves by matching the harmful waves along their wavefronts by the counter waves and by canceling the harmful waves in a target space by the counter waves and/or suppressing the harmful waves from propagating to the target space with the counter waves, where the base unit is arranged to include only portions of the wave source which are responsible for irradiating the harmful waves and for affecting paths of the harmful waves therethrough, while the target space is defined between the system and an user. [53] In one exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a system may be provided in various arrangements. In one example, such a system may include a single counter unit which is arranged to emit the counter waves and to be incorporated in a preset arrangement which is defined along at least one of the wavefronts. In another example, a system may include a single counter unit which is arranged to emit the counter waves and to be incorporated in a preset arrangement which is defined along at least one of the wavefronts which are formed by multiple base units of multiple wave sources. In another example, a system may include multiple counter units which are arranged to emit the counter waves and to be disposed in a preset arrangement which is defined along at least one of the wavefronts. In another example, a system may include multiple counter units which are arranged to emit the counter waves and to be disposed in a preset arrangement which is defined along at least one of the wavefronts which are defined by multiple base units of multiple wave sources. In all of the examples, the counter units are arranged to emit the third counter waves.

[54] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may be provided in various arrangements. In one example, a system may include a single counter unit which is arranged to emit the counter waves and to be disposed between the target space and base unit based upon an arrangement which is in turn arranged to be defined along at least one of such wavefronts and to be wider than the base unit. In another example, such a system may include multiple counter units each of which is arranged to emit the counter waves and to be disposed between the base unit and target space in an arrangement which is in turn arranged to be formed along at least one of the wavefronts and which is also arranged to be wider than the base unit. In both examples, such counter units are arranged to emit the third counter waves.

[55] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may be provided in various arrangements. In one example, a system may include a single counter unit which is arranged to emit the counter waves and to be disposed between the target space and base unit based upon an arrangement which is in turn arranged to be defined along at least one of such wavefronts and to be narrower than the base unit. In another example, a system may include multiple counter units each of which is arranged to emit such counter waves and to be disposed between the base unit and target space in an arrangement which is in turn arranged to be defined along at least one of the wavefronts and which is also arranged to be narrower than the base unit. In both examples, such counter units are arranged to emit the third counter waves.

[56] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may be provided in various arrangements. In one example, a system may include a single counter unit which is arranged to emit the counter waves and to be disposed between the base unit and target space based upon an arrangement which is in turn arranged to be similar (or identical, conforming) to that of at least one of the wavefronts. In another example, a system may include a single counter unit which is arranged to emit such counter waves and to be disposed on an opposite side of the target space with respect to the base unit in an arrangement which is arranged to be similar (or identical, conforming) to that of at least one of the wavefronts. In another example, a system may include multiple counter units each of which is arranged to emit such counter waves and to be disposed between the base unit and target space in an arrangement which is arranged to be similar (or identical, conforming) to at least one of the wavefronts. In yet another example, a system may include multiple counter units each of which is arranged to emit the counter waves and to be disposed on an opposite side of the target space with respect to the base unit in an arrangement which is arranged to be similar (or identical, conforming) to at least one of the wavefronts. In all of these examples, such counter units are arranged to emit the third counter waves.

[57] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may be provided in various arrangements. In one example, such a system may include at least one counter unit which is arranged to emit the counter waves, to define a shape not similar (or identical, conforming) to that of at least one of the wavefronts, and to be placed between the base unit and target space based on an arrangement which is arranged to not be similar (or identical, conforming) to that of at least one of the wavefronts. In another example, a system may include at least one counter unit which is arranged to emit such counter waves, to define a shape not similar (or identical, conforming) to that of at least one of the wavefronts, and to be disposed on an opposite side of the target space relative to the base unit in an arrangement which is arranged to not be similar (or identical, conforming) to that of at least one of the wavefronts. In both examples, such counter waves are arranged to have phase angles which are at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, to at least partially match the wavefronts of such harmful waves due to the shape in the target space and, accordingly, to counter the harmful waves due to the opposite phase angles in the target space.

[58] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may be provided in various arrangements. In one example, such a system may include at least one counter unit which is arranged to emit the counter waves and to be disposed in an arrangement enclosing therein at least a portion (or an entire portion) of such wavefronts. In another example, a system may include at least one counter unit which is arranged to emit the counter waves and to be disposed in an arrangement enclosed by at least a portion (or an entire portion) of the wavefronts. In another example, a system may include at least one counter unit which is arranged to emit the counter waves and to be disposed in a lateral (or side-by-side) arrangement relative to at least a (or an entire) portion of the wavefronts. In all of these examples, the counter units are arranged to emit the third counter waves.

[59] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may be provided in various arrangements. In one example, such a system may include at least one counter unit which is arranged to emit the counter waves while being disposed along at least one of the wavefronts in an arrangement which defines a wire, a strip, a sheet, a tube, a coil, a spiral, a mesh, a mixture thereof, a combination thereof, and/or an array thereof and being disposed between the base unit and target space. In another example, a system may include at least one counter unit which is arranged to emit the counter waves while being disposed along at least one of the wavefronts in an arrangement of a wire, a strip, a sheet, a tube, a coil, a spiral, a mesh, a mixture thereof, a combination thereof, and/or an array thereof and being disposed on an opposite side of the target space with respect to the base unit. In both examples, the counter units are arranged to emit the third counter waves.

[60] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include at least two counter units each of which is arranged to disposed in an arrangement defined on a far side of the target space with respect to the base unit and to emit the counter waves such that a sum of the counter waves individually emitted by the counter units defines the wavefronts having greater radii of curvature than the wavefronts of the individual counter waves. At least one or both of such counter units may then be arranged to emit the third counter waves.

[61] In another aspect of the present invention, an exemplary system may be provided to counter harmful electromagnetic waves irradiated from a base unit of at least one wave source with counter electromagnetic waves by matching the harmful waves along their wavefronts by the counter waves and by canceling the harmful waves in a target space by the counter waves and/or suppressing the harmful waves from propagating to the target space with the counter waves, where the base unit is arranged to include only portions of the wave source which are responsible for irradiating the harmful waves and for affecting paths of the harmful waves therethrough, while the target space is defined between the system and an user.

[62] In one exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a system may be provided in various arrangements. In one example, such a system may include a single counter unit which may be arranged to define a shape matching that of a single base unit and to emit such counter waves. In another example, a system may include multiple counter units which are arranged to define an overall shape matching that of a single base unit and to emit the counter waves. In both example, the counter waves are arranged to define phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, to at least partially match the wavefronts of the harmful waves due to the shapes in the target space and, therefore, to counter the harmful waves due to the opposite phase angles in the target space.

[63] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may be provided in various arrangements. In one example, a system may include a single counter unit which is arranged to define a shape matching an overall shape and/or arrangement of at least one but not all of multiple base units and to emit the counter waves. In another example, a system may include a single counter unit which is arranged to define a shape matching an overall shape and/or an overall arrangement of all of multiple base units and to emit such counter waves. In another example, a system may include multiple counter units which are arranged to define an overall shape which matches an overall shape and/or an overall arrangement of at least one but not all of multiple base units, and to emit the counter waves. In another example, a system may include multiple counter units which are arranged to define an overall shape which matches an overall shape and/or arrangement of all of multiple base units and to emit the counter waves. In all of these examples, the counter waves are further arranged to have phase angles at least partially opposite to those of such harmful waves, to at least partially match the wavefronts of such harmful waves due to such a shape and/or arrangement in the target space and, accordingly, to counter the harmful waves due to the opposite phase angles in the target space.

[64] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may be provided in various arrangements. In one example, a system may include a single counter unit which is arranged to define a preset shape, to be disposed based on a preset arrangement with respect to a single base unit, and to emit the counter waves, where such a shape and/or arrangement may then be arranged to match at least one of such wavefronts. In another example, a system may include multiple counter units which are arranged to define a preset overall shape, to be placed in a preset arrangement with respect to multiple base units, and to emit such counter waves, where the shape and/or arrangement may be arranged to match at least one of the wavefronts. In both examples, the counter waves are arranged to have wavefronts similar (or identical) to such a shape and/or arrangement, to have phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves while matching their wavefronts with those of the harmful waves in the target space and, accordingly, to counter the harmful waves due to the opposite phase angles in the target space.

[65] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may be provided in various arrangements. In one example, a system may include a single counter unit shaped, sized, and disposed to emit the counter waves matching at least one of such wavefronts of the harmful waves from a single base unit. In another example, such a system may include multiple counter units which are shaped, sized, and disposed to emit such counter waves a sum of which is arranged to match at least one of the wavefronts of the harmful waves emitted by a single base unit. In another example, a system may have a single counter unit which also is shaped, sized, and disposed to emit the counter waves matching at least one of such wavefronts of a sum of the harmful waves irradiated by multiple base units of multiple sources. In another example, a system may include multiple counter units which are shaped, sized, and disposed to emit the counter waves matching at least one of such wavefronts of a sum of the harmful waves irradiated from multiple base units of multiple sources. In all examples, the counter waves are arranged to form wavefronts which are similar (or identical) to such a shape, size, and/or disposition of the counter unit, to have phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the sum of the harmful waves while matching the wavefronts in the target space and, accordingly, to counter the harmful waves due to the opposite phase angles therein.

[66] In another aspect of the present invention, an exemplary system may be provided to counter harmful electromagnetic waves irradiated from a base unit of at least one wave source with counter electromagnetic waves emitted by another part of the system and by canceling the harmful waves in a target space and/or suppressing the harmful waves by the counter waves from propagating to the target space, where the base unit is arranged to include only portions of the wave source which are responsible for irradiating the harmful waves and affecting paths of the harmful waves therethrough, where the harmful waves are arranged to propagate while defining multiple wavefronts, and where the target space is formed between the system and an user.

[67] In one exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include at least one counter unit which is arranged to define a preset shape and/or size, to be disposed in an arrangement defined along at least a portion of at least one of the wavefronts, and then to emit the counter waves propagating along the wavefronts in the target space, where the counter waves may be arranged to define phase angles at least partially opposite to those of such harmful waves while matching at least one of the wavefronts of the harmful waves and, therefore, to counter the harmful waves due to the opposite phase angles in the target space.

[68] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may be provided in various arrangements. In one example, a system may include multiple counter units each of which is arranged to define a preset shape and size and which are arranged to be disposed in an arrangement defined along at least a portion of at least one of the wavefronts and then to emit the counter waves propagating along the wavefronts in the target space. In another example, such a system may have multiple counter units each of which is arranged to define a preset shape and/or size and which are arranged to be disposed in an arrangement not conforming to any of such wavefronts but to emit the counter waves propagating along the wavefronts in the target space. In both examples, a sum of the counter waves which are emitted by at least two of the counter units may be arranged to have phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves while matching the wavefronts of the harmful waves and, therefore, to counter the harmful waves due to the opposite phase angles in the target space.

[69] In another aspect of the present invention, an exemplary speaker system may be provided to include at least one speaker with multiple base units irradiating harmful electromagnetic waves when electric currents flows therein and to be capable of countering the harmful waves by canceling such harmful waves in a target space and/ or suppressing the harmful waves from propagating toward the target space, where the base units are arranged to include only portions of the speaker responsible for irradiating the harmful waves and affecting paths of the harmful waves therethrough and where the target space is defined between an user and the system.

[70] In one exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include at least one cone, at least one voice coil, at least one permanent magnet, and at least one counter unit. The cone is arranged to define at least two ends, while the voice coil is arranged to form or include at least one electromagnet formed around one of the ends of the cone, to flow therein a source signal, to serve as one of such base units, and to emit such harmful waves while defining therearound dynamic magnetic fields and serving as one of the base units in response to the source signal. The permanent magnet is arranged to form static dynamic fields therearound, to magnetically couple with the voice coil, and to serve as another of such base units for transmitting the harmful waves therethrough. An interaction between such static and dynamic magnetic fields is then arranged to vibrate the cone and to generate audible sound in response to the source signal. In one example, the counter unit is arranged to define a shape identical (or similar) to the voice coil and/or magnet, and then to emit counter electromagnetic waves defining phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, defining wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of the harmful waves due to the shape and, therefore, countering the harmful waves based upon the opposite phase angles in the target space. In another example, the counter unit is arranged to be disposed in an arrangement defined along at least one of multiple wavefronts of the harmful waves formed by the voice coil and permanent magnet and to emit counter electromagnetic waves defining phase angles which are at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, defining wave characteristics which are also at least partially similar to those of the harmful waves due to the arrangement and, accordingly, countering the harmful waves due to the opposite phase angles in the target space. [71] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include at least one diaphragm, at least two grids, and at least one counter unit. Such a diaphragm is arranged to be electrically charged and to define static electric fields therearound while serving as one of such base units when vibrating. Such grids are arranged to be disposed on opposite sides of the diaphragm, to flow therein a source signal while forming therebetween dynamic electric fields as a response to the source signal, to vibrate the diaphragm while generating audible sound due to an interaction between the static and dynamic electric fields, and to emit the harmful waves in response to the source signal while serving as another of the base units. In one example, such a counter unit is arranged to define a shape identical (or similar) to the diaphragm and/or grids and to emit counter electromagnetic waves having phase angles which are at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, having wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of the harmful waves due to the shape and, therefore, countering the harmful waves based upon the opposite phase angles in the target space. In another example, the counter unit is arranged to be disposed in an arrangement defined along at least one of multiple wavefronts of the harmful waves defined by the diaphragm and/or grids, and to emit counter electromagnetic waves having phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, defining wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of the harmful waves based on such an arrangement and, accordingly, countering the harmful waves due to the opposite phase angles in the target space.

[72] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include at least one piezoelectric plate, at least two electrodes, at least one counter unit, and so on. The piezoelectric plate is arranged to convert source voltage into vibration thereof while functioning as one of the base units when vibrating, whereas the electrodes are arranged to be electrically coupled to opposite sides of the piezoelectric plate, to apply such source voltage across such a plate, and then to vibrate along with the plate in response to the source voltage while emitting such harmful waves as a response to the source signal while functioning as another of the base units. In one example, the counter unit may be arranged to define a shape identical (or similar) to the piezoelectric plate and/or electrodes and to emit counter electromagnetic waves which define phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, which define wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of the harmful waves due to the shape and, therefore, which counter the harmful waves due to the opposite phase angles in the target space. In another example, the counter unit is disposed in an arrangement along at least one of multiple wavefronts of the harmful waves defined by at least one of the piezoelectric plate and electrodes, and to emit counter electromagnetic waves having phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, defining wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of the harmful waves due to the arrangement and, accordingly, countering the harmful waves due to the opposite phase angles in the target space.

[73] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include at least one body, the speaker, and at least one counter unit. Such a body is arranged to be disposed over an ear of the user and/or into an ear canal thereof, while the speaker is arranged to be supported by the body and to include the base units for emitting the harmful waves. In one example, the counter unit is arranged to define a shape identical (or similar) to at least one of the base units of the speaker and to emit counter electromagnetic waves defining phase angles at least partially opposite to those of such harmful waves, having wave characteristics which are at least partially similar to those of the harmful waves due to the shape and, accordingly, countering such harmful waves due to the opposite phase angles in the target space. In another example, the counter unit is instead arranged to be disposed in an arrangement defined along at least one of multiple wavefronts of the harmful waves formed by the base units, and to emit counter electromagnetic waves which define phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, defining wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of the harmful waves due to the arrangement and, accordingly, countering the harmful waves due to the opposite phase angles in the target space.

[74] In another aspect of the present invention, a communication system may be provided to include multiple base units irradiating harmful electromagnetic waves and to be also capable of countering the harmful waves by canceling the waves in a target space and/ or suppressing the harmful waves from propagating toward the target space, where such base units are arranged to include only portions of the system responsible for irradiating the harmful waves and affecting paths of such harmful waves therethrough and where the target space is defined between an user and system.

[75] In one exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a system may have a main body, a handset, at least one input module, at least one output module, and at least one counter unit. The handset is arranged to electrically connected to the main body by wire, while the input module is arranged to be disposed in the handset, to have at least one microphone serving as one of the base units, and then to convert an audible sound of the user into an output signal. Such an output module is arranged to be disposed in the handset, to have at least one speaker serving as another of the base units, and to convert an external source signal into audible sound while irradiating the harmful waves from the base unit. In one example, the counter unit is arranged to be disposed inside the handset, to define a shape identical (or similar) to at least one of the base units of the input and/or output modules, and then to emit counter electromagnetic waves which define phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, which include wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of the harmful waves due to the shape and, thus, which counter the harmful waves due to the opposite phase angles in the target space. In another example, the counter unit is arranged to be disposed in an arrangement formed along at least one of multiple wavefronts of the harmful waves formed by the base units of the output module, and to emit counter electromagnetic waves defining phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, defining wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of the harmful waves due to the arrangement and, accordingly, countering the harmful waves due to the opposite phase angles in the target space.

[76] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a system may include a handset, at least one input module, at least one transmitting module, at least one receiving module, at least one output module, and at least one counter unit. The input module is arranged to be disposed in the handset, to include at least one microphone serving as one of such base units, and to convert an audible sound of the user into an output signal, while the transmitting module is arranged to wirelessly transmit the output signal. Such a receiving module is arranged to wirelessly receive a source signal, and the output module is arranged to be disposed in the handset, to have at least one speaker serving as another of the base units, and then to convert the source signal into audible sound while irradiating the harmful waves from the base unit. In one example, the counter unit is arranged to be disposed in the handset, to also define a shape identical to (or similar to) at least one of the base units of the input and/or output modules, and then to emit counter electromagnetic waves defining phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, defining wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of the harmful waves due to the shape and, therefore, countering the harmful waves due to the opposite phase angles in the target space. In another example, the counter unit is arranged to be disposed in an arrangement defined along at least one of multiple wavefronts of such harmful waves formed by the base units of the output module and then to emit counter electromagnetic waves which define phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, which also have wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of such harmful waves due to the arrangement and, accordingly, countering the harmful waves due to the opposite phase angles in the target space.

[77] In another aspect of the present invention, an exemplary system may be provided to include at least one motor including multiple base units irradiating harmful electromagnetic waves and to be also capable of countering the harmful waves by suppressing such harmful waves from propagating to a target space and/or canceling the harmful waves in the target space, where such base units include only portions of the motor responsible for irradiating the harmful waves and for affecting paths of the harmful waves therethrough and where the target space is defined between an user and system.

[78] In one exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include at least one body, at least one stator, at least one rotor, and at least one counter unit. The stator includes at least one permanent magnet which is arranged to fixedly couple with the body, to generate static magnetic fields therearound, and to serve as one of the above base units while transmitting the harmful waves therethrough. The rotor has at least one electromagnet which is arranged to be movably disposed in the stator, to define dynamic magnetic fields therearound when electric current flows therein, and to rotate due to an interaction between such static and dynamic magnetic fields when the current flows therein while emitting the harmful waves and serving as another of such base units. In one example, the counter unit is arranged to define a shape identical (or similar) to the stator and/or rotor and to emit counter electromagnetic waves which define phase angles at least partially opposite to those of such harmful waves, which also have wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of the harmful waves due to the shape and, therefore, which counter the harmful waves due to the opposite phase angles in the target space. This counter unit is to be referred to as the 'counter unit of the first type' or 'first counter unit' hereinafter. In another example, the counter unit is arranged to be disposed in an arrangement formed along at least one of multiple wavefronts of the harmful waves formed by the rotor and/or stator and to emit counter electromagnetic waves defining phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, defining wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of the harmful waves due to the arrangement and, accordingly, countering the harmful waves due to the opposite phase angles in the target space. Such a counter unit is to be referred to as the 'counter unit of the second type' or 'second counter unit' hereinafter.

[79] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include at least one body, at least one stator, at least one rotor, and then at least one first counter unit or at least one second counter unit. The stator includes at least one first electromagnet which is arranged to fixedly couple to the body, to generate first dynamic magnetic fields therearound when electric current flows therein, and to serve as one of the above base units while transmitting the harmful waves. The rotor includes at least one second electromagnet which is arranged to be movably disposed in the stator, to define second dynamic magnetic fields therearound when electric current flows therein, and to rotate due to an interaction between such first and second dynamic magnetic fields when the current flows therein while emitting the harmful waves and serving as another of the base units. Therefore, such a first or second counter unit may counter the harmful waves by the counter waves. [80] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include at least one body, at least one stator, at least one rotor, and then at least one first counter unit or at least one second counter unit. Such a stator forms or includes at least one electromagnet which is arranged to fixedly couple with the body, to generate dynamic magnetic fields therearound when electric current flows therein, and to serve as one of the base units while transmitting the harmful waves. The rotor includes at least one permanent magnet which is arranged to movably couple with the stator, to define static magnetic fields therearound, and to rotate due to an interaction between the static and dynamic magnetic fields as the current flows in the stator while transmitting such harmful waves therethrough and serving as another of the base units. Therefore, such a first or second counter unit may counter the harmful waves by the counter waves.

[81] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include at least one body, at least one stator, at least one rotor, and then at least one first counter unit or at least one second counter unit. The stator has at least one electromagnet which is arranged to fixedly couple to the body, to generate dynamic magnetic fields therearound when electric current flows therein, and to serve as one of the base units while transmitting such harmful waves. The rotor includes at least one electric conductor which is arranged to movably couple with such a stator, to induce electric current in response to the dynamic magnetic fields, and to rotate due to an interaction between such dynamic magnetic fields and counterbalancing magnetic fields defined by the induced current while transmitting the harmful waves therethrough and serving as another of the base units. Therefore, such a first or second counter unit may counter the harmful waves by the counter waves.

[82]

[83] *In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include at least one body, at least one stator, at least one rotor, and then at least one first counter unit or at least one second counter unit. The stator includes or forms at least one electromagnet which is arranged to be fixedly coupled to the body, to generate dynamic magnetic fields therearound as electric current flows therein, and to serve as one of the base units while transmitting the harmful waves. The rotor has at least one permanent magnet which is arranged to movably couple to the stator, to form static magnetic fields therearound, and then to linearly translate due to an interaction between the static and dynamic magnetic fields as the current flows in the stator while transmitting such harmful waves therethrough and serving as another of the base units. Therefore, such a first or second counter unit may counter the harmful waves by the counter waves.

[84] In another aspect of the present invention, a system may be fabricated to include multiple base units emitting harmful electromagnetic waves and to counter the harmful waves irradiated from such base units by suppressing the harmful waves from propagating to a target space and/or canceling the harmful waves in the target space, where the base units are arranged to include only portions of the system responsible for irradiating the harmful waves and for affecting paths of such harmful waves therethrough and where the target space is also defined between an user and system.

[85] In one exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a system may have a main body, at least one electric motor, at least one shaft, and then at least one first counter unit or at least one second counter unit. Such an electric motor is arranged to be supported by the body, to include at least one rotor and at least one stator both serving as the base units, and to rotate (or translate) the rotor when electric current flows therein. The shaft is arranged to be movably retained by the body, to movably couple with the rotor, and to rotate along with such a rotor while generating electromotive force. Therefore, such a first or second counter unit may counter the harmful waves by the counter waves.

[86] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a system may have a main body with at least one mesh, at least one blade, at least one electric motor, and then at least one first counter unit or at least one second counter unit. The blade is arranged to be movably disposed under the mesh and to cut hair protruding through the mesh, while the electric motor is arranged to be supported by the body, to include at least one rotor and at least one stator both serving as such base units, to be mechanically coupled to the blade, and to rotate (or translate) the blade as electric current flows therein, thereby cutting the hair. Therefore, such a first or second counter unit may counter the harmful waves by the counter waves.

[87] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may have a handle, a brush, at least one electric motor, and then at least one first (or second) counter unit. The brush is arranged to be movably disposed on one end of the handle, while the electric motor is arranged to be supported by the body, to include at least one rotor and at least one stator both serving as the base units, to mechanically couple to the brush, and to rotate (or translate) the brush when electric current flows therein. Therefore, such a first or second counter unit may counter the harmful waves by the counter waves.

[88] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include a main body, at least one fan, at least one electric motor, at least one heating unit, and then at least one first counter unit or at least one second counter unit. The main body includes an air pathway with at least one air inlet and at least one air outlet, while the fan is disposed along the air pathway. The electric motor is arranged to be supported by such a body, to include at least one rotor and at least one stator both serving as the base units, to mechanically couple with the fan, and to rotate (or translate) the fan for taking air in through the air inlet, moving the air through the air pathway, and then discharging such air through the air outlet as electric current flows therein. The heating unit is arranged to be disposed along the air pathway and to heat the air flowing through the air pathway, thereby discharging heated air from the air outlet to one of hair of the user and cloth stored in the body. Therefore, such a first or second counter unit may counter the harmful waves by the counter waves.

[89] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include a main body, a chamber, at least one fan, at least one electric motor, and then at least one first counter unit or at least one second counter unit. The main body includes an air pathway with at least one air inlet and at least one air outlet, the chamber is arranged to be disposed along the pathway, and the fan is disposed along the air pathway. The electric motor is arranged to be supported by the body, to have at least one rotor and at least one stator both serving as the base units, to be mechanically coupled to the fan, to rotate the fan for taking air in through the air inlet, moving such air through the air pathway while creating vacuum inside the chamber, and discharging the air through the air outlet when electric current flows therein, and to collect undesirable particles in the chamber. Accordingly, such a first or second counter unit may counter the harmful waves by the counter waves.

[90] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include a main body, at least one applicator, at least one electric motor, and then at least one first counter unit or at least one second counter unit. The applicator is arranged to movably couple with the body, while the electric motor is arranged to be supported by the body, to have therein at least one rotor and at least one stator both of which serve as the base units, to be mechanically coupled to the applicator, and to rotate (or translate) the applicator as electric current flows therein. Therefore, such a first or second counter unit may counter the harmful waves by the counter waves. Such a system is arranged to be used as an electric can opener where the applicator is arranged to hold and rotate a can, an electric drill including a shaft where the applicator is arranged to angularly rotate the shaft, an electric screw driver with a shaft where the applicator is arranged to rotate the shaft, a sander with a shaft where the applicator is arranged to move (or translate) the shaft, a dish washer where the motor is arranged to transport water from one to another location inside the body and where the applicator is arranged to squirt (or spray) the water in the body, a cloth washer where the applicator is arranged to rotate at least one of the shaft and at least a portion of the body, and the like.

[91] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include a main body, at least one electric motor, at least one compressor, and then at least one first counter unit or at least one second counter unit. The main body includes at least one chamber, and the electric motor is arranged to be supported by the body, to have at least one rotor and at least one stator both of which serve as the base units, to be mechanically coupled to the applicator, and to rotate (or translate) such an applicator when electric current flows therein. The compressor is arranged to compress and then expand at least one gas while generating cold air and supplying the cold air into or out of the chamber. Therefore, such a first or second counter unit may counter the harmful waves by the counter waves. Such a system is arranged to be used as a refrigerator, a cooler, a freezer, and/or an air conditioner each capable of generating the cold air.

[92] In another aspect of the present invention, an exemplary generating system may be fabricated to include multiple base units emitting harmful electromagnetic waves while generating AC and/or DC electricity and to also counter the harmful waves irradiated by the base units by canceling the harmful waves in a target space and/or suppressing the harmful waves from propagating to the target space, where the base units are arranged to include only portions of the system responsible for irradiating the harmful waves and for affecting paths of the harmful waves therethrough and where the target space is defined between an user and system.

[93] In one exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a system may have at least one body, at least one stator, at least one rotor, and then at least one first counter unit or at least one second counter unit. Such a stator is arranged to couple with the body and to generate first magnetic fields therearound, while the rotor is arranged to be movably coupled to the body, to generate second magnetic fields therearound, to rotate in response to external force, and to generate such electricity in response to the force due to an interaction between the first and second magnetic fields. Therefore, such a first or second counter unit may counter the harmful waves by the counter waves.

[94] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include at least one body of an automobile or aircraft, at least one stator, at least one rotor and then at least one first counter unit or at least one second counter unit. The stator is arranged to be disposed inside such an automobile or aircraft and to generate first magnetic fields therearound, while the rotor is arranged to movably couple with the stator, to generate second magnetic fields therearound, to rotate in response to external force, and to generate electricity in response to such force due to an interaction between the first and second magnetic fields. Therefore, such a first or second counter unit may counter the harmful waves by the counter waves.

[95] In another aspect of the present invention, an exemplary system may be provided to include at least one coil of conductive wire irradiating harmful electromagnetic waves as electric current flows therein and to counter the harmful waves irradiated from the coil by suppressing such harmful waves from propagating to a target space and/or canceling the harmful waves in the target space, where the base units are arranged to include only portions of the system responsible for irradiating such harmful waves and affecting paths of the harmful waves therethrough and where the target space is defined between an user and system.

[96] In one exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include at least one insert, the coil, and then at least one first counter unit or at least one second counter unit. The insert is arranged to include at least one ferromagnetic, paramagnetic material, and/or ferrimagnetic material therein, while the coil is arranged to be wound along a preset portion of the insert in a preset direction and in a preset number of turns and to emit the harmful waves when the current flows therein. In one example, such a counter unit is arranged to define a shape identical (or similar) to the coil and to emit counter electromagnetic waves which define phase angles at least partially opposite to those of such harmful waves, which also have wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of the harmful waves due to the shape and, therefore, which counter the harmful waves due to the opposite phase angles in the target space. In another example, the counter unit is instead arranged to be disposed in an arrangement formed along at least one of multiple wavefronts of the harmful waves formed by the coil and to emit counter electromagnetic waves which define phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, which have wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of the harmful waves due to the arrangement and, accordingly, which counter the harmful waves due to the opposite phase angles in the target space.

[97] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include at least one insert, at least two coils, and at least one counter unit. The insert is arranged to include therein at least one ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, and/or diamagnetic material and to define thereon at least two sides. One of the coils is arranged to be wound around a first side of the insert in a preset direction and in a preset number of turns, another of the coils is arranged to be wound around a second side of the insert in another preset direction and in another preset number of turns, and both of such coils are arranged to be spaced away from each other and to emit the harmful waves as the current flows therein. In one example, the counter unit is arranged to define a shape identical (or similar) to at least one of the coils and to emit counter electromagnetic waves which have phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, which include wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of the harmful waves due to the shape and, therefore, which counter such harmful waves due to the opposite phase angles in the target space. This counter unit is to be referred to as the 'counter unit of the third type' or 'third counter unit' hereinafter. In another example, the counter unit is further arranged to be disposed in an arrangement formed along at least one of multiple wavefronts of such harmful waves formed by the coils and to emit counter electromagnetic waves defining phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, having wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of the harmful waves due to the arrangement and, accordingly, countering the harmful waves due to the opposite phase angles in the target space. Such a counter unit is to be referred to as the 'counter unit of the fourth type' or 'fourth counter unit' hereinafter.

[98] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include a body, at least one insert, at least two coils, and at least one third counter unit or at least one fourth counter unit. The body is arranged to terminate in at least two electric couplers one of which couples with a source of electricity and another of which couples with an electric device. The insert is arranged to be disposed in the body and to include at least one ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, and/or ferrimagnetic material and to define at least two sides thereon. One of the coils is arranged to be wound around a first side of the insert in a preset direction and in a preset number of turns, another of the coils is then arranged to be wound around a second side of the insert along another preset direction as well as in another preset number of turns, and both of such coils are arranged to be spaced away from each other and to emit the harmful waves as the current flows therein. Accordingly, such a third or fourth counter unit may counter the harmful waves by the counter waves.

[99] In another aspect of the present invention, a wave emitting system may be provided to include at least one base unit irradiating harmful electromagnetic waves and to counter the harmful waves by suppressing the harmful waves from propagating toward a target space and/or canceling the harmful waves in the target space, where such a base unit is arranged to include only portions of the system responsible for irradiating the harmful waves and affecting paths of the harmful waves therethrough and where the target space is defined between an user and system.

[100] In one exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may have a main body, at least one emitting unit, and at least one counter unit. The emitting unit is arranged to be retained in or inside such a body and to emit visible light waves while serving as the base unit for irradiating the harmful waves when electric current flows therein, where at least a portion of such an emitting unit is arranged to be exposed through the body for propagating such light waves to an exterior of the body. In one example, the counter unit is arranged to define a shape identical (or similar) to the emitting unit and to emit counter electromagnetic waves defining phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, defining wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of such harmful waves due to the shape and, accordingly, countering such harmful waves due to the opposite phase angles in the target space. This counter unit is to be referred to as the 'counter unit of the fifth type' or 'fifth counter unit' hereinafter. In another example, the counter unit is arranged to be disposed in an arrangement defined along at least one of multiple wavefronts of the harmful waves formed by the emitting unit and to emit counter electromagnetic waves having phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, defining wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of such harmful waves due to the arrangement and, accordingly, countering such harmful waves due to the opposite phase angles in the target space. This counter unit is to be referred to as the 'counter unit of the sixth type' or 'sixth counter unit' hereinafter.

[101] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include a main body, at least one emitting unit, and then at least one fifth (or sixth) counter unit. Such an emitting unit may correspond to a cathode ray tube, a light emitting diode, an organic light emitting diode, and/or a plasma display panel and may be arranged to be supported by the body and to emit visible light waves while serving as the base unit for irradiating such harmful waves as electric current flows therein. At least a portion of the emitting unit is also arranged to be exposed through the body for propagating the light waves to an exterior of the body. Accordingly, such a fifth or sixth counter unit may counter the harmful waves by the counter waves.

[102] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include a main body, at least one emitting unit, and at least one fifth (or sixth) counter unit. The emitting unit includes at least one magnetron and at least one wave guide. The magnetron is arranged to generate therein micro waves, while the wave guide is arranged to guide the micro waves therethrough, where such a magnetron and/or wave guide may be arranged to serve as the base unit for irradiating the harmful waves. Accordingly, such a fifth or sixth counter unit may counter the harmful waves by the counter waves.

[103] In another aspect of the present invention, an exemplary heating system may be fabricated to include at least one base unit irradiating harmful electromagnetic waves and to counter such harmful waves by canceling the harmful waves in a target space and/or suppressing the harmful waves from propagating toward the target space, where the base unit is arranged to include only portions of such a system responsible for irradiating the harmful waves and also affecting paths of the harmful waves therethrough and where the target space is defined between an user and system.

[104] In one exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may have a main body, at least one heating unit, and at least one counter unit. The heating unit is arranged to be supported by the body and to irradiate heat waves (or waves of infrared ray) while serving as the base unit for irradiating the harmful waves when electric current flows therein. Such a heating unit is arranged to include at least one straight resistive wire and/or coiled resistive wire and at least a portion of such a heating unit is arranged to be exposed through the body for propagating the heat waves to an exterior of the body. In one example, the counter unit is arranged to define a shape identical (or similar) to the heating unit, and then to emit counter electromagnetic waves defining phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, having wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of the harmful waves due to the shape and, accordingly, countering such harmful waves due to the opposite phase angles in the target space. Thus counter unit is to be referred to as the 'counter unit of the seventh type' or 'seventh counter unit' hereinafter. In another example, such a counter unit is arranged to be disposed in an arrangement defined along at least one of multiple wavefronts of such harmful waves formed by the heating unit and to emit counter electromagnetic waves defining phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, having wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of the harmful waves due to the arrangement and, accordingly, countering the harmful waves due to the opposite phase angles in such a target space. Such a counter unit is to be referred to as the 'counter unit of the eighth type' or 'eighth counter unit' hereinafter.

[105] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include a main body, at least one heating unit, and then at least one seventh (or eighth) counter unit. The main body is arranged to be formed as an electric blanket, an electric mat (or mattress), an electric heating pad, a hair setter or a hair curler, and to physically contact at least a part of user during use. Such a heating unit is arranged to be retained in the body, to generate heat, and to deliver the heat to the user by heat conduction while serving as the base unit for irradiating such harmful waves as electric current flows therein, where the heating unit is arranged to have at least one straight resistive wire and/or at least one coiled resistive wire. Accordingly, such a seventh or eighth counter unit may counter the harmful waves by the counter waves.

[106] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include a main body, at least one heating unit, at least one actuator, and at least one seventh (or eighth) counter unit. The main body is arranged to be formed as a hair dryer or a convection heater and to include at least one air pathway with at least one air inlet and at least one air outlet. Such a heating unit is arranged to be disposed along the air pathway and to heat air in the air pathway while serving as the base unit and irradiating such harmful waves when electric current flows therein. The actuator is arranged to fluidly couple with the pathway and to discharge the heated air through the air outlet. Therefore, such a seventh or eighth counter unit may counter the harmful waves by the counter waves. [107] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may include a main body, at least one heating unit, and then at least one seventh (or eighth) counter unit. The main body is arranged to form an area on which (or a chamber in which) food is to be disposed for cooking. The heating unit is arranged to include at least one straight resistive wire and/or a coiled resistive wire, to be mechanically supported by or on the body, to be exposed through at least a portion of the area (or thermally coupled to at least a portion of the chamber), to generate heat while serving as the base unit and irradiating such harmful waves when electric current flows therein, and to deliver the heat to the food. Accordingly, the seventh or eighth counter unit may counter the harmful waves by the counter waves.

[108]

[109] *Embodiments of such system aspects of the present invention may include one or more of the following features, and configurational and/or operational variations and/ or modifications of the above systems also fall within the scope of the present invention.

[110] At least a portion (or an entire portion) of such a base unit may be exposed through the wave source or the base unit may be disposed inside the wave source, where the base unit may include a conductive wire, sheet, and/or plate of the system. Such a system may be any electric devices including at least one coil of an electric conductor, where the device including the coil may be an electromagnet, a solenoid, a toroid, a speaker, a motor, a generator, a transformer, and the like. The base unit of such a device may include the coil, an insert made of at least one ferromagnetic material, any parts of the device in which unsteady current flows, any parts of the device across which unsteady voltage applies, and the like.

[Ill] The system may be any electric devices including at least one speaker capable of converting acoustic sounds into electric and/or optical signals, where examples of such devices may include, but not be limited to earphones, headphones, handsets or main bodies of phones, mobile phones, and the like. Such a speaker may include a cone- drive speaker, electrostatic speaker, piezoelectric speaker, and the like, and the base unit of the speaker may include the coil, a permanent magnet, a piezoelectric unit, an electrode, any parts of the device in which unsteady current flows, any parts of the device in or across which unsteady voltage applies, and the like. The device with the speaker may include at least two identical (or similar, different) speakers enclosed inside a single case member, at least two identical (or similar, different) speakers separately enclosed inside different case members, a pair of earphones, a pair of headphones, an assembly of at least one speaker and at least one microphone, and the like. Such signals may be electrical signals, optical signals, magnetic signals, and the like. [112] The system may be any electric devices including at least one mechanism which may convert electric and/or optical signals into acoustic sounds, where examples of such devices may include, but not be limited to, microphones, where such signals may be electrical signals, optical signals, magnetic signals, and the like. The system may be any electric devices which may include therein at least one motor for generating mechanical energy from electrical energy. Such a motor may include a DC motor including a stator which is made of a permanent magnet and a rotor which includes an electromagnet, an universal motor including a stator made of an electromagnet and a rotor made of an electromagnet, a synchronous AC motor including a stator which is made of an electromagnet and a rotor made of a permanent magnet, an induction AC motor including a stator which is made of an electromagnet and a rotor made of an electric conductor, a linear motor including a stator made of an electromagnet and a rotor made of a permanent magnet, and the like. Such a base unit may include the rotor, the stator, a permanent magnet, any part of the device along which unsteady current flows, any part of the device across which unsteady voltage applies, and the like. Such a device having the motor may include any kitchen appliances examples of which may include, but not be limited to, a food processor, a mixer, a can opener, an electric grill (or oven, range) having a fan, a dish washer, a refrigerator, a freezer, a cooler, and the like. The device with the motor may be household appliances examples of which may include, but not be limited to, a washer, a dryer, an air conditioner, a dry (or wet) vacuum cleaner, and the like. The device with the motor may be tools including an electric drill, a screwdriver, a nail gun, a stapler, a sander, and so on. The device including such a motor may be personal hygiene appliances including a razor, an electric toothbrush, a hair dryer, and the like. The system may be any electric devices which may include at least one generator capable of generating electrical energy from mechanical energy. The device with the generator may include an AC generator, a DC generator, an alternator of an automobile, and the like. The base unit of the device may be an electromagnet, a permanent magnet, any parts of the device along which unsteady current flows, any parts of the device across which unsteady voltage applies, and the like.

[113] The system may be any electric devices which may include at least one transformer capable of increasing or decreasing electric voltage from a source. The device with the transformer may be a step-up transformer, a step-down transformer, an adaptor for changing voltage for an electric device, and the like. The base unit of such a device may also include the coil, an insert made of at least one ferromagnetic material, any parts of the device along which unsteady current flows, any parts of the device across which unsteady voltage applies, and the like.

[114] The system may be any electric devices which may include at least one heating unit capable of generating thermal energy from electrical energy. The heating unit may include a straight heating wire, a coiled heating wire, the coiled wire in a shape of the solenoid, the coiled wire in a shape of the toroid, and the like. The base unit of such a device may be the coil, a support which includes at least one ferromagnetic material, any parts of the device in which unsteady current flows, any parts of the device across which unsteady voltage applies, and the like. The device with the heating unit may be any personal heating appliances including an electric heating mattress, an electric heating blanket, an electric heating pad, and the like. The device with the heating unit may be cooking appliances such as an electric grill (or oven, range), a toaster oven, and the like. The device with the heating unit may be hair treating appliances including a hair dryer, a hair setter, a hair curler, a hair steamer, and the like.

[115] Such a system may be any electric devices including at least one light emitting unit. The device with the light emitting unit may include a CRT, a LED, an OLED, a PDP, and the like. The system may be any electric devices including at least one wave emitting units. The device with the wave emitting unit may include a microwave oven, a radar, and the like.

[116] The harmful waves may include carrier-frequency waves having frequencies less than from about 50 Hz to 60 Hz, extremely low-frequency waves of frequencies less than 300 Hz, and the like, and the counter waves may have similar frequencies. Alternatively, the harmful waves may include ultra low-frequency waves defining frequencies less than 3 kHz, very low-frequency waves having frequencies less than 30 kHz, low-frequency waves having frequencies less than 300 kHz, and the like, and the counter waves may have similar frequencies. The target space may be formed on one side of the counter and base units, about a preset angle about the counter unit, between the counter and base units, and the like. When desirable, the harmful waves may define the frequencies greater than 300 kHz, 1 MHz, 10 MHz, 100 MHz, 1 GHz, 10 GHz, 100 GHz, 1 THz, and the like.

[117] The countering may include the above canceling and/or suppressing. Such a counter unit may include an electric conductor along which the current may flow, an electric conductor and/or insulator across which the voltage may be applied, and the like. The counter unit may be disposed side by side with (or with respect to) the base unit, may wind about a preset portion of the base unit, may instead be disposed in a concentric arrangement with respect to the base unit, may be disposed axially with respect to the base unit, and the like. Such a counter unit may be retained by at least one support and maintain its shape or may change a shape thereof while emitting the counter waves. The counter unit may include at least one ferromagnetic insert disposed therethrough.

[118] The shape of the counter unit may be determined based upon whether the counter unit may be arranged to match the shape of the base unit or to match the (shapes of) harmful waves. The shape of the counter unit may be identical to, similar to or different from that of the base unit and/or source. Such a counter unit may define a shape of the wire, strip, sheet, tube, coil, spiral, mesh, mixture of at least one of the shapes, combination thereof, array thereof, and the like. The array may have a shape of a bundle, a braid, a coil, a mesh, and the like. The shape of the counter unit may (or not) conform to that of the base unit and/or source. The counter unit may form the 1-D, 2-D, and/or 3-D analogs of the base units and/or source, may define only one of such analogs of the base units and/or source, may define at least two of the analogs of the base units and/or source, may define only one of the analogs of the base units and/or source, may instead form at least two of the analogs of the base units and/or source, and the like. The analog may be arranged to maintain a similarity with such base units and/or source. The analogs may be arranged to maintain a similarity with such base units and/or source. At least two portions of the counter unit and/or at least two counter units may define the same shape of different sizes, different shapes of similar or different sizes, and the like. The counter unit may have at least substantially uniform shape and/or size along at least a substantial portion thereof along its longitudinal axis, may have the shape and/or size varying along the portion and/or axis, and the like. The size of the counter unit may (or not) conform to that of the base unit and/or source. Such counter units may be disposed in the arrangement identical to, similar to or different from that of such a base unit and/or source. The counter units may be disposed in an arrangement conforming (or not) to that of the base unit and/or source. The counter units may further be disposed in a symmetric (or asymmetric) arrangement with respect to each other or with respect to the base units and/or source. The counter unit may be aligned with (or misaligned from) the direction of propagation of the harmful waves, the direction of the current and/or voltage, the longitudinal axis of the base unit or source, the short axis of the base unit or source, and the like. All of, only some of, one of or none of the counter units may be aligned with (or misaligned from) at least one of the directions and/or axes. The counter and base units may also be disposed at identical (or similar) distances from the target space. At least a portion of the counter and/or base units may be disposed in another of the units or, alternatively, the counter and base units may be axially disposed along a single common axis of the units, and the like. Such counter units may be disposed angularly around the longitudinal axis of the base unit or source. The counter unit may be movably or sta- tionarily disposed closer (or farther from) such a target space than the base unit (or source). The counter and base units may be disposed on the same side of the target space or, in the alternative, such counter and base units may be disposed on opposite sides of the target space. The counter unit may conform to the base unit (or units) or, in the alternative, such counter units may conform to the base unit (or units), and the like. [120] The counter unit may be disposed on an exterior, disposed on an interior, and/or embedded in the base unit and/or source. The counter unit may be disposed on, in or inside a case member of the system. Such counter and base units may be made of and/ or include at least one common material, may be made of and/or include identical materials, may not include any common material. The counter and base units may be separated from each other by a preset distance, may be mechanically coupled to each other, may form an unitary article, and the like. The counter unit may be directly coupled to the case member, base unit, and/or other parts of the system, may be indirectly coupled thereto through at least one coupler, and the like. The counter unit may be arranged to emit the counter waves with a least amount of material, while consuming a least amount of the current and/or voltage, and the like.

[121] The base unit may be supplied with source current and/or voltage, where the source current or voltage may be supplied to the counter unit as counter current or voltage, where only a portion of the source current or voltage may be supplied to the counter unit as the counter current or voltage, where amplitude and/or direction of at least a portion of the source current or voltage may be altered and supplied to the counter unit as the counter current or voltage, where external current or voltage may be formed, synchronized with the source current or voltage, and supplied to the counter unit as the counter current or voltage, and the like. The counter units may be supplied with identical counter currents or voltages, with different counter currents or voltages, and the like. The counter and base units may also be electrically coupled to each other in a series mode, in a parallel mode or in a hybrid mode or, alternatively, may not be directly coupled to each other. The counter units may be electrically coupled to each other in a series mode, in a parallel mode or in a hybrid mode or, alternatively, may not be directly coupled to each other. All (or only some) of the counter units may electrically couple with the base unit in the same mode or, alternatively, none of the counter units may be electrically coupled to the base unit in the same mode. The counter waves may define amplitudes greater than, similar to or less than those of the harmful waves depending on the disposition thereof with respect to the base unit. The counter and base units may also define substantially identical, similar or different resonance frequencies or, alternatively, may define identical, similar or different resonance frequencies. At least a portion of the counter unit and/or at least one of the counter units may have resonance frequencies different from those of the rest thereof.

[122] Such a system may also include at least one of the magnetic shields described hereinabove or in the co-pending Applications. Such magnetic shields may be disposed in, on, over, around, inside or through at least one of the counter and/or base units. The magnetic shields may define shapes which may at least partially conform to the shapes of the counter and/or base units or, in the alternative, may define shapes which may be at least partially different from shapes of the counter and/or base units. The magnetic shield may have at least one path member with a relative magnetic permeability greater than 1,000, 10,000, 100,000, 1,000,000, and the like. Such a magnetic shield may include at least one magnet member defining at least one South pole. The magnetic shield may include at least one shunt member which may be directly or indirectly coupled to the magnet member. Such a shunt member may have the relative magnetic permeability which may be greater than 1,000, 10,000, 100,000, 1,000,000, and the like. The magnetic shield described hereinabove or disclosed in the co-pending Applications may be incorporated into any of the devices described hereinabove.

[123] The system may include at least one of the electric shields described hereinabove or in the co-pending Applications. Such electric shields described hereinabove and/or disclosed in the co-pending Applications may be included into any of the devices described hereinabove. Such magnetic and/or electric shields may form shapes and/or sizes which may be maintained uniform along the longitudinal axis of the counter and/ or base units or which may vary therealong. The shapes and/or sizes of the magnetic and/or electric shields may be identical to, similar to or different from those of such counter and/or base units. The system may include multiple magnetic and/or electric shields. At least two of the magnetic and/or electric shields may shield against the magnetic waves and/or electric waves of the harmful waves with same or different frequencies in the same or different extents. The magnetic and/or electric shields may be disposed over at least a portion (or entire portion) of the counter and/or base units.

[124] In another aspect of the present invention, a method may be provided for countering harmful electromagnetic waves irradiated from at least one base unit of at least one wave source by emitting counter electromagnetic waves, by adjusting shapes of the counter waves, and by at least one of suppressing the harmful waves from propagating to a target space and canceling the harmful waves in the target space, where such a base unit is configured to include only portions of the wave source which are responsible for irradiating the harmful waves and for affecting paths of the harmful waves therethrough and where the target space is defined between the source and an user.

[125] In one exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a method may include the steps of: providing at least one counter unit (to be referred to as the 'first providing' hereinafter); extending the counter unit to be wider than the source; disposing the counter unit between the source and user while aligning its width with at least a portion of a wavefront of the harmful waves; and then emitting by the counter unit the counter waves which are similar to the harmful waves and, thus, countering the harmful waves in the target space. The above extending and disposing may be replaced by the steps of: extending the counter unit to be narrower than the wave source; and disposing the counter unit on an opposite side of the target space with respect to the wave source while aligning its width with at least a portion of a wavefront of the harmful waves.

[126] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a method may include the steps of: providing a single counter unit; emitting by the counter unit the counter waves having a first set of multiple wavefronts; identifying a second set of multiple wavefronts of the harmful waves; assessing at least one location along the second set of the wavefronts in which the first set of such wavefronts match the second set thereof in the target space; and disposing the counter unit in such a location, thereby countering the harmful waves with the counter waves in the target space.

[127] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a method may include the steps of: providing at least two counter units; emitting from such counter units the counter waves having similar (or identical) phase angles and forming a first set of multiple wavefronts each of which is a sum of at least two wavefronts generated by such at least two counter units; finding a relation between a distance between such counter units and an increase in a radius of curvature of each of the wavefronts of the first set; identifying a second set of multiple wavefronts of the harmful waves; selecting the distance between such counter units in which the first set of the wavefronts match the second set thereof; assessing at least two positions for such counter units in the second set of the wavefronts in which the first set of the wavefronts match the second set thereof; and disposing the counter units in the positions separated by the distance, thereby countering the harmful waves with the counter waves in the target space. The above emitting and finding may be replaced by the steps of: emitting by the counter units the counter waves having at least partially opposite phase angles and defining a first set of multiple wavefronts each representing a sum of at least two wavefronts which are generated by such at least two counter units; and finding a relation between a distance between the counter units and a decrease in a radius of curvature of each of the wavefronts of the first set.

[128] In another aspect of the present invention, a method may be provided for countering harmful electromagnetic waves which are irradiated from at least one base unit of at least one wave source by matching at least one feature of the base unit and then by at least one of suppressing the harmful waves from propagating toward a target space and canceling the harmful waves in the target space. The base unit is configured to include only portions of the wave source responsible for irradiating the harmful waves and also affecting paths of the harmful waves therethrough, where the target space is defined between the source and an user, and where the feature includes a shape, a size, and/or an arrangement.

[129] In one exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a method may include the steps of: the first providing; configuring the counter unit to match the feature of the base unit; emitting by the counter unit counter electromagnetic waves similar to the harmful waves due to the configuring; and then disposing the counter unit in a location for matching the harmful waves in the target space by the counter waves. The configuring may be replaced by one of the steps of: configuring the counter unit to define a configuration which is simpler than that of the base unit while at least minimally maintaining the feature; configuring the counter unit to define a configuration more complex than that of the base unit while at least minimally maintaining the feature; configuring the counter unit to define a dimension which is defined by a less number of unit axes than the base unit while at least minimally maintaining the feature; and configuring the counter unit to have a dimension defined by a greater number of unit axes than that of the base unit while at least minimally maintaining the feature.

[130] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a method may include the steps of: providing a single counter unit; configuring the counter unit to have a configuration which is simpler than that of a single base unit while maintaining the feature; emitting by such a counter unit counter electromagnetic waves similar to the harmful waves due to the configuring; and disposing the counter unit in a location for matching such harmful waves in the target space by the counter waves, thereby countering the harmful waves by the counter waves therein. The above configuring may be replaced by one of the steps of: configuring the counter unit to define a configuration which is similar (or identical) to an arrangement of multiple base units while maintaining the feature; configuring such a counter unit to have a dimension formed by less mutually orthogonal unit axes than an arrangement of multiple base units while maintaining the feature; and configuring the counter unit to have a dimension which is formed by more mutually orthogonal unit axes than a dimension of multiple base units while maintaining the feature.

[131] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a method may include the steps of: providing multiple counter units; arranging at least two of the above counter units in a configuration which is simpler than that of a single base unit while maintaining the feature; emitting by the counter units counter electromagnetic waves similar to the harmful waves due to the configuring; and disposing the counter units in locations for matching the harmful waves in the target space by the counter waves, thereby countering the harmful waves by the counter waves therein. The arranging may be replaced by one of the steps of: arranging at least two of the counter units in a configuration which is similar or identical to an arrangement of multiple base units while maintaining such a feature; arranging such counter units in an arrangement defining a dimension which is formed by less mutually orthogonal unit axes than another dimension of a single base unit while maintaining such a feature; and arranging the counter units in an arrangement with a dimension which is formed by more mutually orthogonal unit axes than a dimension of multiple base units while maintaining the feature;

[132] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a method may include the steps of: providing a smaller number of such counter units for a greater number of the base units; arranging the counter units while approximating an arrangement of the base units and maintaining the feature; emitting by the counter units counter electromagnetic waves which are similar to the harmful waves due to the disposing; and then disposing the counter unit in a location for matching the harmful waves in the target space by the counter waves, thereby countering such harmful waves with such counter waves therein. Such providing and arranging may be replaced by the steps of: providing a greater number of the counter units for a smaller number of the base units; and arranging the counter units while disposing at least two of the counter units around at least one of the base units and while maintaining the feature.

[133] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a method may have the steps of: the first providing; configuring the counter unit to move with respect to the base unit; emitting by the counter unit counter electromagnetic waves; finding a relationship between a distance from the counter unit to the base unit and an extent (or degree) of matching between the counter and harmful waves; assessing a location in which the counter waves best match the harmful waves; and moving the counter unit to the location for best matching the harmful waves in the target space by the counter waves, thereby countering the harmful waves by the counter waves therein.

[ 134] In another aspect of the present invention, a method may be provided for countering harmful electromagnetic waves irradiated from at least one base unit of at least one wave source by matching the harmful waves and by at least one of suppressing the harmful waves from propagating to a target space and canceling the harmful waves in the target space. Such a base unit is configured to include only portions of the wave source responsible for irradiating such harmful waves and affecting paths thereof therethrough, and the target space is defined between the source and an user.

[135] In one exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a method may include the steps of: identifying a first set of multiple wavefronts of the harmful waves; disposing at least one counter unit along at least one of such wavefronts; and emitting by the counter unit counter electromagnetic waves forming a second set of multiple wavefronts which are similar (or identical) to the first set of the wavefronts in the target space due to the disposing, thereby countering the harmful waves by the counter waves therein.

[136] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a method may have the steps of: identifying multiple wavefronts of the harmful waves; providing at least one counter unit for emitting counter electromagnetic waves which define multiple wavefronts similar to a shape and/or an arrangement of the counter unit; disposing the counter unit along at least one of the wavefronts of the harmful waves; and then emitting the counter waves while aligning their wavefronts with those of the harmful waves in the target space due to the providing and disposing, thereby countering the harmful waves with the counter waves therein. The above providing and disposing may also be replaced by the steps of: providing at least one counter unit for emitting counter electromagnetic waves defining multiple wavefronts different from a shape and/or an arrangement of the counter unit; and disposing the counter unit across (or along) at least two of the wavefronts of the harmful waves based on the providing.

[137] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a method may have the steps of: identifying multiple wavefronts of the harmful waves; disposing multiple counter units in an arrangement which is defined along at least one of such wavefronts; configuring the counter units to emit counter electromagnetic waves which define multiple wavefronts similar to the arrangement of the counter units; and emitting the counter waves while aligning their wavefronts with those of such harmful waves in the target space due to the configuring, thereby countering the harmful waves with the counter waves therein. The above disposing and configuring may also be replaced by the steps of: disposing multiple counter units in an arrangement across or along at least two of the wavefronts; and configuring the counter units to emit counter electromagnetic waves defining multiple wavefronts different from the arrangement of the counter units.

[138] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a method may have the steps of: the first providing; identifying multiple wavefronts of the harmful waves; emitting by such a counter unit counter electromagnetic waves having multiple wavefronts; locating the counter unit between the base unit and target space; comparing shorter radii of curvature of the wavefronts of such counter waves to longer radii of curvature of the harmful waves; and disposing the counter unit into a location in which the radii of curvature of such counter and harmful waves are configured to best match each other in the target space, thereby countering the harmful waves by the counter waves therein. Such locating and comparing may be replaced by the steps of: locating the counter unit on an opposite side of the target space with respect to the base unit; and then comparing longer radii of curvature of the wavefronts of the counter waves to shorter radii of curvature of the harmful waves.

[139] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a method may have the steps of: the first providing; configuring the counter unit to move with respect to the base unit; emitting by the counter unit counter electromagnetic waves; finding a relationship between a distance from the counter unit to the base unit and an extend (or degree) of matching between radii of curvature of the counter waves and those of the harmful waves; assessing a location where the counter waves best match the harmful waves; and moving the counter unit to the location for matching the harmful waves in such a target space by the counter waves, thereby countering the harmful waves by the counter waves therein.

[140] In another aspect of the present invention, a method may be provided for countering harmful electromagnetic waves irradiated from at least one base unit of at least one wave source by emitting counter electromagnetic waves by at least one counter unit and by propagating the counter waves in a preset direction toward the harmful waves. The base unit is configured to include only portions of the source responsible for irradiating the harmful waves and for affecting paths of the harmful waves therethrough, while the target space is defined between the wave source and an user.

[141] In one exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a method may include the steps of: configuring the counter waves to define shapes similar to those of the harmful waves and at least partially opposite phase angles (will be referred to as the 'first configuring' hereinafter); enclosing at least a portion of the base unit by the counter unit; and emitting the counter waves while enclosing the harmful waves in such a target space, thereby countering the harmful waves by the counter waves therein. The above enclosing may be replaced by the step of: disposing multiple counter units around at least a portion of the base unit.

[142]

[143] *In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a method may have the steps of: the first configuring; disposing at least a portion of the counter unit inside the base unit; and emitting the counter waves while being enclosed by the harmful waves in the target space, thereby countering the harmful waves by the counter waves therein. The above disposing may be replaced by the step of: enclosing at least a portion of the counter unit by multiple base unit.

[144] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a method may have the steps of: the first configuring; disposing the counter unit lateral to the base unit; and then emitting the counter waves to the target space with the harmful waves, thereby countering the harmful waves by the counter waves therein. The above disposing may be replaced by one of the steps of: disposing the counter unit along a longitudinal axis of the base unit and away therefrom; and enclosing at least a portion of one of the counter and base units by another of the units.

[145] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a method may have the steps of: the first configuring; aligning the counter unit with a direction of propagation of such harmful waves; and emitting the counter waves toward the target space with such harmful waves, thereby countering the harmful waves by the counter waves therein. The above aligning may be replaced by one of the steps of: aligning the counter unit with a direction of electric current and/or voltage applied to the base unit; aligning the counter unit with a longitudinal axis of the base unit; aligning the counter unit with a short axis of the base unit, and the like.

[146] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a method may include the steps of: the first configuring; disposing the counter unit between the base unit and target space; emitting by the counter unit the counter waves with amplitudes less than those of the harmful waves; and propagating the counter waves toward the target space along with the harmful waves, thereby countering the harmful waves by the counter waves therein. The above disposing and emitting may be replaced by the steps of: disposing the counter unit on an opposite side of the target space relative to the base unit; and emitting by the counter unit the counter waves defining amplitudes greater than those of the harmful waves.

[147] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a method may have the steps of: the first configuring; disposing the counter unit between the base unit and the target space; extending the counter unit to have a width greater than that of the base unit in a direction normal to a direction of propagation of the harmful waves; and then emitting the counter waves toward the target space with the harmful waves, thereby countering the harmful waves by the counter waves therein. The above disposing and extending may be replaced by the steps of: disposing the counter unit on an opposite side of the target space relative to the base unit; and extending the counter unit to a width less than that of the base unit in a direction normal to a direction of propagation of the harmful waves.

[148] In another aspect of the present invention, a method may be provided for countering harmful electromagnetic waves irradiated from at least one base unit of at least one wave source by emitting counter electromagnetic waves and by at least one of canceling the harmful waves with the counter waves in a target space and suppressing the harmful waves from propagating to the target space by the counter waves. The base unit is configured to include only portions of the source responsible for irradiating the harmful waves and also affecting paths thereof therethrough, while the target space is defined between the wave source and an user.

[149] In one exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a method may include the steps of: providing a single counter unit emitting the counter waves; the first configuring; and countering the harmful waves irradiated by a single base unit by the counter waves.

[150] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a method may have the steps of: providing a single counter unit which emits such counter waves; the first configuring; and countering a sum of the harmful waves irradiated by all of multiple base units with the counter waves. The above countering may be replaced by the step of: countering the harmful waves irradiated by at least one but not all of multiple base units by the counter waves.

[151] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a method may have the steps of: providing multiple counter units emitting such counter waves; the first configuring; and then countering the harmful waves irradiated from a single base unit by a sum of all of the counter waves emitted by all of the counter units.

[152] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a method may have the steps of: providing multiple counter units emitting such counter waves; the first configuring; and then countering a sum of the harmful waves irradiated by all of multiple base units with another sum of the counter waves emitted by at least two of the counter units. The above countering may be replaced by the step of: countering the harmful waves irradiated by at least one but not all of multiple base units by another sum of the counter waves emitted by at least two of the counter units.

[153] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a method may have the steps of: providing at least two counter units each emitting a set of the counter waves; configuring at least one of the counter units to move with respect to another thereof; the first configuring; and then moving such at least one of the counter units with respect to such a base unit in the emitting, thereby countering the harmful waves irradiated from a single base unit with a different number of the sets of the counter waves.

[154] In another aspect of the present invention, a method may be provided for countering harmful electromagnetic waves which are irradiated from at least one wave source which is shaped into at least one curvilinear wire by emitting counter electromagnetic waves.

[155] In one exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a method may include the steps of: the first providing; shaping the counter unit as one of a wire, a strip, and a sheet; disposing such a counter unit along and close to the wire; and supplying electric current in the wave source of the wire and the counter unit in opposite directions while emitting such counter waves from the counter unit for countering the harmful waves by the counter waves (which will be referred to as the 'first supplying' hereinafter). The above disposing may be replaced by the step of: braiding the counter unit around and close to the wire.

[156] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a method may have the steps of: providing multiple counter units each shaped as a wire, a strip, and/ or a sheet; disposing the counter units around and close to the wire; and the first supplying. Such disposing may be replaced by the step of: braiding each of the counter units around and close to the wire in the same or different directions. [157] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a method may have the steps of: the first providing; shaping the counter unit as at least one coil or spiral; winding the counter unit around the wire; and the first supplying. The above shaping and winding may be replaced by the steps of: shaping the counter unit into a sheet or a mesh; and winding such a counter unit around the wire. The above shaping and winding may also be replaced by the steps of: shaping the counter unit into an annular tube with a lumen; and disposing the wire inside the lumen of the counter unit.

[158] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a method may have the steps of: identifying multiple wavefronts of the harmful waves formed around the wire; disposing at least one counter unit along at least one of the above wavefronts; and emitting by the counter unit the counter waves of multiple wavefronts which are similar (or identical) to the wavefronts of the wire, thereby countering the harmful waves with the counter waves.

[159] In another aspect of the present invention, a method may be provided for countering harmful electromagnetic waves which are irradiated from at least one wave source shaped into at least one curvilinear strip (or sheet) by emitting counter electromagnetic waves.

[160]

[161] *In one exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a method may include the steps of: the first providing; shaping the counter unit as a wire, a strip or a sheet; disposing the counter unit along and close to the strip (or sheet); and supplying electric current in the wave source of the strip (or sheet) and the counter unit in opposite directions while emitting the counter waves by the counter unit in order to counter such harmful waves by the counter waves (to be referred to as the 'second supplying' hereinafter). Such disposing may also be replaced by the step of: braiding the counter unit around and close to the strip (or sheet).

[162] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a method may have the steps of: providing multiple counter units each shaped as a wire, a strip or a sheet; disposing such a counter units around and close to the strip (or sheet); and the second supplying. Such disposing may be replaced by the step of: braiding each of the counter units around and close to the strip (or sheet) in one of same and different directions.

[163] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a method may have the steps of: the first providing; shaping the counter unit as one of at least one coil and at least one spiral; winding the counter unit around the strip (or sheet); and then the second supplying. The shaping and winding may be replaced by the steps of: shaping the counter unit as a sheet or a mesh; and winding the counter unit around the strip (or sheet). The above shaping and winding may also be replaced by the steps of: shaping the counter unit as a pair of strips (or sheets); and disposing the wire between the strips (or sheets).

[164]

[165] *In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a method may have the steps of: identifying multiple wavefronts of the harmful waves around the strip (or sheet); disposing at least one counter unit along at least one of the wavefronts; and emitting from the counter unit such counter waves with multiple wavefronts similar (or identical) to the wavefronts of the strip (or sheet), thereby countering the harmful waves with the counter waves.

[166] In another aspect of the present invention, a method may be provided for countering harmful electromagnetic waves which are irradiated from at least one wave source shaped as at least one curvilinear tube with a lumen by emitting counter electromagnetic waves.

[167] In one exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a method may include the steps of: the first providing; shaping the counter unit as a wire, a strip or a sheet; disposing the counter unit along and close to the tube; and supplying electric current in the wave source of the tube and counter unit along opposite directions while emitting the counter waves by the counter unit for countering the harmful waves by the counter waves (which will be referred to as the 'third supplying' hereinafter). Such disposing may be replaced by the step of: braiding the counter unit around and close to the tube.

[168] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a method may have the steps of: providing multiple counter units each shaped as a wire, strip or sheet; disposing the counter units around and close to the tube; and the third supplying. The above disposing may be replaced by the step of: braiding each counter unit around and close to the tube in the same or different directions.

[169] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a method may have the steps of: the first providing; shaping the counter unit as at least one wire or strip; disposing the counter unit inside the lumen of the tube; and the third supplying.

[170] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a method may have the steps of: the first providing; shaping the counter unit as at least one coil or spiral; winding the counter unit around the tube; and the third supplying. The above shaping and winding may be replaced by the steps of: shaping the counter unit into one of a sheet and a mesh and then winding the counter unit around the tube; shaping the counter unit into a bigger tube with a lumen and then disposing the tube inside the lumen of the counter unit; and shaping the counter unit into a smaller tube with a lumen and then disposing the counter unit inside the lumen of the tube.

[171] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a method may have the steps of: identifying multiple wavefronts of the harmful waves formed around the tube; disposing at least one counter unit along at least one of the wavefronts; and then emitting by the counter unit the counter waves having multiple wavefronts similar (or identical) to the wavefronts of the tube, thereby countering the harmful waves with the counter waves.

[172] In another aspect of the present invention, a method may be provided for countering harmful electromagnetic waves which are irradiated from at least one wave source shaped into at least one curvilinear coil by emitting counter electromagnetic waves.

[173] In one exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a method may include the steps of: the first providing; shaping the counter unit into a toroid by disposing opposing ends of such a coil adjacent to each other; supplying electric current in the coil; and supplying electric current in the wave source of the coil and the counter unit in opposite directions while emitting the counter waves by the counter unit for countering the harmful waves by the counter waves (to be referred to as the 'fourth supplying' hereinafter).

[174] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a method may have the steps of: the first providing; shaping the counter unit as a wire, a strip or a spiral smaller than the coil of the base unit; winding such a coil of the base unit around the counter unit; and the fourth supplying. The above shaping and winding may be replaced by the steps of: shaping the counter unit as another coil smaller than the coil of the base unit; and winding the coil of the base unit around the counter unit.

[175] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a method may include the steps of: the first providing; shaping the counter unit as another coil; disposing the coils of the counter and base units adjacent to each other; and the fourth supplying. Such disposing may be replaced by the step of: braiding the coils of the counter and base units.

[176] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a method may have the steps of: identifying multiple wavefronts of the harmful waves formed around such a coil; disposing at least one counter unit along at least one of the wavefronts; and then emitting by the counter unit such counter waves having multiple wavefronts similar (or identical) to the wavefronts of the tube, thereby countering the harmful waves with the counter waves.

[177] Embodiments of such method aspects of the present invention may include one or more of the following features, and configurational and/or operational variations and/ or modifications of the above methods also fall within the scope of the present invention.

[178] Such countering may include the step of: countering the harmful waves but preserving audible sound waves. The countering may include at least one of the steps of: suppressing at least a portion of the harmful waves from propagating toward the target space by the counter waves; canceling the portion of the harmful waves by the counter waves in the target space, and the like. The countering may also include at least one of the steps of: countering the harmful waves of frequencies less than about 50 Hz to 60 Hz; countering the harmful waves defining frequencies less than about 300 Hz; and countering the harmful waves of frequencies less than about 1 kHz. The countering may also include at least one of the steps of: countering such harmful waves with frequencies less than about 10 kHz; countering the harmful waves of frequencies less than about 100 kHz; countering the harmful waves with frequencies less than about 1 MHz, 10 MHz, 100 MHz, 1 GHz, 10 GHz, 100 GHz, 1 THz, and the like. The countering may include at least one of the steps of: countering the harmful waves in only a portion of a preset frequency range while preserving the rest thereof; countering magnetic waves of the harmful waves; countering an entire portion of the harmful waves, and the like.

[179] The affecting may include at least one of the steps of: including a permanent magnet; applying the electric voltage; flowing the electric current, and the like. Such extending may include one of the steps of: lengthening the counter unit along its length; widening the counter unit along its width, and the like. The providing may include at least one of the steps of: forming the counter unit into a shape of at least one of a wire, a strip, a sheet, a tube, a coil, a spiral, and a mesh; forming the counter unit into one of a mixture of the shapes, a combination of the shapes, and an array of the shapes, and the like. The forming may include at least one of the steps of: enclosing at least a portion of such a base unit by an array (or bundle) of multiple wires of the counter unit; enclosing the portion of the base unit by an array (or bundle) of multiple strips of the counter unit; enclosing the portion of the base unit by an array (or bundle) of multiple sheets of the counter unit; enclosing the portion of the base unit by an array (or bundle) of multiple tubes of the counter unit; winding with at least one coil of the counter unit about the portion of the base unit; winding the portion of the base unit with an array (or a bundle) of multiple coils; and enclosing the portion of the base unit with at least one annular mesh of the counter unit. Such forming the counter unit may further include at least one of the steps of: extending a single wire for at least a portion of the counter unit; extending an array (or bundle) of multiple wires for the portion; extending a single strip for the portion; extending an array (or bundle) of multiple strips for the portion; extending a single sheet for the portion; extending an array (or bundle) of multiple sheets for the portion; extending a single tube therefor; extending a bundle (or array) of multiple tubes therefor; winding a single coil therefor; winding a bundle (or array) of multiple coils therefor; extending a single annular mesh therefor; and extending an array (or bundle) of multiple annular meshes therefor.

[180] The providing may include one of the steps of: exposing the counter unit through the base unit; hiding the counter unit under (or inside) the base unit, and the like. The providing may include at least one of the steps of: fixedly disposing the counter unit; movably disposing the counter unit, and so on. The providing may include one of the steps of: forming the base and counter units of a same material; forming the base and counter units of different materials; including at least one but not all of materials in the base and counter units, and the like. The providing may include one of the steps of: arranging the base and counter units to have similar (or identical) resonance frequencies; arranging the base and counter units to define different resonance frequencies, and the like.

[181] The disposing may include at least one of the steps of: disposing the counter unit laterally (or side by side) with the base unit; enclosing at least one of the counter and base units with another of the units; axially aligning the base and counter units, and the like. Such enclosing may include one of the steps of: disposing the counter unit indirectly over (or around) the base unit (or source); disposing the counter unit directly on (or around) the base unit (or source), and the like. The enclosing may also include at least one of the steps of: arranging at least two of the counter units concentrically; coupling the counter units electrically in one of a series mode, a parallel mode, and a hybrid mode, and the like. The aligning may include one of the steps of: aligning the counter unit with the longitudinal axis of the base unit; aligning the counter unit with the short axis of the base unit; aligning the counter unit in the direction of the current flowing in (or voltage applied across) the base unit, aligning the counter unit with the direction of propagation of the harmful waves, and the like.

[182] The configuring the counter unit may include at least one of the steps of: controlling a shape of the counter unit; controlling a size of the counter unit; controlling an arrangement of the counter unit, and the like. The disposing may include at least one of the steps of: controlling an orientation of such a counter unit with respect to the base unit (or target space); controlling an alignment of the counter unit with respect thereto; controlling a first distance between the counter unit and base unit (or target space); controlling a second distance between the counter units, and the like.

[183] The emitting may have one of the steps of: controlling the phase angles of the counter waves to be at least similar to those of the harmful waves when the counter and harmful waves propagate along at least partially opposite directions; controlling the phase angles of the counter waves to be at least opposite to those of the harmful waves when the counter and harmful waves propagate along at least similar directions; and controlling the phase angles of the counter waves to be transverse to those of the harmful waves when the counter and harmful waves propagate in directions transverse to each other. Such emitting may include at least one of the steps of: manipulating amplitudes of the counter waves to be greater (or less) than those of the harmful waves when measured in the target space; manipulating the amplitudes of the counter waves to be similar (or identical) to those of the harmful waves when measured at the base unit, and the like. The emitting may include at least one of the steps of: propagating the counter waves in the same direction as the harmful waves; propagating the counter waves in a direction different from that of the harmful waves irradiated by each of such base units but in the same direction as that of a sum of the harmful waves from the base units, and the like. The emitting may include the step of: manipulating phase angles of the counter waves to be at least partially (or substantially) opposite to those of the harmful waves.

[184] The method may also include one of the steps of: flowing the current in an entire portion of the base unit; flowing the current in only a portion of the base unit; applying such voltage across an entire portion of the base unit; and applying such voltage across only a portion of the base unit. The method may include one of the steps of: flowing the current in a single direction through the base (or counter) unit; flowing such current along different directions in different portions of the base (or counter) unit; applying such voltage in a single direction through the base (or counter) unit; applying such voltage in different directions along different portions of the base (or counter) unit, and the like. The method may include the step of: providing multiple base units for the harmful waves, and the flowing may include one of the steps of: flowing the currents with the same amplitudes along a same direction in all of the base (or counter) units; flowing the currents of the same amplitudes in different directions along the base (or counter) units; flowing the currents of different amplitudes in the same direction in all of the base (or counter) units; flowing the currents of different amplitudes in different directions in the base (or counter) units, and the like. The method may include the step of: providing multiple base units for the harmful waves, and the applying may include one of the steps of: applying the voltages with the same amplitudes along a same direction in all of the base (or counter) units; applying the voltages of the same amplitudes in different directions along the base (or counter) units; applying the voltages of different amplitudes in the same direction in all of the base (or counter) units; applying the voltages of different amplitudes in different directions in the base (or counter) units, and the like.

[185] Such flowings may include one of the steps of: flowing the currents of the same (or different) amplitudes in the counter unit; flowing in the counter unit another current which may not be derived from the current supplied to the base unit but may have a temporal pattern at least partially similar to that of the current supplied to the base unit; flowing along the counter unit another current which may be derived not from the current to the base unit and may have a temporal pattern different from that of the current to the base unit, and the like. Such flowing the currents may include one of the steps of: flowing such currents in the base unit and then in the counter unit; flowing the currents in the counter unit and then in the base unit; flowing such currents at least simultaneously in the base and counter units, and the like.

[186] In another aspect of the present invention, a system may be provided for countering harmful electromagnetic waves irradiated from at least one base unit of at least one wave source by emitting counter electromagnetic waves, by controlling a shape of such a counter unit, and by at least one of suppressing the harmful waves from propagating toward a target space by the counter waves and canceling the harmful waves in the target space by the counter waves, where such a base unit is configured to include only portions of the source responsible for irradiating the harmful waves and for affecting paths of the harmful waves therethrough and where the target space is defined between the system and an use.

[187] In one exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a system may be made by a process including the steps of: arranging at least one counter unit to have a width longer than that of the base unit; disposing the counter unit between the wave source and user while aligning its width with at least a portion of a wavefront of the harmful waves; configuring the counter unit to emit such counter waves defining wave characteristics similar to the harmful waves but having at least partially opposite phase angles thereto; and aligning the counter unit to propagate the counter waves toward the target space, thereby countering the harmful waves by the counter waves therein (to be referred to as the 'first aligning' hereinafter). Such arranging and disposing may be replaced by the steps of: arranging at least one counter unit to define a width narrower than the base unit; and disposing the counter unit on an opposite side of the target space with respect to the wave source while aligning its width with at least a portion of a wavefront of the harmful waves.

[188] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may be made by a process including the steps of: identifying multiple wavefronts of the harmful waves; configuring a single counter unit to emit the counter waves defining multiple wavefronts which have phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves and which are also capable of matching the wavefronts of the harmful waves when disposed at a preset distance from the base unit; disposing the counter unit in the distance from the base unit; and the first aligning.

[189] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may be made by a process including the steps of: providing at least two counter units; configuring such counter units to emit the counter waves which define similar (or identical) phase angles and have a first set of multiple wavefronts each corresponding to a sum of at least two wavefronts generated by the counter units; finding a relationship between a distance between such counter units and an increase in a radius of curvature of each of the wavefronts of the first set; identifying a second set of multiple wavefronts of the harmful waves; configuring the counter units to match the radii of curvature of the wavefronts of the first set with those of the wavefronts of the second set when disposed at preset distances from the base unit; disposing the counter units in the distances; and then the first aligning. The above configuring and finding may also be replaced by the steps of: configuring the counter units to emit the counter waves defining at least partially opposite phase angles and a first set of multiple wavefronts each corresponding to a sum of at least two wavefronts generated by the counter units; and finding a relationship between a distance between the counter units and a decrease in a radius of curvature of each of the wavefronts of the first set.

[190] In another aspect of the present invention, a system may be provided for countering harmful electromagnetic waves irradiated from at least one base unit of at least one wave source by emitting counter electromagnetic waves, by matching at least one feature of the base unit thereby, and by at least one of canceling the harmful waves with the counter waves in a target space and suppressing the harmful waves from propagating toward the target space by such counter waves, where such a base unit is configured to include only portions of the source which are responsible for irradiating the harmful waves and for affecting paths of the harmful waves therethrough, while the target space is defined between the system and an user.

[191] In one exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a system may be made by a process including the steps of: arranging at least one counter unit to match such a feature of the base unit; configuring the counter unit to emit the counter waves similar (or identical) to the harmful waves due to the arranging but having phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves (to be referred to as the 'second countering' hereinafter); and the first aligning. The above arranging may be replaced by one of the steps of: arranging at least one counter unit to define a configuration simpler than that of the base unit while at least minimally maintaining the feature; arranging at least one counter unit to define a configuration more complex than that of the base unit while at least minimally maintaining such a feature; arranging at least one counter unit to have a dimension defined by a less number of unit axes than the base unit while at least minimally maintaining the feature; and arranging at least one counter unit to have a dimension which is defined by a greater number of unit axes than that of the base unit while at least minimally maintaining the feature.

[192] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may be made by a process including the steps of: arranging a single counter unit to define a configuration simpler than that of a single base unit while maintaining the feature; the second countering; and the first aligning. The above arranging may be replaced by one of the steps of: arranging a single counter unit to define a configuration similar (or identical) to an arrangement of multiple base units while maintaining such a feature; arranging a single counter unit to define a dimension formed by less mutually orthogonal unit axes than an arrangement of multiple base units while maintaining the feature; and arranging a single counter unit to define a dimension formed by more mutually orthogonal unit axes than a dimension of multiple base units while maintaining the feature.

[193] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may be made by a process including the steps of: providing multiple counter units; arranging at least two of the counter units in a configuration simpler than that of a single base unit while maintaining the feature; configuring the counter units to emit the counter waves similar to (or identical to) the harmful waves due to such arranging but to defining phase angles at least partially opposite to those of such harmful waves; and aligning the counter units to propagate the counter waves to the target space, thereby countering the harmful waves by the counter waves therein. The above arranging may also be replaced by one of the steps of: arranging at least two of the counter units in a configuration which is similar (or identical) to an arrangement of multiple base units while maintaining such a feature; arranging the counter units in an arrangement defining a dimension which is formed by less mutually orthogonal unit axes than a dimension of a single base unit while maintaining such a feature; and arranging the counter units in an arrangement defining a dimension formed by more mutually orthogonal unit axes than a dimension of multiple base units while maintaining the feature.

[194] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may be made by a process including the steps of: providing less counter units than such base units; approximating an arrangement of the base units by the counter units while maintaining such a feature; configuring such counter units to emit the counter waves which are similar to (or identical to) the harmful waves due to the approximating but define phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves; and aligning the counter units to propagate the counter waves to the target space, thereby countering the harmful waves by the counter waves therein. The above providing and approximating may also be replaced by the steps of: providing more counter units for less base units; and approximating an arrangement of the base units by the counter units while disposing at least two of the counter units around at least one of the base units and maintaining the feature.

[195] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may be made by a process including the steps of: arranging at least one counter unit to move with respect to the base unit; configuring the counter unit to emit the counter waves similar (or identical) to the harmful waves but defining phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves; finding a relation between a distance from the counter unit to the base units and an extent of matching between such counter and harmful waves; and then moving the counter unit a location where the extent attains its maximum, thereby countering the harmful waves by the counter waves in the target space.

[196] In another aspect of the present invention, a system may be provided for countering harmful electromagnetic waves irradiated from at least one base unit of at least one wave source by emitting counter electromagnetic waves and then matching the harmful waves thereby, and by at least one of canceling the harmful waves with the counter waves in a target space and suppressing the harmful waves from propagating to the target space by the counter waves. Such a base unit is configured to include only portions of the source responsible for irradiating the harmful waves and for affecting their paths therethrough, while the target space is defined between the system and an user thereof.

[197] In one exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a system may be made by a process including the steps of: identifying a first set of multiple wavefronts of such harmful waves; disposing at least one counter unit along at least one of the wavefronts; configuring the counter unit to emit the counter waves forming a second set of multiple wavefronts similar to (or identical to) the first set of the wavefronts in the target space due to the disposing; and the first aligning.

[198] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may be made by a process including the steps of: identifying multiple wavefronts of such harmful waves; configuring at least one counter unit to emit the counter waves defining multiple wavefronts similar to a shape and/or an arrangement of the counter unit; disposing the counter unit along at least one of the wavefronts of the harmful waves; and arranging the counter unit to emit such counter waves of which wavefronts are aligned with those of the harmful waves in the target space based upon the configuring, thereby countering the harmful waves by the counter waves therein. The above configuring and disposing may be replaced by the steps of: configuring at least one counter unit to emit the counter waves with multiple wavefronts different from at least one of a shape and an arrangement of the counter unit; and disposing such a counter unit across (or along) at least two of the wavefronts of the harmful waves based on the configuring.

[199] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a system may be made by a process including the steps of: identifying multiple wavefronts of the harmful waves; disposing multiple counter units in an arrangement along at least one of the wavefronts; configuring the counter units to emit such counter waves with multiple wavefronts similar to the arrangement of the counter units; and arranging the counter units to emit such counter waves of which wavefronts are aligned with those of the harmful waves in the target space based on the configuring, thereby countering the harmful waves by the counter waves therein. The above disposing and configuring may be replaced by the steps of: disposing multiple counter units in an arrangement across (or along) at least two of the wavefronts; and configuring the counter units to emit the counter waves with multiple wavefronts different from the arrangement of the counter units.

[200] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may be made by a process including the steps of: identifying multiple wavefronts of such harmful waves; configuring at least one counter unit to emit such counter waves with multiple wavefronts each defining a radius of curvature; locating the counter unit between the base unit and target space; comparing shorter radii of curvature of the wavefronts of such counter waves with longer radii of curvature of the harmful waves; and configuring the counter unit to be disposed in a location where the radii of curvature of the wavefronts of the counter waves are configured to match those of the wavefronts of the harmful waves in the target space, thereby countering the harmful waves by the counter waves therein. The above locating and comparing may further be replaced by the steps of: locating the counter unit on an opposite side of the target space relative to the base unit; and comparing longer radii of curvature of the wavefronts of the counter waves to shorter radii of curvature of the harmful waves.

[201] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may be made by a process including the steps of: arranging at least one counter unit to move with respect to the base unit; configuring the counter unit to emit the counter waves similar (or identical) to the harmful waves but have phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves; finding a relationship between a distance between the counter and base units and matching between radii of curvature of the counter waves and those of the harmful waves; assessing a location in which the wavefronts of the counter and harmful waves best match each other; and moving the counter unit to the location for best matching the harmful waves in the target space by such counter waves, thereby countering the harmful waves by the counter waves therein.

[202] In another aspect of the present invention, a system may be provided for countering harmful electromagnetic waves irradiated by a base unit of at least one wave source through at least one of canceling the harmful waves in a target space and suppressing the harmful waves from propagating toward the target space, where such a base unit is configured to include only portions of the wave source which are responsible for irradiating the harmful waves and for affecting paths of the harmful waves therethrough and where the target space is defined between the system and an user.

[203] In one exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, such a system may be made by a process including the steps of: arranging at least one counter unit to have a shape which is identical (or similar) to the base unit and to emit counter electromagnetic waves, and configuring such counter waves to have phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, to define wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of the harmful waves due to the shape and, therefore, to counter the harmful waves due to the opposite phase angles in the target space (to be referred to as the 'third configuring' hereinafter).

[204] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may be made by a process including the steps of: arranging a single counter unit to define a shape of an 1 -D (or 2-D, 3-D) analog of the base unit and to emit counter electromagnetic waves; and the third countering. Such arranging may be replaced by the step of: arranging a single counter unit to define a shape of an 1 -D (or 2-D, 3-D) analog of at least two of multiple base units and to emit counter electromagnetic waves.

[205] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect of the invention, a system may be made by a process including the steps of: arranging multiple counter units at least two of which are configured to define shapes of 1-D (or 2-D, 3-D) analogs of such a base unit and to emit counter electromagnetic waves; and the third countering. The above arranging may also be replaced by one of the steps of: arranging multiple counter units at least two of which are configured to define shapes of 1-D (or 2-D, 3-D) analogs of at least two but not all of multiple base units and then to emit counter electromagnetic waves; and arranging multiple counter units at least two of which are configured to define shapes of 1-D (or 2-D, 3-D) analogs of each of multiple base units and to emit counter electromagnetic waves.

[206] More product-by-process claims may be constructed by modifying the foregoing preambles of the apparatus and/or method claims and by appending thereonto such bodies of the apparatus and/or method claims. In addition, such process claims may include one or more of the above features of the apparatus and/or method claims of the present invention.

[207] As used herein, the term 'units' collectively refers to both of a 'base unit' and a

'counter unit' of an electromagnetically-countered system of this invention, where such a system is abbreviated as the 'EMC system' or simply as the 'system' hereinafter. Such a classification between the 'units' is primarily based upon their intended functions. That is, the 'base unit' represents various parts of the EMC system which are to perform intended functions of the system such as, e.g., generating audible sounds from source signals (speakers and devices including such) or vice versa (microphones and devices including such), generating electromotive force by converting electric energy (electric motors and devices including such) or vice versa (generators), producing visible images from source signals (display elements such as a CRT, LED, OLED, and PDP, and devices including such), generating heat from electric energy (straight or coiled heating elements and devices including such), and the like. All of such 'base units' irradiate the harmful waves while performing their intended functions, and these 'base units' are always incorporated in the above devices. In contrary, the 'counter unit' represents those parts of the EMC system which are to perform countering functions such as, e.g., canceling at least a portion of the harmful waves in the target space and/ or suppressing or preventing the portion of such harmful waves from propagating toward the target space. When desirable, the 'counter unit' may also be arranged to perform the functions intended for the 'base unit' and, accordingly, serve as an extra 'base unit' which also performs the countering function. This unit, however, is to be deemed as the 'counter unit' within the scope of this invention unless otherwise specified. Within the scope of this invention, the 'base unit' is therefore omnipresent in any prior art devices, while the 'counter unit' is neither physically not functionally present in the prior art devices. The 'base unit' is to be distinguished from a 'wave source' within the scope of this invention. More particularly, the 'wave source' collectively refers to portions of the EMC system irradiating such harmful waves, whereas the 'base unit' specifically refers only to the portions of the 'wave source' which are directly responsible for irradiating the harmful waves and/or affecting propagation paths of such waves. For example, a speaker of a mobile phone is the 'wave source' and the 'base units' of such a phone includes a voice coil and a permanent magnet, where a cone and a bracket coupling to such a coil and magnet are portions of the 'wave source' but not portions of the 'base unit' because the cone and/or bracket neither generate the harmful waves nor affect the propagation paths thereof. Similarly, a motor of an actuating device is the 'wave source,' while the 'base units' of the motor are permanent magnets and/or electromagnets incorporated to a rotor and/or a stator of the motor, where a shaft and a case of the motor are portions of the 'wave source' but not portions of the 'base units' because the shaft and/or case neither generate the harmful waves not affect the propagation paths thereof. Similarly, a heater of a heating device is the 'wave source' and the 'base unit' of the heating device is a straight or coiled heating element, where an insulative support and an external coating are portions of the 'wave source' but not portions of the 'base unit' because the support and/or coating neither generate such harmful waves nor affect their propagation paths. Accordingly, a shape of the 'wave source' is generally different from a shape of the 'base unit,' where the 'base unit' may have the shape simpler or more complex than that of the 'wave source.' However, the 'base unit' may be deemed as a subset of the 'wave source' and, therefore, such a 'base unit' almost always defines a size which is smaller than or at most equal to that of the 'wave source.'

[209] As used herein, the term 'configuration' collectively refers a shape, size, and/or arrangement, while the term 'disposition' collectively includes orientation, alignment, and/or distance. Accordingly, the 'configuration' of the (counter or base) unit may refer to the shape of the unit, the size of the unit, and/or arrangement of the unit with respect to the other of the base and counter units. Similarly, the 'disposition' of the unit may refer to the orientation and/or alignment of such a unit with respect to the other of the base and counter units, to the target space, to a direction of propagation of the harmful or counter waves, to a direction of the electric current flowing in or voltage applied across such a unit or the other of the base and counter units, and the like. The 'disposition' of the unit may also refer to the distance to the other of the base and counter units therefrom, to the target space, and the like. When the system include multiple counter units, the 'disposition' thereof may include the distance between at least two of such counter units.

[210] Within the scope of the present invention, the term 'wire' collectively refers to an article with a shape of a wire, a fiber, a filament, a rod, and/or a strand, and shapes of any other similarly elongated articles each of which may be straight or curved {i.e., curvilinear), and each of which may be formed into a loop, a coil, a roll, a spiral, a mesh, and the like. The term 'strip' collectively refers to an article with a shape of a strip, a bar, a pad, and/or a tape, and shapes of any other planar or curved articles with large aspect ratios (i.e., ratios of lengths to widths or heights), each of which may be arranged straight or curved, each of which may be arranged in a two- or three- dimensional configuration, each of which may be arranged into a loop, a coil, a roll, a spiral, a mesh, and the like. In addition, the term 'sheet' collectively refers to an article with a shape of a sheet, a slab, a foil, a film, a plate, and/or a layer, and shapes of any other articles which are wider than the 'strip,' each of which may be planar (i.e., two- dimensional or 2-D) or curved (i.e., three-dimensional or 3-D), each of which may be formed in a segment, a roll, and the like. The term 'tube' collectively refers to an article which may define any of the shapes described hereinabove and to be described hereinafter and forming at least one lumen therethrough. Such a 'tube' may be arranged straight or curved, may be arranged into a loop, a coil, a roll, a spiral, a mesh, and the like. The term 'coil' collectively refers to an article defining a shape of a helix and/or a spring, and shapes of any other articles winding around an object along a longitudinal or short axis of such an object at a constant distance from the object, and the like. The 'coil' may be arranged straight or curved, may also be arranged into a loop (such as a toroid), a coil, a roll, a spiral, a mesh, and the like. The term 'spiral' collectively refers to an article defining a shape of another helix and/or spring which may, however, expand or shrink along the longitudinal oe short axis of an object, and shapes of any other articles winding around such an object at varying distances, and the like. It is appreciated that a planar 'spiral' may be formed on a single curvilinear plane which is normal to the longitudinal or short axis of the object. The term 'mesh' collectively refers to an article with a shape a mesh, a net, a screen, a quilt, a fabric, and/or a garment, and shapes of any other articles which may be formed into a networking structure , a woven structure, an interwoven structure, and the like. The term 'bundle' collectively refers to an article defining a shape of two or more of the same or different elongated shapes which are aligned side by side or laterally in such a manner that a cross-section of the 'bundle' or a 'bundled article' may include at least two of such shapes therein. The term 'braid' collectively refers to an article with a shape of two or more of the same of different elongated shapes which are braided in such a manner that the 'braid' or a 'braided article' may consist of at least two of such shapes in a cross- section normal to a longitudinal and/or short axis thereof, where examples of such articles may include, but not be limited to, a thread, a yarn, any other articles made by prior art braiding techniques, and the like. It is to be understood that at least a portion of each of such articles formed according to the above terms in this paragraph may be arranged to be solid, hollow or porous such as, e.g., a. foam, a sponge, and the like. It is also appreciated that each of such articles formed according to the foregoing terms of this paragraph may be arranged to include (or define) at least one hole, gap or opening.

[211] Similarly and as used herein, the term 'mixture' collectively refers to a liquid, a solution, a sol, a gel, an emulsion, a suspension, a slurry, and/or a powder, each of which may include therein multiple particles, particulates, grains, granules, filings, fragments, and/or pellets each of which may also have shapes of spheres, ellipsoids, cylinders, flakes, 'wires,' 'strips,' and the like, and each of which may be in a range of millimeters, microns or nanometers. When appropriate, such a 'mixture' may include at least one solvent, at least one chemically, electrically, and/or magnetically inert filler for the purpose of providing mechanical strength and/or integrity thereto, and so on.

[212] In addition, the term 'combination' refers to a collection of different shapes examples of which may include, but not be limited to, the above wire, strip, sheet, tube, coil, spiral, mesh, their braid, and their bundle. The term 'array' similarly refers to the collection of such shapes. However, the 'array' refers to the 'collection' which in addition forms multiple holes or openings therethrough.

[213] As used herein, the terms 'axial,' 'radial,' and 'angular' will be used in reference to a center axis of the system. Based thereupon, the term 'axial direction' refers to a direction along the center axis of the system, while the term 'radial direction' means another direction which is normal to such an 'axial direction' and, therefore, which represents a direction extending away and outwardly from the center of the system. It is appreciated that such a 'radial direction' may be other directions which extend away and outwardly from the center of the system and may be transverse but not necessarily perpendicular to the 'axial direction.' The term 'angular direction' refers to another direction revolving about the 'axial direction' in a clockwise or counterclockwise manner.

[214] It is appreciated that definitions related to various electric and magnetic shields of this invention are similar to those as have been provided in the aforementioned co- pending Applications. Therefore, such definitions are deleted herein for simplicity of illustration.

[215] Unless otherwise defined in the following specification, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. Although the methods or materials equivalent or similar to those described herein can be used in the practice or in the testing of the present invention, the suitable methods and materials are described below. All publications, patent applications, patents, and/or other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In case of any conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.

[216] Other features and/or advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description, and from the claims. Brief Description of the Drawings

[217] FlGs. IA to IF are top schematic views of exemplaryelectromagnetic countering mechanisms in each of which a single counter unitemits counter waves to counter harmful waves irradiated by a single base unitof a single wave source according to the present invention;

[218] FlGs. 2A to 2F are top schematic views of exemplaryelectromagnetic countering mechanisms in each of which multiple counter unitsemit counter waves to counter harmful waves irradiated by a single base unit ofa single wave source according to the present invention;

[219] FlGs. 3 A to 31 are schematic perspective views of exemplary counter units incorporated into speakers including various base unitsaccording to the present invention;

[220] FlGs. 4 A to 4F are schematic perspective views of exemplary counter units incorporated into motors including various base unitsaccording to the present invention;

[221] FlGs. 5A to 5H are schematic perspective views ofexemplary counter units incorporated into heating units including various baseunits according to the present invention; and

[222] FlGs. 6A to 6H are schematic perspective views ofexemplary speakers which have counter units and electromagnetic (or magnetic)shields according to the present invention.

Mode for the Invention

[223] The present invention relates to anelectromagnetically-countered system including at least one wave sourceirradiating harmful electromagnetic waves and at least one counter unitemitting counter electromagnetic waves for countering the harmful waves by thecounter waves, e.g., by canceling at least a portion of the harmful waves by the counter waves, by suppressing the harmful waves from propagatingto a target space, and the like. More particularly, the present inventionrelates to generic counter units of the electromagnetically-countered systemsand to various mechanisms for countering the harmful waves which are irradiatedfrom various base units of the wave sources by the counter units. Accordingly, the counter unit may be shaped, sized, and/or arranged to match itsconfiguration with configuration of the base unit of the wave source, there- byemitting such counter waves which automatically match characteristics of suchharmful waves. In the alternative, the counter unit may be shaped, sized,and/or disposed in an arrangement which is defined along one or more wavefrontsof the harmful waves, thereby emitting the counter waves which automaticallymatch characteristics of the harmful waves. The present invention also relatesto various counter units which are provided as analogs of the base unit of thewave source, where the analog may approximate the base unit which is morecomplex than such a counter unit, where the three- or two-dimensional base unitmay also be approximated as the two- or one-dimensional analog, and the like.The present invention also relates to multiple simple counter units which aresimpler than the base unit but disposed in an arrangement approximating such ashape and/or arrangement of the base unit. The present invention also relatesto the counter unit which may be shaped and/or sized according to theconfiguration of the base unit and disposition thereof. In addition, thepresent invention relates to various countering modes where a single counterunit may counter a single base unit, at least two but not all of multiple baseunits or all of multiple base units, where multiple counter units may counter asingle base unit, more base units or less multiple units, and the like. Thepresent invention then relates to various electric and/or magnetic shieldswhich may be used alone or in conjunction with the counter units to minimizeirradiation of the harmful waves from the system.

[224] The present invention also relates to variousmethods of countering the harmful waves by the counter waves by such sourcematching or wave matching. More particularly, the present invention relates tovarious methods forming the counter unit as an analog of the base unit and thenemitting the counter waves matching such harmful waves, various methods ofapproximating the base unit by the simpler counter unit for the countering andvarious methods of approximating the base unit by multiple simpler counterunits. The present invention also relates to various methods of disposing thecounter unit along the wavefronts of the harmful waves and then emitting thecounter waves for automatically matching such wavefronts of the harmful waves,various methods of disposing multiple counter units along the wavefronts of theharmful waves and then emitting the counter waves by the counter units forauto- matically matching such wavefronts, and the like. In addition, the presentinvention relates to various methods of manipulating the wavefronts of thecounter waves by disposing the counter unit closer to and/or farther away fromthe target space with respect to the base unit, various methods of controllingradii of curvature of the wavefronts of the counter waves by incorporating oneor multiple counter units emitting such counter waves of the same or oppositephase angles, various methods of adjusting the wavefronts of the counter wavesby disposing one or multiple counter units defining the shapes similar to ordifferent from the shapes of the base units, and the like. The presentinvention also relates to various methods of countering the harmful waves fromone or multiple base units with the counter waves emitted by the single ormultiple counter units. Accordingly, the present invention relates to vari- ousmethods of emitting such counter waves from a single counter unit for theharmful waves irradiated by one or more base units, various methods of emittingsuch counter waves by two or more counter units for the harmful wavesirradiated by a single or multiple base units, and the like. In addition, thepresent invention relates to various methods of minimizing irradiation of suchharmful waves by incorporating such electric shields, by incorporating themagnetic shields, by incorporating one or both of such shields in conjunctionwith the above counter units, and the like. The present invention further relates to variousprocesses for providing various counter units and various systems incorporatingone or multiple counter units therein. More particularly, the present inventionrelates to various processes for forming the counter units to emit the counterwaves having the wavefronts similar to (or different from) such shapes of thecounter units, various processes for forming the counter units as the aboveanalogs of the base units, various processes for providing the counter unit- semitting such counter waves which define the similar or opposite phase angles,various processes for providing such counter units with the wavefronts shapedsimilar to the harmful waves, various processes for disposing the counter unitsin a preset arrangement and emitting therefrom the counter waves which have thewavefronts similar to such an arrangement, and the like. The present inventionalso relates to various processes for assigning the single counter unit tocounter the harmful waves irradiated by the single base unit for a localcountering or to counter such harmful waves from multiple base units for aglobal countering, various processes for assigning multiple counter units tocounter the harmful waves irradiated by the single base unit for the globalcountering or to counter the harmful waves from multiple base units for thelocal or global countering depending on numbers of the counter and base units. The present invention further relates to various processes for incorporatingthe electric and/or magnetic shields for minimizing the irradiation of suchharmful waves, and various processes for minimizing the irradiation of suchharmful waves by employing such shields as well as the above counter units.

[226] The basic principle of the counter units of thegeneric electromagnetically-countered systems of this invention is to emit thecounter waves which form the wavefronts similar (or identical) to those of theharmful waves but define the phase angles at least partially opposite to thoseof such harmful waves. Therefore, by propagating such counter waves to thetarget space, the counter waves can effectively counter the harmful waves inthe target space by, e.g., canceling at least a portion of such harmfulwaves therein and/or suppressing the harmful waves from propagatingth- eretoward. To this end, the counter units are arranged to emit the counterwaves which define the wavefronts matching those of the harmful waves byvarious mechanisms. In one example, such counter units are shaped similar (oridentical) to the base units of the waves sources, or arranged similar (oridentical) to such base units and, therefore, emit the counter waves which cancounter the harmful waves in the target space. In another example, such counterunits are disposed along one or more of the wavefronts of the harmful waves andemit the counter waves which are similar (or identical) to the harmful wavesand, accordingly, counter the harmful waves in the target space. In these twoexamples, the counter units are to emit the counter waves with the wave- frontswhich are similar (or identical) to the shapes of such counter unitsthemselves, and such counter waves are to define the phase angles which are atleast partially opposite to the phase angles of the harmful waves. In anotherexample, the counter units are shaped differently from the base units, but arerather disposed in an arrangement in which the counter waves emitted therefrommay match such harmful waves in the target space. In another example, thecounter units are disposed across different wavefronts of the harmful waves butare to emit the counter waves which are similar (or identical) to the harmfulwaves and, therefore, counter the harmful waves in the target space. In thelast two examples, the counter units may be arranged to emit the counter waveswith the wavefronts may or may not be similar (or identical) to the shapes ofthe counter units themselves, while the counter waves are to define the phaseangles which are at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves.

[227] The basic principle of the counter units of thegeneric electromagnetically-countered system of this invention may beimplemented into various prior art devices for minimizing irradiation of theharmful waves therefrom. For example, the counter units may be implemented toany base units of electrically conductive wires, coils, and/or sheets or, inthe alternative, into any electrically semiconductive and/or insulative wires,coils, and/or sheets for minimizing the irradiation of the harmful waves by- countering such harmful waves by the counter waves, e.g., by cancelingat least a portion of the harmful waves in the target space and/or suppressingthe harmful waves from propagating toward the target space, where the counterunits may be made of and/ or include at least one electrically conductive,insulative or semiconductive material. The counter units may be implementedinto any of such base units which define the shapes which may be formed byincorporating one or multiple wires, coils, and/or sheets, by modifying theshapes of one or multiple wires, coils, and/or sheets, where a few examples ofthe modified shapes may include a solenoid and toroid each formed by modifyingthe shape of such a coil. Therefore and in one example, such counter units maybe implemented into various speakers such as cone-drive speakers, electrostat- icspeakers, and piezoelectric speakers for minimizing the irradiation of theharmful waves. Accordingly, any prior art devices including theelectromagnetically-countered speakers such as earphones, headphones, wiredphones, mobile phones, and audiovisual devices may be converted into theelectromagnetically countered systems. Similarly, the counter units may beimplemented into various microphones which are inverse examples of suchspeakers, and any prior art devices including suchelectromag- netically-countered microphones such as wired phones, mobile phones,audio and/or audiovisual sound systems, and an assembly of the earphone andmicrophone may be converted into the electromagnetically countered systems. Inanother example, such counter units may be implemented into various motors suchas DC motors, universal motors, AC synchronous motors, AC induction motors,linear motors, and the like, for minimizing the irradiation of such harmfulwaves. Therefore, any prior art actuator devices including theelectromagnetically-countered motors such as kitchen appliances (e.g., afood processor, a mixer, a juicer, a grinder, a blender, a squeezer, a canopener, a dish washer, a refrigerator, a freezer, a cooler, and so on), cookingappliances (e.g., an electric grill, an electric oven, an electricstove, an electric range, an electric toaster, an electric fan for such, andthe like), household appliances (e.g., a cloth washer, a cloth dryer, anair conditioner, a garage opener, a dry or wet vacuum cleaner, and so on),tools (e.g., an electric drill, an electric saw, an electricscrewdriver, an electric nail or staple gun, an electric sander, and the like),and personal hygiene devices (e.g., an electric razor, an electrictoothbrush, an electric hair dryer, and the like) may be converted into theelectromagnetically countered systems. Similarly, the counter units may also beimplemented to various generators, and any prior art generating devices withthe electro- magnetically-countered generators such as AC generators, DCgenerators, and (automobile) alternators may also be converted into theelectromagnetically countered systems. In another example, such counter unitsmay be implemented into various transformers which include therein at least twocoils, and any prior art devices including the electromagnetically-counteredtransformers such as step-up transformers, step-down transformers, and AC/DCadaptors of various electric devices may be converted into theelectromagnetically countered systems. In another example, such counter unitsmay be implemented to various heating unit including at least one resis- tiveheating wire, heating strip, heating sheet, and/or heating coil for minimizingthe irradiation of the harmful waves during heating. Accordingly, any prior artheating devices such as personal heating appliances (e.g., an electricmattress or mat, an electric blanket, an electric heating pad, and so on),cooking appliances (e.g., an electric grill, an electric oven, anelectric stove, an electric range, an electric toaster, an electric toasteroven, and the like), and/or beauty-related appliances (e.g., a hairdryer, a hair setter, a hair curler, a hair steamer, and the like), may beconverted into the electromag- netically countered systems. In another example,such counter units may be implemented into various light emitting units forminimizing the irradiation of such harmful waves during lighting. Accordingly,any prior art display devices such as a cathode ray tube, a light emittingdevice, an organic light emitting device, an inorganic light emitting device,and a plasma display panel may be converted into the electromag- neticallycountered systems.

[228] It is to be understood that various counter unitsof such generic electromagnetically- countered systems (to be abbreviated as'EMC systems' or simply 'systems' hereinafter) of this invention may beincorporated to any electrical and/or electronic devices each of which may haveat least one base unit and, accordingly, may irradiate the harmful wavesincluding electric waves (to be abbreviated as 'EWs' hereinafter) and mag- neticwaves (to be abbreviated as 'MWs' hereinafter) having frequencies of about 50to 60 Hz and/or other EWs and MWs of higher frequencies. It is also appreciatedthat the generic EMC systems of this invention may also be incorporated intoany portable or stationary electric and/or electronic devices which include atleast one base unit detailed examples of which have been provided heretoforeand will be provided hereinafter. It is further appreciated that such counterunits may be provided in a micron-scale and incorporated to semiconductor chipsand circuits such as LSI and VLSI devices and that such counter units may beprovided in a nano-scale and incorporated into various nano devices includingat least one base unit which in this case may be a single molecule or acompound or may be a cluster of multiple molecules or compounds.

[229] Various aspects and/or embodiments of varioussystems, methods, and/or processes of this invention will now be described moreparticularly with reference to the accompanying drawings and text, where suchaspects and/or embodiments thereof only represent different forms. Suchsystems, methods, and/or processes of this invention, however, may also beembodied in many other different forms and, accordingly, should not be limitedto such aspects and/or embodiments which are set forth herein. Rather, variousexemplary aspects and/or embodiments described herein are provided so that thisdisclosure will be thorough and complete, and fully convey the scope of thepresent invention to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art.

[230] Unless otherwise specified, it is to be understoodthat various members, units, elements, and parts of various systems of thepresent invention are not typically drawn to scales and/or proportions for easeof illustration. It is also to be understood that such members, units,elements, and/or parts of various systems of this invention designated by thesame numerals may typically represent the same, similar, and/or functionallye- quivalent members, units, elements, and/or parts thereof, respectively.

[231] In a generic aspect of this invention, an EMCsystem includes at least one wave source and at least one counter unit andcounters harmful electromagnetic waves (to be abbreviated as the 'harmfulwaves' hereinafter) which are irradiated from the wave source with counterelectromagnetic waves (to be abbreviated as the 'counter waves' hereinafter)which are emitted from the counter units. The wave source always includes atleast one base unit which is the real source of such harmful waves,/, e., irradiating the harmful waves, affecting propagation paths of theharmful waves while maintaining or altering their amplitudes and/or phaseangles, and so on, where examples of such a base unit may include, but not belimited to, a conductive or semiconductive article such as a wire, a strip, aplate, a ring thereof, a coil thereof, a spiral thereof, and a mesh thereof allof which emit such harmful waves when electric current flows therein, aninsulative article such as a wire, a strip, a plate, a ring thereof, a coilthereof, a spiral thereof, and a mesh thereof all of which can not carry suchelectric current but emit the harmful waves when electric voltage is appliedthereacross, a permanent magnet which can affect the direction, paths, and/oramplitudes of such harmful waves, and the like. The wave source furtherincludes at least one optional part which mechanically supports or retains sucha base unit but which neither irradiates nor affects the propagation paths ofthe harmful waves, where examples of the optional part may include, but not belimited to, a case enclosing the base unit, a protective cover, a coupler, anyparts in which such current does not flow, any parts across which the voltageis not applied, and the like. The counter unit is arranged to emit such counterwaves capable of countering the counter waves, e.g., by canceling theharmful waves and/or by suppressing the ha rmful waves from propagating along aspecific direction. The counter unit may be arranged to counter the harmfulwaves in every direction from the base unit of the wave source, e.g., above, below and around such a base unit. However, such an embodiment may becostly to implement, may not be feasible, and may not be necessary,particularly when the EMC system is to be used in a specific orientation by anuser who is to be protected from such harmful waves. In such a case, thecounter is arranged to counter the harmful waves only around a specific targetspace (or area) which is generally defined between the base unit and the user(or a specific body part thereof).

[232] In order for the counter waves to counter(/.e., cancel and/or suppress) such harmful waves, there are a fewprerequisite which the counter waves must satisfy. The first is the phaseangles of the counter waves. In general, such counter waves preferably definethe phase angles which are at least partially or substantially opposite tothose of the harmful waves so that the counter waves may cancel and/or suppressthe harmful waves when propagated to the target space from the same side as thebase unit. In the alternative, the counter waves may have the phase angleswhich are at least partially similar (or identical) to those of the harmfulwaves so that such counter waves cancel and/or suppress the harmful waves whenpropagated to the target space from an opposite side of the base unit. When thesystem includes multiple counter units, each counter unit may emit the counterwaves having the same, similar or different phase angles. The next is theamplitudes of the counter waves. In contrary to the phase angles, such counterwaves may define various amplitudes which, however, effectively counter theharmful waves in the target space. When disposed closer to the target spaceman the base unit, the counter unit has only to emit the counter waves withthe amplitudes less than those of the harmful waves. By the same token, thecounter unit disposed farther from the base unit has to emit the counter waveswith the amplitudes greater than those of the harmful waves, while the counterunit disposed flush with the base unit with respect to the target space has toemit the counter waves with the similar or same amplitudes as the harmfulwaves. When the system includes multiple counter units, all of such counterunits may be disposed at similar distances from the base unit and/or targetspace or, alternatively, at least two of the counter units may be disposed at- different distances from the base unit and/or target space. In addition to thedistances and/or dispositions thereof, such counter waves may have variousintensities depending upon whether the counter waves counter the harmful wavesthroughout an entire portion of the target space or only at preset positionsinside such a target space. For example, the counter unit preferably emits thecounter waves which are capable of countering the harmful waves throughout thetarget space as the user may be situated anywhere across the target space. Whenthe user is to be situated only in preset positions of the target space,however, the counter may be shaped, sized, arranged, and then disposed to emitthe counter waves which best counter the harmful waves in such positions butnot with such an efficiency in other parts of the target space.

[233] Once the counter unit is arranged to emit thecounter waves defining proper phase angles and amplitudes, such a counter unitmay be shaped, sized, arranged, and disposed in order to counter the harmfulwaves depending on detailed countering mechanisms.

[234] In one example, the counter unit may be shaped, sized, and/or arranged similar (or identical) to the base unit, which is to bereferred to as a 'source matching' hereinafter. The basic concept of the'source matching' is that the counter unit may emit the counter waves definingwavefronts similar to a configuration (i.e., a shape, a size, and anar- rangement) of the counter unit and that such wavefronts of the counter wavesauto- matically match wavefronts of the harmful waves, and the counter wavescounter the harmful waves due to the similarity between the configurations ofthe counter and base units. When the system includes multiple base units, thesingle counter unit may then be arranged to emit the counter waves capable ofcountering the harmful waves irradiated by one of such base units or counteringa sum of the harmful waves irradiated by at least two or all of such baseunits. When the system includes multiple counter units, such counter units mayemit the counter waves capable of countering the harmful waves emitted by thesingle base unit or multiple base units. When the system includes multiplecounter and base units, such counter waves from each counter unit may counterthe harmful waves by each base unit, a sum of such counter waves from at leasttwo counter units may counter the harmful waves from one of the base units, thecounter waves from a single counter unit may counter a sum the harmful wavesfrom at least two base units, a sum of the counter waves from all of suchcounter units may then counter a sum of the harmful waves from all of the baseunits, and the like. It is preferred in this 'source matching' that the counterunit emit the counter waves with the wavefronts of the configuration similar tothat of the counter unit. It is, however, possible that such a counter unitemits the counter waves with the wavefronts with the configuration differentfrom that of the counter unit, that the wavefronts of a sum of the counterwaves emitted by multiple counter units may have the configuration differentfrom the configuration of each counter unit or the arrangement of the counterunits, and the like, as long as the counter waves may counter the harmful wavesin such a target space.

[235] In another example, the counter unit may bedisposed (i.e., oriented, aligned, and/or positioned) in such a mannerthat at least one wavefront of the counter waves may match at least onewavefront of the harmful waves, where such a mechanism will be referred to as a'wave matching' hereinafter. The basic concept of the 'wave matching' lies inthe that the counter waves may counter the harmful waves when the counter unitis disposed in such a position to match the wavefronts of such counter waveswith the wavefronts of the harmful waves as far as the configuration of thecounter unit may be properly adjusted to satisfy such 'wave matching.' When thesystem includes multiple base units, a single counter unit may be arranged toemit the counter waves capable of matching and countering the harmful wavesirradiated by one of the base units or, alternatively, matching and counteringa sum of the harmful waves irradiated by at least two or all of the base units.When such a system includes multiple counter units, the counter units may emitthe counter waves capable of countering the harmful waves emitted by a singlebase unit or multiple base units. When the system includes multiple counter andbase units, such counter waves from each counter unit may counter the harmfulwaves by each base unit, a sum of the counter waves emitted by at least twocounter units may counter the harmful waves from one of the base units, thecounter waves from a single counter unit may counter a sum the harmful wavesfrom at least two base units, a sum of the counter waves from all of suchcounter units may counter a sum of the harmful waves irradiated by all of thebase units, and the like, as long as at least one of the wavefronts of thecounter waves may match at least one of the wavefronts of the harmful waves inthe target space. Various counter units constructed based on thesource matching and/or wave matching are to be disclosed hereinafter. It isappreciated in the source matching that there does not exist any one-to-onecorrelations between the configuration of such a counter unit and theconfiguration of the counter waves emitted thereby. That is, the counter wavesof certain configuration (or wave characteristics) may be obtained by a singlecounter unit which defines a certain shape and size and is provided in acertain arrangement, by another counter unit which defines a similar shape andsize but is provided in another arrangement, by another counter unit which hasa different shape and size but is provided in a similar arrangement, by atleast two counter units defining preset shapes and sizes and provided in apreset arrangement, by the same number of counter units defining differentshapes and/or sizes or in a different arrangement, by a different number ofcounter units defining similar shapes and/or sizes or in a similar ar- rangement.lt is similarly appreciated in the above wave matching that there does notexist an one-to-one correlation between the disposition of the counter unit andthe wavefronts of the counter waves emitted by the counter unit. In otherwords, the wavefronts with certain shapes may be obtained by a single counterunit which defines a certain configuration and is disposed in a certainposition with respect to the base unit and/or target space, by another singlecounter unit which forms another configuration and which is disposed in anotherposition, by at least two counter units which have preset configurations andare disposed in preset positions, by the same number of counter units definingdifferent configurations and disposed in different positions, by a differentnumber of counter units which define different configurations and which aredisposed in different positions, and the like. It is, accordingly, appreciatedthat such counter units may be embodied in many other different forms andshould not be limited to the following aspects and/or their embodiments whichare to be set forth herein. Rather, various exemplary aspects and/orembodiments described herein are provided so that this disclosure will bethorough and complete, and fully convey the scope of the present invention toone of ordinary skill in the relevant art.

[237] In another aspect of the present invention, asingle generic counter unit may be provided for a single generic base unit tocounter the harmful waves from the base unit by the counter waves from thecounter unit. FlGs. IA to IF show top schematic views of exemplaryelectromagnetic countering mechanisms in each of which a single counter unitemits the counter waves capable of countering the harmful waves which areirradiated from a single base unit of a single wave source according to thepresent invention, where the base unit is a point source in FlGs. IA to 1C andlF, while the base unit is an elongated source in FlGs. ID and IE. It isappreciated that these figures, however, may also be interpreted in differentperspectives. For example, such figures may be interpreted as the topcross-sectional views, where the base units of FlGs. IA to 1C and IF are wiresextending perpendicular to the sheet, and the base units of FlGs. ID and IE arestrips or rectangular rods also extending normal to the sheet. In anoth- erexample, the figures may be interpreted as sectional views of more complexarticles, where the base units of FlGs. IA to 1C and IF may correspond tosections of coils, spirals, meshes, and the like, while the base units of FlGs. ID and IE may similarly correspond to sections of curvilinear rods or strips.lt is also appreciated in these figures that such base units are enclosed inthe wave sources which may be cases or other parts of such a system which donot irradiate such harmful waves. It is further appreciated in all of thesefigures that the EMC systems are disposed in such a way that the target spaceis formed to the right side of the counter and base units.

[238] In one exemplary embodiment of such an aspect ofthe invention and as described in FIG. IA, an EMC system 5 includes a singlerectangular wave source 10 and a single counter unit 40, where the source lOincludes therein a single base unit 1OB defining a shape of a point source. Thecounter unit 40 is similarly shaped as another point source and disposed to theright side of the base unit 1OB. In this arrangement, the counter unit 40 emitsthe counter waves of which wavefronts are identical to those of the harmfulwaves irradiated by the base unit 1OB. Because the counter unit 40 is dis- posedcloser to a hypothetical target space on the right side of the figure, suchcounter wavefronts always define radii of curvature smaller than those of theharmful wavefronts. Accordingly, the counter unit 40 may counter (i.e., cancel or suppress) the harmful waves only along a line connecting the counterand base units 40, 1OB or in its vicinity. It is appreciated that such anembodiment corresponds to the source matching which turns out to be ineffectivedue to a discrepancy in the radii of curvature of the wavefronts of the counterand harmful waves.

[239] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect ofthe invention and as depicted in FlG. IB, an EMC system 5 includes a singlecounter unit 40 and a single rectangular wave source 10 with a single base unit 1OB disposed therein. The base unit 1OB is similar to that of FIG. IA, however, the counter unit 40 is elongated, oriented vertically along its length, anddisposed on the right side of the base unit 1OB. Due to its elongated shape,the counter unit 40 emits the counter waves whose wavefronts are also elongatedvertically and, therefore, define the radii of curvature which are greater thanthose of FIG. IA and which match those of the harmful waves. Accordingly, sucha counter unit 40 defines a target space 50 across which the counter wavescounter the harmful waves to a preset extent. It is to be understood that suchan embodiment corresponds to the wave matching mechanism in that the counterunit 40 is shaped similar to one of the harmful wavefronts.

[240] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect ofthe invention and as depicted in FIG. 1C, an EMC system 5 includes a singlecounter unit 40 and a single rectangular wave source 10 with a single base unit 1OB disposed therein. The base unit 1OB is similar to that of FIG. IA, however, the counter unit 40 is shaped and sized to conform to one wavefront of suchharmful waves. That is, the counter unit 40 is shaped as an arc and disposed inan orientation concave to the right side of the figure or to the target space50. Because of its arcuate shape, such a counter unit 40 emits the counterwaves of which wavefronts are also arcuate and, therefore, define the radii ofcurvature which are similar or identical to those of the harmful waves. Therefore, the counter unit 40 defines a target space 50 across which thecounter waves counter the harmful waves to a preset extent. It is appreciatedthat such an embodiment corresponds to another wave matching mechanism and thatthe counter waves emitted form this arcuate counter unit 40 better match suchharmful wavefronts and define the target space 50 which expands over a widerangle around the base unit 1OB than those of FIGs. IA and IB.

[241] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect ofthe invention and as depicted in FIG. ID, an EMC system 5 includes a singlecounter unit 40 and a single rectangular wave source 10 with a single base unit 1OB. Contrary to those of the above, this base unit 1OB is rectangular andoriented vertically along its length or its long axis, and irradiates theharmful waves of which wavefronts define vertical and relatively straightportions which are attributed to the length or long axis of the base unit 1OB .The counter unit 40 is shaped and sized similar or identical to the base unit 1OB, and disposed in the same orientation as the base unit 1OB. Thisorientation may be viewed to dispose the counter unit 40 along the verticalstraight portions of the wavefronts of the harmful waves. The counter unit 40also emits the counter waves whose wavefronts define vertical and relativelystraight portions, similarly due to the length or long axis thereof. Becausesuch portions of the counter wavefronts match those of the harmful wavefronts,the counter unit 40 forms the target space 40 to the right side. Thisembodiment corresponds to the source matching, wave matching or their- combination. It is to be understood that the counter unit of FlG. IA is shapedand sized as the base unit but ineffective due to a discrepancy in the radii ofcurvature between the wavefronts of the counter and source waves. The counterunit 40 of this embodiment is similarly shaped and sized as the base unit 1OB but efficiently counter such harmful waves in the target space 50. The primaryreason of this countering lies in the fact that both of the harmful and counterwaves define along their wavefronts the vertical straight portions whichgenerally do not depend upon the radii of curvature thereof. Otherwise,configuring the counter unit 40 similar to the base unit 1OB and then disposingsuch a counter unit 10 between the base unit 1OB and target space generally donot provide an efficient countering, where further details of this frontar- rangement are to be provided below. It is appreciated that such an embodiment- corresponds to the source matching in which the counter unit 40 is shaped, sized, and/or arranged similar (or identical) to the base unit 1OB.

[242] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect ofthe invention and as depicted in FlG. IE, an EMC system 5 includes a singlecounter unit 40 and a single rectangular wave source 10 with a single base unitlOB which is similar to that shown in FlG. ID. The counter unit 40, however, isshaped and sized to conform to one wavefront of such harmful waves. Similar tothat of FlG. 1C, the counter unit 40 is shaped as an arc and disposed in anorientation concave to the right side of the figure or target space 50. Becauseof its arcuate shape, such a counter unit 40 emits such counter waves of which- wavefronts are also arcuate and, therefore, define the radii of curvature whichare similar or identical to those of the harmful waves, not only along theirvertical straight portions but also along their curved portions, mainly due tothe arcuate shape of the counter unit 40. Accordingly, such a counter unit 40defines a target space 50 which also expands over a wide angle therearound andacross which the counter waves effectively counter such harmful waves. It is tobe understood that this embodiment corresponds to another wave matchingmechanism.

[243] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect ofthe invention and as depicted in FlG. IF, an EMC system 5 includes a singlecounter unit 40 and a single rectangular wave source 10 which has a single baseunit 1OB therein. Both of the counter and base units 40, 1OB are identical tothose of FlG. IA. However, the counter unit 40 is disposed on an opposite sideof a target space 50 with respect to the base unit 1OB and aligned with thebase unit 1OB as are the cases with the preceding figures. In this ar- rangement,the counter unit 40 emits the counter waves of which wavefronts are identicalto those of the harmful waves irradiated by the base unit 1OB. Because thecounter unit 40 is disposed farther away from the target space 50, such counter- wavefronts define the radii of curvature which approach and then match those ofthe harmful wavefronts when disposed at a proper distance from the base unit 1OB. Accordingly, the counter unit 40 disposed in this rear arrangement mayeffectively counter the harmful waves and defines the target space 50 expandingover a wide angle around the base unit 1OB. It is appreciated that the soledifference between the counter units of FlGs. IA and IF is their dispositions,/.^, one disposed in the 'front arrangement' of FlG. IA and anotherdisposed in the 'rear arrangement' of FlG. IF. It is also appreciated that therear arrangement is not necessarily superior to the front arrangement and thatfurther details of selecting the proper arrangement are to be provided below Jt is further appreciated that this embodiment corresponds to the wave matchingin which the counter unit 40 is disposed at the position for matching theharmful wavefronts with the counter wavefronts.

[244] Although not included in the figures, a singlecounter unit may be disposed in an arrangement flush with the base unit withrespect to the target space, flush with a direction of propagation of theharmful waves, flush with another direction along which electric current flowsin the base or counter unit, flush with another direction in which electricvoltage is applied across the base or counter units, and so on. In this'lateral' arrangement, the radii of curvature of the counter wavefrontsautomatically match those of the harmful wavefronts and, therefore, the counterwaves effectively match and then counter the harmful waves in the target space.For this arrangement, however, the wave source has to provide a space in whichthe counter unit may be incorporated. Therefore, the counter unit may beimplemented inside the wave source and close to the base unit thereof whenapplicable. Otherwise, the counter unit may instead be disposed over, below orbeside the wave source and as close to the base unit as possible. It isap- preciated, however, that the counter unit disposed next to the base unit maypropagate the counter waves onto the base unit and obstruct normal operation ofthe base unit. Accordingly, the lateral arrangement is preferably selected only when such an arrangement may not obstruct the normal operation of the baseunit, wave source including such or EMC system including such. When the lateralarrangement does not affect the operation of the base unit but the counter unitmay not be disposed close to the base unit due to space limitations, two ormore counter units may be disposed on opposing sides (e.g., left andright, top and bottom, front and rear, and the like) of such a base unit and asclose to the base unit as possible. Such counter units may also be arranged toemit the counter waves a sum of which may be symmetric or skewed toward apreset direction based on the wave characteristics of the harmful waves.

[245] In another aspect of the present invention,multiple generic counter unit may be provided for a single generic base unitfor countering the harmful waves irradiated by the base unit with the counterwaves emitted by all of such counter units or emitted by at least two but notall of such counter units. FlGs. 2A to 2F are top schematic views of exemplaryelectromagnetic countering mechanisms in each of which multiple counter unitsemit counter waves to counter harmful waves irradiated from a single base unitof a single wave source according to the present invention, where the base unitis a point source in FlGs. 2 A to 2E, while the base unit is an elongated sourcein FlG. 2F. It is appreciated that these figures, however, may also beinterpreted in different perspectives. For example, such figures may be viewedas the top cross-sectional views, where the base units of FlGs. 2 A to 2E are wires extending perpendicular to the sheet, and the base unit of FlG. 2F is astrip or a rectangular rod also extending normal to the sheet. In anotherexample, the figures may be interpreted as sectional views of more com- plexarticles, where the base units of FlGs. 2A to 2E may correspond to sections ofcoils, spirals, meshes, and the like, whereas the base unit of FlG. 2F maysimilarly correspond to sections of curvilinear rods or strips. It is alsoappreciated in these figures that such base units are enclosed in the wavesources which may be cases or other parts of such a system which do notirradiate such harmful waves. It is further appreciated in all of these figuresthat the EMC systems are disposed in such a way that the target space is formedto the right side of the counter and base units.

[246] In one exemplary embodiment of such an aspect ofthe invention and as described in FlG. 2 A, an EMC system 5 includes two counterunits 40 and a single wave source 10 including a single base unit 1OB. The baseunit 1OB is similar to those of FlGs. IA to 1C, while a pair of counter units40 are disposed between the base Ni 1OB and a target space 50. Such counterunits 40 are also disposed symmetric to the base unit 1OB and flush with eachother with respect thereto, i.e., the counter units 40 are disposed atan equal distance from the base unit 1OB and/or target space 50. Such counterunits 40 are arranged to emit the counter waves of the same phase angles sothat the wavefronts of the counter waves from each counter unit 40 aresuperposed onto each other while increasing their amplitudes. As the counterwaves propagate, their wavefronts which correspond to a sum of each set ofwavefronts from each counter unit 40 increase their radii of curvature as ifthey are emitted by the elongated counter units of FlGs. IB to IE. Therefore,the counter wavefronts match the harmful wavefronts, and the pair of counterunits 40 match and counter the base unit 1OB while defining the target space 50expanding over a limited angle therearound. It is to be understood thatdisposing two or more counter units 40 result in flattening the wavefronts ofthe counter waves and increasing the radii of curvature of the superposedportions of the counter wavefronts. It is further appreciated that thisarrangement corresponds to the wave matching in which multiple counter units 40are disposed along one wavefront of the harmful waves.

[247] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect ofthe invention and as depicted in FIG. 2B, an EMC system 5 includes threecounter units 40 and a single wave source 10 enclosing therein a single baseunit 1OB. The base unit 1OB is similar to those of FlGs. IA to 1C, while thecounter units 40 are similar to those of FlG. 2A such that all counter units 40are disposed between the base unit 1OB and target space 50 and flush with thebase unit 1OB. However, the system 5 includes one more counter unit 40 so thatan array of three counter units 40 approximate the wavefronts of such harmfulwaves better than those of FlG. 2A. Accordingly, the counter units 40 emit thecounter waves which better counter the base unit 1OB and define the targetspace 50 expanding over a wider angle therearound than those of FlG. 2A. It isappreciated that disposing three counter units 40 result in further flatteningthe superposed wavefronts of the counter waves and also result in increasingthe radii of curvature of such portions of the wavefronts of the counter waves Jt is also appreciated that this arrangement is another wave matching where allthree counter units 40 are disposed along one wavefront of the harmfulwaves.

[248] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect ofthe invention and as depicted in FlG. 2C, an EMC system 5 includes two counterunits 40 and a single wave source 10 including a single base unit 1OB which issimilar to those of FlGs. IA to 1C. Two counter units 40 are disposed onopposite sides of the base unit 1OB at an equal distance therefrom and alsoflush with the base unit 1OB with respect to a target space 50. Similar tothose of all of the preceding embodiments, such counter units 40 emit thecounter waves defining the similar or identical phase angles so that thecounter waves emitted by each of such counter units 40 superpose onto eachother for not only increasing their amplitudes but also flattening thesuperposed portions of their wavefronts while increasing the radii of curvatureof such wavefronts. Accordingly, the counter units 40 counter the harmful wavesand define the target space 50 spanning around a rather limited angletherearound. It is appreciated that this arrangement is rather the sourcematching than the wave matching in that the counter units 40 are disposed inthe symmetric arrangement and effect the elongated counter unit arranged flushwith the base unit 1OB.

[249] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect ofthe invention and as depicted in FlG. 2D, an EMC system 5 includes threecounter units 40 and a single wave source 10 enclosing therein a single baseunit 1OB which is similar to those of FlGs. IA to IF. Contrary to those of F1G.2B, three counter units 40 are disposed on an opposite side of a target space50 with respect to the base unit 1OB. The counter units 40 are arranged flushwith each other relative to the base unit 1OB and target space 50 and alsospaced away from each other at an equal distance. Similar to those of FlGs. 2Ato 2C, both of outer counter units 4OA, 4OC are arranged to emit the counterwaves defining the phase angles at least partially opposite to those of theharmful waves so that superposed portions of the wavefronts of the counterwaves are flattened while increasing their radii of curvature. Contrary tothose of the preceding figures, a middle counter unit 4OB is arranged to emitthe counter waves defining the phase angles which are at least par- tiallysimilar to those of such harmful waves and opposite to those of the counterwaves emitted by the outer counter units 4OA, 4OC. Therefore, a net effect ofincorporating the middle counter unit 4OB is to sharpen the curvature of thesuperposed portions of the wavefronts of a sum of the counter waves and todefine the target space 50 expanding around a narrower angle around the baseunit 1OB, as manifest in a comparison between the target spaces 50 of FlGs. lFand 2D. That is, by incorporating multiple counter units 40A-40C emitting thecounter waves of the phase angles opposite to each other, it is feasible toprecisely manipulate the wavefronts of the sum of such counter waves and theirradii of curvature for better matching the wavefronts of the harmful waves. Itis appreciated that such an embodiment may corresponds to the source matching, wave matching or a combination thereof.

[250] The counter units 40A-40C of this embodiment maybe incorporated in different arrangements. For example, only two counter unitsmay be included to emit the counter waves with opposite phase angles, whereresulting wavefronts of the sum of the counter waves are not symmetric butskewed to one or an opposite side. In addition, the distances between thecounter units may be manipulated to adjust the wavefronts of a sum of thecounter waves regardless of the number of the counter units. Moreover, thecounter units emitting the counter waves defining the phase angles similar tothose of the harmful waves may be employed as the outer units to furthersharpen the superposed portions of the counter waves.

[251] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect ofthe invention and as depicted in FlG. 2E, an EMC system 5 includes threecounter units 40 and a single wave source 10 enclosing therein a single baseunit 1OB which is similar to those of FlGs. IA to 1C. The counter units 40A-40Care also similar to those of FlG. 2B so that all of such counter units 40A-40Care disposed between the base unit 1OB and target space 50 and similar to eachother, that the counter units 40A-40C emit the counter waves of the same orsimilar phase angles, and so on. However, each counter unit 40A-40C is arrangedto form an arcuate article shaped and sized to match a portion of a wavefrontof the counter waves. In addition, both of upper and lower counter units 40A,40C are spaced away from each other and also disposed along one wavefront ofthe harmful waves, whereas a middle counter unit 4OB is disposed between theupper and lower counter units 4OA, 4OC and along an adjacent wavefront of theharmful waves in such a manner that superposed portions of the wavefronts of asum of the counter waves are flattened while defining larger radii of curvatureand match the wavefronts of the harmful waves, thereby forming a target space50 which expands over a wide angle around the base unit 1OB. It is to beunderstood that this arrangement is another wave matching where all threecounter units 40A-40C are disposed along multiple wavefront of the harmfulwaves.

[252] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect ofthe invention and as depicted in FlG. 2F, an EMC system 5 includes threecounter units 40 and a single wave source 10 enclosing therein a single baseunit 1OB. While the base unit 1OB is similar to those of FlGs. ID and IE, thecounter units 40 are similar to those of FlG. 2B and emit the counter waveswhich are flattened and define vertical straight portions therealong.Therefore, the counter waves match the vertical straight portions of theharmful waves and define a target space 50 similar to that of FlG. ID. It isap- preciated that this embodiment is another source matching in which threecounter units 40 approximate the elongated base unit 1OB.

[253] In another aspect of the present invention, asingle generic counter unit may also be provided for multiple generic baseunits for countering the harmful waves from such base units by the counterwaves from the counter unit. In one example, such a counter unit may bearranged to counter a sum of the harmful waves irradiated by each base units,where detailed disposition of the counter unit may depend upon configu- rationsand/or dispositions of the base units, amplitudes and/or directions of theharmful waves irradiated by such base units, and the like. Based thereupon, thecounter unit may be disposed symmetrically to all or at least some of the baseunits, may be incorporated in the front, rear or lateral arrangement, and thelike, where such arrangements are generally referred to an 'global or overallcountering' hereinafter. In another example, the counter unit is ratherarranged to counter the harmful waves irradiated by only one of multiple baseunits, where such an arrangement is generally referred to as 'local orindividual countering' hereinafter. This local countering may only be effectivewhen other uncountered base units irradiate negligible amounts of such harmfulwaves, when other uncountered base units irradiate non-negligible amounts ofthe harmful waves to other directions than the target space, and the like.Otherwise, it is preferred to manipulate the counter unit to counter theharmful waves of the uncountered base units, to include additional counterunits for countering those harmful waves, and the like.

[254] It is appreciated that various counteringmechanisms described hereinabove for a single base unit may equally be appliedto the system with multiple base units in the global countering mechanism. Thatis, the above countering mechanisms may be applied not to such harmful wavesirradiated by the single base unit but to a sum of the harmful waves irradiatedby multiple base units. When the system is to operate in the local counteringmechanism, the aforementioned mechanisms may also be applied to each ofmultiple base units regardless of an exact number of such base units.

[255] In another aspect of the present invention,multiple generic counter unit may also be provided for multiple generic baseunits for countering the harmful waves from such base units by the counterwaves from the counter unit. In one example, multiple counter units areprovided in the same number as the base units and each counter unit is arrangedto counter only one of such base units in the local countering mechanism. Alternatively, at least one of such counter units may counter only one of suchbase units based upon the local countering mechanism, while at least oneanother of the counter units may counter at least two of the base units in theglobal countering mechanism. In another example, a less number of counter unitsare provided such that each counter unit is arranged to counter at least two ofthe base units based on the global countering mechanism, that at least one ofthe counter units counters one of the base units based on the local counteringmechanism while at least one another of the counter units counters at least twoof the base units in the global countering mechanism, and the like. In anotherexample, a greater number of counter units are provided such that each baseunit may be countered by at least two of the counter units, that at least oneof the counter units counters one of the base units in the local counteringmechanism and at least one another of the counter units may counter at leasttwo of such base units in the global countering mechanism, and so on. In all ofthese examples, any of the above front, rear or lateral countering mechanismsmay be used by the counter units, where such countering mechanisms may be sameor different for each counter unit.

[256] Configurational and/or operational variations ofsuch EMC systems and their counter units as well as configurational and/oroperational modifications of such EMC systems and their counter units asexemplified in FIGs. IA to IF and FIGs. 2A to 2F also fall within the scope ofthe present invention.

[257] As described above, a typical EMC system includesat least one wave source and at least one counter unit, where the wave sourcein turn includes or encloses at least one base unit therein and where thecounter unit may include at least one optional electric connector such as alead wire and at least one optional coupler for coupling the counter unit toother parts of the system. The EMC system may also include at least oneoptional case member which encloses at least a portion of the base unit, atleast a portion of the counter unit, and the like. Alternatively, an entireportion of the counter and/or base units may be exposed with or without such acase member.

[258] More specifically, the counter unit consists ofvarious parts such as at least one body, at least one optional support, and atleast one insert. The body of the counter unit qua litatively corresponds to thebase unit of the wave source in that such a body is the sole component of thecounter unit which emits the counter waves when the electric current flowstherein, when the electric voltage is applied thereacross, and the like.Therefore, such a body may preferably be made of and/or include at least oneelectric conductor when the electric current is to flow therein, may be made ofand/or include any electrically conductive, semiconductive or insulativematerial when the electric voltage is to be applied thereacross, and the like.The support serves to mechanically support the above body and/or retain such abody therein for mechanical protection and/or electrical isolation. The insertis typically used to augment amplitudes of the counter waves, particularly whenthe counter unit includes at least one coil of conductive wire into which suchan insert is disposed. The insert may be made of and/or include vari- ousmagnetic materials such as, e.g., ferromagnetic materials, paramagneticmaterials, diamagnetic materials, and ferrimagnetic materials, where theferromagnetic materials are the preferred ones. It is appreciated that thecounter unit is generally arranged to maintain its configuration while emittingsuch counter waves, where this fixed configuration may be embodied by formingthe body of the counter unit of rigid materials, by fixedly coupling the bodyof the counter unit to the support, and so on. In the alternative, the counterunit may be arranged to change its shape while emitting such counter waves,where this variable configuration may be embodied by forming the body of thecounter unit of elastic or deformable materials, by movably coupling the bodyof the counter unit to the support, and the like. It is appreciated that thecounter unit emitting such counter waves is to be opposed by the base unitirradiating the harmful waves of an opposite magnetic polarity. Accordingly, such a counter unit tends to move while emitting the counter waves and aspecial provision may have to be implemented when it is desirable to fix thecounter unit during its operation.

[259] The counter may be provided in variousconfigurations which typically refer to shapes, sizes, arrangements, and thelike. In general, the configuration of the counter unit depends upon the abovecountering modes (such as the source matching and wave matching) and/orcountering mechanisms (such as the front, rear or lateral arrangement, local orglobal matching, and the like) which generally depend on the configura- tionalcharacteristics of the base units, wave characteristics of the harmful waves,and the like. In addition, the configuration of the counter unit also dependsupon the shapes, sizes, orientation, and/or dispositions of the target spaceswhich are to be formed on one side of the counter unit.

[260] The shape of the counter unit may be arranged tobe identical to or similar to the shape of the base unit, where such a counterunit is to be constructed to emit the counter waves which match the harmfulwaves automatically. The shape of the counter unit may instead be arranged tobe different from the shape of the base unit, where such a counter unit may beprovided in other shapes, may be wound around the base unit, may enclose atleast a portion of the base unit therein, may be enclosed by at least a portionof the base unit, and the like. Such a counter unit may define a shape of awire, a strip, a sheet, a tube, a coil, a spiral, and/or a mesh, may define acombination of two or more of such shapes without defining any holes oropenings therethrough, may define an array of two of more of such shapes whiledefining multiple holes and/or openings therethrough, and the like, whereexamples of the combinations and/or arrays may include, but not be limited to,a bundle including multiple identical or different shapes bundling each other,a braid of multiple identical or different shapes braided along each other, andthe like. The counter unit may also be made of a mixture which includes atleast two materials and which are also provided in any of the above shapes,combinations, and/or arrays. It is appreciated that the coil (including asolenoid or a toroid), the spiral, the mesh, and the arrays thereof may beparticularly useful in the wave matching as will be described below. It is alsoappreciated that all of multiple counter units may define the same shape orthat at least two but not all of such counter units may define the same shape.Alternatively, all of such counter units may define different shapes.

[261] The counter unit may be shaped to conform to thebase unit so that the counter waves by the counter unit better match theharmful waves, where such a counter unit may be conformed to such a base unitwhile approximating the base unit or providing further details to the baseunit. Alternatively, the counter unit may be shaped to not conform to the baseunit while manipulating the counter waves to match the harmful waves. This- arrangement may be embodied when a single counter unit counters multiple baseunits or when multiple counter units counter a single base unit. It isappreciated in such an arrangement that the counter unit(s) may be providedwith proper electrical energy (e.g., current or voltage) for emittingthe counter waves capable of matching and countering the harmful waves in thetarget space. It is also appreciated that all of multiple counter units mayconform to the base unit(s) or that at least two but not all of the counterunits may conform to the base unit(s). In the alternative, all of the counterunits may not conform to the base unit(s).

[262] When one or multiple counter units are shapedsimilar or identical to one or multiple base units, the counter units arepreferably arranged to approximate the base units. When the base unit forms athree-dimensional (or 3-D) shape, the counter unit may be constructed as athree-dimensional analog with a similar shape or simpler shape, atwo- dimensional (or 2-D) analog or an one-dimensional (or 1-D) analog. When thebase unit defines a 2-D shape, the counter unit may be fabricated as a 2-D of asimilar or simpler shape or 1-D analog. When the base unit forms an 1-D shape, the counter unit may be provided as another 1-D analog defining a similar orsimpler shape. When a single counter unit has to counter multiple base units,the counter unit may approximate only a major base unit as one of such analogs,may approximate at least two of such base units into one of the analogs, andthe like. When multiple counter units counter a single base unit, each counterunit may approximate only a portion of the base unit. When multiple counterunits are to counter multiple counter units, the counter units may ap- proximatethe base units into the analogs of the same dimension or into various analogsprovided in different dimensions. It is appreciated that those analogs conformto the base units and, accordingly, that the analogs may define rather straightor curved shapes depending upon the shapes of the base units. It is alsoappreciated that the analogs preferably maintain similarity with the baseunits, where such similarity may be maintained in terms of lengths of suchcounter and base units, widths thereof, heights thereof, thicknesses thereof,diameters or radii thereof, radii of curvature thereof, numbers of revolutionsor turns thereof, ratios of such lengths, ratios of such widths, ratios of suchthicknesses or heights, ratios of such diameters or radii, ratios of suchnumbers, and the like. When a single base unit is countered by a single counterunits, such configurational parameters are defined in each of the base andcounter units. When a single counter unit counters multiple base units, suchconfig- urational parameters are defined in the counter unit, in an array of allof such base units, in an array of at least two but not all of such base units,and the like. When multiple counter units counter a single base unit, suchconfigurational parameters are defined in the base unit, in an array of all ofsuch counter units, in an array of at least two but not all of such counterunits, and the like. When multiple counter units counter the same or differentnumber of base units, such configurational parameters are also definedin- dividually or in arrays as described above.

[263] When the single or multiple counter units areshaped similar or identical to the single or multiple base units, the counterunits are instead arranged to provide details to the base units, not in a senseof adding structures not existing in the base units but in a context ofstreamlining the wavefronts of the counter waves for the better purpose ofmatching the wavefronts of such counter waves with those of the harmful waves .For example, one or multiple small counter units may be disposed around (orinside) one or more major counter units for manipulating outer (or inner) edgesof the wavefronts of a sum of the counter waves emitted by the major counterunits. In another example, one or multiple small counter units may also bedisposed closer to (or away from) one or more major counter units to manipulatethe radii of curvature of the wavefronts of a sum of the counter waves whichare emitted by the major counter units. Such small or minor counter units maybe incorporated in various relations with respect to one or more major counterunits for other purposes as well, as far as incorporation of such minor counterunits may improve matching between the counter and harmful waves in the targetspace. Accordingly, when the system includes multiple counter units, all of thecounter units may be arranged to approximate the base unit(s), all of suchcounter units may be arranged to provide details to the base unit(s), or somebut not all of the counter units may approximate the base unit(s).

[264] The counter unit may be arranged to define variouscross-sections along a longitudinal or long axis thereof, its short axis whichmay be perpendicular or otherwise transverse to the long axis, and the like. Inone example, the counter unit is arranged to define an uniform cross-sectionalong at least one of such axes so that the counter waves emitted thereby alsodefine the wavefronts defining the same shapes along such axes. In anotherexample, the counter unit may be constructed to change its cross- section alongat least one of such axes so that the counter waves emitted thereby also definethe wavefronts varying their shapes along at least one of such axes. When thesystem has multiple counter units, all of such units may define the same shapeor at least two of such counter units may define different shapes.

[265] The counter unit may be arranged to have varioussizes, where such a counter unit may emit the counter waves of properamplitudes capable of effectively countering the harmful waves thereby. Forexample, the counter unit incorporated in the front arrangement may define asmaller size than the base unit due to its closer disposition toward the targetspace, whereas the counter unit incorporated in the rear arrangement may definea larger size than the base unit due to a greater distance toward the targetspace. However, the size of the counter unit may be determined by other factorssuch as, e.g., the shape of the counter unit, amplitudes of electricenergy (i.e., electric current and/or voltage) supplied thereto, and thelike. Therefore, the counter unit in the front arrangement may define a largersize than the base unit while emitting a less amount of the counter waves peran unit area, whereas the counter unit in the rear arrangement may define asmaller size than the base unit while emitting a greater amount of the counterwaves per an unit area, and so on. That is, the size of the counter unit may bedeemed as a secondary parameter which may be determined by other factors suchas, e.g., the shape of the counter unit, amplitudes of the electricenergy supplied thereto, distances to the base unit and/or target space,arrangement of the counter unit(s), orientation thereof, and the like.

[266] The counter unit may be arranged to have varioussizes along its longitudinal axis and/or short axis. In one example, thecounter unit is arranged to define an uniform size along at least one of suchaxes so that the counter waves emitted thereby also define the wavefrontsdefining the same shapes along such axes, assuming that the same amount of theelectric energy is supplied thereto. In another example, the counter unit maybe constructed to change its size along at least one of the axes so that thecounter waves emitted thereby also define the wavefronts varying their shapesalong such axes. In addition, the counter unit may maintain the same size alongat least one of such axes while varying its shapes therealong. When the systemincludes multiple counter units, such counter units may have the same size orat least two of such units may define different sizes.

[267] Multiple counter units may also be incorporated invarious arrangements, where such counter units are arranged to emit the counterwaves capable of automatically matching such harmful waves due to thearrangement. In one example, such counter units may be incorporated into anarrangement which conform to the shape of a single base unit or conform toanother arrangement of multiple base units such that the counter waves matchthe harmful waves in the target space. In another example, the counter unitsmay be incorporated in an arrangement which does not conform to the shape ofthe single base unit or does not conform to the arrangement of multiple baseunits. This arrangement may be embodied when multiple counter units counter asingle base unit or when multiple counter units are to counter a differentnumber of multiple base units. It is appreciated in such an arrangement thatthe counter unit(s) may be provided with proper electrical energy (e.g., current or voltage) for emitting the counter waves which are capable ofmatching and countering the harmful waves in the target space. The counterunits may be disposed in an arrangement symmetric to the base unit and/ ortarget space so that the counter waves emitted thereby also match the symmet- richarmful waves. Conversely, the counter units may also be disposed in anarrangement which is asymmetric to the base unit or target space such that th- easymmetric counter waves counter the asymmetric harmful waves in the targetspace. The single counter unit or multiple counter units may be incorporated inan arrangement which encloses therein at least a portion of one or multiplebase units. Conversely, the single counter unit or multiple counter units maybe incorporated in another arrangement in which at least a portion of such acounter unit(s) may be enclosed by one or multiple base units. It isappreciated that the arrangement generally connotes a pattern of multiplecounter units but that such an arrangement may also mean an orientation and/oralignment of a single counter unit.

[268] The counter may also be provided in variousdispositions which generally refer to orientations, alignments, distances,mobilities, and the like. In general, such disposition of the counter unitdepends on such countering modes (such as the source matching or wavematching), countering mechanisms (such as the front, rear or lateralarrangement, local or global countering, and the like), configurations of thecounter unit, and the like, each of which generally depend on theconfigurational characteristics of the base units, wave characteristics of theharmful waves, and so on. In addition, the dispositions of the counter unitalso depend upon the shapes, sizes, orientation, and/or dispositions of thetarget spaces defined on one side of the counter unit. It is appreciated asrules of thumb that such counter unit(s) may be typically disposed closer tothe base unit(s) in the local countering mechanism and that the counter unit(s)may be disposed away from the base unit(s) in the global counteringmechanism.

[269] The counter unit may be disposed in variousorientations such that the counter waves emitted thereby may be properlyoriented with and counter such harmful waves. In one example, the counter unitmay be disposed in an orientation defined with respect to a direction ofpropagation of the harmful waves, e.g., by orienting its long axisnormal to the direction of such propagation. In another example, the counterunit may be disposed in another orientation which is defined with respect to adirection of the electric current or voltage, e.g., by orienting itslong axis parallel to, normal to or in a preset angle with respect to thedirection of the electric energy. In another example, the counter unit mayinstead be disposed in another orientation which is defined with respect to thelon- gitudinal and/or short axes of the base unit. It is appreciated that suchorientations of the counter unit typically depend on other configurations ofthe base unit, particularly when such a base unit is arranged to irradiate theharmful waves in a direction different from at least one of its axes, differentfrom a winding direction of its coil or other parts, and the like. When thesystem includes multiple counter units, all of such counter units may bedisposed in the same orientation, each counter unit may be disposed in adifferent orientation, at least two but not all of the counter units may bedisposed in the same orientation, and the like.

[270] The counter unit may be disposed in variousalignments such that the counter waves emitted thereby may be properly alignedwith and counter such harmful waves. In one example, the counter unit may bealigned with one or more of the above directions and/ or axes, may be wound inthe same direction as the base unit, and the like. In another example, thecounter unit may be misaligned with at least one of the above directions and/oraxes, may be wound in a direction different from that of the base unit, and thelike. When the system includes multiple counter units, all of such counterunits may be aligned in the same direction and/or axis, each counter unit maybe aligned in a different direction or axis, at least two but not all of suchcounter units may be aligned in the same direction or axis, and the like. Whenthe system includes multiple counter units, all of such counter units may bedisposed in the same alignment, each counter unit may be disposed in adifferent alignment, at least two but not all of the counter units may bealigned in the same orientation, and the like.

[271] The counter unit may further be disposed in alateral alignment, an axial alignment, a concentric alignment, and the like. Inthe lateral alignment, one or multiple counter units may be disposed side byside with respect to the base unit or between the base units along the longand/or short axes of such base unit(s). In the axial alignment, one or multiplecounter units are disposed along a direction of one or more of such axes at apreset distance(s) from such base unit(s). In the concentric alignment, one ormultiple counter units may be disposed inside the single base unit, may besurrounded with multiple base units, may enclose the single or multiple baseunits, and the like.

[272] The counter unit may be disposed in variousdistances from the base unit and/or target space. In one example, such acounter unit may be fixedly coupled to the system at a preset distance from itsbase unit so as to emit the counter waves with the wavefronts matching those ofthe harmful waves. When desirable, the counter unit may receive variableelectrical energy (i.e., current or voltage) such that the amplitudes ofthe counter waves may vary according thereto in order to counter the harmfulwaves of varying amplitudes, to define different target spaces, and the like.In another example, the counter unit may be movably coupled to the system andtranslate or rotate between two positions so as to emit the counter waves anddispose their wavefronts in different locations with respect to the harmfulwaves with or without varying the amplitudes of the counter waves. Therefore,the counter unit counters the harmful waves by the counter waves with thewavefronts of which characteristics vary according to the position of thecounter unit with respect to the base unit and/or target space. In anoth- erexample, the system may include therein multiple counter units and manipulatewave emitting operation of each of the counter units. By properly recruitingall or some of such counter units with or without manipulating the amplitudesof the counter waves emitted therefrom, the system may counter the harmfulwaves while defining the target space in various locations with respect to thebase unit. When the system include multiple counter units, all of such unitsmay be fixedly incorporated therein, all of such units may be movablyincorporated therein, or at least two but not all of such units may be movableincorporated therein, and the like.

[273] The disposition of the counter unit may beassessed in terms of the distances measured along the longitudinal axis of thebase unit, along the short axis thereof, around at least one of the axes, andthe like. The counter unit may be disposed closer to the target space than thebase unit as in the front arrangement, farther away from the target space thanthe base unit as in the rear arrangement, flush with the target space as in thelateral arrangement, and the like. When the system includes multiple counterunits, all of such units may be disposed in the same arrangement or at leasttwo of such units may be disposed in different arrangements. In addition, allof the counter units may be disposed at an equal distance from the base unitor, alternatively, at least two of such counter units may be disposed atdifferent distances therefrom. It is appreciated that the counter unit ispreferably disposed on the same side of the base unit with respect to thetarget space. When the counter unit is disposed on an opposite side of the baseunit with respect to the target space, however, the counter unit may still beable to counter the harmful waves, although such a disposition may not be thepreferred embodiment.

[274] The counter unit may be incorporated into variousparts of the system and disposed in various exposures as well. When the systemincludes the case member, the counter unit may be disposed on or over anexterior surface of the case member, on or below an interior surface of thecase member, embedded into the case member, and/or inside the case member. Sucha counter unit may instead be disposed on or over an exterior surface of thewave source, on or below an interior surface of such a wave source, em- beddedbetween such surfaces of the wave source, inside the wave source, and the like.The counter unit may also be disposed on or over an exterior surface of thebase unit, on or below an interior surface of the base unit, embedded betweensuch surfaces of the base unit, inside the base unit, and the like. Inaddition, such a counter unit may be disposed and enclosed by at least aportion of the base unit. Similarly, at least a portion or an entire portion ofthe counter unit may also be exposed through the system, through the casemember, through the wave source, through the base unit, and the like. Moreover,the counter unit may fixedly or movably couple with one or more existing partsof the system, wave source, and/or base unit or, in the alternative, may becoupled thereto by a coupler. Similarly, the counter unit may be spaced awayfrom or may form an unitary article with such a system, wave source, and/orbase unit.

[275] The counter unit may be made of and./or includevarious materials in order to emit the counter waves having proper amplitudesin response to the electric energy supplied thereto and matching the harmful waves. In one example, the counter and base units may be made of and/or includethe same materials so that such units may emit the same amount of the counterand harmful waves per an unit amount of such electric energy. In anotherexample, the counter and base units may include at least one common ma- terialand at least one different material so that such units may emit the similar butnot identical amount of the counter and harmful waves per the unit amount ofthe electric energy. In yet another example, the counter and base units may bemade of and/or include different materials so that the counter and base unitsemit different amounts of waves per the unit amount of the electric energy. Ingeneral, various characteristics of the counter and base units determined bytheir compositions may be electric resistance or conductivity, magneticpermittivity, resonance frequency, and the like. Thus, the counter unit may bearranged to define the same, similar or different conductivity, per- mittivity,and resonance frequency based on its composition. An entire portion of thecounter unit may be arranged to have an identical composition or,alternatively, various portions of the counter unit may be arranged to havedifferent compositions which may vary along the long or short axis thereof .When the system includes multiple counter units, all of such counter units mayhave the same composition, at least two but not all of the counter units mayhave the same composition, or all of such counter units may have differentcompositions, thereby also maintaining or varying the above proper- tiestherealong.

[276] As described hereinabove, precisely matching thephase angles (either opposite or similar) of the counter and harmful waves is aprerequisite for countering the harmful waves irradiated from the base unit bythe counter waves emitted by the counter unit. This phase matching may beattained by supplying proper electric energy (Le., electric current orvoltage) to such base and counter units and optionally electrically cou- plingsuch counter and base units with each other. For illustration purposes, theelectric energy supplied to the base unit is to be referred to as a 'sourceenergy' hereinafter, and the electric current and voltage of the 'sourceenergy' are to be referred to as 'source current' and 'source voltage'hereinafter, respectively. In one example, identical source current or voltagemay be supplied to the base and counter units either sequentially or- simultaneously so that such phase angles of the harmful and counter waves areproperly synchronized. In another example, the counter unit is supplied withonly a portion of the source current or voltage sequentially or simultaneously,where the phase angles of such harmful and counter waves are still synchronizedas well. In another example, the base unit is first supplied with the sourcecurrent or voltage, while the system thereafter modifies the amplitudes ordirections of the source current or voltage and then supplies the modifiedcurrent or voltage to the counter unit. As long as the phase angles of suchsource energy is maintained during modification, the counter and harmful wavesare properly phase synchronized. In another example, the base unit is sup- pliedwith the source energy, and the system provides an analog of such source energyand supplies the analog energy to the counter unit with or without modifyingthe amplitudes and/or directions thereof, where such a system may employvarious electronic components, circuits, and/or controllers to provide such ananalog. As long as the phase angles of the electric energy is maintained in theanalog energy, the counter and harmful waves are phase synchronized as well. Inanother example, the counter unit is electrically coupled to the base unit in aseries mode, in a parallel mode or in a hybrid mode, where the counter unit issupplied with the source energy, modified source energy or analog energy asdescribed above and where the counter unit may be supplied with such energysequentially or simultaneously with the base unit. When the system includesmultiple counter units, all of such counter units may be supplied with the sameenergy, at least two but not all of such units may be supplied with the sameenergy, each unit may be supplied with different energy, and the like. When thesystem includes multiple base units which are supplied with different sourceenergies, the single counter unit may be supplied with only one of suchenergies, with a combination of at least two of such energies, and the like. When the system includes multiple counter units, such units may couple with thebase unit by the same or different modes, may be supplied with the same ordifferent energies sequentially or simultaneously, and the like. It isappreciated in all of the above examples that the phase matching also dependsupon other configurations and/or dispositions of the counter unit so that adirection of winding of the counter unit, orientation of the counter unit,and/or alignment thereof may have to be considered to accomplish the properphase matching. Further details of such source and wave matchingwill be provided hereinafter. As described hereinabove, it has been understoodin such a source matching that there does not exist any one-to-one correlationsbetween the configuration of such a counter unit and the configuration of thecounter waves emitted thereby. That is, the counter waves of certainconfiguration (or wave characteristics) may be obtained by a single counterunit which defines a certain shape and size and is provided in a certainar- rangement, by another counter unit which defines a similar shape and size butis provided in another arrangement, by another counter unit which has adifferent shape and size but is provided in a similar arrangement, by at leasttwo counter units defining preset shapes and sizes and provided in a presetarrangement, by the same number of counter units defining different shapesand/or sizes or in a different arrangement, by a different number of counterunits defining similar shapes and/or sizes or in a similar arrangement. It hasalso been appreciated in such a wave matching that there does not exist anone-to-one correlation between the disposition of the counter unit and the- wavefronts of the counter waves emitted by the counter unit. In other words,the wavefronts with certain shapes may be obtained by a single counter unitwhich defines a certain configuration and is disposed in a certain positionwith respect to the base unit and/or target space, by another single counterunit which forms another configuration and which is disposed in anotherposition, by at least two counter units which have preset configurations andare disposed in preset positions, by the same number of counter units definingdifferent configurations and disposed in different positions, by a differentnumber of counter units which define different configurations and which aredisposed in different positions, and the like. However, there are a fewheuristic rules which may apply not only to the source matching but also to thewave matching. The first rule is that the counter unit disposed in the frontarrangement preferably defines a characteristic dimension greater than that ofthe base unit when other things equal so as to increase the radii of curvatureof the wavefronts of the counter waves and to attain better matching betweenthe counter and harmful waves. The second rule is the reverse of the first ruleand dictates that the counter unit disposed in the rear arrangement preferablyhas a characteristic dimension less than that of the base unit in order todecrease the radii of curvature of the wavefronts of the counter waves and toattain better matching between the counter and harmful waves. In order to matchthe amplitudes of the counter and harmful waves, however, the longer or widercounter unit in the front arrangement is arranged to emit the counter waveswith the amplitudes less than those of the harmful waves. Similarly, theshorter or narrower counter unit in the rear arrangement is arranged to emitthe counter waves defining the amplitudes greater than those of the harmful waves. The third rule is that disposing multiple counter units emitting thecounter waves of the same or similar phase angles tends to flatten the- wavefronts of a sum of the counter waves and to increase the radii of curvatureof the wavefronts of the counter waves. The fourth rule is the reverse of thethe third rule and dictates that disposing a less number of counter units tendto sharpen such wavefronts of the sum of the counter waves and to decrease theradii of curvature of the wavefronts of the counter waves. The fifth rule isthat the wavefronts of the sum of the counter waves may be sharpened and theradii of curvature of such wavefronts may be decreased when at least one butnot all of multiple counter units may be arranged to emit the counter waveswith the phase angles opposite to those of other counter units. It isappreciated that these rules do not generally apply to the counter unitsemitting the counter waves with the wavefronts defining the shapes differentfrom the shape of the counter unit, and that those rules do not generally applyto the counter units of the nonuniform emitting power either which will bedescribed in greater detail below.

[278] A main purpose of the source matching is tomanipulate the configuration of the counter unit to match that of the base unitsuch that the counter waves emitted from the counter unit better match theharmful waves irradiated from the base unit. When a system preferentiallydepends upon the source matching to counter the harmful waves, its counter unitmay preferably be disposed within a preset or reasonable distance from the baseunit, for any advantages which may be obtainable by the similarly config- uredcounter unit may be lost otherwise. It is to be understood that the sourcematching is most useful when the base unit has a simple or symmetricconfiguration or when it is reasonable feasible to construct a replica of acomplex base unit. When the system includes a single wave source includingmultiple base units or includes multiple waves sources each including at leastone base unit, the single counter unit may be arranged to attain the sourcematching with multiple base units or multiple counter units may be arranged toperform the source matching with multiple base units. The source matching mayinclude a shape matching, a size matching, an arrangement matching, adisposition matching, an intensity matching, and other configurationalmatching.

[279] Some details of the shape matching have beendisclosed heretofore. For example, the counter unit may be formed as a 3-D (orbulk) analog which is a replica or an approximation of one or multiple 3-D baseunits, may be provided as a 2-D (or planar) analog which is an approximation ofa single or multiple 3-D or 2-D base units or which is a replica of a single ormultiple 2-D base units, may also be formed as an 1 -D (or linear) analog whichis an approximation of one or multiple 3-D, 2-D or 1-D base units or which is areplica of a single or multiple 1-D base units, and the like. Similarly,multiple counter units may be constructed as 3-D analogs which are the replicaor approximation of one or multiple 3-D base units, may be formed as the 2-Danalogs which are the approximation of one or multiple 3-D or 2-D base units orwhich are the replica of a single or multiple 2-D base units, may be providedas the 1-D analogs which are the approximation of a single or multiple 3-D, 2-Dor 1-D base units or which are the replica of one or multiple 1-D base units,and the like. Such analogs may have continuous shapes or shapes with multipleholes or openings, may form solid shapes or deformable shapes, may definesymmetric or asymmetric shapes, and the like. The shapes of the analogs mayalso be determined by the foregoing countering mechanisms or, conversely, suchshapes may dictate the selection of other configurations of the analogs, propercountering mechanisms adopted thereby, and the like.

[280] The size matching may be embodied by defining thecounter unit to be larger than, similar to or smaller than the base unitwhether or not maintaining the similarity between the configurations of suchcounter and base units. Whether or not the counter unit may emit the counterwaves which have the wavefronts of the similar shapes as the counter unititself, the size of the counter unit determines an extent of dispersion or- flattening of the counter waves, edge characteristics of the wavefronts, andthe like. As described hereinabove, the size of the counter unit is alsodictated by various countering mechanisms adopted thereby, disposition thereof,amplitudes of the electrical energy supplied thereto, and the like. Conversely,the size of the counter unit may dictate the selection of other configurationsthereof, proper countering mechanisms, and the like.

[281] The disposition matching may be embodied bymanipulating the orientation of the counter unit, alignment thereof, distanceto the base unit and/or target space therefrom, its mobility, and the like. Asdescribed herein, the counter unit may be oriented in the preset relations withrespect to various axes and/or various directions, may be disposed in thefront, rear or lateral arrangement, may be aligned or misaligned with suchdirections and/or axes, may be aligned or misaligned with the base unitaxially, radially, angularly, concentrically, laterally, and the like. Thedisposition of the counter unit may also be dictated by various counteringmechanisms adopted thereby, shapes and sizes thereof, amplitudes of theelectrical energy supplied thereto, and the like. Conversely, the dispositionof the counter unit may dictate the selection of other configurations thereof,proper countering mechanisms, and the like.

[282] The intensity matching may be embodied bymanipulating the amplitudes of the counter waves emitted by the counter unitFor example, the counter waves may define the amplitudes greater than, similarto or less than those of the harmful waves when measured at a certain distancefrom the base unit, when measured across the target space or at a presetposition in the target space, and the like. The amplitudes of the counter wavesare further dictated by various countering mechanisms adopted thereby, shapesand sizes thereof, disposition thereof, amplitudes of such electrical ener- gysupplied thereto, and the like. Conversely, the amplitudes of the counter wavesmay determine the selection of other configurations thereof, proper counteringmechanisms, and the like.

[283] A main purpose of the wave matching is to disposethe counter unit along at least one of such wavefronts of the harmful waves andto emit the counter waves defining the wavefronts capable of matching andcountering those of the harmful waves. When a system preferentially depends onthe wave matching to counter the harmful waves, its counter unit may bedisposed anywhere around the base unit in any distance as long as the counterwavefronts may match the harmful wavefronts. It is appreciated that the wavematching is most powerful when the base unit defines a rather complex orasymmetric configuration or when it is impossible to construct a replica orap- proximation of a complex base unit. When such a system includes a single wavesource having multiple base units or includes multiple waves sources eachincluding at least one base unit, the single counter unit may be arranged toattain the wave matching with multiple base units or multiple counter units mayinstead be arranged to perform the wave matching with multiple base units. Theonly one disadvantage or complication as to the wave matching is that detailedshapes and distribution of the wavefronts of the harmful waves have to beassessed a priori.

[284] In one type of the wave matching, the counterwaves are emitted by at least one counter unit defining an uniform emittingcapacity in which amplitudes per an unit configuration of the counter unit suchas, e.g., its length, its width, its radius or diameter, its area,and/or its weight is maintained to be uniform thereacross. Therefore, such acounter unit emits the counter waves having the wavefronts which are simi- larlyshaped as the counter unit itself and, when disposed along the wavefront of theharmful waves, counters the counter waves while defining the target space. Inanother type of the wave matching, such counter waves are emitted by anoth- ercounter unit with a non-uniform emitting capacity in which amplitudes per theunit configuration of the counter unit vary thereacross. In such anarrangement, the counter unit emits the counter waves of the wavefronts whichare not similar to the shape of the counter unit. Therefore, the counter unitof this non-uniform capacity are disposed not along a single wavefront of theharmful waves but across at least two of such wavefronts so as to emit thecounter waves capable of matching the harmful waves and defining the targetspace.

[285] It is appreciated that the counter units with theuniform emitting capacity may also be disposed along at least two wavefronts ofthe harmful waves as exemplified in FlG. 2E. When multiple counter units aredisposed in different wavefronts of the harmful waves, such units may also bearranged to emit the counter waves of different amplitudes in order tocompensate discrepancies in the distances to the base unit therefrom. Suchcom- pensation may be attained by various means, e.g., by adjusting theshapes and sizes of the counter units, by manipulating the amount of theelectric energy supplied thereto, by controlling the orientations and/oralignments of such counter units, and the like. As far as a sum of the counterwaves defines the wavefronts which match those of the harmful waves in thetarget space, such counter units may be disposed along adjacent or space-apartwavefronts of the harmful waves in various configurations and/ ordispositions.

[286] Similar to their counterparts in the case of thesource matching, the counter unit for the wave matching may similarly define ashape of a wire, a strip, a sheet, a tube, a coil, a spiral, and/or a mesh, mayalso define a combination of two or more of such shapes without defining anyholes or openings therethrough, may define an array of two of more of suchshapes while defining multiple holes and/or openings therethrough, and so on, where examples of such combinations and/or arrays may include, but not belimited to, a bundle of multiple identical or different shapes bundling eachother, a braid of multiple identical or different shapes braided along eachother, and the like. Such a counter unit may then be disposed along the singleor multiple wavefronts of the harmful waves.

[287] The EMC systems of the present invention arespecifically intended to counter various harmful waves in a carrier frequencyrange or an extremely low frequency range from about 50 Hz to about 60 Hz oranother frequency range of less than about 300 Hz. Therefore, in the preferredembodiment of this invention, various counter units of the EMC systems arearranged to emit the counter waves in the carrier frequency range or extremelylow frequency range of from about 50 Hz to about 60 Hz or another frequencyrange of less than about 30 Hz, thereby effectively countering the harmfulwaves in the comparable frequency ranges. Considering various medical findingsand/or presumptions that a main culprit of the EM waves are those in these- frequency ranges, these counter units are believed to effectively eliminatethose harmful frequency components from the harmful waves irradiated from thebase units of various electric and electronic devices.

[288] Although not preferred, various counter units ofthe EMC systems of the present invention may also be arranged to emit thecounter waves in an ultra low frequency range of less than about 3 kHz, thecounter waves in a very low frequency range of less than about 30 kHz, and thecounter waves in a low frequency range of less than about 300 kHz forcountering those harmful waves in the same or similar frequency ranges. Thecounter units may also be arranged emit the counter waves in other fre- quencyranges such as, e.g., the radio waves of frequencies which range fromabout 5x10 Hz to about 10 Hz, microwaves of frequencies which range from about 10 Hz to about 10 Hz, and soon, in order to counter the harmful waves of similar frequency ranges. Whendesirable, the counter units may also be arranged to emit the counter wavesdefining higher frequencies such as, e.g., ultraviolet rays of frequencies ranging from about 7.5x10 Hz to about 10 Hz, X-rays of frequencies ranging from about 7xlO¹⁶ Hz to aboutlO¹⁹ Hz, gamma rays in a frequency range beyond 5xl0¹⁸Hz, and the like, for countering the harmful waves of similar frequencyranges.

[289] Such counter units may further be arranged toselectively counter specific components of the harmful waves or, alternatively ,to specifically preserve specific components of such harmful waves whilecountering (i.e., canceling and/or suppressing) the rest of the harmful waves. For example and particularly when the harmful waves include higherfrequency components, the counter units may be specifically arranged topreserve beneficial waves such as, e.g., infrared rays including farinfrared rays in a frequency range from about 300 gHz to about 10 tHz, mediu- minfrared rays in a frequency range from about 10 tHz to about 100 tHz, nearinfrared rays in a frequency range from about 100 tHz to about 700 tHz, and thelike, while countering the rest of the harmful waves including those of thecarrier frequency range and extremely low frequency ranges. Conversely, thecounter units may be arranged to emit the infrared rays including such far-,medium-, and/or near-infrared rays as well.

[290] In another aspect of the present invention, various counter units may also be implemented into the base units of variousdevices and convert such devices to the EMC systems in which the harmful deviceEM waves irradiated by their base units may be countered (i.e., canceledand/or suppressed) by the counter waves emitted by their counter units.

[291] In one exemplary embodiment of this aspect of thepresent invention, the counter units may be implemented into any base unitsshaped as electrically conductive wires, strips, sheets, tubes, coils, spirals,and/or meshes or, in the alternative, to any electrically semiconductive and/orinsulative wires, strips, sheets, tubes, coils, spirals, and/or meshes forminimizing the irradiation of the harmful waves by countering such harmful waves by the counter waves, e.g., by canceling at least a portion of theharmful waves in the target space and/or suppressing the harmful waves frompropagating to such a target space. Such counter units may be made of and/orinclude at least one material which may then be electrically conductive,insulative or semiconductive. The counter units may be implemented to any ofthe base units which have the shapes formed by one or multiple wires, strips,sheets, tubes, coils, spirals, and/or meshes, by modifying the shapes of one ormultiple wires, strips, sheets, tubes, coils, spirals, and/or meshes, where afew examples of the modified shapes may be a solenoid and a toroid each formedby modifying the shape of the coil. In general, the counter units of thisembodiment may be disposed in any of the foregoing arrangements and may counterthe harmful waves by any of the foregoing mechanisms. Accordingly, a similarlyor identically shaped and/or sized counter unit may be disposed lateral or sideby side to one or more base units, may be axially, radially or angularlyaligned with one or more base units, may enclose therein one or more baseunits, may be enclosed by one or more base units, may wind around one or morebase units, may be wound by one or more base units, and the like, based on thesource matching. In the alternative, a similarly or differently shaped and/orsized counter unit may be disposed along one or more wavefronts of the harmfulwaves irradiated by one or more base units for the wave matching. In addition,such counter units may be employed in a proper number and/or arrangement tocounter the harmful waves according to the local countering or globalcountering.

[292] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect ofthe present invention, the counter units may also be implemented into anyconventional electric and/or electronic elements such as, e.g., resistors, inductors, capacitors, diodes, transistors, amplifiers, and othersignal processors and/or regulators in order to counter the harmful waves whichare irradiated by the elements, where such electric and/or electronic ele- mentsfunction to manipulate at least one input signal supplied thereto and toproduce at least one output signal at least partially different from the inputsignal. All of the above electric and/or electronic elements may qualify as thebase units within the scope of the present invention when the unsteady currentflows therein or when the unsteady voltage is applied thereacross. In addition,the above elements may also qualify as the base units within the scope of thisinvention when any of the elements produces the unsteady output signal(/.e., the electric current or voltage) in response to the input signalwhich may be steady or unsteady. Therefore, any of the above prior art elementsand/or devices including such elements may be converted into the EMC elementsby incorporating thereinto various counter units having any of the aboveconfigurations in any of the above dispositions and/or arrangements, therebycountering the harmful waves in any of the above mechanisms. It is noted thatsuch counter units may be provided in any dimension so that such EMC elementsmay be provided in a range of microns or nanometers.

[293] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect ofthe invention, the counter units may also be incorporated into various speakersto counter the harmful waves irradiated by their base units, where examples ofthe speakers may include, but not limited to, cone-drive speakers,electrostatic speakers, and piezoelectric speakers. Therefore, any conventionaldevices including these EMC speakers such as earphones, headphones, wiredphones, mobile phones, and audiovisual devices may be converted into variousEMC systems such as EMC earphones, EMC headphones, EMC wired phones, EMC mobilephones, and EMC audiovisual systems. FIGs. 3A to 31 are schematic per- spectiveviews of exemplary counter units implemented to speakers including various baseunits according to the present invention, where FIGs. 3 A to 3D exemplify various counter units implemented into prior art cone-drive speakers andcountering their base units, while FlGs. 3E to 31 represent various counterunits implemented into conventional piezoelectric speakers and countering theirbase units. It is to be understood in FlGs. 3 A to 3D that permanent magnetsdisposed around or inside speaker cones are omitted in the figures forsimplicity of illustration or, in the alternative, that the cone- drive speakersare the magnetless speaker systems disclosed in the co-pending Application ofU.S.S.N. 60/???,??? entitled Εlectromagnetically-Countered Speaker Systems andMethods.' It is to be similarly understood in FlGs. 3E to 31 that onlyp- iezoelectric plate and electrodes are selected as representative base units ofprior art piezoelectric speakers. It is therefore appreciated that otherconductive, semi- conductive, and/or insulative parts of such speakers which mayemit the harmful waves are to be omitted from all of these figures and that, when necessary, such parts may be properly countered by resorting to any ofsuch counter units as described above. It is also appreciated in FlGs. 3 A to 3Ithat various speakers and their counter units are disposed in order to definethe target spaces on top of each figures. In one example of FlG. 3 A, a cone-drive speaker 22typically includes a cone 22C and at least one voice coil 22V wound around thecone 22C. As well known in the art, the voice coil 22V defines dynamic magneticfields therearound when supplied with source current, and interaction betweenthe dynamic magnetic fields of the voice coil 22C and static magnetic fieldsformed by permanent magnets (not included in this figure) vibrates the cone 22Cwhile generating audible sounds in response to the source current. In order tocounter the harmful waves irradiated by the voice coil 22V (i.e., thebase unit of this speaker 22), at least one counter unit 40 is disposedaccording to a preset relation to the voice coil 22V. In this example, thecounter unit 40 is formed as another coil defining a greater radius ofcurvature than the voice coil 22V. In this context, this counter unit 40 is topreferentially operate in the mode of the source matching, more particularly,the shape matching. In addition, the counter unit 40 is disposed below thetarget space and voice coil 22V in the rear arrangement so that the counterunit preferably emits such counter waves of amplitudes greater than those ofthe harmful waves due to a greater distance to the target space than the voicecoil 22V. The counter unit 40 is further aligned with a longitudinal axis ofthe voice coil 22V so that centers of the wavefronts of the counter wavescoincide with those of the wavefronts of the harmful waves. In order to ensuresuch counter waves to have the phase angles at least partially opposite tothose of the harmful waves, the source current or an analog thereof may besupplied to the counter unit 40 in a direction which is identical or oppositeto that of the source current flowing in the voice coil 22V depending on awinding direction of the wire in the counter unit 40. Accordingly, the counterunit 40 may emit the counter waves which are aligned with the harmful waves andwhich define the phase angles opposite to those of such harmful waves, therebymatching and countering the harmful waves in the target space. As mentionedabove, such a counter unit 40 may be viewed as a 3-D analog of the voice coil22V which defines the shape similar to that of the voice coil 22V but aconfiguration larger or wider than that of the voice coil 22V. When desirable,the counter unit 40 may be disposed at a preset distance from the voice coil22V in which the wavefronts of the counter waves from the counter unit 40 maymatch those of the harmful waves from the voice coil 22V as have been mentionedin the wave matching. In all of these examples, such a speaker 22 is convertedinto the EMC speaker system of this invention by the counter unit 40.

[295] The above counter unit 40 may be modified intoother configurations, may be implemented into other dispositions, and/or maycounter the harmful waves in other mechanisms. For example, such a counter unitmay have a different radius of curvature which may be smaller than that of thevoice coil, which may be constant or may change along its longitudinal axis,and the like. In another example, the counter unit may be disposed in the frontarrangement while defining a radius of curvature which may be greater than,similar to or less than that of the voice coil. In another example, two or moresimilarly or differently shaped counter units may be disposed in variousar- rangements for such local or global countering.

[296] In another example of FIG. 3B, a cone-drivespeaker 22 also includes a cone 22C and at least one voice coil 22V woundaround the cone 22C. In order to counter the harmful waves irradiated by thevoice coil 22V, at least one counter unit 40 is shaped similar to the voicecoil 22V and is disposed according to a preset relation to the voice coil 22V Jn this example, this counter unit 40 is to operate based on the sourcematching, more particularly, the shape matching. In addition, the counter unit40 is disposed around at least a portion of the voice coil 22V in the lateraland concentric arrangements so that the counter unit preferably emits thecounter waves of the amplitudes similar to or slightly less than those of theharmful waves due to a similar or slightly greater distance to the target spaceman the voice coil 22V. The counter unit 40 is also aligned with thelongitudinal axis of the voice coil 22V such that centers of the wavefronts ofthe counter waves align with those of the wavefronts of the harmful waves. Thesource current or an analog thereof may also be supplied to the counter unit 40in a direction which is identical or opposite to that of the source currentflowing in the voice coil 22V based on a winding direction of the wire in thecounter unit 40 in order to ensure the counter waves to define the phase anglesat least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves. Accordingly, thecounter unit 40 emits the counter waves which are aligned with the harmfulwaves and define such phase angles opposite to those of the harmful waves,thereby matching and countering the harmful waves in the target space. Whendesirable, the counter unit 40 may be disposed at a preset radial or axialdistance from the voice coil 22V in which the wavefronts of the counter wavesfrom the counter unit 40 may match those of the harmful waves from the voicecoil 22V as have been mentioned in the wave matching. In all of these examples,the speak 22 is converted into such an EMC speaker system of this invention bythe counter unit 40. Other configurational and/or operational characteristicsof the counter unit 40 of FIG. 3B are similar or identical to those of thecounter unit of FIG. 3A.

[297] The above counter unit 40 may be modified intoother configurations, may be implemented into other dispositions, and/or maycounter the harmful waves in other mechanisms. For example, such a counter unitmay have a different radius of curvature which may be smaller than that of thevoice coil and may be disposed inside the cone, which may be constant or mayvary along its longitudinal axis, and the like. In another example, such acounter unit may be disposed to enclose a different portion of the voice coilor to enclose an entire portion thereof while defining a radius of curvaturegreater than, similar to or less than that of the voice coil. In anotherexample, multiple similarly or differently shaped counter units may be disposedin various arrangements for such local or global countering. It is to beunderstood in FIGs. 3A and 3B that the voice coils and counter units may bereplaced by each other. That is, each figure may be interpreted such that anouter coil represents the larger voice coil and that an inner coil is a counterunit which is enclosed by the outer voice coil, where other features of FIGs.3A and 3B also apply thereto.

[298] In another example of FIG. 3C, a cone-drivespeaker 22 also includes a cone 22C and at least one voice coil 22V woundaround the cone 22C. In order to counter the harmful waves irradiated by thevoice coil 22V, a counter unit 40 is made of a mesh having multiple openingstherein and wrapped into an annular tube in an arrangement similar to that ofthe voice coil 22V. The counter unit 40 is then disposed around at least aportion of the voice coil 22V in the lateral and concentric arrangements sothat the counter unit 40 emits the counter waves of the amplitudes similar toor slightly less than those of the harmful waves due to a similar or slightlygreater distance to the target space than the voice coil 22V. The counter unit40 is further aligned with the longitudinal axis of the voice coil 22V so thatcenters of the wavefronts of the counter waves align with those of thewavefronts of such harmful waves. The source current or an analog thereof maybe supplied to the counter unit 40 in a direction which ensures the counterwaves to have the phase angles at least partially opposite to those of theharmful waves. Accordingly, the counter unit 40 emits the counter waves whichare aligned with the harmful waves and have the phase angles opposite to thoseof the harmful waves, thereby matching and countering such harmful waves in thetarget space. When desirable, the counter unit 40 may be disposed at a presetradial or axial distance from the voice coil 22V in which the wavefronts ofsuch counter waves by the counter unit 40 may match those of the harmful wavesfrom the voice coil 22V as described in the wave matching. In all of theseexamples, the speak 22 is converted into the EMC speaker system of thisinvention by including the counter unit 40 therein. Other configurationaland/or operational characteristics of such a counter unit 40 of FIG. 3C aresimilar or identical to those of the counter units of FIGs. 3 A and 3B.

[299] The above counter unit 40 may be modified intoother configurations, may be implemented into other dispositions, and/or maycounter the harmful waves in other mechanisms. For example, such a counter unitmay be formed as a solid annular tube of other shapes without any openings, anannular porous tube of other shapes, and the like. In another example, thecounter unit may define a different radius of curvature which may be smallerthan that of the voice coil and may be disposed in the cone, which may beconstant or may vary along its longitudinal axis, and the like. In anotherexample, such a counter unit may be disposed to enclose a different portion ofthe voice coil or to enclose an entire portion thereof while having a radius ofcurvature greater than, similar to or less than that of the voice coil. Inanother example, multiple similarly or differently shaped counter units mayalso be disposed in various arrangements for such local or globalcountering.

[300] In another example of FIG. 3D, a cone-drivespeaker 22 also includes a cone 22C and at least one voice coil 22V woundaround the cone 22C. In order to counter the harmful waves irradiated by thevoice coil 22V, a counter unit 40 is provided as a sheet of a mesh havingmultiple openings therein. This counter unit 40, however, is made of a meshwhich is slightly different from that of FIG. 3C. For example, the mesh of FIG.3D defines multiple openings formed between concentric and radial wires of thecounter unit 40, while the mesh of FIG. 3C defines multiple openings formedbetween horizontal and vertical wires of its counter unit. Such a counter unit40 is disposed over the voice coil 22V in the front arrangement so that thecounter unit 40 emits the counter waves of amplitudes less than those of theharmful waves due to a shorter distance to the target space than the voice coil22V. A center of the counter unit 40 is also aligned with the longitudinal axisof the voice coil 22V so that centers of the wavefronts of the counter wavesalign with those of the wavefronts of the harmful waves. The source current orits analog may also be supplied to the counter unit 40 in a direction whichensures the counter waves to have the phase angles at least partially oppositeto those of the harmful waves. Accordingly, the counter unit 40 emits thecounter waves which are aligned with the harmful waves and have the phaseangles opposite to those of the harmful waves, thereby matching and counteringsuch harmful waves in the target space. When desirable, the counter unit 40 mayalso be disposed at a preset radial or axial distance from the voice coil 22V, where the wavefronts of the counter waves by the counter unit 40 may matchthose of the harmful waves from the voice coil 22V as described in the wavematching. In all of these examples, the speak 22 is converted into the EMCspeaker system of this invention by including such a counter unit 40 therein.Further configurational and/or operational characteristics of such a counterunit 40 of FlG. 3D are similar or identical to those of the counter units ofFTGs. 3A to 3C.

[301] The above counter unit 40 may be modified intoother configurations, may be implemented into other dispositions, and/or maycounter the harmful waves in other mechanisms. For example, such a counter unitmay be formed as a solid sheet of other shapes without any openings, a poroussheet of other shapes, and the like. More particularly, the counter unit mayfurther be contoured to be concave upward (or downward) for better matching thewavefronts of such counter waves with those of the harmful waves. In anotherexample, the counter unit may be disposed at a different distance from the baseunit, may be disposed over a different portion of the voice coil, and the likeJn another example, multiple similarly or differently shaped counter units mayalso be disposed in various arrangements for such local or globalcountering.

[302] In another example of FIG. 3E, a piezoelectricspeaker 22 includes a piezoelectric plate 22P, a pair of electrodes 22E, and ametal plate 22M, where each of the electrodes 22E is fixedly coupled to each ofopposite sides of the piezoelectric plate 22P (to be referred to as a 'piezoplate' hereinafter), while the metal plate is fixedly attached to one of suchelectrodes 22E. As well known in the art, the piezo plate 22P is arranged tovibrate when alternating source voltage is applied thereacross by suchelectrodes 22E, where the metal plate 22M mechanically supports the piezo plate22P and electrodes 22E but is generally arranged not to vibrate with the piezoplate 22P, where an assembly of the piezo plate 22P and electrodes 22E arefrequently referred to as a 'piezoelectric element.' Accordingly, thepiezoelectric speaker 22 generates audible sounds in response to the sourcevoltage while irradiating the harmful waves by its base units 22P, 22E in thepiezoelectric element. The metal plate 22M may be included in the base unit aswell depending on whether or not the metal plate 22M may affect paths of theharmful waves therealong. In order to counter the harmful waves irradiated fromsuch base units, at least one counter unit 40 is preferably disposed in apreset relation to various base units 22P, 22E of the piezoelectric speaker 22.In this example, the counter unit 40 is provided as a 3-D replica of the thebase units 22P, 22E which similarly includes a piezo plate, two electrodesattached to the sides of the piezo plate, and a metal plate. In this context,this counter unit 40 is to preferentially operate on the source matching or,more specifically, the shape matching. In order to prevent such a counter unit40 from generating any audible sounds, however, the piezo plate of this counterunit 40 may be fixedly coupled to a metal plate thereof or otherwise arrangedto not vibrate in response to source voltage or an analog thereof suppliedthereto. In addition, the counter unit 40 is disposed below the piezoelectricspeaker 22 in the rear arrangement such that the counter unit 40 preferablyemits the counter waves of amplitudes greater than those of such harmful wavesdue to a greater distance to the target space than the base units 22P, 22E. Thecounter unit 40 is aligned with a longitudinal axis of the speaker 22 so thatcenters of the wavefronts of the counter waves coincide with those of thewavefronts of the harmful waves. To ensure such counter waves to define thephase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, thesource current or its analog may be supplied to the counter unit 40 in adirection opposite to that of the source current flowing in the speaker 22.Therefore, the counter unit 40 may emit the counter waves which are alignedwith the harmful waves and which define the phase angles opposite to those ofsuch harmful waves, thereby matching and countering the harmful waves in thetarget space. As mentioned above, the counter unit 40 may be viewed as a 3-Danalog of the piezoelectric speaker 22 defining the similar shape but aconfiguration larger or thicker than that of the speaker 22. When desirable,the counter unit 40 may be disposed at a preset distance from the speaker 22 inwhich the wavefronts of the counter waves from the counter unit 40 may matchthose of the harmful waves from the speaker 22 as have been mentioned in thewave matching. In all of the examples, the speaker 22 is converted into the EMCspeaker system of this invention by including the counter unit 40 therein. The above counter unit 40 may be modified intoother configurations, may be implemented into other dispositions, and/or maycounter the harmful waves in other mechanisms. For example, such a counter unitmay have a different radius and/or height while maintaining an aspect ratio ofthe speaker or varying such a ratio. In another example, such a counter unitmay have a shape defining the similar aspect ratio but include the plates andelectrodes of thicknesses which are different from those of the speaker. Inanother example, the counter unit may also be disposed in the front ar- rangementin which an upper article of the figure may be viewed as the counter unit and alower article may be interpreted as the speaker. In another example, two ormore similarly or differently shaped counter units may be disposed in variousarrangements for the local or global countering. It is appreciated that thecounter unit may have the shape similar to that of the piezoelectric speakerbut may be made of and/or include different materials. For example, the counterunit may have a plate made of and/or including insulative or semiconductivematerials which are not piezoelectric but define an electric resistivitysimilar to that of the piezo plate of the speaker. In another example, theelectrodes and/or metal plate may be made of and/or include materials dif- ferentfrom those of the speaker but cheaper. As far as the counter unit may emit thecounter waves capable of countering the harmful waves in the target space, thecounter unit may define various configurations and may be made of and/orinclude various materials. [304] It is also appreciated that the counter unititself may also operate as an additional piezoelectric speaker which issupplied with the source voltage and generate the audible sounds identical tothose produced by the speaker. However, the counter unit speaker is arranged toemit the counter waves having the phase angles at least partially opposite tothose of the harmful waves, thereby countering the harmful waves by the counterwaves while generating the same audible sounds as the speaker. Such a counterunit may be embodied in various arrangements. For example, the speaker andcounter unit may be axially or angularly aligned with each other, while thesource voltage is supplied thereto in opposite directions. In another example, the source voltage may be supplied to both the speaker and counter unit in thesame direction, but the counter unit is configured and/or oriented in such amanner that the counter waves define the phase angles which are opposite tothose of the harmful waves. As long as the piezo plate of the counter unitvibrates in the same direction as that of the speaker and as long as thecounter unit as a whole emits the counter waves matching and countering theharmful waves, the counter unit may define various configurations, may bedisposed in various orientations or alignments, and/or may be supplied with thesource voltage along various directions.

[305] In another example of FIG. 3F, a piezoelectricspeaker 22 similarly includes a piezoelectric plate 22P, a pair of electrodes22E, and a metal plate 22M as that of FIG. 3E. In order to counter the harmfulwaves irradiated from such base units, at least one counter unit 40 ispreferably disposed in a preset relation to the base units 22P, 22E of thespeaker 22. In this example, the counter unit 40 is formed as a coil ofconductive wire similar to that of FIG. 3B. In this context, such a counterunit 40 is to operate on the wave matching. The counter unit 40 is disposedbelow the piezoelectric speaker 22 in the rear arrangement so that the counterunit 40 emits the counter waves of amplitudes greater than those of the harmfulwaves due to a greater distance to the target space than the base units 22P,22E. Such a counter unit 40 is aligned with a longitudinal axis of the speaker22 so that centers of the wavefronts of the counter waves coincide with thoseof the wavefronts of the harmful waves. To ensure such counter waves to havethe phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, thesource current or its analog may be supplied to the counter unit 40 in adirection opposite to that of the source current flowing in the speaker 22.Therefore, the counter unit 40 may emit the counter waves aligned with theharmful waves and having the phase angles opposite to those of the harmfulwaves, thereby matching and countering the harmful waves in the target space. When desirable, the counter unit 40 is disposed at a preset distance from thespeaker 22 in which the wavefronts of such counter waves by the counter unit 40may match those of the harmful waves by the speaker 22 as have been mentionedin the wave matching. In all of the examples, the piezoelectric speaker 22 isconverted into the EMC speaker system of the present invention by incorpo- ratingthe counter unit 40 therein. Further configurational and/or operationalcharac- teristics of the counter unit 40 shown in FIG. 3F are similar oridentical to those of the counter units of FIG. 3E.

[306] The above counter unit 40 may be modified intoother configurations, may be implemented into other dispositions, and/or maycounter the harmful waves in other mechanisms. For example, such a counter unitmay be disposed in a different distance from the base units or may enclose oneor more of the base units therein. In another example, the counter unit maydefine a radius of curvature which may be smaller than that of the speaker. Inanother example, such a counter unit may have the radius which may be constantor may change along its longitudinal axis. In another example, multiple similaror different counter units may be disposed in various arrangements for thelocal or global countering.

[307] In another example of FIG. 3G, a speaker 22similarly includes a piezoelectric plate 22P, a pair of electrodes 22E, and ametal plate 22M as that described in FIG. 3E. In order to counter the harmfulwaves irradiated from such base units, at least one counter unit 40 ispreferably disposed in a preset relation to the base units 22P, 22E of thespeaker 22. In this example, the counter unit 40 is formed as a mesh ofconductive wire similar to that of FIG. 3C. In this context, the counter unit40 is to operate on the wave matching. The counter unit 40 is disposed belowthe piezoelectric speaker 22 in the rear arrangement so that the counter unit40 emits the counter waves of amplitudes greater than those of the harmfulwaves due to a greater distance to the target space than the base units 22P,22E. Such a counter unit 40 is aligned with a longitudinal axis of the speaker22 so that centers of the wavefronts of the counter waves coincide with thoseof the wavefronts of the harmful waves. To ensure such counter waves to havethe phase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, thesource current or its analog may be supplied to the counter unit 40 in adirection opposite to that of the source current flowing in the speaker 22.Therefore, the counter unit 40 may emit the counter waves aligned with theharmful waves and having the phase angles opposite to those of the harmfulwaves, thereby matching and countering the harmful waves in the target space.When desirable, the counter unit 40 is disposed at a preset distance from thespeaker 22 in which the wavefronts of such counter waves by the counter unit 40may match those of the harmful waves by the speaker 22 as have been mentionedin the wave matching. In all examples, such a piezoelectric speaker 22 isconverted to the EMC speaker of the present invention by the counter unit 40.Other configurational and/or operational characteristics of the counter unit 40of FIG. 3G are similar or identical to those of the counter units of FIGs. 3Eand 3F.

[308] The above counter unit 40 may be modified intoother configurations, may be im- plemented into other dispositions, and/or maycounter the harmful waves in other mechanisms. For example, such a counter unitmay be formed as a solid annular tube of other shapes without any openings, anannular porous tube of other shapes, and the like. In another example, thecounter unit may define a different radius of curvature which may be smallerthan those of the base units and may be disposed therein, which may be constantor may vary along its longitudinal axis, and the like. In another example, sucha counter unit may be disposed to enclose therein at least a portion or entireportion of the base units while having a radius of curvature which is greaterthan, similar to or less than that of the base units. In another example,multiple similarly or differently shaped counter units may be disposed invarious arrangements for such local or global countering.

[309] In another example of FIG. 3H, a speaker 22similarly includes a piezoelectric plate 22P, a pair of electrodes 22E, and ametal plate 22M as that described in FIG. 3E. In order to counter the harmfulwaves irradiated from such base units, at least one counter unit 40 ispreferably disposed in a preset relation to the base units 22P, 22E of thespeaker 22. In this example, the counter unit 40 is formed as a 3-D analog ofthe base units 22P, 22E, where such an analog corresponds to an approximationof the base units 22P, 22E, and consists of a preset number of concentric ringsof wire interconnected by another preset number of arcuate wires. In thiscontext, such a counter unit 40 is to preferentially operate on the sourcematching. The counter unit 40 is disposed above the piezoelectric speaker 22 inthe front arrangement so that the counter unit 40 emits the counter waves ofamplitudes less than those of the harmful waves due to a shorter distance tothe target space. Such a counter unit 40 is aligned with a longitudinal axis ofthe speaker 22 such that centers of the wavefronts of the counter wavescoincide with those of the wavefronts of the harmful waves. To ensure suchcounter waves to have the phase angles at least partially opposite to those ofthe harmful waves, the source current or its analog may be supplied to such acounter unit 40 along a direction opposite to that of the source currentflowing through the speaker 22. Accordingly, the counter unit 40 may emit thecounter waves aligned with the harmful waves and having the phase anglesopposite to those of the harmful waves, thereby matching and countering theharmful waves in the target space. In this respect, this counter unit 40similar to that of FIG. 3D, except that this counter unit 40 defines a contourwhich is concave downward. When desirable, the counter unit 40 is disposed at apreset distance from the speaker 22 where the wavefronts of such counter wavesby the counter unit 40 may match those of the harmful waves by the speaker 22as have been mentioned in the wave matching. In all of the examples, such apiezoelectric speaker 22 is converted into the EMC speaker of this invention bythe counter unit 40. Other configurational and/or operational characteristicsof the counter unit 40 of FIG. 3H are similar or identical to those of thecounter units of FlGs. 3E to 3G.

[310] The above counter unit 40 may be modified intoother configurations, may be implemented into other dispositions, and/or maycounter the harmful waves in other mechanisms. For example, such a counter unitmay be formed as a solid concave sheet of other shapes without any openings, aporous sheet of other shapes, and the like, in which the counter unit mayinclude different number of rings or arcs and define the openings of differentshapes. In another example, the counter unit may consists of multiple sectionseach of which may be supplied with the electric voltages of dif- ferentamplitudes and/or directions for better approximating the base units. Suchsections may be formed concentrically so that different voltages may be appliedin a radial direction or, alternatively, may be formed angularly so thatdifferent voltages may be applied in an angular direction. In another example,multiple similarly or differently shaped counter units may be disposed in various arrangements for such local or global countering.

[311] In another example of FlG. 31, a speaker 22similarly includes a piezoelectric plate 22P, a pair of electrodes 22E, and ametal plate 22M as that described in FlG. 3E. In order to counter such harmfulwaves irradiated from such base units, at least one counter unit 40 ispreferably disposed in a preset relation to the base units 22P, 22E of thespeaker 22. In this example, the counter unit 40 is formed as an annular tubeJn this context, the counter unit 40 is to operate on the source matching. Thecounter unit 40 is disposed around the piezoelectric speaker 22 in the flush orconcentric arrangement so that the counter unit 40 emits the counter wavesdefining amplitudes similar to those of the harmful waves due to a distance tothe target space similar to that from the base units 22P, 22E. The counter unit40 is aligned with a longitudinal axis of the speaker 22 so that centers of thewavefronts of the counter waves coincide with those of the wavefronts of theharmful waves. To ensure such counter waves to have the phase angles at leastpartially opposite to those of the harmful waves, the source current or itsanalog may be supplied to the counter unit 40 in a direction opposite to thatof the source current flowing in the speaker 22. Accordingly, the counter unit40 may emit the counter waves aligned with the harmful waves and defining thephase angles opposite to those of such harmful waves, thereby matching andcountering the harmful waves in the target space. When desirable, the counterunit 40 is disposed at a preset distance from the speaker 22 in which thewavefronts of such counter waves by the counter unit 40 match those of theharmful waves by the speaker 22 as have been mentioned in the wave matching. Inall examples, the piezoelectric speaker 22 is converted to the EMC speaker ofthis invention by the counter unit 40. Other configurational and/or opera- tionalcharacteristics of the counter unit 40 of FlG. 3G are similar or identical tothose of the counter units of FlGs. 3E and 3F. [312] The above counter unit 40 may be modified intoother configurations, may be implemented into other dispositions, and/or maycounter the harmful waves in other mechanisms. For example, such a counter unitmay be formed as a porous annular tube of other shapes, an annular solid tubeof other shapes, and the like. In another example, the counter unit may definea different radius of curvature which may be smaller than that of the baseunits and disposed therein, which may be constant or may vary along it- slongitudinal axis, and the like. In another example, such a counter unit may bedisposed to enclose therein a different portion of the base units while havinga radius of curvature greater than, similar to or less than that of the baseunits. In another example, multiple similarly or differently shaped counterunits may be disposed in various arrangements for the local or globalcountering. In all of the examples, the speaker 22 is converted into the EMCspeaker of this invention by the counter unit 40. Other configurational and/oroperational characteristics of the counter unit 40 of FIG. 31 are similar oridentical to those of the counter units of FIGs. 3E and 3G.

[313] The above counter units exemplified in FIGs. 3 A to3I as well as those described hereinabove may be disposed in any of the abovearrangements and may counter the harmful waves by any of the foregoingmechanisms. Accordingly, the counter unit which may be shaped similar oridentical to one or more of the base units of various speakers may be disposedlateral or side by side to one or more base units, may be axially, radially,and/or angularly aligned with one or more base units, may enclose therein oneor more base units, may be enclosed by one or more base units, may wind aroundone or more base units, may be wound by one or more base units, and so on, whensuch a counter unit is to operate based on the source matching. Alternatively,the counter unit which may be shaped similar to or different from one or moreof the base units may be disposed along one or more wavefronts of the harmfulwaves irradiated by one or more base units for the wave matching. In addition,such counter units may be employed in a proper number and/or arrangement tocounter such harmful waves based on the local countering or globalcountering.

[314] As described hereinabove, further details ofvarious EMC speakers and various counter units of such EMC speakers havealready been provided in various co-pending Applications one of which isentitled 'Electromagnetically-Shielded Actuator Systems and Methods' andcarrying a Serial Number U.S. S.N. 11/440,135 and another of which is entitled'Electromagnetically-Countered Speaker Systems and Methods' and carrying aSerial Number of 60/???,???. Accordingly, various conventional devices withsuch EMC speakers can be converted into the EMC systems capable of performingtheir intended functions while countering such harmful waves irradiated bytheir motors by such counter units.

[315] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect ofthe invention, the counter units may also be incorporated into variousmicrophones which are inverse examples of such speakers and which also havevarious base units which are similar to those of the speakers, where examplesof the base units may include, but not be limited to, electromagnets, permanentmagnets, any parts of such microphones through which the unsteady currentflows, and any of such parts across which the unsteady voltage is applied.Therefore, any prior art devices which include such EMC microphones such asstandalone microphones, wired phones, mobile phones, audio devices, audiovisu- aldevices, and assemblies of an earphone and microphone may be converted in- tovarious EMC systems such as, e.g., EMC standalone microphones, EMC wiredor mobile phones, EMC audio systems, EMC audiovisual systems, and such EM- Cassemblies, where various counter units of any of the above configurations maybe incorporated thereinto in any of the above dispositions and/or arrangementsand may counter the harmful waves in any of the above mechanisms. In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect ofthe invention, the counter units may also be incorporated into various motorsto counter such harmful waves irradiated by their base units, where such motorsfunction to convert the electric energy into mechanical energy or electromotiveforce and where examples of the motors may also include, but not be limited to,DC motors, universal motors, AC synchronous motors, AC induction motors, linearor step motors, and the like. Therefore, any prior art devices (or actuators)including these EMC motors such as kitchen appliances (e.g., foodprocessors, mixers, juicers, grinders, blenders, squeezers, dish washers,refrigerators, freezers, ice makers, can openers, food dryers, coolers, foodsteamers, garbage compactors, garbage disposals, and the like), cookingappliances (e.g., electric grills, electric ovens, electric stoves,electric ranges, electric toast ovens, electric toasters, their electric fans,coffee makers, espresso makers, heating bottles, and the like), householdappliances (e.g., cloth washers, cloth dryers, air conditioners, gara- geopeners, dry or wet vacuum cleaners, and the like), tools (e.g., electric drills, electric saws, electric grinders, electric screwdrivers,electric nail guns, electric staple guns, electric sanders, electric grinders,and the like), and/or personal hygiene devices (e.g., electrictoothbrushes, electric razors, electric hair dryers, and the like) may all be- converted into various EMC systems such as EMC kitchen appliances, EMC cookingappliances, EMC household appliances, EMC tools, EMC hygiene systems, and thelike. In general, the DC motor includes at least one stator with at least onepermanent magnet and at least one rotor with at least one electromagnet, the- universal motor has at least one stator with at least one electromagnet and atleast one rotor with at least one electromagnet, the synchronous AC motorincludes therein at least one stator with at least one electromagnet and arotor having at least one permanent magnet, an induction AC motor includes atleast one stator with at least one electromagnet and at least one rotor with atleast one electric conductor, a linear motor includes therein at least onestator with at least one electromagnet and at least one rotor with at least onepermanent magnet, and the like. Therefore, the base units of the motors mayinclude the rotors, stators, permanent magnets, any parts of the motors inwhich the unsteady current flows, any of such parts across which the un- steadyvoltage applies, and the like. FlGs. 4A to 4F show schematic perspective viewsof exemplary counter units which are implemented into motors with various baseunits according to the present invention, where FlGs. 4 A to 4C exemplify various counter units implemented into prior art rotors of such motors, whereasFIGs. 4D to 4F describe various counter units implemented into variousconventional stators of the motors. It is appreciated that detailedconfigurations of the stators are omitted in FlGs. 4A to 4C, while only statorsare included and the matching rotors are omitted in FlGs. 4D to 4F both forsimplicity of illustration. It is, accordingly, appreciated that other- conductive, semiconductive, and/or insulative parts of the motors which mayemit the harmful waves are to be omitted in all of these figures and that, whennecessary, such parts may be properly countered by resorting to any of suchcounter units as described above. It is also appreciated in FlGs. 4 A to 4F thatvarious motors and their counter units are disposed so as to define the targetspaces therearound, in the front of such motors {i.e., top of thefigures) or in the rear thereof {i.e., bottom of the figures). It isfurther appreciated that details of various counter units of this embodimenthave been disclosed in the co-pending Application of U.S.S.N. 60/???,???entitled Εlectromag- netically-Countered Actuator Systems and Methods.' In one example of FlG. 4A, a motor 24 includes arotor unit 25 and a stator unit 26, where such a rotor unit 25 is rotatablydisposed inside or enclosed by the stator unit 26. The rotor unit 25 includes asingle inner base rotor 25N of an electromagnet, while the stator unit 26includes a single inner base stator 26N of a permanent magnet. As well known inthe art, such a base rotor 25N defines dynamic magnetic fields as the sourcecurrent flows therein, and an interaction between the dynamic magnetic fieldsof the base rotor 25 and static magnetic fields of the base stator 26N rotatesthe rotor unit

25 in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, while reversingthe direction of the source current to the base rotor 25N to maintain rotationof the rotor unit 25 in every 180°. During its rotation, the rotorunit 25 irradiates the harmful waves as the source current flows therein, whilethe stator unit 26 receives and then transmits such harmful waves therethroughwhile affecting propagation paths of the harmful waves depending uponpolarities of the harmful waves. In this context, both the rotor and statorunits 25,

26 or, more specifically, the base rotor and stator 25N, 26N serve asthe base units for this motor 24. In order to counter the harmful wavesirradiated by the base units 25N, 26N, at least one counter unit 40 ispreferably disposed in a preset relation to such base units 25N, 26N of themotor 25. In this example, the counter unit 40 includes a pair of outer counterrotors 25U and an optional outer stator 26U, where each of the counter rotors25U is shaped as another electromagnet similar to that of the base rotor 25Nand where the counter stator 26U is shaped as another permanent magnet similarto that of the base stator 26N. In this context, the counter rotors 25U operateon the source matching. More specifically, the counter rotors 25U are disposedlaterally to the base rotor 25N and oriented to abut the same magnetic poles ofthe base rotor 25N. In addition, the counter units 25U mechanically couple withthe base rotor 25N such that the above lateral arrangement and abuttingorientation may be maintained during the rotation of the rotor unit 25. Therefore, the counter rotors 25U may emit such counter waves which are alignedwith the harmful waves and which define the phase angles at least partiallyopposite to those of the harmful waves, thereby matching and countering theharmful waves in the target space. Similar to the counter rotors 25U, thecounter stator 26U is disposed in the lateral and concentric arrangements tothe base stator 26N and abuts the same magnetic poles of the base stator 26N. Accordingly, the counter stator 25N may emit such counter waves which arealigned with the harmful waves and which also defines the phase angles at leastpartially opposite to those of the harmful waves, thereby matching andcountering such harmful waves in the target space. Because both of the counterrotors 25U and stator 26U counter the harmful waves irradiated by the baserotor 25N and stator 26N, this EMC motor 24 effectively minimizes irradiationof the harmful waves from the base units 25N, 26N thereof. In another example of FIG. 4B, a motor 24similarly includes a rotor unit 25 and a stator unit 26, where the rotor unit25 is rotatably disposed inside or enclosed by the stator unit 26. The statorunit 26 includes two outer base stators 26U which are permanent magnets orelectromagnets, disposed on opposite sides of the rotor unit 25, and arrangedto define the same magnetic polarity. This rotor unit 25 includes a pair ofinner rotors 25N of electromagnets which define the same shape and size, whichare disposed symmetrically with respect to a rotation axis of the rotor unit25, and which abut each other by the same magnetic poles. In this context, therotor unit 25 is to operate preferentially on the source matching. These innerrotors 25N may be interpreted in various ways. For example, one of the innerrotors 25N may be deemed to serve as a base rotor, while the other of such isarranged to function as a counter rotor. Therefore, one of the rotors 25Nirradiates the harmful waves, while the other thereof emits the counter wavesaligned with the harmful waves, having the phase angles at least partiallyopposite to those of the harmful waves and, therefore, countering the harmfulwaves in the target space. In another example, both of such inner rotors 25Nmay be regarded as the base (or counter) rotors which irradiate the harmfulwaves but are also arranged to cooperate each other through canceling suchharmful waves and/or suppressing the harmful waves irradiated by the other frompropagating outwardly. The stator unit 26, which encloses such inner rotors 25Nreceives and transmits the harmful waves therethrough while affectingpropagation paths of such harmful waves depending upon polarities of theharmful waves. When desirable, additional stator units may also be incorporatedbetween the inner rotors 25N and/or around the outer stator 26U in order tocounter the harmful waves transmitting through the outer stator 26U. Furtherconfigurational and/or operational characteristics of the motor 24 of FlG. 4Bare similar or identical to those of the motor of FlG. 4 A.

[319] In another example of FlG. 4C, a motor 24similarly includes a rotor unit 25 and a stator unit 26, where the rotor unit25 is rotatably disposed inside the stator unit 26 or is enclosed thereby. Eachof the rotor and stator units 25, 26 are similar to those of FlG. 4A, so thatan inner rotor 25N serves as a base rotor, that a pair of outer rotors 25Ufunction as counter rotors, that a pair of inner stators 26N serve as basestators, and that an optional pair of outer stators 26U function as counterstators. It is appreciated, however, that each inner stator 26N defines a pairof opposite poles while abutting the adjacent pole of the inner rotor 25N by anopposite pole. Accordingly, the outer rotor 25U is abutted by another pole ofthe inner stator 26N which is also opposite to to the adjacent pole of theouter rotor 25U. Such an arrangement may be more effective for countering theharmful waves but may instead decrease an efficiency in generating the- electromotive force. Other configurational and/or operational characteristicsof the motor 24 of FlG. 4C may be similar or identical to those of the motorsof FlGs. 4 A and 4B.

[320] In another example of FlG. 4D, a motor 24 includesa rotor unit (not included in this figure) and a stator unit 26, where thestator unit 26 includes two sets of stators 26N, 26U and where any of the aboverotor units and other rotor units disclosed in the above co-pending Applicationmay be used in conjunction with the stator unit 26. More specifically, a firstset of the stator unit 26 includes a pair of C-shaped inner stators 26N, whilea second set of the stator unit 26 includes another pair of larger C- shapedouter stators 26U. In addition, each pair (i.e., a right pair and a leftpair) of the inner and outer stators 26N, 26U are arranged to physically abuteach other and also magnetically abut each other by their poles of oppositepolarities. Accordingly, one of such stators 26N, 26U may counter the harmfulwaves transmitting through the other. In this embodiment, various rotor unitsmay be disposed inside such inner stators 26N, between the inner and outerstators 26N, 26U, outside the outer stators 26U, and the like. Accordingly, whether a specific stator serves as a basic stator or a counter stator may depend on the disposition of the basic and/or counter rotors. Otherconfigurational and/or operational characteristics of the motor 24 of FlG. 4Dmay be similar or identical to those of the motors of FlGs. 4 A through 4C. [321] In another example of FlG. 4E, another motor 24has a rotor unit (not included in this figure) and a stator unit 26, where thestator unit 26 includes two sets of stators 26N, 26U and where any of the aboverotor units and other rotor units disclosed in the above co-pending Applicationmay be used in conjunction with the stator unit 26. More specifically, a firstset of the stator unit 26 includes therein four identical inner stators 26Nangularly disposed around an axis of rotation of the rotor unit, while a secondset of the stator unit 26 includes a pair of larger C-shaped outer stators 26U. Similar to that of FlG. 4D, the stator unit 26 of this embodiment may includevarious rotor units inside such inner stators 26N, between the inner and outerstators 26N, 26U, and/or outside the outer stators 26U. Therefore, whether aspecific stator serves as a basic stator or a counter stator may depend on thedisposition of such basic and/or counter rotors. Further configurational and/oroperational characteristics of the motor 24 of FlG. 4E are similar or identicalto those of the motors of FlG. 4A to 4D.

[322] In another example of FlG. 4F, another motor 24has a rotor unit (not included in the figure) and a stator unit 26, where thestator unit 26 includes a pair of C-shaped stators 26L, 26R of the same orsimilar sizes. More specifically, each of the left stator 26L and right stator26R spans about or beyond 270°. In addition, such stators 26L, 26Rare disposed in the concentric arrangement while misaligning their gaps suchthat the stators 26L, 26R overlap each other along most side portions of thestator unit 26. Other configurational and/or operational characteristics of themotor 24 of FlG. 4F may be similar or identical to those of the motors of FlGs.4A to 4E.

[323] As described hereinabove, further details of suchrotor and stator units of various

EMC motors and various counter units for theEMC motors have been provided in the co-pending Application which is entitled'Electromagnetically-Countered Actuator Systems and Methods' and which has theSerial Number U.S. S. N. 60/???,???. Therefore, various prior art devicesincluding such EMC motors can be converted into the EMC systems capable ofperforming their intended functions while countering such harmful wavesirradiated by their motors by such counter units.

[324] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect ofthe invention, the counter units may also be incorporated into various electricgenerators which are inverse examples of such motors and which include variousbase units which are similar to those of the motors, where examples of the baseunits may include, but not be limited to, electromagnets, permanent magnets,any parts of the generators in which the unsteady current flows, any parts ofthe generators across which the unsteady voltage is applied, and the like.Therefore, any conventional devices which include the EMC generators such as ACgenerators, DC generators, and (automobile) alternators may be converted intothe EMC systems such as EMC AC generators, EMC DC generators, EMC al- ternators,and so on, where various counter units of any of such configurations may beincorporated thereinto in any of such dispositions and/or arrangements, and maycounter the harmful waves in any of the above mechanisms. In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect ofthe invention, the counter units may also be incorporated into various heatingunits for countering the harmful waves irradiated by their base units, wheresuch heating units function to convert electric energy into heat (or thermalenergy) and then to transfer the heat to an user by thermal conduction,convection, and/or radiation and where examples of such heating units mayinclude, but not be limited to, resistive wires, resistive strips, resistivecoils, resistive solenoids, resistive toroids, resistive sheets, and the like.Accordingly, any prior art heating devices including such heating units such aspersonal heating appliances (e.g., electric mattresses, electric mats,electric blankets, electric heating pads, and the like), cooking appliances(e.g., electric grills, electric ovens, electric stoves or ranges,electric toast ovens, electric toasters, coffee makers, espresso makers,heating bottles, and the like), beauty appliances (e.g., hair dryers,hair setters, hair curlers, hair steamers, and the like), may be converted intosuch EMC personal heating systems, EMC cooking systems, EMC beauty systems, andthe like. In general, such heating units include the above resistive parts aswell as other parts for supporting or retaining the resistive parts in fixed orvariable positions, for insulating other articles, and the like. Therefore, thebase units of the heating units may include such resistive parts, any parts ofthe heating units in which the unsteady current flows, any of such parts acrosswhich the unsteady voltage applies, any of such parts capable of affecting thepropagation paths of the harmful waves irradiated from other parts of theheating units, and the like. FIGs. 5A to 5H show schematic perspective views ofexemplary counter units which are implemented into heating units having variousbase units according to the present invention, where FIGs. 5A to 5C exemplifyvarious counter units implemented into conventional wire-, strip- or sheet-typeheating units, respectively, while FIGs. 5D to 5H depict various counter unitsimplemented into various conventional coil-type heating units. It isappreciated in these figures that various heating units only include variousresistive articles and counter units therefor and that other parts of theheating units are omitted therein for simplicity of illustration. Therefore,other conductive, semiconductive, and/or insulative parts of the heating unitswhich may emit the harmful waves are omitted in the figures and that, when- necessary, such parts may be properly countered by resorting to any of suchcounter units as described above. It is also appreciated in FIGs. 5 A to 5H thatvarious base units and counter units of such heating units are disposed inorder to form the target spaces therearound, e.g., in the front of theheating units (i.e., above the sheet), in the rear thereof (i.e., below the sheet), in the top thereof (i.e., top of the figure), and thelike. It is also appreciated that details of various counter units of thisembodiment have been disclosed in the co-pending Application of U.S. S.N.11/289,693 entitled Εlectromag- netically-Shielded Heat Generating Systems andMethods.'

[326] In one example of FlG. 5 A, a heating unit 28includes at least one resistive article and a counter unit 40, where theresistive article is formed as a resistive wire or resistive rod 28W which iscapable of converting electric energy into heat when electric current flowstherein while irradiating the harmful waves and where the resistive wire or rod28W serves as the base unit of such a heating unit 28. In order to counter theharmful waves irradiated by the base unit 28W, the counter unit 40 is providedas a coil which is helically wound in a preset direction to the base unit 28Wof the heating unit 28. In this context, the counter unit 40 is topreferentially operate on the wave matching. More specifically, such a counterunit 40 concentrically encloses the base unit 28W in its center and orientedsymmetrically to the base unit 28W. In addition, the electric current issupplied to the base and counter units 28W, 40 in opposite directions. Therefore, the counter unit 40 emits such counter waves which are aligned withthe harmful waves and also define the phase angles at least partially oppositeto those of the harmful waves, thereby countering the harmful waves in thetarget space by matching the wavefronts of the harmful waves with those of thecounter waves. Although seemingly similar to a conventional coaxial wire, theheating unit 28 of the example differs therefrom in a few major aspects. Firstof all, contrary to the coaxial wire in which multiple conductive elements areconcentrically disposed, the heating unit 28 includes the resistive wire or rod28W which defines a finite electric resistance and generates the heat when thecurrent flows therein. Secondly, the heating unit 28 includes the counter unit40 which encloses the base unit 28W in a sparse arrangement or, in other words,the counter unit 40 may form multiple openings or gaps therethrough, wherecharacteristic dimensions of the openings or gaps may be tens or hundreds oftimes greater than a characteristic dimension of the base unit 28W. Therefore, such a counter unit 40 may be implemented at a less cost with a lesser amountof resistive material. It is appreciated in this example that such a counterunit 40 may be made of and/or include a conductive material or that the counterunit 40 itself may also be made of and/or include the resistive material andserve as another resistive article. It is also appreciated that the counterunit 40 may be wound around the base unit 28 in any direction as far as theelectric current is supplied thereto in a direction opposite to that of thesource current supplied to the resistive wire (or rod) 28W. It is to beunderstood in such an example that the heating unit 40 of this example maydefine the target space all around its length.

[327] In another example of FlG. 5B, a heating unit 28similarly includes at least one resistive article and at least one counter unit40, where the resistive article is shaped as a resistive strip 28t which iscapable of converting electric energy into heat as electric current flowstherein while irradiating such harmful waves and where the counter unit 40 isprovided as another coil of a conductive or resistive material. Similar to thatof FlG. 5 A, such a counter unit 40 may be wound along any direction and formmultiple gaps or openings. When desirable, the coil 40 may also be collapsed todefine an oval cross-section and oriented to receive a width or height of theresistive strip 28t along its long axis for better approximating the shape ofthe base unit 28t. Other configurational and/or operational characteristics ofthe heating unit 28 of FlG. 5B are similar or identical to those of the heatingunit of FlG. 5 A.

[328] In another example of FlG. 5C, a heating unit 28similarly includes at least one resistive article and at least one counter unit40, where the resistive article is defined as a resistive sheet 28H which iscapable of converting electric energy into heat as electric current flowstherein while irradiating the harmful waves and where the counter unit 40 isformed as another sheet of a conductive or resistive material. Moreparticularly, the counter unit 40 is oriented parallel to the base unit 28H anddisposed at a preset distance therefrom such that the counter unit 40 operateson the shape matching. Therefore, the counter unit 40 emits such counter waveswhich is aligned with the harmful waves and define the phase angles at leastpartially opposite to those of the harmful waves, thereby capable of counteringthe harmful waves by the counter waves in the target space. It is appreciatedthat amplitudes of the electric current supplied to the counter unit 40 may bedecided by on which side of the base unit 28H the target space is to bedefined. When the target space is formed on the front of the heating unit 28(or over the sheet), the counter unit 40 is to emit the counter waves with theamplitudes greater than those of the harmful waves, thereby countering suchharmful waves at a greater distance than from the base unit 28H. When thetarget space is defined on the rear of the heating unit 28 (or below thesheet), the counter unit 40 is to emit the counter waves defining theamplitudes less than those of the harmful waves, thereby countering suchharmful waves at a shorter distance than the base unit 28H. When the targetspace is defined on top of the heating unit 28, the counter unit 40 emits thecounter waves with the amplitudes similar to those of the harmful waves,thereby countering such waves at a similar distance as such a base unit 28H.Other configurational and/or operational characteristics of the heating unit 28of FlG. 5C are similar or identical to those of the heating units of FlGs. 5Aand 5B.

[329] In another example of FlG. 5D, a heating unit 28similarly includes at least one resistive article and at least one counter unit40, where the resistive article is formed as a resistive coil 28C capable ofconverting electric energy into heat when electric current flows therein whileirradiating the harmful waves and where the resistive coil 28C serves as thebase unit of such a heating unit 28. In order to counter the harmful wavesirradiated by the base unit 28C, the counter unit 40 is provided as a rod or awire which is disposed inside the heating coil 28C and aligned with a center ofthe coil 28C. In this context, the counter unit 40 is to preferentiallyoperate on the wave matching. More specifically, such a counter unit 40 isenclosed by the base unit 28W in its center and oriented symmetrically to thebase unit 28W. In addition, the electric current is supplied to the base andcounter units 28W, 40 in opposite directions. Therefore, the counter unit 40emits the counter waves which are aligned with the harmful waves and define thephase angles at least partially opposite to those of the harmful waves, there- bycountering the harmful waves in the target space by matching the wavefronts ofsuch harmful waves by those of the counter waves. Although seemingly similar toa conventional coaxial wire, the heating unit 28 of the example similarlydiffers therefrom in a few major aspects as described in FlG. 5A. It isappreciated in this example that the counter unit 40 may also be made of and/orinclude a conductive material or that the counter unit 40 itself may also bemade of and/or include the resistive material and s erve as another resistivearticle. It is also appreciated that the counter unit 40 may be wound aroundthe base unit 28 in any direction as far as the electric current is sup- pliedthereto in a direction opposite to that of the source current supplied to theresistive coil 28C. It is appreciated in this example that the heating unit 40of this example may define the target space all around its length. Otherconfigurational and/or operational characteristics of the heating unit 28 ofthis example are similar or identical to those of the heating units of HGs. 5Ato 5C. In another example of FlG. 5E, a heating unit 28similarly includes at least one resistive article and at least one counter unit40, where the resistive article is defined as a resistive coil 28C which iscapable of converting electric energy into heat as electric current flowstherein while irradiating such harmful waves and where the counter unit 40 isprovided as another coil of a conductive or resistive material so that thecounter unit 40 preferentially is to operate on the wave matching. Inparticular, the counter unit 40 is aligned parallel to the base unit 28C andalso disposed at a preset distance from the base unit 28C. Accordingly, thecounter unit 40 emits such counter waves which is aligned with the harmfulwaves and define the phase angles at least partially opposite to those of theharmful waves, thereby capable of countering the harmful waves in the targetspace. It is appreciated that amplitudes of the electric current supplied tosuch a counter unit 40 may depend on in which side of the base unit 28H thetarget space is defined. When the target space is to be formed on the front ofthe heating unit 28 or over the sheet, the counter unit 40 is to emit thecounter waves with the amplitudes greater than those of the harmful waves,thereby countering such harmful waves at a greater distance than from the baseunit 28H. When the target space is to be defined on the rear of the heatingunit 28 (or below the sheet), the counter unit 40 is to emit the counter wavesof the amplitudes less than those of such harmful waves, thereby countering theharmful waves at a shorter distance than from the base unit 28H. When thetarget space is to be formed on top of the heating unit 28, the counter unit 40emits the counter waves of the amplitudes similar to those of the harmfulwaves, thereby countering the waves at a similar distance as such a base unit28H. Other config- urational and/or operational characteristics of the heatingunit 28 of FlG. 5E are similar or identical to those of the heating units ofFTGs. 5 A to 5D.

[331] In other examples of FlGs. 5F and 5G, each of suchheating units 28 has at least one resistive article and at least one counterunit 40, where the resistive article is defined as a resistive coil 28C capableof converting electric energy into heat as electric current flows therein whileirradiating such harmful waves and where the counter unit 40 is provided asanother coil of a conductive or resistive material which is disposed inside thebase unit 28C. Therefore, the counter unit 40 preferentially is to operate onthe source matching. More particularly, the counter unit 40 is aligned parallelto a center of the base unit 28C and emit the counter waves which is alignedwith the harmful waves and define the phase angles at least partially oppositeto those of the harmful waves, thereby countering the harmful waves in thetarget space. It is appreciated that the counter units 40 may be wound in anydirections, e.g., along the same direction as the heating coil 28C as inFlG. 5F or along a direction opposite to that of the heating coil 28C as inFlG. 5G. In either example, the counter unit 40 defines the target space atleast substantially around the heating unit 28. Other configurational and/or- operational characteristics of the heating units 28 of FlGs. 5F and 5G aresimilar or identical to those of the heating units of FlGs. 5 A to 5E.

[332] In another example of FlG. 5H, a heating unit 28also includes at least one resistive article and at least one counter unit 40,where the resistive article is defined as a resistive coil 28C for convertingelectric energy into heat when electric current flows therein while irradiatingsuch harmful waves and where the counter unit 40 is provided as another coil ofa conductive or resistive material intertwined with the resistive coil 28C. sothat the resistive and counter coils 28C, 40 alternate each other in everypitch of the heating unit 28 In this context, the counter unit 40 operates onthe source matching. More particularly, such a counter unit 40 is alignedparallel to a center line of the base unit 28C, disposed in a symmetricarrangement with respect to the resistive coil 28C, and emits the counter wavesaligned with the harmful waves and having the phase angles at least partiallyopposite to those of the harmful waves, thereby countering such harmful wavesin the target space. It is appreciated that the counter unit 40 may be wound inthe same direction as the heating coil 28C while defining the target space atleast substantially around the heating unit 28. Other configurational and/or- operational characteristics of the heating unit 28 of FlG. 5H are similar oridentical to those of the heating units of FlGs. 5A to 5G. [333] As described hereinabove, further details of suchcounter units of various EMC heating units have been provided in the co-pendingApplication which is entitled 'Elec- tromagnetically-Shielded Heat GeneratingSystems and Methods' and which has the Serial Number U.S. S.N. 11/289,693. Therefore, various prior art devices with such EMC heating units can beconverted into the EMC systems capable of performing their intended heatingfunctions while countering such harmful waves irradiated by their re- sistiveheating articles by such counter units.

[334] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect ofthe invention, the counter units may also be incorporated into varioustransformers which include therein at least two coils magnetically coupled toeach other, where examples of the base units of such transformers may include,but not be limited to, electromagnets, inserts which may be made of and/orinclude the ferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic, and/or diamagnetic materials, anyparts of the transformers in which the unsteady current flows, any parts of thetransformers across which the unsteady voltage is applied, and the like. Accordingly, any prior art devices including such EMC transformers such asstep-up transformers, step-down transformers, and AC/DC adaptors of variouselectric devices may be converted into the EMC transformer systems and EMCadaptor systems, where various counter units with any of the aboveconfigurations may be incorporated thereinto in any of such dispositions and/orarrangements, and may counter the harmful waves in any of the above mechanisms.lt is appreciated that the EMC transformers may include one or more of suchcounter units disclosed in conjunction with those of FIGs. 5D to 5H, for thebase units of those figures are essentially coils, with the provision that thecounter units may be made of and/or include electric conductors, not resistiveheaters. Similarly, various counter units disclosed in the ci-pendingApplication entitled 'Elec- tromagnetically-Shielded Heat Generating Systems andMethods' and bearing the Serial Number U.S. S.N. 11/289,693 may further beincorporated to such EMC systems with the similar provision that such counterunits are made of and/or include the conductive articles but not the resistivematerials.

[335] In another exemplary embodiment of this aspect ofthe invention, the counter units may also be incorporated into various lightemitting units in order to counter the harmful waves which are irradiated bytheir base units, where these light emitting units function to convert electricenergy into visible light rays, ultraviolet rays, and/or infrared rays andwhere examples of the light emitting units may include, but not be limited to,incandescent bulbs, fluorescent bulbs which include a CCFL {i.e., a coldcathode fluorescent lamp) as well as EEFL {i.e., an external electrodefluorescent lamp), CRT's {i.e., cathode ray tubes), LED's (i.e., light emitting devices), OLED's {i.e., organic light emitting devices),IOLED's and ILED's {i.e., inorganic light emitting devices), PDP's(/.e., plasma display panels), and any other devices capable of emittingsuch light rays. Accordingly, the base units of such light emitting units mayinclude light emitting elements which convert the electric energy into suchrays, any parts of the light emitting units through which the unsteady currentflows, any parts of the light emitting units across which the unsteady voltageapplies, and the like. Accordingly, any of these prior art devices may beconverted into the EMC light emitting units each of which include at least oneof the above light emitting units and at least one of the counter units, wherevarious counter units of any of the above configurations may be incorporatedthereinto in any of the above dispositions and/or arrangements, and may counterthe harmful waves in any of the above mechanisms. In another aspect of the present invention, any ofthe above EMC systems may include at least one electric shield and/or magneticshield. In one example, the electric and/or magnetic shields (will be referredto as the 'ES' and 'MS' hereinafter, respectively) may be implemented into, on,over or below various portions of the EMC system. In another example, such ESand/or MS may also be implemented as above and also used in conjunction withany of the above counter units. In general, the ES may be made of and/orinclude at least one electrically conductive material such that the elec- tricwaves of the harmful waves may be absorbed thereinto and rerouted therealong.When desirable, the ES may also be grounded so that the absorbed and reroutedelectric waves may be eliminated therefrom. The MS may be made of and/ orinclude at least one magnetically permeable path member which may be able toabsorb the magnetic waves of the harmful waves thereinto and then to reroutesuch magnetic waves therealong. When desirable, the MS may have a magnet memberwhich may be magnetically coupled to the path member and terminate the ab- sorbedand rerouted magnetic waves in at least one magnetic pole of the magnet member. The MS may include at least one optional shunt member which may also be- magnetically permeable and shield its magnet member, thereby confining mag- neticfields from such a magnet member closer thereto. Other details of such ES andMS have already been provided in the above co-pending Applications such as,e.g., 'Shunted Magnet Systems and Methods' which bears a Serial Numberl 1/213,703, 'Magnet-Shunted Systems and Methods' which also bears a SerialNumber 11/213,686, and 'Electromagnetic Shield Systems and Methods' which bearsa Serial Number U.S.S.N. 60/723,27 ^r4. It is appreciated that the details ofthese co-pending Applications may be modified so that the heating elements ofsuch co-pending Applications may be replaced by various counter units of thepresent invention and that the ES and/or MS may be incorporated to the counterunits of this invention as such ES and/or MS have been incorporated intovarious heating elements of the above co-pending Applications. It isappreciated that the ES and/or MS may also be incorporated into variousportions of the EMC systems of this invention as the counter units areincorporated into such portions of the EMC systems of this invention.

[337] The ES and/or MS may be provided to define theconfiguration which is identical to or similar to those of various counterunits of this invention. The ES and/or MS may also be disposed in, on, over,around, and/or through the base and/or counter units. The ES and/or MS may havethe configuration at least partially conforming to that of such base and/orcounter units or, in the alternative, may define the configuration at least- partially different from those of the ES and/or MS.

[338] The path member of the MS may define the relativemagnetic permeability greater than 1,000 or 10,000, 100,000 or 1,000,000. Theshunt member may be arranged to directly or indirectly contact the magnetmember and to define a relative magnetic permeability greater than 1,000,10,000, 100,000 or 1,000,000. The ES and/or MS described hereinabove ordisclosed in the co-pending Applications may further be incorporated into anyof the prior art devices with or without any of the above counter units anddefine such EMC systems of this invention. The ES and/or MS may define theconfiguration which may be maintained to be uniform along the longitudinal orshort axis of the base and/or counter units or which may vary therealong. Suchconfigurations of the ES and/or MS may be identical to, similar to or differentfrom those of the base and/or counters. The EMC system may include multiple ESand/or MS, where at least two of the MS and/or ES may shield against themagnetic waves and/or electric waves of the same or different frequencies insame or different extents. The ES and/or MS may be disposed over at least aportion (or entire portion) of the base and/or counter units. The EMC systemmay also include therein one or more of any of the above counter units as wellas the ES and/or MS, where the base and/or counter units may operate on AC orDC.

[339] As described above, the EMC systems of thisinvention may be provided with multiple defense mechanisms against the harmfulwaves which are irradiated by various base units of such a system. In oneexample, the counter unit may be incorporated into various portions of such anEMC system as described above. Accordingly, a single or multiple counter unitsmay be provided in any of the above configurations and incorporated in any ofthe above dispositions. In another example, such ES and/or MS may beincorporated into various portions of the EMC system and shield against theelectric and/or magnetic waves of such harmful waves, respectively, wheredis- positions of the ES and/or MS have been described in the above co- pendingApplications. In another example, not only the counter units but also at leastone of the ES and/or MS may be implemented into the EMC system so that thecounter unit may counter at least a portion of such harmful waves and that theES and/or MS may absorb and reroute the rest thereof. FIGs. 6A to 6H showschematic perspective views of exemplary speakers including the above counterunits and MS and/or ES according to the present invention.

[340] In the first set of examples, a coil-drive speaker22 of FIG. 6A and a piezoelectric speaker 22 of FIG. 6B are incorporated withthe counter units 40 which define the configurations similar to those of thebase units of the speakers 22 according to the above source matching. Thecounter unit 40 of FIG. 6A is arranged greater than the base units , whereasthe counter unit 40 of FIG. 6B is arranged smaller than the base units. Suchcounter units 40 are also disposed below the base units in the rear arrangementso that the counter units 40 generally emit the counter waves of the amplitudesgreater than those of the harmful waves from the base units of the speakers 22.The MS (or ES) is provided in the shape of a planar mesh which is then disposedabove the base units of the speakers 22 so that any residual harmful waveswhich are not properly counter by the counter units 40 may be absorbedthereinto. rerouted therealong, and terminated thereat. The MS (or ES) may alsoabsorb, reroute, and then terminate any residual counter waves which are leftover after countering the harmful waves. In another set of examples, acoil-drive speaker 22 of FIG. 6C and a piezoelectric speaker of FIG. 6D arealso incorporated with the counter units 40 which are disposed along one ormore wavefronts of the harmful waves according to the wave matching, where bothcounter units 40 are fabricated bigger or wider than the base units. Suchcounter units 40 are disposed above the base units of the speakers 22 in thefront arrangement such that the counter units 40 generally emit the counterwaves with the amplitudes less than those of the harmful waves by the baseunits of such speakers 22. The MS (or ES) is provided in the shape of anannular cylinder and encloses therein at least portions of the base units ofthe speakers 22 in order to absorb, reroute, and terminate the residual harmfulwaves and/or counter waves. Contrary to those of FIGs. 6A and 6B, the MS (orES) of FIGs. 6C or 6D is disposed away from the paths of propagation of audiblesounds produced by the speakers 22 and, therefore, may be provided in suchsolid configurations. In another set of examples, a coil-drive speaker 22 ofFIG. 6E and a piezoelectric speaker 22 of FIG. 6F are incorporated with thecounter units 40 defining the configurations similar to those of the base unitsof the speakers 22 as are the cases of the source matching. The counter unit 40of FIG. 6E is provided smaller than the base units, while the counter unit ofFIG. 6F is fabricated bigger or wider than the base units. Such counter units40 are also disposed below the base units in the rear arrangement such that thecounter units 40 generally emit the counter waves of the amplitudes greaterthan those of the harmful waves from the base units of the speakers 22. The MS(or ES) is provided in the shape of a cylindrical mesh which is disposed aroundthe base units of the speakers 22 such that any residual harmful or counterwaves may be absorbed thereinto.

[341] It is appreciated that any of the above counterunits are provided while using the least amount of such electricallyconductive, semiconductive, and/or insulative materials, while minimizing avolume, a size, and/or a mass of such counter units. Accordingly, such counterunits may be fabricated with less materials at lower costs and may be easi- lyimplemented into various locations of the EMC system. It is also appreciatedthat any of the above counter units are provided to emit the counter waveswhile using the least amount of electrical energy, e.g., by drawing theleast amount of the electric current or voltage. Therefore, such counter unitsare not only energy-efficient but also least affecting operation of other partsof the EMC systems and their intended functions. In addition, theserequirements of this paragraph may minimize electric resistances of the counterunits and, therefore, minimize voltage drop across the counter units.

[342] Unless otherwise specified, various features ofone embodiment of one aspect of the present invention may apply interchangeablyto other embodiments of the same aspect of this invention and/or embodiments ofone or more of other aspects of this invention. Therefore, any of the counterunits of FIGs. IA to IF and FIGs. 2A to 2F may be implemented into various EMCspeaker systems of FIGs. 3 A to 31, into various EMC motor systems of FIGs. 4Ato 4F, into various heating units of FIGs. 5A to 5H, and other EMC systemsdisclosed herein without any accompanying figures. In addition, such counterunits for the EMC speaker systems may be incorporated into other EMC systems ofthis invention, the counter units for the EMC motor systems may be incor- poratedto other EMC systems of this invention, the counter units for the EMC heatingunits may be applied to other EMC systems of this invention, and the like.Moreover, any of the counter units which operate on the source matching may be- converted to operate on the wave matching or vice versa, where thesource-matched counter units may then be disposed along one or more wavefrontsof the harmful waves from the base unit or where the wave-matched counter unitsmay be disposed in the preset relation to the base unit or may be incorporatedin the arrangement similar to that of the base unit. In addition, any of the ESand/or MS exemplified in FIGs. 6A to 6F and disclosed in the co-pendingApplications may be incorporated to any counter units disclosed in FIGs. IA to5H.

[343] Various EMC systems of the present invention mayoperate on the AC power while countering the harmful EM waves with theircounter units. When desirable, such EMC systems may also operate on the DCpower while similarly countering the harmful waves. It is to be understood thatthe systems may also use any conventional modalities capable of shieldingand/or canceling such harmful waves. Accordingly, it is preferable that anyextra wires, strips, plates, sheets, and other parts of such EMC systems may bebraided, bundled, concentrically fabricated or otherwise treated in order tominimize irradiation of the harmful waves.

[344] It is to be understood that, while variousaspects and/or embodiments of the present invention have been described inconjunction with the detailed description thereof, the foregoing description isintended to illustrate and not to limit the scope of the invention, which isdefined by the scope of the appended claims. Other embodiments, aspects,advantages, and modifications are within the scope of the following claims as well.

Claims

[1] A system capable of countering harmful electromagnetic waves irradiated thereby by at least one of canceling said waves in a target space and suppressing said waves from propagating to said target space, wherein said harmful waves have frequencies less than about 1 kHz and wherein said target space is defined between said system and an user thereof, said system comprising: at least one wave source which is configured to include at least one base unit, wherein said base unit is configured to include only those portions of said wave source which are responsible for at least one of irradiating said harmful waves thereby and affecting propagation paths of said harmful waves therethrough, wherein said base unit is configured to irradiate said harmful waves at least one of when an electric current flows therein and when an electric voltage is applied thereacross; and at least one counter unit which is configured to define configuration similar to that of said base unit and to be supplied with at least one of electric current and voltage in such a manner for emitting counter electromagnetic waves which define phase angles at least partially opposite to those of said harmful waves, wherein said counter waves are further configured to match wave characteristics thereof with those of said harmful waves due to said configuration and, accordingly, to counter said harmful waves due to said wave characteristics and phase angles in said target space.

[2] The system of claim 1, wherein said wave source is one of an electrostatic speaker, a cone-drive speaker, and a piezoelectric speaker, wherein said base units of said electrostatic speaker are at least one vibratable diaphragm and at least two electric grids which are to be disposed on opposite sides of said diaphragm, wherein said base units of said cone-drive speaker are at least one voice coil and at least one permanent magnet magnetically coupled to said voice coil, and wherein said base units of said piezoelectric speaker include at least one piezoelectric plate and at least two electrodes coupled to opposite sides of said piezoelectric plates.

[3] The system of claim 2, wherein said system is one of a wired telephone, a wireless telephone, an earphone, a headphone, and an assembly including at least one of said speakers and at least one microphone.

[4] The system of claim 1, wherein said wave source is one of a DC motor, an universal motor, an AC synchronous motor, an AC induction motor, and a linear motor, wherein each of said motors have at least one rotor and stator, wherein said base units of said DC motor include at least one permanent magnet of said stator thereof and at least one electromagnet of said rotor thereof, wherein said base units of said universal motor include at least one electromagnet for said stator thereof and at least one electromagnet for said rotor thereof, wherein said base units of said AC synchronous motor include at least one electromagnet for its stator and at least one permanent magnet for its rotor, wherein said base units of said AC induction motor include at least one electromagnet for its stator and at least one electric conductor for its rotor, and wherein said base units of said linear motor include at least one electromagnet for its stator and at least one permanent magnet for its rotor.

[5] The system of claim 4, wherein said system is one of a hair dryer, an electric toothbrush, an electric razor, a dish washer, a cloth washer, a cloth dryer, a microwave oven, a vacuum cleaner, a can opener, and an electric motorized tool.

[6] The system of claim 1, wherein said wave source is a heating element and wherein said base unit of said wave source is at least one of a straight resistive wire and a coiled resistive wire.

[7] The system of claim 6, wherein said system is one of a hair dryer, a hair curler, a hair setter, a heat gun, an electric blanket, an electric mattress, an electric heating pad, an electric grill, an electric oven, an electric range, and an electric toaster oven.

[8] The system of claim 1, wherein said configuration is configured to be at least one of a shape, a size, and an arrangement and wherein said counter unit is configured to define at least one of said shape, size, and arrangement which are respectively similar to at least one of said shape, size, and arrangement of said base unit.

[9] The system of claim 1, wherein said counter unit is configured to be an analog simplifying said configuration of said base unit.

[10] The system of claim 1, wherein said counter unit is configured to define an analog providing details to said configuration of said base unit.

[11] The system of claim 1, wherein said system is configured to include a plurality of said counter units at least two of which are configured to be disposed in an arrangement which is defined similar to said configuration of said base unit.

[12] The system of claim 1, wherein said counter unit is configured to be disposed between said base unit and target space and then to emit said counter waves defining amplitudes which are less than those of said harmful waves for at least one of said canceling and suppressing.

[13] The system of claim 12, wherein said harmful waves define a plurality of wavefronts around said base unit and wherein said counter unit is configured to be extended along at least one of said wavefronts along a length which is configured to be greater than a length of said base unit.

[14] The system of claim 1, wherein said counter unit is configured to be disposed on an opposite side of said target space with respect to said base unit and then to emit said counter waves defining amplitudes which are greater than those of said harmful waves for at least one of said canceling and suppressing.

[15] The system of claim 14, wherein said counter unit is configured to be extended along a length which is configured to be less than a length of said base unit.

[16] A system capable of countering harmful electromagnetic waves irradiated thereby by at least one of canceling said waves in a target space and suppressing said waves from propagating to said target space, wherein said harmful waves have frequencies less than about 1 kHz and wherein said target space is defined between said system and an user thereof, said system comprising: at least one wave source which is configured to include at least one base unit, wherein said base unit is configured to include only those portions of said wave source which are responsible for at least one of irradiating said harmful waves thereby and affecting propagation paths of said harmful waves therethrough, wherein said base unit is configured to irradiate said harmful waves at least one of when an electric current flows therein and when an electric voltage is applied thereacross; and at least one counter unit which is configured to define configuration different from that of said base unit, to be incorporated in a preset arrangement, and to be supplied with at least one of electric current and voltage in such a manner for emitting counter electromagnetic waves which define phase angles at least partially opposite to those of said harmful waves, wherein said counter waves are also configured to match wave characteristics thereof with those of said harmful waves due to said arrangement and, accordingly, to counter said harmful waves due to said wave characteristics and phase angles in said target space.

[17] A system capable of countering harmful electromagnetic waves irradiated thereby by at least one of canceling said waves in a target space and suppressing said waves from propagating to said target space, wherein said harmful waves have frequencies less than about 1 kHz and wherein said target space is defined between said system and an user thereof, said system comprising: at least one wave source which is configured to include at least one base unit, wherein said base unit is configured to include only those portions of said wave source which are responsible for at least one of irradiating said harmful waves thereby and affecting propagation paths of said harmful waves therethrough, wherein said base unit is configured to irradiate said harmful waves at least one of as an electric current flows therein and as an electric voltage is applied thereacross, and wherein said harmful waves are configured to propagate toward said target space while defining a plurality of wavefronts around said base unit; and at least one counter unit which is configured to be disposed in an arrangement defined along at least one of said wavefronts and to be supplied with at least one of electric current and voltage in such a manner for emitting counter electromagnetic waves which have phase angles at least partially opposite to those of said harmful waves, wherein said counter waves are configured to propagate to said target space while defining another plurality of wavefronts around said counter unit due to said arrangement and, therefore, to counter said harmful waves due to said arrangement and said phase angles in said target space.

[18] The system of claim 17, wherein said counter unit is incorporated in a preset distance from at least one of said base unit and target space such that said counter unit is configured to extend along a length greater than a length of said base unit when disposed closer to said target space than said base unit and that said counter unit is configured to extend along another length which is less than a length of said base unit when disposed farther away from said target space than said base unit.

[19] The system of claim 17, wherein said system is configured to have a plurality of said counter units at least two of which are configured to be disposed in said arrangement for at least one of said canceling and suppressing.

[20] The system of claim 17, wherein said system is configured to have a plurality of said counter unit, wherein each of said wavefronts is configured to define a radius of curvature, and wherein at least two of said counter units are configured to manipulate said phase angles of said counter waves in such a manner that said at least two of said counter units emit counter waves with identical phase angles for increasing said radii of said curvature of said counter waves and that said at least two of said counter units emit counter waves having at least partially opposite phase angles for decreasing said radii of said curvature of said counter waves.