WO2007115464A1 - Dispositif de traitement anaérobie d'eaux usées - Google Patents

Dispositif de traitement anaérobie d'eaux usées Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007115464A1
WO2007115464A1 PCT/CN2007/000391 CN2007000391W WO2007115464A1 WO 2007115464 A1 WO2007115464 A1 WO 2007115464A1 CN 2007000391 W CN2007000391 W CN 2007000391W WO 2007115464 A1 WO2007115464 A1 WO 2007115464A1
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Prior art keywords
treatment
sewage
water
sewage treatment
wall
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PCT/CN2007/000391
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Feng Zhao
Original Assignee
Feng Zhao
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Publication date
Application filed by Feng Zhao filed Critical Feng Zhao
Publication of WO2007115464A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007115464A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28Anaerobic digestion processes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sewage anaerobic treatment device.
  • the pollutants in domestic sewage and industrial wastewater are various. It is not expected that the pollutants can be eliminated by only one method.
  • a sewage often needs a treatment system composed of several methods or technologies to achieve treatment. The extent of the request.
  • sewage treatment can be divided into primary, secondary and tertiary treatment.
  • the first treatment is to remove the solid pollutants or sediments in the suspended state of the sewage.
  • the primary treated sewage is not suitable for discharge.
  • the primary treatment is pretreatment.
  • the main task of the secondary treatment is to remove the colloidal and dissolved organic pollutants (B0D substances) in the sewage, and the removal rate can reach more than 90%.
  • B0D substances colloidal and dissolved organic pollutants
  • the various methods of biological treatment can meet this requirement as long as they are in normal operation.
  • the sewage has already met the standards for discharging water.
  • the primary and secondary treatment methods are often used in urban sewage.
  • the third-stage treatment which is also called the conventional treatment method, is to further remove the pollutants that have not been removed by the secondary treatment. It is a deep treatment, which is based on sewage recovery and sewage reuse. Purpose.
  • Sludge is a by-product of sewage treatment and an inevitable product. If the sludge is not properly disposed, it will cause secondary pollution.
  • the primary treatment forms include septic tanks, primary sedimentation tanks, regulating tanks, etc.
  • septic tanks For domestic sewage of washing and shower type, there are few organic components, which can be treated by physical method, that is, primary precipitation. Pools, etc.
  • septic tanks For domestic sewage containing organic components such as manure, it is treated by biological methods, which is commonly referred to as septic tanks.
  • the secondary treatment of domestic sewage can be carried out in a variety of processes, and can be treated with aerobic treatment or anaerobic treatment. Since the aerobic treatment process is high in efficiency and mature in technology, more secondary treatment processes are selected for aerobic treatment. In real life, in most cases, manure and sewage are confluent, especially in underdeveloped areas, so septic tanks are widely used.
  • primary treatment septic tanks
  • the domestic sewage treated by the septic tank does not meet the requirements of the discharged water body, so it needs to be discharged into the urban pipe network and concentrated in the secondary treatment system (sewage treatment plant).
  • Step processing Due to the complexity of the urban pipe network, the long distance between the pipelines and the rapid expansion of the city, the condition of the pipe network is difficult to adapt to the development of the city. Once the pipes of certain diameters are buried underground, the change is difficult, so the sewage treated in the secondary treatment
  • the design of the treatment plant needs to be considered in terms of scale, geographical environment, characteristics along the line, operation and maintenance, etc. It has caused many sewage treatment systems to achieve the desired application effect and purpose.
  • the operation and maintenance of the sewage treatment plant is a professional work and a high investment.
  • only the first-level treatment facilities such as septic tanks cannot guarantee environmental protection and meet the discharge of sewage.
  • the construction, operation, and maintenance of a secondary treatment facility such as a wastewater treatment plant is another complex system work. Therefore, it is an effective and effective way to solve the problem of domestic sewage prevention by seeking a simple and practical domestic sewage treatment technology that can integrate the functions and requirements of primary treatment and secondary treatment of domestic sewage into one system.
  • anaerobic treatment is chosen because anaerobic treatment is more suitable for sewage treatment with high organic matter load and the ability to treat sludge, and is suitable for establishing processes that satisfy primary treatment and secondary treatment.
  • Anaerobic biological treatment technology is an artificial control and enhancement of microbial processes that are ubiquitous in nature. It is an effective means to deal with organic pollution and wastewater.
  • the technology is The development in the past 100 years is slow, mainly because of: (1) Anaerobic biological treatment technology is a multi-bacterial group, multi-level anaerobic fermentation process, with many populations, complex relationships, difficult to figure out; (2) some The populations are mutually symbiotic, and it is difficult to isolate and identify them. (3) The technique of culturing and separating bacteria under anaerobic conditions is complicated; (4) Because aerobic treatment is efficient under the same conditions, the application is high. Extensive, becoming the mainstream of biological treatment, weakening the attention and research in anaerobic treatment.
  • This stage of development has the following characteristics: (1) Concentrating sewage sedimentation and sludge fermentation in a septic tank (commonly known as septic tank), that is, based on a simple sedimentation tank, and appropriately storing the sludge storage volume as a volatile suspended organism A place where solids are liquefied.
  • the treatment target is sewage and sludge.
  • the sewage separator and the sludge fermentation are separated by a transverse partition; the upper and lower chambers are separately carried out, thereby forming a so-called double-layer sedimentation tank.
  • the third stage (1906-2001) the advanced stage of development of independent construction. This stage of development has the following characteristics:
  • the main treatment facilities developed during this phase are common anaerobic digestion tanks and UASB, anaerobic contact processes, two-phase anaerobic digestion processes, AF, AFB, etc.
  • the treatment targets also focus on the reduction of B0D and COD and the degradation of certain organic poisons.
  • the reactor body of anaerobic biological treatment technology has also experienced three eras.
  • Schroepfer developed an anaerobic contact reactor in the 1950s to further increase processing efficiency and load. These reactors can be referred to as the initial anaerobic reactor and are primarily used for the treatment of domestic sewage.
  • the second condition that a highly efficient anaerobic treatment system needs to meet is to make good contact between the incoming and maintained sludge.
  • This issue undoubtedly involves the design of the water distribution system.
  • a high reactor design or a high reflux strength can be obtained by using a effluent reflux.
  • anaerobic reactor mixing can be derived from both the mixing of the influent and the perturbation of the gas.
  • the influent water cannot use high hydraulic and organic loads, for example, when the process has to be used at low temperatures, the mixing intensity in the sludge bed is too low to offset the short-flow effect.
  • At least one overflow partition wall is disposed on the bottom wall of the pool body, and an overflow passage is formed between the overflow partition wall and the top wall of the pool body, and the cavity of the pool body is divided into water bodies and relatively independent.
  • Biological treatment area ;
  • the height of the bottom of the water inlet pipe from the bottom wall is higher than the height of the bottom wall, and the height of the overflow wall from the bottom wall is higher than the height of the water outlet from the bottom wall;
  • Each of the biological treatment regions is provided with at least one longitudinal through-body partition, and each of the biological treatment areas is divided into a plurality of biological body units of water bodies, wherein each of the longitudinal through-body partitions is provided with sewage flowing through Overcurrent channel
  • the height of the upper edge of the overflow passage from the bottom wall is lower than the height of the bottom of the water outlet pipe from the bottom wall;
  • Biocarrier fillers are provided on both sides of each of the longitudinal via separators to form a biocarrier filler region.
  • each of the divided water body units has a bio-carrier filler unit region, and the bio-carrier filler region is composed of a plurality of filler units; the filler units are arranged in a matrix.
  • the biocarrier filler region covers the flow passage and the flow cross section.
  • the biocarrier filler is intimately attached to the longitudinal via separator.
  • the total length of the biocarrier filler region along the water flow direction is at least 50% of the length of the cavity of the sewage treatment device along the water flow direction, that is, the length of the space of the biocarrier filler region distribution treatment pool in the horizontal direction of the treatment tank is greater than
  • the length of the water body is more than 50%.
  • the water body between the biocarrier filler region and the overflow partition forms a digestive fluid buffer.
  • the void between the biocarrier filler region and the bottom wall of the cell body forms a sinking zone.
  • the sedimentation zone gradually decreases with the progress of sewage treatment.
  • each of the longitudinal through-hole partitions is provided with at least one vent hole, and each of the vent holes is positioned lower than the top wall of the pool body and higher than the water surface.
  • At least one cleaning inspection port is respectively disposed on the top walls of each of the overflow partition walls; or directly above each of the overflow partition walls
  • the top wall is provided with a cleaning inspection port; each unit water body is provided with at least one cleaning inspection port above the water body between the packing area and the packing area and the top wall above the water body between the packing area and the wall.
  • the water inlet is connected to an inlet pipe, and the water outlet is connected to an outlet pipe.
  • the upper portion of the cell body is provided with a vent hole for discharging or collecting gas.
  • the exhaust hole is connected to an exhaust pipe.
  • Figure 1 is a horizontal schematic view of a sewage treatment tank provided with two longitudinal through-hole partitions.
  • Figure 2 is a view of the A-A of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a B-B view of Figure 1.
  • Figure 4 is an A-A view of a sewage treatment tank with four longitudinal through-hole partitions.
  • the sewage treatment device of the invention is a series of ecological anaerobic treatment device for a non-powered advection unit of domestic sewage.
  • a horizontally-disposed sewage treatment tank one end of the treatment tank is an inlet, which is connected to the inlet pipe of the sewage, and the other end is an outlet, which is connected to the outlet pipe of the sewage pipe.
  • the cell body is divided into a plurality of unit water bodies in series, and the bio-carrier filler is arranged in the unit water body, and the system groups the plurality of group cell carrier units formed by the three-dimensional bio-carrier filler in the pool body, in the process of the sewage passing through the packing unit,
  • the surface of the carrier filler forms a biofilm and a biological flora, and the sewage is digested; the biological carrier filler is distributed in a large amount in the pool space, accounting for more than 50% of the effective water volume; and as the sewage is pushed and translated, the sewage flows through a series of series.
  • the flora unit, different unit body sets different dominant bacteria groups, and different organic pollutants in the sewage are fully contacted and digested under the action of different biological groups.
  • the sewage treatment device can be rooted According to the scale of the treated sewage, water quality requirements and other factors to determine different specifications; for the large scale of sewage treatment, multiple monomer treatment tanks can be used in parallel.
  • the methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
  • Embodiment 1 A sewage treatment tank provided with two or four longitudinal through-hole partitions (overflow partitions) is only provided with a sewage treatment tank having only one overflow partition wall, two or four longitudinal through-hole partitions As an example, the sewage treatment tank of the present invention will be explained. In practical applications, according to the specific requirements of sewage treatment, a plurality of longitudinal through-hole partitions and corresponding unit bacterial carrier packing areas may be added in the chamber of the sewage treatment tank to improve the treatment scale and effect of the sewage.
  • the water body enters from the water inlet, and under the action of the liquid level difference, the flow operation is carried out, and the overflow partition wall is arranged in the middle of the pool body to divide the water body into two relatively independent units, the front unit
  • the water body overflows into the rear unit water body, and the water space on both sides of the overflow partition wall is the digestive liquid buffer area; in order to increase the microbial load and the contact condition, a large amount of the biological carrier filler is stereoscopically disposed in the water flow process before and after the two parts of the pool body.
  • the filler has a layered continuous distribution.
  • a longitudinal through-body partition is arranged in the filling zone, and the middle of the longitudinal through-body partition is an overflow passage, which can guide the water flow operation.
  • the overflow partition wall separates the water body of the treatment tank into two relatively independent water bodies, which can effectively eliminate and weaken the influence of pH on the biological treatment, and can also guide the overflow of the water flow.
  • the middle of the longitudinal through-body partition is a flow passage that acts to direct the flow of water, while the upper half of the longitudinal through-body partition traps the suspended matter and the lower half is capable of separating the sediment.
  • a large number of three-dimensional elastic fillers are disposed on both sides of the longitudinal through-body separator, and the filler is three-dimensionally filled in the flow cross section of the water flow, and is hierarchically distributed.
  • the sewage is diffused and pushed under the action of its own pressure.
  • the carrier filler parasitizes a large number of microbial flora.
  • the biological flora is densely distributed on the filler to form a layer. The changes in water quality environment and nutrients form different dominant flora, which is fully contacted with wastewater during the treatment process.
  • One end of the sewage treatment tank is the water inlet end, and the other end is the water outlet end, and the water inlet and the water outlet are respectively provided, and the water inlet and the water outlet can enter or discharge from different directions as needed.
  • the digestive juice of sewage has a buffering effect, which can adjust the pH and play a role in environmental transition.
  • Below the pool body and below the packing is a sinking mud area, and a clearing inspection port is provided on the top wall of the pool body.
  • a vent pipe is exhausted or methane gas is collected at the upper portion of the cell body. If the air vent is provided in the upper part of the longitudinal bulk baffle, the gas can be collected or discharged intensively. If the air vent is closed, it can be collected separately. Or discharge gas.
  • the anaerobic treatment system established by the technical scheme forms a small ecological system. According to different domestic sewage treatment requirements, the series packing unit body can be increased, the sewage treatment process and the flora load can be prolonged to improve the treatment capacity.
  • each inlet having an inlet pipe 9 connected thereto;
  • the opposite side walls 2 of the side wall 2 are provided with corresponding three water outlets, and each water outlet is connected with an outlet pipe 10; the height of the water outlet from the bottom wall 3 is lower than the height of the water outlet from the bottom wall 3.
  • Water can enter or exit from three directions as needed.
  • the overflow partition wall 4 divides the cavity of the pool body into two large unit areas, which can be respectively used as the acidic hydrolysis unit area and the methanogen digestion unit area; the overflow partition wall 4 and the top wall 1 of the pool body form an overflow circulation Road.
  • the height of the overflow partition wall 4 from the bottom wall 3 is higher than the height of the water outlet from the bottom wall 3, and the height of the overflow partition wall 4 from the bottom wall 3 is lower than the height of the water inlet from the bottom wall 3.
  • the two large unit areas are respectively divided into two series sub-unit areas by a longitudinal through-body partition 5 having a flow passage 13 in the middle, and the longitudinal through-body partition 5 is divided into an upper section and a lower section by the overflow passage 13 .
  • the upper section of the longitudinal through-body partition 5 is fixed to the top wall 1 and the side wall 2
  • the lower section of the longitudinal through-body partition 5 is fixed to the bottom wall 3 and the side wall 2.
  • the lower section of the longitudinal through-body partition 5 blocks the sedimentation sludge and the upper section intercepts the suspended solids.
  • the height of the upper edge of the flow passage 13 from the bottom wall 3 is lower than the height of the overflow partition wall 4 from the bottom wall 3, so that when the sewage treatment is performed, the overflow passage 13 is located in the middle of the sewage cross section, and the flow passage 13 The upper edge is below the water surface.
  • a biocarrier filler is formed three-dimensionally on each side of each of the longitudinal via partitions 5 to form a biocarrier filler region 7.
  • the surface of the bio-carrier filler can form a biofilm to form a three-dimensional biota of the unit.
  • the three-dimensional biota is composed of dominant bacteria and other bacteria, and can adapt to the processing requirements of complex ecosystems.
  • a space is maintained between the overflow partition 4 and the biocarrier packing area 7 as a buffer zone 6.
  • the buffer zone 6 can create a water condition for environmental transition by means of the buffering action of the digestive juice.
  • the gap between the biocarrier filler region 7 and the bottom wall 3 of the cell body forms a sinking zone.
  • the inspection clearing port 8 is provided to ensure the maintenance;
  • the upper part of the pool body is provided with a venting hole, and the venting hole is connected with an exhaust pipe 11 capable of discharging or collecting gas;
  • the upper portion of the longitudinal body partition plate 5 is provided with a vent hole 12 for communicating with the cell body, and each of the vent holes 12 is located at the top wall 1 ⁇ of the upper portion of the cell body.
  • Figure 4 is a process of increasing the processing unit in series according to the work of the digestion process, and prolonging the process.
  • the longitudinal through-body partition 5 is further divided to further partition the water body to form more unit water bodies, which can be on both sides of the longitudinal through-body partition 5
  • the water space between the two unit flora can separate the unit flora and also provide a clear inspection space.
  • the above sewage treatment tanks can be constructed in the form of reinforced concrete or brick-concrete structures, designed and constructed in accordance with relevant building technical standards. It can also be made of composite materials or reinforced plastics, and is implemented according to the technical standards of the corresponding materials.
  • Example 2 Treatment of sewage by using a sewage treatment tank provided with two longitudinal through-body separators and four groups of packing units
  • the structure of the sewage treatment tank is the same as that shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 in the first embodiment.
  • this form of design is used as a small processing facility, more for the treatment of residential sewage, the size of the treatment tank according to the requirements of the scale of sewage treatment, water quality (whether it is fecal confluence or diversion)
  • the effective volume is determined by various factors such as the water supply requirements and the sewage retention time.
  • the size of the monomer treatment tank ranges from an effective volume of several cubic meters to an effective volume of more than one hundred cubic meters.
  • the sewage treatment tank of the present invention is in the form of a buried arrangement.
  • the top wall of the pool body may be level with the ground, or a certain soil layer may be covered on the top wall.
  • the parameters of the structure and specifications of the processing pool will be adjusted as some requirements change.
  • the following is an example of a treatment tank with an effective volume of 25 cubic meters of concrete treatment tank.
  • the treatment tank is buried in the ground.
  • the effective volume of the treatment tank is 25 m 3
  • the elevation of the inlet pipe of the treatment tank is determined according to the elevation of the inlet pipe of the sewage pipe network.
  • the length of the treatment tank is 7.25 M, wherein the wall (side wall 2)
  • the wall thickness of the top wall 1 and the bottom wall 3), the longitudinal bulk partition 5, and the overflow partition wall 4 are both 200, and the clearance length in the pool body is 6.2 m, and the longitudinal through-body partition 5 and the overflow partition wall 4 are pooled.
  • the body is divided into four water bodies, wherein the effective length of the first water body at the inlet end is 2. 5 m, and the effective length of the other three water bodies is 1. 25 in; the width of the treatment pool is 2.
  • the height of the effective water depth or the overflow partition wall 4 is 2.0 m; the height of the bottom of the water inlet from the bottom wall 3 is higher than that of the overflow partition wall 4, and the overflow partition wall
  • the upper edge of 4 is 50 mm above the bottom of the water outlet ;
  • the middle of the longitudinal longitudinal partition 5 is a flow passage 13 which is located in the middle of the flow cross section of the water body, and the clearance height of the flow passage 13 is 500-700 mm ;
  • each side of the longitudinal body partition 5 is provided with a three-dimensional bio-carrier filler, and the bio-filling zone 7 of each unit is rectangular s, the width of the first unit is 1. 0. 8 m, the width is 2. 0 m, the effective height is 1. 8 m.
  • the m. 5 ⁇ The vertical distance between the overflow wall 4 and the side of the two bio-filled areas 7 is 0. 45-0. 65m.
  • the filler filled in the bio-carrier filler region is made of a general-purpose three-dimensional filler, including a three-dimensional elastic filler or a modified three-dimensional elastic filler.
  • the ordinary three-dimensional elastic filler is economical, and the three-dimensional elastic structure is suitable for matrix stereo arrangement and shearing. Cut sewage, so it is preferred to use suspended stereoscopic single filler.
  • the three-dimensional elastic filler is a series of elastic plastic wire membranes which are connected in series with a central rope. The center rope can be tied and fixed on the filler grid.
  • the diameter of the elastic filament membrane of the relatively three-dimensional elastic filler is mainly 10cm and 15cm. And other different specifications.
  • the two ends of the center rope of the three-dimensional elastic filler are respectively tied and fixed on the filler grid.
  • the three-dimensional filler is arranged in a longitudinal and lateral juxtaposed matrix and bound to the grid to form Filled cube area.
  • the grid support is suspended at corresponding positions on both sides of the longitudinal through-body partition 5.
  • Stereoelastic fillers are versatile materials and are produced in most filler manufacturing companies.
  • the sewage treatment tank of the present invention is used for the treatment of sewage contaminated by high-load organic matter, especially domestic sewage.
  • the specifications of the facility are generally determined based on the scale of the treatment of the sewage, the quality of the raw water, and the requirements for the effluent.
  • the treatment tank is operated under a natural working condition and is naturally connected with the sewage pipe network; the water inlet of the treatment tank is connected to the pipe in the direction of the sewage pipe network, and the outlet of the water outlet is connected to the discharge direction of the sewage pipe.
  • the same amount of untreated sewage enters the treatment tank at the inlet, and under the action of hydraulic power, the same amount of treated water after a series of anaerobic treatment is discharged at the water outlet.
  • Each water body has a bio-carrier packing unit.
  • the sewage of the first water unit is pushed into the second water unit, and so on, the sewage of the second unit enters the third unit, and the sewage of the third unit enters the fourth unit.
  • the water in the fourth unit is treated water through a series of digestion treatments, and is discharged from the water outlet.
  • each biological carrier packing unit in turn under the guidance of the water flow.
  • the surface of the biocarrier filler can form a biofilm to form a biological fungus Group, digesting the treated sewage.
  • Different packing units due to changes in water quality nutrients and environmental conditions, have different dominant flora, which can digest different organic substances separately.
  • the treatment object of this treatment pool is mainly the treatment of domestic sewage.
  • the domestic sewage is composed of a variety of complex organic materials, especially domestic sewage containing living manure.
  • the sewage itself carries various biological strains, and the bacteria are in A new dominant flora will be formed during the process of digesting sewage.
  • the surface of the biological carrier filler forms a biofilm enriched with the biological flora, and the formation of the biofilm can be formed by natural formation and artificial assisted formation.
  • Naturally formed biofilms naturally form biofilms and dominant flora during normal work.
  • domestic sewage itself has the bacteria and nutrients needed for cultivating and acclimating the flora.
  • the so-called dominant flora generally refers to the flora with specific processing ability.
  • the dominant flora is formed for specific nutrient substrates and environmental conditions, and is the result of long-term domestication and adaptation.
  • a plurality of sets of water unit or packing unit are connected in series, and the water quality condition gradually changes in different units due to biological action.
  • the dominant flora is the long-term adaptation and domestication of a large number of microbial flora, which gradually form an enzyme system with the characteristics of specific water quality metabolism, which has certain advantages and specificity.
  • the natural biofilm process is relatively long, so it is also possible to take artificially assisted measures, artificially assisted, and from the perspective of environmental conditions, artificial control of pH can be taken, especially in the latter part of the treatment tank.
  • the control of the weakly alkaline environment is achieved by adding alkaline materials. From the perspective of strain-assisted, it is possible to inoculate obligate strains such as the genus Artemis, the genus Ampicococcus, and the genus Arthritis. Manually assisted methods can improve the quality of biofilms and shorten the process.
  • the appropriate sewage retention time can be determined according to the raw water quality of the sewage, the amount of treated water, the effective volume of the treatment tank, and the requirements of the water treatment degree.
  • the domestic sewage has periodic discharge characteristics, so the residence time of the sewage can be set at different times such as 6 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, etc.
  • Different sewage retention time has different results for sewage treatment scale and effluent water quality, and adapt to different work requirements.
  • the organic sewage is digested and sludge is formed, and on the other hand, since the system is in an anaerobic digestion state, the sludge is digested and decomposed.
  • the amount of the carrier filler is large, the surface area of the biofilm formed is large, so that the material exchange with the external water body after the decomposition of the aged biofilm is facilitated, and the sludge digestion effect is relatively good, so the amount of excess sludge generated is relatively Said less.
  • the pollution of domestic sewage is the most basic and common form of water pollution, and the more it is in economically underdeveloped areas with poor infrastructure, the more serious such pollution.
  • Complex sewage treatment technology restricts the implementation of technology. Therefore, in the process of sewage prevention and control, it is impossible to emphasize one step in place, and it should be gradually improved step by step, and the process technology that is convenient to implement should be sought according to local conditions.
  • the invention utilizes natural conditions to realize sewage treatment.
  • the two ends of the sewage treatment tank are connected to the sewage pipe network, and the treatment process is carried out horizontally, and the sewage flowing through the treatment tank can be digested, no auxiliary measures are needed, and under natural conditions, the hydraulic action formed by the liquid level difference of the water body is operated.
  • the treatment tank can be adapted to local conditions. According to different treatment scales and treatment requirements, the treatment tanks with corresponding treatment capacity and specifications are set in the corresponding suitable geographical locations; the treatment pool adopts construction technology that conforms to the building code, and is easy to popularize and master the application.
  • the water body of the treatment tank is divided into a plurality of unit water bodies, and the unit water body is provided with a bio-carrier filler unit body, so that the treatment system forms a series of biological group units in series.
  • the anaerobic treatment process of sewage is a complex process, the diversity of organic components of sewage, the diversity of biological species involved, the coexistence of multiple biological treatment chains, and the co-production of biological flora.
  • the biochemical reaction products of the previous stage often become the nutrients of the latter biochemical reaction.
  • the biological flora gradually forms the dominant flora adapted to the environmental conditions at this stage.
  • biological carrier fillers are separately set at different stages of the water body, and different water unit units form different flora units, thereby providing the microorganisms with suitable growth environment conditions for adapting to different stages, so that different bacteria groups are at the most It functions in an excellent environment, and the bacteria can be stably operated due to the separation and buffering of water bodies.
  • the pH of the water body changes correspondingly with the product of the biochemical reaction.
  • the participating bacteria are mainly heterotrophic decomposing bacteria and acid-producing bacteria.
  • the final product of biochemical reaction contains organic acids such as butyric acid, propionic acid, acetic acid and formic acid, so the water body is acidic.
  • the treatment tank is provided with an overflow partition wall in the middle of the tank body, and the water body of the treatment tank is divided into two independent water bodies to avoid the water body.
  • the treatment pool has the conditions for improving work efficiency, thereby overcoming and solving the problem of low work efficiency under natural unpowered and energy-free conditions, and relatively efficient work.
  • a large amount of biocarrier filler is provided to form a large proportion of the biofilm surface area, thereby also increasing the specific surface area of the sludge metabolite exchange.
  • the sludge is sufficiently metabolized to produce less excess sludge, and the cost of maintenance of the cleaning is relatively low.
  • the final product of the anaerobic treatment is methane gas, which is a renewable energy source.
  • the treatment tank is provided with an exhaust pipe at the upper part of the tank body to discharge gas or collect and further utilize methane gas.
  • the treatment tank is located underground to reduce the impact on the ground environment.

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  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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Description

一种污水厌氧处理装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种污水厌氧处理装置。
背景技术
生活污水和工业废水中的污染物质是多种多样的, 不能预期只用一种 方法就能够把污染物质消除殆尽, 一种污水往往需要通过几种方法或技术 组成的处理***, 才能达到处理要求的程度。
按照处理程度划分, 污水处理可分为一级、 二级和三级处理。 一级处 理是去除污水中的悬浮状态的固体污染物或沉淀物, 一级处理的污水还不 宜排放, 相对于二级处理来说, 一级处理属于预处理。 二级处理的主要任 务是大幅度去除污水中呈胶体和溶解状态的有机性污染物质 (B0D物 质) , 去除率可达 90%以上。 生物处理的各种方法, 只要运行正常都能达 到这种要求, 一般地说, 经二级处理后, 污水已具备了排放水体的标准 了。
一级和二级处理法, 是城市污水经常采用的, 又称为常规处理法 三 级处理是进一步去除二级处理未能去除的污染物质, 属于深度处理, 是以 污水回收、 污水回用为目的的。
污泥则是污水处理的副产品, 也是必然产品, 如果污泥不进行妥善处 理, 就会造成二次污染。
从生活污水的情况看, 一级处理的形式包括化粪池、 初次沉淀池、 调 节池等, 对于洗涤、 淋浴类型的生活污水, 有机成分少, 可以采用物理法 一级处理, 也就是初次沉淀池等; 对于含有粪便等有机成分的生活污水, 则要釆用生物法处理, 也就是通常所说的化粪池。 生活污水的二级处理则 可以采用多种工艺形式, 可以采用好氧处理或者厌氧处理, 由于好氧处理 的工艺效率高, 技术成熟, 所以更多的二级处理工艺选择好氧处理。 . 在现实生活中, 大多数情况粪水和污水是合流的, 特别是欠发达地 区, 所以化粪池被广泛应用。 一般情况下, 一级处理 (化粪池) 可以根据 生活区的分布, 分散设置。 化粪池处理后的生活污水还不满足排放水体的 要求, 所以需要排入城市管网, 集中到二级处理*** (污水处理厂) 进一 步处理。 由.于城市管网的复杂化, 管线距离长, 城市扩张速度快, 管网状 况难以适应城市的发展, 一定管径的管道一旦埋入地下, 变更的难度大, 所以在二级处理的污水处理厂的设计上需要在规模、 地理环境、 沿线特 点、 运行维护等方面重点考虑。 造成了很多污水处理***难以达到理想的 应用效果和目的。
. 污水处理厂的运行和维护是一项专业的工作, 也是一项高额的投资, 对于欠发达地区来讲, 仅仅建设化粪池这样的一级处理设施, 则不能保证 环保, 满足排放污水的要求。 建设、 运行、 维护一个污水处理厂这样的二 级处理设施, 又是一项复杂的***工作。 所以寻求一种简易、 实用的生活 污水处理技术, 能够将生活污水的一级处理和二级处理的功能和要求融合 到一个***, 是解决生活污水防治的一个有效方向。
目前需要一个将生活污水的一级处理和二级处理功能结合到一起的一 种简单、 经济、 实用的厌氧处理方法。
选择厌氧处理的技术, 是因为厌氧处理更加适合有机物负荷高的污水 处理, 以及能够处理污泥的功能, 适于建立满足一级处理和二级处理的工 艺。
从厌氧处理的发展过程能够进一步了解厌氧处理的背景技术:
厌氧生物处理技术是对普遍存在于自然界的微生物过程的人为控制与 强化, 是处理有机污染和废水的有效手段, 但由于人们对参与这一过程的 微生物的研究和认识不足, 致使该技术在过去的 100年里发展缓慢, 其原 因主要有: (1 ) 厌氧生物处理技术是一种多菌群, 多层次的厌氧发酵过 程, 种群多, 关系复杂, 难于弄清楚; (2) 有些种群之间呈互营共生性, 分离鉴定的难度大; (3 ) 厌氧条件下培养分离和鉴定细菌的技术复杂; (4) 由于好氧处理在同程度的工况下效率高, 所以应用广泛, 成为生物处理法 的主流, 削弱了厌氧处理方面的关注和研究。
厌氧处理发展过程大致经历了三个阶段:
第一阶段 (1860— 1899年) : 单一沉淀与厌氧发酵合池并行的初期发 展阶段。 这个发展阶段具有以下特点: ( 1 ) 把污水沉淀和污泥发酵集中在一个腐化池 (septictank, 俗称化 粪池) 中进行, 亦即以简易的沉淀池为基础, 适当 ί广大其污泥贮存容积, 作为挥发性悬浮生物固体液化的场所。
(2 ) 处理对象为污水、 污泥。
(3 ) 精确设计和建造的化粪池至今仍在无排水管网地区以及某些大型 居住或公用建筑的排水管网上使用着。
第二阶段 (1899— 1906年) : 污水沉淀与厌氧发酵分层迸行的发展阶 段。 这个发展阶段具有以下特点:
( 1 ) 在处理构筑物中, 用横向隔板把污水沉淀和污泥发酵两种作用分 隔;^上下两室分别进行, 由此形成了所谓的双层沉淀池
(twostorytank) 。
(2 ) 当时的污染指标仍以悬浮固体为主, 但生物气的能源功能已为人 所认识, 并开始开发利用。
第三阶段 (1906— 2001年) : 独立式营建的高级发展阶段。 这个发展 阶段具有以下特点:
( 1 ) 把沉淀池中的厌氧发酵室分离出来, 建成独立工作的厌氧消化反 应器。 在此阶段中开发的主要处理设施有普通厌氧消化池和 UASB、 厌氧接 触工艺、 两相厌氧消化工艺、 AF、 AFB等。
(2 ) 把有机废水和有机污泥的处理和生物气的利用结合起来,.即把环 保和能源开发结合起来, 沼渣的综合利用也被当作重要任务提到了议事日 程。
(3 ) 处理对象除 VSS外, 还着眼于 B0D和 COD的降低以及某些有机毒 物的降解。 ,
厌氧生物处理技术的反应器主体也经历了三个时代。
1. 第一代反应器 …, 厌氧生物处理技术已有了 100多年的历史。 1860年法国工程师 Motuas 就采用厌氧方法处理废水中经沉淀的固体物质。 1896年英国出现了第一座 用于处理生活污水的厌氧消化池, 所产生的沼气用于照明, 1904年德国的 Imhof f将其发展为 Inihof f双层沉淀池 (即腐化池) , 至今仍然在有效使 用。 1914年美国有 14座城市建立了厌氧消化池。 至 40年代, 澳大利亚 出现了高效的、 可加温的和连续搅拌的消化池, 处理效率有所提高。
Schroepfer在 50年代开发了厌氧接触反应器, 进一步提高了处理效率与 负荷。 这些反应器可称为最初的厌氧反应器, 主要应用于生活污水的处 理。
厌氧微生物生长缓慢, 世代时间长, 足够长的停留时间是厌氧工艺成 功的关键条件。 很显然厌氧消化池无法分离水流停留时间和污泥停留时 间, 这也是污泥消化池必须保持足够长的停留时间的原因之一。 一般消化 工艺辛中温 (30— 35。C ) 停留时间为 20— 30d。
2. 第二代反应器
高效率厌氧处理***必须满足的条件之一是: 能够保持大量的活性厌
*污泥。 依照这一原则人们成功的开发了第二代厌氧反应器。 这些反应器 的一个 ¾同特点是可以将固体停留时间与水流停留时间相分离, 其固体停 留时间可以长达上百 d。 这使得厌氧处理高浓度污水的停留时间从过去的 几 d或几十 d缩短到几 h或几 d。 60年代末开始出现以提高厌氧微生物浓 度和停留时间、 缩短液体停留时'间为目标的厌氧滤器 (AnaerobicFilter, 简称 AF) .、 厌氧流化床 (Anaerobic Fluidized Bed, 简称 AFB) 反应 器、 上流式厌氧污泥床 (Up- flow Anaer-obic Sludge Bed, 简称 UASB) ^应器等。 .
3. 第三代反应器 ,
; 高效厌氧处理***需要满足的第 2个条件, 是使得进水和保持的污泥 之间的良好接触。 为此, 人们首先应该确保在反应器布水的均匀性, 因为 这样才可¾最大程度的避免短流。 这一问题无疑涉及到布水***的设计。 同时可采用高的反应器设计或釆用出水回流而获得高的搅拌强度。 从另一 方面讲, 厌氧反应器混合可来源于进水的混合和产气的扰动这两方面。 但 是当进水无法釆用高的水力和有机负荷的情况下, 例如工艺在低温条件下 只得采用低负荷时, 由于在污泥床内的混合强度太低以致无法抵消短流效 应, 这种情况使 UASB反应器的应用受到限制。 正是对于这一问题的研究导 致了第三代厌氧反应器的开发和应用。 目前研究得比较多的有: 厌氧颗粒 污泥膨胀床 ( Expanded Granular Sludge Bed, 简称 EGSB ) 、 厌氧内循 环反应器 (Inside Cycling, 简称 IC) , 厌氧升流式流化床 ( Up- Flow Bed, 简称 UFB) 、 厌氧膜生物*** (Anaerobic Membrane Biosystem, 简 称 AMBS分级 "多相" , 厌氧反应器 (Stage Multi-Phase Anaerobic, 简 称 SMPA) 及其处理***等等, 大部分尚处于开发阶段, 没有生产规模。
无论是采用哪种技术的反应器, 实践表明, 良好的厌氧反应器应至少 满足以下要求:
( 1 ) 良好的污泥截留能力, 以保证反应器内足够的生物量;
(2) 具有生物污泥与进水基质充分接触的条件, 以充分发挥微生物对 有机物的降解能力;
(3 ) 具有提供微生物适宜的生长环境条件的功能, 以使不同种群的厌 氧微生物在其最优环境条件下发挥功能、 稳定运行。 为此, 必须根据有机 物厌氧降解的途径、 反应动力学及反应器的混合流态等分析提高处理效果 和保持反应器运行稳定性的措施, 并与反应器的工艺设计相结合, 全面提 高反应器的性能。
为了满足一个良好的厌氧处理反应器需要具备以上几点基本要求, 很 多厌氧处理反应器从污水的输送、 搅拌、 升温等方面, 都不同程度采用了 动力措施来提高工效, 动力措施的应用对工艺的运行成本和维护方面形成 影响。
从以上对污水的厌氧处理的技术发展过程, 我们可以看到, 在生活污 水的处理领域, 比较通用的设施主要是化粪池, 这是因为化粪池使用简 易, 但是化粪池的技术比较落后。 其他的高效的厌氧处理工艺, 由于各方 面原因, 应用并不广泛。
随着环保的要求越来越高, 与城镇化发展的矛盾也更突出, 生活污水 是人类生活环境中必然的产物, 无时无刻不在影响着环境和水资源。 如果 说工业污水的污染可以通过管理控制进行污染点的预防和处理, 可以通过 一定的手段解决, 但是生活污水的污染却表现了分散、 地域广、 排放点 多、 管网限制、 经济条件等制约因素。 所以设计一种能够强化并替代生活 污水的一级处理, 具有普遍应用的实用性, 并且接近或达到二级处理的效 果的处理工艺, 是解决生活污水治理的有效途径。 厌氧处理的另外一个发 展方向, 应该是在一个贴近应用的工艺基础上, 寻求提高工效、 环保、 资 源利用等附带工作能力。 满足这样需求的生活污水处理设施, 需要在设施的建设、 运行、 维 护、 管理方面具有同化粪池相近的简便通用模式, 还需要满足具备一个良 好的厌氧处理设施必备的工艺条件和效果。
发明公开
本发明的一个目的是提供一种污水厌氧消化处理装置。
本发明所提供的污水处理装置, 它包括一封闭的池体; 在所述池体的 至少一个侧壁上设有至少一个进水口, 在该设有进水口侧壁的相对侧壁 上, 设有相应的出水口, 所述出水口距底壁的高度低于所述进水口距底壁 的高度;
在所述池体的底壁上设有至少一个溢流隔墙, 溢流隔墙与所述池体的 顶壁之间形成溢流通道, 将所述池体的腔体分成水体相对独立的生物处理 区域;
所述进水口管底距所述底壁的高度高于所述溢流隔墙, 所述溢流隔墙 距所述底壁的高度高于所述出水口距所述底壁的高度;
所述每个生物处理区域内设有至少一个纵向通体隔板, 将所述每个生 物处理区域分隔为若干水体的生物菌群单元, 所述每个纵向通体隔板中部 设有供污水流过的过流通道;
所述过流通道的上沿距所述底壁的高度低于所述出水口管底距所述底 壁的高度;
在所述每个纵向通体隔板的两侧均设有生物载体填料, 形成生物载体 填料区域。
该污水处理装置中, 每个被分隔的水体单元都有一个生物载体填料单 元区域, 所述生物载体填料区域由若千填料单元组成; 所述填料单元呈立 体矩阵式排列。 所述生物载体填料区域将所述过流通道及过流截面覆盖。 所述生物载体填料紧密连接于所述纵向通体隔板。
所述生物载体填料区域沿水流方向的总长度至少是所述污水处理装置 的腔体沿水流方向长度的 50%, 即所述生物载体填料区域分布处理池的空 间沿处理池水平方向的长度大于水体长度 50%以上。
所述生物载体填料区域与所述溢流隔墙之间的水体形成消化液缓冲 区。 所述生物载体填料区域与所述池体的底壁之间的空隙形成沉泥区。 所述沉淀区随着污水处理的进程, 沉泥区间逐步减小。
为了连通池体, 上述污水处理装置中, 所述每个纵向通体隔板的上部 设有至少一个通气孔, 所述每个通气孔的位置低于所述池体的顶壁并高于 水面。
为了满足维护的需要, 上述污水处理装置中, 所述每个溢流隔墙的两 恻的顶壁上分别设有至少一个清掏检查口; 或在所述每个溢流隔墙的正上 方的顶壁上设有一个清掏检查口; 每个单元水体在填料区与填料区之间的 水体上方以及填料区与池壁之间水体上方的顶壁上设有至少一个清掏检查 口。
上述污水处理装置中, 所述进水口连接有进水管, 所述出水口连接有 出水管。
为了便于排放或收集气体, 所述池体的上部设有排气孔, 以排放或收 集气体。 所述排气孔连接有排气管。
附图说明
图 1是设有两个纵向通体隔板的污水处理池水平示意图。
图 2是图 1的 A-A视图。
图 3是图 1的 B-B视图。
. 图 4是设有四个纵向通体隔板的污水处理池的 A- A视图。
实施发明的最佳方式
本发明的污水处理装置是一种生活污水的无动力平流单元串联生态型 厌氧处理装置。 在一个水平横置的污水处理池内, 处理池的一端是进水 口, 与污水的进水管连接, 另一端是出水口, 与污水管道的出水管连接。 池体被串联分隔为多组单元水体, 单元水体内设置生物载体填料, ***将 多组由立体生物载体填料形成的单元菌群载体单元分隔串联在池体内, 在 污水经过填料单元的过程中, 载体填料表面形成生物膜和生物菌群, 消化 经过的污水; 生物载体填料立体大量分布在池内空间, 占有效水容积的 50%以上; 随着污水的推流平移, 污水逐次流经一系列串联的菌群单元 体, 不同的单元体集合不同的优势菌群, 污水中不同的有机污染物质在不 同的生物菌群的作用下得到充分接触消化处理。 本污水处理装置, 可以根 据处理的污水规模、 水质要求等因素确定不同的规格; 对于处理污水的规 模大的情况, 可以将多个单体的处理池并联使用。 下述实施例中的方法, 如无特别说明, 均为常规方法。
实施例 1、 设有两个或四个纵向通体隔板 (过流隔墙) 的污水处理池 下面仅以只设有一个溢流隔墙、 两个或四个纵向通体隔板的污水处理 池为例, 阐述本发明的污水处理池。 在实际应用中, 可根据污水处理的具 体要求, 在污水处理池的腔体内增加串联多个纵向通体隔板及相应的单元 菌群载体填料区, 来提高污水的处理规模和效果。
本发明的污水处理池, 水体从进水口进入, 在液位差的作用下, 推流 运行, 在池体的中部设置的溢流隔墙, 将水体分隔成相对独立的两大单 元, 前单元的水体溢流进入后单元水体, 在溢流隔墙的两侧水体空间是消 化液缓冲区域; 为提高微生物负荷和接触条件, 在池体的前后两部分水流 过程中立体设置大量的生物载体填料, 填料呈现层次化的连续分布, 为了 保证合理引导水流, 实现充分接触和平流推行, 在填料区设置纵向通体隔 板, 纵向通体隔板的中部是过流通道, 能够引导水流运行。 其中, 溢流隔 墙把处理池的水体分隔为相对独立的两个水体, 可以有效消除和削弱 pH对 生物处理的影响, 也能对水流进行溢流引导。 纵向通体隔板的中部是过流 通道, 起到引导水流的作用, 同时纵向通体隔板的上半部分能截留悬浮 物, 下半部分能够分隔沉淀物。 纵向通体隔板的两侧设置大量的立体弹性 填料, 填料在水流的过流断面立体布满, 并呈现层次化分布。 污水在自身 压力的作用下漫射推流运行, 载体填料在生物膜形成后, 寄生大量的微生 物菌群, 根据载体填料的结构特点, 生物菌群在填料上疏密分布, 形成层 次, 随着水质环境和营养物的变化, 形成不同的优势菌群, 与污水在处理 过程充分接触降解。 污水处理池的一端是进水端, 另一端是出水端, 分别 设进水口和出水口, 进水口和出水口根据需要可以从不同方向进入或排 出。 污水的消化液具有缓冲作用, 可以调节酸碱度, 起到环境过渡的作 用。 池体下部以及填料的下面是沉泥区, 在池体的顶壁上设清掏检查口。 在池体的上部设通气管排气或者收集甲烷气。 如果在纵向通体隔板的上部 设过气孔, 则可以集中收集或排放气体, 如封闭过气孔, 则可以单独收集 或排放气体。 由此技术方案建立的厌氧处理***, 形成一个小的生态体 系, 根据不同的生活污水处理要求, 可以采取增加串联填料单元体, 延长 污水处理的过程和菌群负荷来提升处理能力。
如图 1、 2、 3所示, 在一个水平卧式的厌氧处理污水的池体的侧壁 2 上设有三个迸水口, 每个进水口连接有一个进水管 9; 在设有进水口侧壁 2 的相对侧壁 2上, 设有相应的三个出水口, 每个出水口连接有一个出水管 10; 出水口距底壁 3的高度低于迸水口距底壁 3的高度。 水根据需要可从 三个方向进入或排出。 溢流隔墙 4将池体的腔体分为两个大单元区, 可分 别作为酸性水解单元区和甲烷菌消化单元区; 溢流隔墙 4与池体的顶壁 1 之间形成溢流通道。 溢流隔墙 4距底壁 3的高度高于出水口距底壁 3的高 度, 溢流隔墙 4距底壁 3的高度低于进水口距底壁 3的高度。 该两个大单 元区又分别被中部设有过流通道 13的纵向通体隔板 5分为两个串联子单元 区, 纵向通体隔板 5被过流通道 13分成上段和下段两部分。 纵向通体隔板 5的上段固定于顶壁 1 和侧壁 2, 纵向通体隔板 5的下段固定于底壁 3 和 侧壁 2。 纵向通体隔板 5的下段可以阻隔沉淀污泥, 上段能够拦截悬浮 物。 过流通道 13的上沿距底壁 3的高度低于溢流隔墙 4距底壁 3的高度, 以便在进行污水处理时, 过流通道 13位于污水过流截面的中部, 过流通道 13的上沿位于水面以下。 在每个纵向通体隔板 5的两侧均立体设有生物载 体填料, 形成生物载体填料区域 7。 生物载体填料表面可以形成生物膜, 形成单元的立体生物群, 立体的生物群由优势菌群以及其他多种菌群组 成, 能够适应复杂的生态***的处理要求。 溢流隔墙 4和生物载体填料区 域 7之间保持一定的空间作为缓冲区 6, 缓冲区 6可以借助消化液的缓冲 作用, 创造环境过渡的水体条件。 生物载体填料区域 7与池体的底壁 3之 间空隙形成沉泥区。 在池体的顶壁 1的不同区间设检查清掏口 8, 能够保 证维护的需要; 池体的上部设排气孔, 排气孔连接有排气管 11, 能够排放 或收集气体; 每个纵向通体隔板 5的上部设有通气孔 12, 以连通池体, 每 个通气孔 12的位置位于池体的上部的顶壁 1·下。
图 4是根据消化处理的工作需要, 以串联的形式增加处理单元, 延长 处理过程。 如图所示, 在厌氧处理的过程中, 增加纵向通体隔板 5将水体 的区间进一步分隔, 形成更多的单元水体, 在纵向通体隔板 5的两侧可以 设置更多的填料单元菌群, 延长了处理过程, 也能够相应提高处理工效。 两个单元菌群之间的水体空间能够分隔单元菌群, 同时也提供清掏检查空 间。
上述污水处理池可釆取钢筋混凝土或砖混结构的建造的形式, 依据有 关的建筑技术标准设计和施工。 另外也可以釆用复合材料或增强塑料加工 制作, 并依据相应材料的技术标准实施。
实施例 2、 利用设有两个纵向通体隔板含四组填料单元的污水处理池 处理污水
一、 设有两个纵向通体隔板含四组填料单元的污水处理池
该污水处理池的结构与实施例 1中的图 1、 图 2和图 3所示的结构相 同。 在一般情况下, 这种形式的设计作为小型的处理设施, 更多的用于小 区生活污水的处理, 处理池的规格根据要求处理的污水规模、 水质情况 (是粪污合流还是粪污分流) 、 出水要求、 污水停留时间等多方面因素确 定有效容积。 单体处理池的规格从几立方米的有效容积到一百以上立方米 的有效容积不等。 本发明的污水处理池都釆用埋地设置的形式, 根据具体 情况, 池体的顶壁可以与地面平, 也可以在顶壁上覆盖一定的土层。 处理 池的结构和规格上的参数会随着一些要求的变化调整。 以下以有效容积 25 立方米的混凝土处理池为例表示处理池的参数。
具体参数如下:
处理池埋在地下, 处理池的有效容积是 25 m3, 根据污水管网进水管的 标高确定处理池进水管的标高, 处理池的长度为 7. 25 M, 其中池壁 (侧壁 2、 顶壁 1和底壁 3 ) 、 纵向通体隔板 5、 溢流隔墙 4的壁厚均为 200讓, 池体内的净空长度 6. 25m, 纵向通体隔板 5和溢流隔墙 4将池体分为四个 单元水体区, 其中进水端的第一水体区有效长度 2. 5 m, 其他三个水体区 的有效长度各为 1. 25 in; 处理池的宽为 2. 0 ra, 高度根据具体的埋设深度 确定, 有效水深或溢流隔墙 4的高度为 2. 0 m; 进水口的管底距底壁 3的 高度高于溢流隔墙 4上沿 100醒, 溢流隔墙 4的上沿高于出水口的底部 50mm; 纵向纵向隔板 5的中部是过流通道 13, 过流通道 13位于水体的过 流截面的中部, 过流通道 13的过水净空高度 500- 700mm; 每个纵向通体隔 板 5的两侧设置立体的生物载体填料, 每个单元的生物填料区 7为长方 体, 沿水流方向长度, 除了第一个单元填料区长 1. 2- 1. 50 m , 其他三组 单元填料区均在 0. 6- 0. 8m, 宽 2. 0m, 有效高 1. 8m; —、 二填料区的下方 与处理池的底壁 3之间留有 0. 2m的空间作为沉淀区, 三、 四填料区的下部 与底壁 3留 0. 1 m作为沉淀区。 溢流隔墙 4与两个生物填料区域 7侧面的 垂直距离为 0. 45-0. 65m。
生物载体填料区域所填充的填料釆用通用的立体填料, 包括立体弹性 填料或者经过改迸的组合立体弹性填料等, 其中, 普通的立体弹性填料比 较经济, 立体的弹性结构适宜矩阵立体排列和剪切污水, 所以首选采用悬 挂式立体^单性填料。 立体弹性填料是将一系列弹性塑料丝膜片用中心绳串 联而成, 中心绳可以绑扎固定在填料网架上, 现在比较常甩的立体弹性填 料的弹性丝膜片的直径主要有 10cm、 15cm等不同规格。 在本发明中, 将立 体弹性填料的中心绳的两端分别绑扎固定在填料网架上, 根据需要的填料 区的立方体规格需要, 立体填料在纵向和横向并列矩阵排列绑扎在网架 上, 形成填料立方体区域。 网架支撑悬挂在纵向通体隔板 5两侧相应的位 置上。 立体弹性填料是通用材料, 在多数的填料生产企业都有生产。
二、 处理污水
1、 本发明的污水处理池用于高负荷有机物污染的污水, 特别是生活污 水的处理。 一般根据污水的处理规模、 原水的水质以及出水的要求确定设 施的规格。
2、 本处理池是在一种自然工况下工作的, 与污水管网自然连接; 处理 池的进水口连接污水管网来水方向的管道, 出水口连接污水管道的排放方 向。 等量的未经处理的污水在进水口进入处理池的同时, 在水力的作用 下, 同量的经过一系列厌氧处理的处理水, 则在出水口被排出。
3、 以有四个水体单元的处理池为例, 每个水体都有一个生物载体填料 单元。 当污水进入处理池时, 在水力的自然作用下, 第一水体单元的污水 被推流进入第二水体单元, 以此类推, 第二单元的污水进入第三单元, 第 三单元污水进入第四单元, 第四单元的水体是经过一系列消化处理的处理 水, 从出水口被排出池体。
4、 污水在逐次流经各个水体的过程中, 在水流的引导下, 依次通过各 个生物载体填料单元。 生物载体填料的表面可以形成生物膜, 形成生物菌 群, 对经过的污水进行消化处理。 不同的填料单元, 由于水质营养物以及 环境条件的变化, 优势菌群不同, 这样可以分别消化不同的有机物质。
5、 本处理池的处理对象是以生活污水的处理为主, 生活污水是由多种 复杂的有机物组成, 特别是含生活粪便的生活污水, 污水自身携带有各种 生物菌种, 菌种在消化污水的过程中会形成新的优势菌群。 在本处理设计 中, 生物载体填料的表面形成富集生物菌群的生物膜, 生物膜的形成可以 采用自然形成和人工辅助形成两种形式。
自然形成的生物膜也就是在正常工作的过程中自然形成生物膜和优势 菌群。 生活污水本身就具有培养和驯化菌群所需要的菌种和营养物, 在本 处理池的处理***中, 本身就具备形成生物菌群生物膜的条件, 所以在正 常的工作条件下, 就可以自我生成生物膜和优势菌群。 所谓优势菌群一般 是指有专性处理能力的菌群, 优势菌群是针对特定的营养底物和环境条件 而形成的, 是长期驯化和适应的结果。 在本发明的污水处理装置中, 是由 多组水体单元或填料单元串联而成, 由于生物作用, 水质状况在不同单元 逐步发生变化。 优势菌群就是大量的微生物菌群经过长期的适应驯化, 逐 渐形成具有代谢特定水质特点的酶***, 具有某种优势专性。
相对来讲自然形成的生物膜过程较长, 所以也可以采取人工辅助的措 施, 人工辅助的方式, 从环境条件辅助的角度, 可以采取酸碱度的人为控 制, 特别是在处理池的后段过程, 对弱碱性环境的控制, 采用投加碱性材 料实现。 从菌种辅助的角度, 可以通过接种专性菌种, 如甲垸球菌属、 八 叠甲烷球菌属、 甲垸杆菌属等。 采用人工辅助的方式可以提高生物膜的质 量, 縮短过程。
6、 在本处理池的实施中, 可以根据污水的原水水质、 处理水量、 处理 池的有效容积, 水质处理程度要求等因素来确定适宜的污水停留时间。 根 据本处理池的污水处理对象是生活污水的情况, 生活污水每天都具有周期 性的排放特点, 所以, 可以设定污水的停留时间在 6小时、 8小时、 12小 时、 24小时等不同时间, 不同的污水停留时间对污水处理规模、 出水水质 有不同的结果, 适应不同的工作要求。
7、 在本处理池的设计中, 通过溢流隔墙的水体分隔作用以及消化液生 化反应的缓冲能力, 自然形成相对独立的酸碱水体。 8、 一般情况下, 含粪污水处理前后的主要技术指标 (由于不同工况下 水质结果有差异, 以下为参考值) 情况如表 1所示- 表 1含粪污水处理前后的主要技术指标
Figure imgf000016_0001
9、 在本处理***中, 一方面有机污水被消化处理, 并形成污泥, 另一 方面, 由于本***是处于厌氧消化工作状态, 同时污泥被消化和分解。 在 本处理***中, 由于载体填料数量大, 形成的生物膜表面积大, 所以有利 于老化生物膜分解后与外部水体的物质交换, 污泥消化效果相对好, 因此 产生的剩余污泥量相对来说比较少。
工业应用
1、 简化应用门槛; 在各种污水处理的工艺中, 大多数处理工艺都需要 附加人为辅助的措施, 一定程度产生动力和能量消耗成本, 同时工艺的技 术性要求也高。 而且污水处理的程度越高, 工艺实施的条件也越高。 所以 利用自然因素, 简化工艺条件、 实现应用的实用性是污水处理工艺研究的 新方向。
生活污水的污染是水污染中最基本和普遍的形式, 而且越是在经济欠 发达、 基础设施落后的地区, 这种污染越严重。 复杂的污水处理技术制约 了技术的实施, 所以在污水防治的过程中, 不能够强调一步到位, 应该循 序渐进逐步完善, 因地制宜地寻求方便实施的工艺技术。 本发明就是利用 自然条件, 实现污水处理。
本污水处理池的两端连接污水管网, 处理过程水平展开, 能够对流经 处理池的污水进行消化处理, 不需要辅助措施, 在自然条件下, 利用水体 的液位差形成的水力作用运行。 处理池可以因地制宜, 根据不同的处理规 模和处理要求, 在相应的合适地理位置, 设置相应处理能力和规格的处理 池; 处理池采用符合建筑规范的施工技术, 易于普及掌握应用。
2、 创造实现高效处理能力的条件, 从而提高处理池在自然的无动力工 况下的工作能力; ( 1 ) 良好的污泥截留能力, 以保证反应器内足够的生物量; 在本发明 处理池内, 除了正常存在于水体的微生物以外, 在每一个水体单元都设置 有生物载体填料区, 填料充斥水体单元的大部分区域, 填料表面形成生物 菌群的生物膜, 污水在流经处理池的过程中, 需要依次通过各个水体的菌 群填料区, 被微生物吸附和消化。 菌群填料区分布整个过水截面, 富集微 生物, 所以本工艺可以实现良好的污泥截留能力, 并具备足够的生物量。
(2 ) 具有生物污泥与进水基质充分接触的条件, 以充分发挥微生物对 有机物的降解能力; 本处理池内沿水流方向依次设置了多组生物载体填料 单元, 填料排列在整个水流的过流断面, 是污水流经的必然过程。 填料的 结构是立体的丝膜组成, 能够与水体充分剪切接触, 所以生物膜能够发挥 降解有机物的能力。
( 3 ) 具有提供微生物适宜的生长环境条件的功能, 以使不同种群的厌 氧微生物在其最优环境条件下发挥功能、 稳定运行。 在本处理***中, 将 处理池的水体分成多组单元水体, 单元水体设置生物载体填料单元体, 从 而使本处理***形成一系列串联的生物菌群单元。 污水的厌氧处理过程是 一个复杂的处理过程, 污水的有机成分多样性, 参与的生物菌种多样性, 多条生物处理链条共存, 生物菌群同生共营。 前一阶段的生化反应的产 物, 往往成为后一 段生化反应的营养物, 生物菌群随着营养底物的变 化, 逐渐形成适应该阶段环境条件的优势菌群。 在本处理池中, 就是在水 体的不同阶段, 分别设置生物载体填料, 不同的水体单元形成不同的菌群 单元, 从而为微生物提供了适应不同阶段的适宜生长环境条件, 使不同菌 群在最优的环境下发挥功能, 由于水体的分隔和缓冲, 可以使菌群稳定运 行。
在厌氧处理的过程中, 伴随着生化反应的产物, 水体的酸碱度相应发 生变化。 在厌氧处理的前期阶段, 参与的菌群主要是异养型的腐化菌和产 酸菌, 生化反应的最终产物含有丁酸、 丙酸、 乙酸、 甲酸等有机酸, 所以 水体呈酸性。 为了消除酸性水体对厌氧处理后期碱性阶段的甲烷菌环境冲 击的影响, 本处理池在池体的中部设置了溢流隔墙, 将处理池的水体分为 两块独立的水体, 避免水体直接混合, 借助消化液生化反应的缓冲能力, 缓冲酸碱度。 从而为甲垸菌群创造良性水体环境。 通过工艺上的设计, 本处理池具备了提高工作效率的条件, 从而克服 和解决了在自然的无动力、 无能源条件下工作效率低的问题, 相对地讲实 现了高效工作。
3、 减少剩余污泥的产量, 降低维护成本; 在污水处理的过程中, 分解 和合成同时进行, 无论分解和合成都能够起到消化有机物质的作用。 污泥 在合成的同时, 也在分解和消化, 污泥如果不能及时充分消化掉, 就会累 积起来。 所以形成良性的污泥代谢产物与水体交换的条件, 可以促进污泥 的充分消化。 一般的传统工艺中, 通过提高污泥的混合搅拌能力, 从而提 高污泥代谢产物与水体的交换。 在本处理池***中, 设置了大量的生物载 体填料, 形成大比例的生物膜表面积, 因而也提高了污泥代谢产物交换的 比表面积。 污泥代谢充分从而形成的剩余污泥就少, 清掏维护的成本相对 就降低。
4、 为能源利用创造了条件。 厌氧处理的最终产物是甲烷气, 甲烷气是 一种可再生能源, 本处理池在池体的上部设置了排气管, 可以排放气体或 者收集并进一步利用甲烷气。
5、 适宜建立不同规格的处理***, 能够因地制宜, 适应城市管网复 杂、 分散的状况, 可以用于城镇生活污水治理的分区解决方案。 处理池设 于地下, 减少对地面环境的影响。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种污水处理装置, 它包括一封闭的池体; 在所述池体的至少一个 侧壁上设有至少一个进水口, 在该设有进水口侧壁的相对侧壁上, 设有相 应的出水口, 所述出水口距底壁的高度低于所述进水口距所述底壁的高 度;
在所述池体的底壁上设有至少一个溢流隔墙, 所述溢流隔墙与所述池 体的顶壁之间形成溢流通道, 将所述池体的腔体分成水体相对独立的生物 处理区域;
所述进水口距所述底壁的高度高于所述溢流隔墙距所述底壁的高度, 所述溢流隔墙距所述底壁的高度高于所述出水口距所述底壁的高度;
所述每个生物处理区域内设有至少一个纵向通体隔板, 将所述每个生 物处理区域分隔为若干水体单元, 所述每个纵向通体隔板中部设有供污水 流过的过流通道;
所述过流通道的上沿距所述底壁的高度低于所述出水口管底距所述底 壁的高度;
在所述每个纵向通体隔板的两侧均设有生物载体填料, 形成生物载体 填料区域。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的污水处理装置, 其特征在于: 所述生物载体 填料区域由若干填料单元组成; 所述填料单元呈立体矩阵式排列。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的污水处理装置, 其特征在于: 所述生物 载体填料区域将所述过流通道及污水过流断面覆盖; 所述生物载体填料区 域沿水流方向的总长度至少是所述污水处理装置的腔体沿水流方向长度的 50%。
4、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的污水处理装置, 其特征在于: 所述生物 载体填料紧密连接于所述纵向通体隔板。
5、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的污水处理装置, 其特征在于: 所述生物 载体填料区域与所述溢流隔墙之间水体形成缓冲区, 用于缓冲水体的酸碱 度。
6、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的污水处理装置, 其特征在于: 所述生物 载体填料区域与所述池体的底壁形成沉泥区。
7、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的污水处理装置, 其特征在于: 所述每个 纵向通体隔板的上部设有至少一个通气孔, 所述每个通气孔的位置高于所 述过流通道。
8、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的污水处理装置, 其特征在于: 所述每个 溢流隔墙的两侧的顶壁上分别设有至少一个清掏检査口。
9、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的污水处理装置, 其特征在于: 所述每个 溢流隔墙的正上方的顶壁上设有一个清掏检查口。
10、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的污水处理装置, 其特征在于: 所述进 水口连接有进水管, 所述出水口连接有出水管。
11、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的污水处理装置, 其特征在于: 所述池 体的上部设有排气孔, 以排放或收集气体。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的污水处理装置, 其特征在于: 所述排气孔 连接有排气管。
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