WO2007132029A1 - Ceramic paste whose formulation incorporates raw materials with a low melting point in order to increase the mechanical strength of the dried, shaped pieces - Google Patents
Ceramic paste whose formulation incorporates raw materials with a low melting point in order to increase the mechanical strength of the dried, shaped pieces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007132029A1 WO2007132029A1 PCT/ES2006/000253 ES2006000253W WO2007132029A1 WO 2007132029 A1 WO2007132029 A1 WO 2007132029A1 ES 2006000253 W ES2006000253 W ES 2006000253W WO 2007132029 A1 WO2007132029 A1 WO 2007132029A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ceramic paste
- ceramic
- elements
- valence
- raw materials
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/24—Manufacture of porcelain or white ware
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62645—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering
- C04B35/62655—Drying, e.g. freeze-drying, spray-drying, microwave or supercritical drying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
- C04B2235/3463—Alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. mullite
- C04B2235/3472—Alkali metal alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. spodumene, alkali feldspars such as albite or orthoclase, micas such as muscovite, zeolites such as natrolite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/44—Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
- C04B2235/442—Carbonates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/44—Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
- C04B2235/447—Phosphates or phosphites, e.g. orthophosphate, hypophosphite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/604—Pressing at temperatures other than sintering temperatures
Definitions
- Ceramic paste that incorporates in its formulation raw materials with a low melting point to increase the mechanical resistance of the shaped and dried pieces.
- the invention relates, in general, to the manufacture of ceramic products and, in particular, relates to a ceramic paste comprising a raw material with a low melting cost, giving the assembly a greater mechanical resistance with respect to that achieved using compositions of traditional ceramic pastes.
- These substitute raw materials for clay minerals are, among others: feldspars, feldspathic sands, silicon sands, talc, zirconium silicate,
- Said product has as its main characteristics: a low water absorption (less than 0.5%) and the whiteness of the ceramic support.
- clay minerals (clays and kaolins) have been replaced by: melting material with a low content of chromophores oxides (iron and titanium oxides): feldspars, talc, dolomite, fried, etc. materials with a low economic cost: feldspathic sands, quartz, etc. - materials that confer greater whiteness to the ceramic support: zirconium silicate or alumina.
- the introduction of the deflocculant is necessary when grinding the ceramic paste is carried out wet.
- Deflocculants are products that decrease the viscosity and thixotropy of the slip, and allow greater effectiveness in grinding, as well as a shorter discharge time of the mill.
- the deflocculants used for the preparation of ceramic pastes by grinding in liquid are: polyacrylates, sodium metasilicates, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate or phosphonates. Generally, and to obtain greater effectiveness, a mixture of two or more types of deflocculants is used.
- the ceramic paste To perform the forming of the ceramic pieces, the ceramic paste must first be adapted to the necessary conditions for each forming technology (pressing, extrusion or casting). This preparation of the ceramic paste is usually carried out in two ways: - Dry track, where once the dry milling of the different components that make up the ceramic paste is made, they are wetted or kneaded to a moisture that allows the forming of the piece.
- phosphates especially phosphoric acid, monoammonium phosphates and alumina, magnesium or calcium phosphates
- binders are used in Ia advanced ceramic and refractory industry, as binders.
- Such an effect is described, for example, in patents: US 4,417,925 "Refractory mixture with ceramic fiber", US 4,770,943 "Method for creating a rigid film of a calcium phosphate compound", US 6,013,321 “Method for manufacturing phosphate bonded ceramics ", US 5328879”
- Binding and plasticizing agent for preparing carbon-containing, refractory, ceramic materials and material prepared therewith or US3888687" Refractory
- the percentage of phosphate introduced is not sufficient to act as a binder and plasticizer. Therefore, the natural or synthetic plastic material necessary for the preparation of traditional ceramic pastes must be incorporated.
- the typology and the percentage of phosphates necessary for the present invention are not intended to seal the pores of the ceramic piece in its cooking process.
- materials will be incorporated which, in the cooking temperatures of the ceramic products, melt totally or partially. These raw materials are among others: all types of feldspar, fried, boron compounds, phosphates with melting points higher than those described in the present invention, clays, etc. Description of the invention
- the objective of this invention is to improve the mechanical strength of the shaped and dry ceramic piece, by incorporating into the formulation in said ceramic paste raw materials with a low melting point.
- These raw materials are basically: ammonium phosphates, phosphates or hydrogen phosphates of monovalent elements with valence +1, or mixtures of phosphates or hydrogen phosphate of ammonium and monovalent elements with valence +1.
- These compounds generally have melting temperatures below 500 0 C.
- An example of the above mentioned would be monoammonium phosphate whose melting point according to the literature is 19 0 C, however, in the laboratory, and previously dissolving the salt in water, it presents a beginning of the fusion at a lower temperature.
- Other examples of this type of materials would be: Monobasic potassium phosphate whose melting temperature is 253 0 C and dibasic potassium phosphate that has a melting temperature of 465 0 C.
- the total or partial melting temperature of these raw materials is reached in the drying process of the shaped part.
- This total or partial fusion and the subsequent solidification of the molten material during the cooling of the dry piece produces an increase in the mechanical resistance of the tile, facilitating the subsequent processes to which the ceramic products are subjected until their final firing. These processes are: the enamelling, the decoration of the ceramic pieces, the transfer from the dryer to the oven, the raw grinding of the pieces, etc.
- the increase in mechanical resistance reduces the chances of breaking ceramic pieces in said processes, which implies an increase in the percentage of quality of the finished material and a decrease in production costs.
- the paste used in this embodiment consists of a porcelain stoneware paste with a high flux, where 1% monoammonium phosphates are incorporated. Said paste is with the following formulation in% weight:
- said slippery is dried in an oven at a temperature of 150 ° C for a period of 24 hours, for its subsequent wetting and pressing in a laboratory press.
- the pressure exerted on the powder moistened at a humidity of 5.5% was approximately 106 bars, obtaining a rectangular platelet with dimensions of 110x50x12 mm.
- Said platelets are, again, dried in the laboratory oven, at a temperature of 150 ° C, for 24 hours, where the partial fusion of the monoammonium phosphate occurs.
- the piece formed and dried due to its greater resistance to breakage.
- the different decoration processes are based on a transfer of enamel or silkscreen base from the decoration system to the tile through a physical contact. Said transfer subjects the tile to a pressure that can cause the breakage thereof, with the consequent economic loss.
- the increase of the mechanical resistance allows a greater number of applications in the decoration of the ceramic piece.
- the greater mechanical resistance of the tile allows the elaboration of tiles with more pronounced reliefs.
- the incorporation of the phosphorus compounds of the present invention have a low melting temperature, facilitating, together with the rest of the melting materials that are incorporated in the production of the ceramic pieces, the total or partial sintering of said products.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/ES2006/000253 WO2007132029A1 (en) | 2006-05-16 | 2006-05-16 | Ceramic paste whose formulation incorporates raw materials with a low melting point in order to increase the mechanical strength of the dried, shaped pieces |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/ES2006/000253 WO2007132029A1 (en) | 2006-05-16 | 2006-05-16 | Ceramic paste whose formulation incorporates raw materials with a low melting point in order to increase the mechanical strength of the dried, shaped pieces |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2007132029A1 true WO2007132029A1 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
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Family Applications (1)
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PCT/ES2006/000253 WO2007132029A1 (en) | 2006-05-16 | 2006-05-16 | Ceramic paste whose formulation incorporates raw materials with a low melting point in order to increase the mechanical strength of the dried, shaped pieces |
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Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3888687A (en) * | 1973-10-01 | 1975-06-10 | Taylors Sons Co Chas | Alumina-chrome refractory |
US5328879A (en) * | 1992-03-08 | 1994-07-12 | Veitscher-Magnesitwerke-Actien-Gesellschaft | Binding and plasticizing agent for preparing carbon-containing, refractory, ceramic materials and material prepared therewith |
WO2003059840A1 (en) * | 2002-01-16 | 2003-07-24 | Neos Cerámica E Investigación, S.L. | Ceramic pastes having a non-standard formulation with a phosphorous content greater than 2 % by weight, the preparation method thereof and the advantages of same |
-
2006
- 2006-05-16 WO PCT/ES2006/000253 patent/WO2007132029A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3888687A (en) * | 1973-10-01 | 1975-06-10 | Taylors Sons Co Chas | Alumina-chrome refractory |
US5328879A (en) * | 1992-03-08 | 1994-07-12 | Veitscher-Magnesitwerke-Actien-Gesellschaft | Binding and plasticizing agent for preparing carbon-containing, refractory, ceramic materials and material prepared therewith |
WO2003059840A1 (en) * | 2002-01-16 | 2003-07-24 | Neos Cerámica E Investigación, S.L. | Ceramic pastes having a non-standard formulation with a phosphorous content greater than 2 % by weight, the preparation method thereof and the advantages of same |
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