WO2007098948A1 - Depolymerisation installation and method for the operation and maintenance thereof - Google Patents

Depolymerisation installation and method for the operation and maintenance thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007098948A1
WO2007098948A1 PCT/EP2007/001770 EP2007001770W WO2007098948A1 WO 2007098948 A1 WO2007098948 A1 WO 2007098948A1 EP 2007001770 W EP2007001770 W EP 2007001770W WO 2007098948 A1 WO2007098948 A1 WO 2007098948A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reactor
scraper
elements
scraping
heating
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2007/001770
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Manfred Sappok
Dieter Wagels
Eberhardt Weiss
Original Assignee
Clyvia Technology Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE200620003430 external-priority patent/DE202006003430U1/en
Priority claimed from PCT/EP2006/001919 external-priority patent/WO2006092306A1/en
Application filed by Clyvia Technology Gmbh filed Critical Clyvia Technology Gmbh
Publication of WO2007098948A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007098948A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/05—Stirrers
    • B01F27/07—Stirrers characterised by their mounting on the shaft
    • B01F27/072—Stirrers characterised by their mounting on the shaft characterised by the disposition of the stirrers with respect to the rotating axis
    • B01F27/0725—Stirrers characterised by their mounting on the shaft characterised by the disposition of the stirrers with respect to the rotating axis on the free end of the rotating axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/05—Stirrers
    • B01F27/09—Stirrers characterised by the mounting of the stirrers with respect to the receptacle
    • B01F27/091—Stirrers characterised by the mounting of the stirrers with respect to the receptacle with elements co-operating with receptacle wall or bottom, e.g. for scraping the receptacle wall
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/05—Stirrers
    • B01F27/11—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
    • B01F27/112—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers with arms, paddles, vanes or blades
    • B01F27/1122—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers with arms, paddles, vanes or blades anchor-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/10—Maintenance of mixers
    • B01F35/12—Maintenance of mixers using mechanical means
    • B01F35/123—Maintenance of mixers using mechanical means using scrapers for cleaning mixers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/10—Maintenance of mixers
    • B01F35/145—Washing or cleaning mixers not provided for in other groups in this subclass; Inhibiting build-up of material on machine parts using other means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0053—Details of the reactor
    • B01J19/0066—Stirrers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/18—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00157—Controlling the temperature by means of a burner
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00761—Details of the reactor
    • B01J2219/00763—Baffles
    • B01J2219/00765—Baffles attached to the reactor wall
    • B01J2219/0077—Baffles attached to the reactor wall inclined
    • B01J2219/00772—Baffles attached to the reactor wall inclined in a helix
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00761—Details of the reactor
    • B01J2219/00763—Baffles
    • B01J2219/00779—Baffles attached to the stirring means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a Depolymerisationsstrom for hydrocarbonaceous raw materials with a stirrer having, externally heated reactor and a method for operating and maintaining the same.
  • the raw materials such as waste, waste or residue materials with or without catalyst application are depolymerized at temperatures between 300 and 450 0 C, ie, the molecules of long-chain hydrocarbon compounds are cleaved.
  • the cleavage products evaporate and are further treated to the final product, eg distilled. Liquid or solid remaining, so-called bottoms, are discharged from the reactor.
  • the internal temperature of the reactor is made uniform with the aid of a stirrer.
  • the reactor wall can be freed of deposits cyclically by scraping element. The maintenance of a certain internal reactor temperature is of great importance for the continuity of the depolymerization process.
  • the reactor together with its heating, preferably separated from a reactor lid, can be separated by lowering it from the distillation column and can be exchanged for a new or overhauled reactor.
  • the invention is therefore based on the idea to set up and hold the distillation column and / or the reactor lid or both stationary, and to raise and lower the reactor and to arrange horizontally movable or pivotable. In this way, any required repair or cleaning measures or a complete reactor replacement can be carried out in a very short time, so that the plant availability is only interrupted for a short time.
  • the reactor can be separated from a heating jacket surrounding its side walls, the separating point preferably being located in the region of the separation point of the reactor lid. If desired, a loosening of the reactor pot from the reactor lid simultaneously leads to a loosening of the heating jacket from the reactor pot. After lowering and retracting the reactor pot out of the lid area, the reactor pot can be lifted out of the heating jacket and immediately afterwards replaced by an exchange reactor pot and the new can be returned to its working position.
  • the preferably internally rotationally symmetrical, in particular convex, wall-shaped, reactor-like, reactor pot can have on its outer wall with flow guide to intensify the thermal contact between the reactor and a fluid cooling or heating the reactor outer wall.
  • a circulating fluid flow can thereby be achieved at least on a partial circumference. surface of the reactor can be effected.
  • Crucible in a heating jacket usable reactors are independent of the features of claim 1, of independent inventive importance.
  • stirring and / or scraping devices are provided within the reactor pot, they are preferably detachably connected to a drive shaft, which is guided by means of a rotary feedthrough through the reactor lid.
  • a drive shaft which is guided by means of a rotary feedthrough through the reactor lid.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a reactor of a Depolymerisationsan- location including the reactor heating as a schematic representation in vertical section through the reactor center.
  • FIG. 2 shows a scraping head in the scraping position for a depolymerization reactor
  • FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of a scraping head in the scraping position
  • Fig. 4 for a reactor according to FIG. 1 is a detail view of the coupling of a scraper head to a rotary shaft and
  • FIG. 5 shows a reactor pot in a perspective view.
  • FIG. 1 shows in the form of a schematic representation (in a central vertical sectional view) an example of a pot-shaped, rotationally symmetric reactor 4 with a stirrer 8 with a plurality of stirrer arms 8A and wing-like mixing elements 8B, which may consist at least partially of ceramic or graphite material.
  • the mixer elements 8B are adapted to the dome-shaped inner contour, ie, the inner wall 4C of the reactor 4, wherein a comparatively small gap distance S can be maintained.
  • the inner contour of the reactor 4 which is preferably heated externally, is constantly freed from caking deposits that form.
  • the mixing of the contents of the reactor prevents overheating of the contents of the reactor near the heat-carrying walls.
  • the outer wall of the reactor 4E forms part of a windbox of a heating system 5.
  • the reactor pot 4G with its circumferential mouth flange 4G ' is placed on a flange 5A' of a box-shaped heating jacket 5A.
  • a perforations having intermediate bottom 5B which is supplied via a flexible line 5C from a mixer 5D with eg 560 ° C hot gas. This is created by mixing the exhaust gases of a gas-heated flame, which is mixed via a blower 5E air, for example, to room temperature (RT).
  • the hot exhaust gases leave the heating jacket via a trigger 5F.
  • the reactor 4 is tightly closed by a reactor lid 4D lying on the mouth bottle 4G '.
  • This lid carries a distillation column 9 and receives the raw material feed 4H. He is kept stationary on a suitable rack.
  • the reaction pot 4G together with the heating mantle 5A can be detached from the reactor lid 4D and, as shown in FIG represented by double arrows A, lowered and subsequently moved out of the position below the reactor cover 4D 1, for example by pivoting (double arrows R).
  • the stirrer or doctoring head to be described can be removed at the same time (FIG. 4).
  • the outlet for residues is correspondingly flexible or detachable connected to a residue line.
  • the outlet consists of a reactor sump 4B, which is provided with a heat-insulated wall 4B 'through the heating jacket or windbox to the outside and intermittently closable with a discharge lock 4J.
  • a decoupling of the rotation shaft 4E of a scraper or mixing head represented in FIGS. 2 and 3 can take place by means of a pluggable rotary drive connection, so that vertical play is permitted during the head (apart from the separability of its drive motor M) the drive motor M with its drive shaft remains stationary on the reactor cover 4D.
  • FIG 2 shows a first embodiment of a scraping head 10D, as it is used as a stirrer in the embodiment of Figure 1.
  • Two approximately quarter-round wings 10B which together form approximately a half-moon shape, serve as scraping elements 10C.
  • the scraper elements 10C can rest on the inner wall 4C of the reactor 4 under the dead weight of the scraping head 10D.
  • the scraping head 10D which also acts as a mixer, is rotated slowly, for example at 5 to 10 revolutions per minute.
  • the reactor walls are kept free from deposits.
  • the scraping head 10D is cleaned by continuous rotation or during interruption of the rotation by a self-cleaning element 10G.
  • the self-cleaning element 10G is connected to a drive element 10H, which is telescopically guided in or on the rotation shaft 10E.
  • a telescoping movement of the drive element 10H is the Doublerei ⁇ n Trentselement 10D moved vertically.
  • his scraping edge is 10G 'on the wings 10B and removed any caking schabend from the direction of rotation front wing surfaces close to or up to the scraping edge of the scraping element 10C approach.
  • This scraping self-cleaning step can also be done by multiple up and down movement.
  • the scraper elements 10C are provided with in cross-section C-shaped profiles, which connect to the lower end of a rotary shaft 10E and each take a driving element 10H leader in itself.
  • a self-cleaning head 10G "is also routed and abutted against the scraper 10C.
  • This self-cleaning head is connected to one end of the associated driver 10A and thereby travels along the scraper edge as the driver 10H moves telescopically with respect to the rotary shaft 10E
  • the figures show various intermediate positions of the self-cleaning head, which in the exemplary embodiment illustrated is approximately U-shaped, with the U-legs not projecting outwardly beyond the scraping edge of the scraper element 10 C. The possibilities of use correspond to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG.
  • the reactor pot 4G is provided on its outer wall 4E with flow guide elements 4F, which promote effective heating or cooling.
  • flow guide elements 4F which promote effective heating or cooling.
  • a circulation flow of the heating air can be achieved.
  • the heating jacket 5A of the heating 5 can be shaped accordingly to further promote this purpose.
  • the flow guide can be adapted to the inner contour of the heating jacket 5A.

Abstract

The invention relates to a depolymerisation installation for raw materials containing hydrocarbon, said installation comprising an externally heated reactor (4) provided with a stirrer (8) and preferably carrying a distillation column (9). The reactor (4), together with the heating (5) thereof and preferably without the cover (4D) thereof, can be lowered and thereby separated from the distillation column and replaced by a new or updated reactor.

Description

Depolymerisationsanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben und Warten derselben Depolymerization plant and method for operating and maintaining the same
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Depolymerisationsanlage für kohlenwasserstoffhaltige Rohmaterialien mit einem einen Rührer aufweisenden, außen beheizten Reaktor sowie ein Verfahren zum Betreiben und Warten derselben.The invention relates to a Depolymerisationsanlage for hydrocarbonaceous raw materials with a stirrer having, externally heated reactor and a method for operating and maintaining the same.
Bei der Depolymerisation von kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Rückständen, insbesondere zur Erzeugung von Dieselöl, werden die Rohmaterialien, wie Alt-, Abfall- oder Rückstandsmaterialien mit oder ohne Katalysatoranwendung bei Temperaturen zwischen 300 und 4500C depolymerisiert, d.h., die Molekühle langkettiger Kohlenwasserstoffverbindungen werden gespalten. Die Spaltprodukte verdampfen und werden zu dem End- produkt weiterbehandelt, z.B. destilliert. Flüssig oder fest verbleibende, so genannte Sumpfprodukte, werden aus dem Reaktor ausgeschleust. Die Reaktorinnentemperatur wird mit Hilfe eines Rührers vergleichmäßigt. Zusätzlich oder alternativ zum Rühren kann die Reaktorwand durch Schabeelement zyklisch von Ablagerungen befreit werden. Die Einhaltung einer bestimmten Reaktorinnentemperatur ist für die Kontinuität des Depolymerisationsprozesses von großer Bedeutung. Lokale Temperaturüberschreitungen, aber auch Änderungen in der Rohmaterialzusammensetzung führen in der Regel zu Ablagerungen oder Anbackungen, insbesondere von Kohlenstoff an den Reaktorinnenwänden und an den Mischerelementen bzw. den Schabeelementen, so dass Prozessstörungen und -Unterbrechungen auftreten und der Reaktor bzw. die Rühr- oder Schabeelemente gereinigt oder ausgetauscht werden müssen.In the depolymerization of hydrocarbonaceous residues, particularly for the production of diesel oil, the raw materials, such as waste, waste or residue materials with or without catalyst application are depolymerized at temperatures between 300 and 450 0 C, ie, the molecules of long-chain hydrocarbon compounds are cleaved. The cleavage products evaporate and are further treated to the final product, eg distilled. Liquid or solid remaining, so-called bottoms, are discharged from the reactor. The internal temperature of the reactor is made uniform with the aid of a stirrer. In addition or as an alternative to stirring, the reactor wall can be freed of deposits cyclically by scraping element. The maintenance of a certain internal reactor temperature is of great importance for the continuity of the depolymerization process. Local temperature overshoots, as well as changes in raw material composition usually result to deposits or caking, in particular of carbon on the reactor inner walls and on the mixer elements or the scraping elements, so that process disturbances and interruptions occur and the reactor or the stirring or scraping elements must be cleaned or replaced.
Um die Verfügbarkeit gattungsgemäßer Depolymerisationsanlagen zu verbessern, wird erfindungsgemäß eine Depolymerisationsanlage mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 vorgeschlagen. Demgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass der Reaktor samt seiner Beheizung, vorzugsweise getrennt von einem Reaktordeckel, durch Absenken von der Destillati- onskolonne trennbar und gegen einen neuen oder überholten Reaktor austauschbar ist. Die Erfindung basiert demnach auf dem Grundgedanken, die Destillationskolonne und/oder den Reaktordeckel bzw. beide stationär aufzustellen und zu halten, und den Reaktor heb- und senkbar sowie horizontal verfahrbar bzw. verschwenkbar anzuordnen. Auf diese Weise können etwa erforderliche Reparatur- oder Reinigungsmaßnah- men oder ein völliger Reaktoraustausch in kürzester Zeit erfolgen, so dass die Anlagenverfügbarkeit nur kurzzeitig unterbrochen wird. Der weiteren Förderung dieses Zieles dienen auch die folgenden Maßnahmen: Der Reaktor kann von einem seine Seitenwände umgebenden Heizmantel getrennt werden, wobei die Trennstelle vorzugsweise im Bereich der Trennstelle vom Reaktordeckel liegt. Gewünschtenfalls führt ein Lösen des Reaktortopfes vom Reaktordeckel gleichzeitig zu einem Lösen des Heizmantels vom Reaktortopf. Nach dem Absenken und Herausfahren des Reaktortopfes aus dem Deckelbereich heraus, kann der Reaktortopf aus dem Heizmantel herausgehoben werden und unmittelbar danach durch einen Austausch-Reaktortopf ersetzt und der Neue wieder in seine Arbeitsposition zurückgeführt werden.In order to improve the availability of generic Depolymerisationsanlagen, a Depolymerisationsanlage with the features of claim 1 is proposed according to the invention. Accordingly, it is provided that the reactor, together with its heating, preferably separated from a reactor lid, can be separated by lowering it from the distillation column and can be exchanged for a new or overhauled reactor. The invention is therefore based on the idea to set up and hold the distillation column and / or the reactor lid or both stationary, and to raise and lower the reactor and to arrange horizontally movable or pivotable. In this way, any required repair or cleaning measures or a complete reactor replacement can be carried out in a very short time, so that the plant availability is only interrupted for a short time. The following measures also serve to further promote this goal: The reactor can be separated from a heating jacket surrounding its side walls, the separating point preferably being located in the region of the separation point of the reactor lid. If desired, a loosening of the reactor pot from the reactor lid simultaneously leads to a loosening of the heating jacket from the reactor pot. After lowering and retracting the reactor pot out of the lid area, the reactor pot can be lifted out of the heating jacket and immediately afterwards replaced by an exchange reactor pot and the new can be returned to its working position.
Der vorzugsweise innen rotationssymmetrische, insbesondere mit balliger Wandung ausgeführte, also tiegelartige, Reaktortopf kann an seiner Außenwand mit Strömungsleitelementen zum Intensivieren des Wärmekontaktes zwischen dem Reaktor und einem die Reaktoraußenwand kühlenden oder aufheizenden Fluid aufweisen. Insbeson- dere kann dadurch eine zirkulierende Fluidströmung zumindest auf einer Teilumfangs- fläche des Reaktors bewirkt werden. Tiegelartig in einem Heizmantel einsetzbare Reaktoren sind, auch unabhängig von den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 , von eigenständig erfinderischer Bedeutung.The preferably internally rotationally symmetrical, in particular convex, wall-shaped, reactor-like, reactor pot can have on its outer wall with flow guide to intensify the thermal contact between the reactor and a fluid cooling or heating the reactor outer wall. In particular, a circulating fluid flow can thereby be achieved at least on a partial circumference. surface of the reactor can be effected. Crucible in a heating jacket usable reactors are independent of the features of claim 1, of independent inventive importance.
Falls, wie bevorzugt, Rühr- und/oder Schabeeinrichtungen innerhalb des Reaktortopfes vorgesehen sind, sind diese bevorzugt lösbar mit einer Antriebswelle verbunden, die mittels einer Drehdurchführung durch den Reaktordeckel geführt ist. Durch eine derartige Trennstelle wird eine geringe Bauhöhe erreicht, da das Senken und Anheben des Reaktortopfes samt des Heizmantels nur über eine vergleichsweise kurze Wegstrecke erfolgen muss. Im Bedarfsfalle wird die Rühr- und/oder Schabeeinrichtung im Sinne einer Zentrierung innerhalb des Reaktors stabilisiert.If, as preferred, stirring and / or scraping devices are provided within the reactor pot, they are preferably detachably connected to a drive shaft, which is guided by means of a rotary feedthrough through the reactor lid. By such a separation point a low height is achieved because the lowering and raising of the reactor pot including the heating jacket must be made only over a relatively short distance. If necessary, the stirring and / or scraping device is stabilized in the sense of centering within the reactor.
Die vorgenannten sowie die beanspruchten und in den Ausführungsbeispielen beschriebenen erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Bauteile unterliegen in ihrer Größe, Formgestaltung, Materialauswahl und technischen Konzeption keinen besonderen Ausnahmebedingungen, so dass die in dem Anwendungsgebiet bekannten Auswahlkriterien uneingeschränkt Anwendung finden könnenThe above-mentioned and the claimed components to be used according to the invention described in the exemplary embodiments are not subject to special conditions of size, shape, material selection and technical design, so that the selection criteria known in the field of application can be used without restriction
Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale und Vorteile des Gegenstandes der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, sowie aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung der zugehörigen Zeichnung und Tabelle, in der - beispielhaft - ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer De- polymerisationsanlage dargestellt ist.Further details, features and advantages of the subject matter of the invention will become apparent from the subclaims, as well as from the following description of the accompanying drawings and table, in which - by way of example - an embodiment of a polymerisation system is shown.
In der Zeichnung zeigenIn the drawing show
Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Reaktors einer Depolymerisationsan- lage einschließlich der Reaktorbeheizung als Prinzipdarstellung im Vertikalschnitt durch die Reaktormitte;1 shows a schematic representation of a reactor of a Depolymerisationsan- location including the reactor heating as a schematic representation in vertical section through the reactor center.
Fig. 2 für einen Depolymerisationsreaktor einen Schabekopf in Schabestellung; Fig. 3 eine alternative Ausführungsform eines Schabekopfes in Schabestellung;FIG. 2 shows a scraping head in the scraping position for a depolymerization reactor; FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of a scraping head in the scraping position;
Fig. 4 für einen Reaktor entsprechend Fig. 1 eine Detailansicht der Ankopplung eines Schabekopfes an einen Rotationsschaft sowieFig. 4 for a reactor according to FIG. 1 is a detail view of the coupling of a scraper head to a rotary shaft and
Fig. 5 einen Reaktortopf in perspektivischer Darstellung.5 shows a reactor pot in a perspective view.
Fig. 1 zeigt in Form einer Prinzipdarstellung (in zentraler Vertikalschnittdarstellung) bei- spielhaft einen topfförmigen, rotationssymmetrischen Reaktor 4 mit einem Rührer 8 mit mehreren Rührerarmen 8A und flügelartigen Mischelementen 8B, die zumindest teilweise aus Keramik oder Graphitwerkstoff bestehen können. Die Mischerelemente 8B sind an die kalottenförmig Innenkontur, d.h. die Innenwand 4C des Reaktors 4 angepasst, wobei ein vergleichsweise geringer Abstandsspalt S eingehalten werden kann. Dadurch wird die Innenkontur des vorzugsweise außen beheizten Reaktors 4 ständig von sich bildenden Anbackungsansätzen befreit. Außerdem werden durch die Durchmischung des Reaktorinhaltes Überhitzungen des Reaktorinhaltes nahe der wärmezuführenden Wände vermieden. In dem Ausführungsbeispiel bildet die Reaktoraussenwand 4E Teil eines Windkastens einer Beheizung 5. Zu diesem Zweck ist der Reaktortopf 4G mit sei- nem umlaufenden Mündungsflansch 4G' auf einem Flansch 5A' eines kastenförmigen Heizmantels 5A aufgesetzt. Innerhalb des Heizmantels 5A befindet sich ein Durchbrechungen aufweisender Zwischenboden 5B, der über eine flexible Leitung 5C aus einem Mischer 5D mit z.B. 560° C heißem Gas versorgt wird. Dieses entsteht durch Mischen der Abgase einer mit Gas beheizten Flamme, dem über ein Gebläse 5E Luft, z.B. auf Raumtemperatur (RT) zugemischt wird. Die heißen Abgase verlassen den Heizmantel über einen Abzug 5F. Der Reaktor 4 wird durch einen auf dem Mündungsflasch 4G' aufliegenden Reaktordeckel 4D dicht verschlossen. Dieser Deckel trägt eine Destillationskolonne 9 und nimmt die Rohmaterialeinspeisung 4H auf. Er wird stationär an einem geeignetem Gestell gehalten. Für Reinigungszwecke und dergleichen kann der Reak- tortopf 4G samt des Heizmantels 5A von dem Reaktordeckel 4D gelöst werden und, wie durch Doppelpfeile A dargestellt, abgesenkt und nachfolgend aus der Position unterhalb des Reaktordeckels 4D1 z.B. durch Verschwenken (Doppelpfeile R), herausbewegt werden. Dabei kann der noch zu beschreibende Rührer- oder Schabekopf gleichzeitig mit entfernt werden (Fig.4). Der Auslass für Reststoffe ist entsprechend flexibel oder abkoppelbar mit einer Reststoffleitung verbunden. In dem Ausführungsbeispiel besteht der Auslass aus einem Reaktorsumpf 4B, der mit einer wärmeisolierten Wandung 4B' versehen durch den Heizmantel bzw. Windkasten nach außen geführt und mit einer Austragsschleuse 4J intermittierend verschließbar ist.FIG. 1 shows in the form of a schematic representation (in a central vertical sectional view) an example of a pot-shaped, rotationally symmetric reactor 4 with a stirrer 8 with a plurality of stirrer arms 8A and wing-like mixing elements 8B, which may consist at least partially of ceramic or graphite material. The mixer elements 8B are adapted to the dome-shaped inner contour, ie, the inner wall 4C of the reactor 4, wherein a comparatively small gap distance S can be maintained. As a result, the inner contour of the reactor 4, which is preferably heated externally, is constantly freed from caking deposits that form. In addition, the mixing of the contents of the reactor prevents overheating of the contents of the reactor near the heat-carrying walls. In the exemplary embodiment, the outer wall of the reactor 4E forms part of a windbox of a heating system 5. For this purpose, the reactor pot 4G with its circumferential mouth flange 4G 'is placed on a flange 5A' of a box-shaped heating jacket 5A. Within the heating jacket 5A there is a perforations having intermediate bottom 5B, which is supplied via a flexible line 5C from a mixer 5D with eg 560 ° C hot gas. This is created by mixing the exhaust gases of a gas-heated flame, which is mixed via a blower 5E air, for example, to room temperature (RT). The hot exhaust gases leave the heating jacket via a trigger 5F. The reactor 4 is tightly closed by a reactor lid 4D lying on the mouth bottle 4G '. This lid carries a distillation column 9 and receives the raw material feed 4H. He is kept stationary on a suitable rack. For cleaning purposes and the like, the reaction pot 4G together with the heating mantle 5A can be detached from the reactor lid 4D and, as shown in FIG represented by double arrows A, lowered and subsequently moved out of the position below the reactor cover 4D 1, for example by pivoting (double arrows R). At the same time, the stirrer or doctoring head to be described can be removed at the same time (FIG. 4). The outlet for residues is correspondingly flexible or detachable connected to a residue line. In the exemplary embodiment, the outlet consists of a reactor sump 4B, which is provided with a heat-insulated wall 4B 'through the heating jacket or windbox to the outside and intermittently closable with a discharge lock 4J.
Wie aus Figur 4 ersichtlich ist, kann eine Entkopplung des Rotationsschaftes 4E eines in Figuren 2 und 3 darstellten Schabe- oder Mischkopfes durch eine steckbare Drehantriebsverbindung erfolgen, so dass (außer der Trennbarkeit von seinem Antriebsmotor M) dem Kopf ein vertikales Spiel gestattet wird, während der Antriebsmotor M mit seiner Antriebswelle ortsfest auf dem Reaktordeckel 4D verbleibt.As can be seen from FIG. 4, a decoupling of the rotation shaft 4E of a scraper or mixing head represented in FIGS. 2 and 3 can take place by means of a pluggable rotary drive connection, so that vertical play is permitted during the head (apart from the separability of its drive motor M) the drive motor M with its drive shaft remains stationary on the reactor cover 4D.
Figur 2 zeigt eine erste Ausführungsform eines Schabekopfes 10D, wie er als Rührer in dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 1 verwendbar ist. Zwei etwa viertelkreisige und gemeinsam etwa eine Halbmondform bildende Flügel 10B dienen als Schabeelemente 10C. Die Schabeelemente 10C können an der Innenwand 4C des Reaktors 4 unter dem Eigengewicht des Schabekopfes 10D anliegen. Während des Depolymerisationspro- zesses wird der auch als Mischer wirkende Schabekopf 10D langsam, z.B. mit 5 bis 10 Umdrehungen pro Minute rotiert. Dabei werden die Reaktorwände von Ablagerungen freigehalten. Nach einer gewissen Betriebsdauer, die durch Erfahrung oder Messung ermittelt werden kann, wird der Schabekopf 10D unter fortlaufendem Rotieren oder während einer Unterbrechung der Rotationsbewegung durch ein Selbstreinigungselement 10G gereinigt. Das Selbstreinigungselement 10G ist mit einem Antriebselement 10H verbunden, welches teleskopierbar in oder an dem Rotationsschaft 10E geführt ist. Durch eine teleskopierende Bewegung des Antriebselementes 10H wird das Selbstrei¬ nigungselement 10D vertikal verschoben. Dabei liegt seine Schabekante 10G' an den Flügeln 10B an und entfernt etwaige Anbackungen schabend von den in Drehrichtung frontseitigen Flügelflächen bis nahe der oder bis an die Schabekante des Schabeelementes 10C heran. Dieser schabende Selbstreinigungsschritt kann auch durch mehrfache Auf- und Abbewegung erfolgen. - Alternativ ist es auch möglich, für die Selbstreinigung die Relativbewegung zwischen Selbstreinigungselement und Schabeelement so auszuführen, dass das Selbstreinigungselement in seiner ursprünglichen Position verbleibt und das Schabeelement um einen geeigneten Betrag hochgezogen und danach wieder angesenkt wird.Figure 2 shows a first embodiment of a scraping head 10D, as it is used as a stirrer in the embodiment of Figure 1. Two approximately quarter-round wings 10B, which together form approximately a half-moon shape, serve as scraping elements 10C. The scraper elements 10C can rest on the inner wall 4C of the reactor 4 under the dead weight of the scraping head 10D. During the depolymerization process, the scraping head 10D, which also acts as a mixer, is rotated slowly, for example at 5 to 10 revolutions per minute. The reactor walls are kept free from deposits. After a certain period of operation, which can be determined by experience or measurement, the scraping head 10D is cleaned by continuous rotation or during interruption of the rotation by a self-cleaning element 10G. The self-cleaning element 10G is connected to a drive element 10H, which is telescopically guided in or on the rotation shaft 10E. By a telescoping movement of the drive element 10H is the Selbstrei ¬ nigungselement 10D moved vertically. In this case, his scraping edge is 10G 'on the wings 10B and removed any caking schabend from the direction of rotation front wing surfaces close to or up to the scraping edge of the scraping element 10C approach. This scraping self-cleaning step can also be done by multiple up and down movement. - Alternatively, it is also possible to perform for self-cleaning, the relative movement between self-cleaning element and cocking element so that the self-cleaning element remains in its original position and the cocking element is pulled up by a suitable amount and then lowered again.
Bei dem in Figur 3 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Schabeelemente 10C mit im Querschnitt C-förmigen Profilen versehen, die sich an das untere Ende eines Rotationsschaftes 10E anschließen und je ein Antriebselement 10H in sich führend aufnehmen. Ein Selbstreinigungskopf 10G" ist ebenfalls entlang des Schabeelementes 10C führbar und in gegenseitiger Anlage an diesem angeordnet. Dieser Selbstreinigungskopf ist mit einem Ende des zugehörigem Antriebselementes 10A verbunden und wird dadurch entlang der Schabekante verfahren, wenn das Antriebselement 10H telesko- pierend bezüglich des Rotationsschaftes 10E bewegt wird. Die Figuren zeigen verschiedene Zwischenpositionen des Selbstreinigungskopfes. Dieser weißt in dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel etwa eine U-Form auf, wobei die U-Schenkel über die Schabekante des Schabeelementes 10C nach außen nicht vorstehen. Die Verwen- dungsmöglichkeiten entsprechen dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 2.In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, the scraper elements 10C are provided with in cross-section C-shaped profiles, which connect to the lower end of a rotary shaft 10E and each take a driving element 10H leader in itself. A self-cleaning head 10G "is also routed and abutted against the scraper 10C. This self-cleaning head is connected to one end of the associated driver 10A and thereby travels along the scraper edge as the driver 10H moves telescopically with respect to the rotary shaft 10E The figures show various intermediate positions of the self-cleaning head, which in the exemplary embodiment illustrated is approximately U-shaped, with the U-legs not projecting outwardly beyond the scraping edge of the scraper element 10 C. The possibilities of use correspond to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG.
Aus Figur 5 ist ersichtlich, dass der Reaktortopf 4G an seiner Außenwand 4E mit Strömungsleitelementen 4F versehen ist, die ein wirkungsvolles Beheizen oder Kühlen fördern. Insbesondere kann eine Zirkulationsströmung der Heizluft erreicht werden. Der Heizmantel 5A der Beheizung 5 kann zur weiteren Förderung dieses Zweckes entsprechend geformt sein. Ebenso können die Strömungsleitelemente an die Innenkontur des Heizmantels 5A angepasst sein. Durch eine feste Verbindung der Strrömungsleitele- mente mit der Reaktoraußenwand, ist ein besonders rascher Austausch des Reaktortopfes möglich, da dieser auf einfache Weise von dem Heizmantel trennbar ist. Bezugszeichenliste:From Figure 5 it can be seen that the reactor pot 4G is provided on its outer wall 4E with flow guide elements 4F, which promote effective heating or cooling. In particular, a circulation flow of the heating air can be achieved. The heating jacket 5A of the heating 5 can be shaped accordingly to further promote this purpose. Likewise, the flow guide can be adapted to the inner contour of the heating jacket 5A. By a fixed connection of the flow directing elements with the outer wall of the reactor, a particularly rapid exchange of the reactor pot is possible because it can be separated from the heating jacket in a simple manner. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1 Rohmaterial 6 Produkt1 raw material 6 product
2 Vorwärmstufe 7 Reststoff2 preheating stage 7 residue
2A Entspannungsstufe 8 Rührer2A flash stage 8 stirrer
3 Einspritzung 30 8A Arme3 injection 30 8A arms
4 Reaktor 8B Mischerelemente4 reactor 8B mixing elements
4A Gasraum 9 Destillationskolonne4A gas space 9 distillation column
4B Sumpf 10 Schabeeinrichtung4B sump 10 cocking device
4B' Wandung 10A Arme4B 'wall 10A arms
4C Innenwand 35 10B Flügel4C inner wall 35 10B wings
4D Reaktordeckel 10C Schabeelemente4D reactor cover 10C scraping elements
4E Außenwand 10D Schabekopf4E outer wall 10D scraping head
4F Strömungsleitelemente 10E Rotationsschaft4F flow guide elements 10E rotation shaft
4G Reaktortopf 10F Aufnahme4G reactor pot 10F recording
4G1 Mündungsflansch 40 10G Selbstreinigungselement4G 1 mouth flange 40 10G self-cleaning element
4H Rohmaterialeinspeisung 10G1 Schabekante4H raw material feed 10G 1 scraping edge
4J Austragsschleuse 10G" Selbstreinigungskopf4J discharge lock 10G "self-cleaning head
5 Beheizung 10H Antriebselement5 heating 10H drive element
5A Heizmantel 12 Verschleißerfassungseinrichtung5A heating jacket 12 wear detection device
5A' Flansch 45 12A Trennschicht5A 'flange 45 12A separation layer
5B Zwischenboden5B intermediate floor
5C Leitung A Doppelpfeile5C line A double arrows
5D Mischer S Abstandsspalt5D mixer S gap gap
5E Gebläse M Motor5E blower M engine
5F Abzug 50 R Doppelpfeile 5F trigger 50 R double arrows

Claims

Ansprüche: Claims:
1. Depolymerisationsanlage für kohlenwasserstoffhaltige Rohmaterialien mit einem einen Rührer (8) aufweisenden, außen beheizten, vorzugsweise eine Destillati- onskolonne (9) tragenden, Reaktor (4), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Reaktor (4) samt seiner Beheizung (5) vorzugsweise getrennt von einem Reaktordeckel (4D), durch Absenken von der Destillationskolonne (9) trennbar und gegen einen neuen oder überholten Reaktor austauschbar ist.1. depolymerization plant for hydrocarbonaceous raw materials with a stirrer (8) having, externally heated, preferably a Destillati- Onskolonne (9) carrying reactor (4), characterized in that the reactor (4) together with its heating (5) preferably separated from a reactor lid (4D), separable by lowering from the distillation column (9) and exchangeable with a new or overhauled reactor.
2. Depolymerisationsanlage für kohlenwasserstoffhaltige Rohmaterialien mit einem außen beheizten Reaktor (4), insbesondere nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Reaktor (4) tiegelartig in einen Heizmantel (5A) einsetzbar ist.2. Depolymerization plant for hydrocarbonaceous raw materials with an externally heated reactor (4), in particular according to claim 1, characterized in that the reactor (4) is like a crucible in a heating jacket (5A) can be used.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Reaktor (4) an seiner Außenwand (4E) Strömungsleitelemente (4F) zum Intensivieren des3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the reactor (4) on its outer wall (4E) flow guide elements (4F) for intensifying the
Wärmekontaktes zwischen dem Reaktor (4) und einem die Reaktoraußenwand (4E) kühlenden oder aufheizenden Fluid aufweist.Thermal contact between the reactor (4) and a reactor outer wall (4E) cooling or heating fluid has.
4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Strömungsleit- elemente (4F) eine zirkulierende Fluidströmung zumindest auf einer Teilfläche des Reaktors (4) bewirken.4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the Strömungsleit- elements (4F) cause a circulating fluid flow at least on a partial surface of the reactor (4).
5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Reaktor (4) eine rotationssymmetrische Innenkontur aufweist.5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the reactor (4) has a rotationally symmetrical inner contour.
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Reaktor (4) eine etwa ballige Innenkontur aufweist. 6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the reactor (4) has an approximately convex inner contour.
7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mischerelemente (8B) oder Schabeelemente (10C) des Rührers (8) der Innenwandkontur des Reaktors (4) im Wesentlichen nachgebildet sind.7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that mixer elements (8B) or scraping elements (10C) of the stirrer (8) of the inner wall contour of the reactor (4) are substantially modeled.
8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, gekennzeichnet durch einen Schabekopf (10D), der aus einem Rotationsschaft (10E) und mindestens zwei Flügeln, welche die Schabeelemente (10C) aufweisen, besteht.8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized by a scraper head (10D), which consists of a rotary shaft (10E) and at least two wings, which have the scraper elements (10C) consists.
9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schabekopf (10D) mit seinem Eigengewicht und/oder mittels einer über den Rotationsschaft9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the scraping head (10D) with its own weight and / or by means of a rotary shaft over the
(10E) aufrecht erhaltenen Druckkraft an der Innenwand (4C) des Reaktors (4) anliegt.(10E) is maintained at the inner wall (4C) of the reactor (4) in an upright manner.
10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rotationsschaft (10E) eine, insbesondere steckbare, Drehantriebsverbindung aufweist, die mit zunehmendem Verschleiß der Schabeelemente (10C) eine Bewegung des Schabekopfes (10D) zum Ausgleich des Verschleißspiels gestattet.10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the rotary shaft (10E) has a, in particular pluggable, rotary drive connection, which allows with increasing wear of the scraper elements (10C) movement of the scraper head (10D) to compensate for the wear clearance.
11. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Flügel des Schabekopfes (10D) eine Aufnahme für ein als Verschleißteil ausgebildetes Schabeelement (10C) aufweisen.11. Device according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the wings of the scraping head (10D) have a receptacle for a scraper element designed as a wear part (10C).
12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11 , gekennzeichnet durch eine Trennschicht (12A) zur Kontaktvermeidung zwischen der Aufnahme (10F) und dem Schabeelement (10C) an den Flügeln.12. The device according to claim 11, characterized by a separating layer (12A) for avoiding contact between the receptacle (10F) and the scraping element (10C) on the wings.
13. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 12, gekennzeichnet durch eine Verschleißerfassungseinrichtung (12) für die Schabeelemente (10C). 13. Device according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterized by a wear detection device (12) for the scraper elements (10C).
14. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13, gekennzeichnet durch eine elektrische Schaltung, die eine elektrisch leitende Überbrückung zwischen einem Schabeelement (10C) und einer Aufnahme oder Befestigung des Schabeelementes (10C) als Signal für einen fortgeschrittenen Verschleiß des Schabeelementes 10C erfasst.14. The device according to claim 13, characterized by an electrical circuit which detects an electrically conductive bridging between a scraper element (10C) and a receptacle or attachment of the scraper element (10C) as a signal for advanced wear of the scraper element 10C.
15. Verfahren zum Betreiben und Warten einer Depolymerisationsanlage, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein außen beheizbarer Depolymerisationsreaktor samt seiner Beheizung (5) vorzugsweise getrennt von einem Reaktordeckel (4D), durch Absenken von der Destillationskolonne (9) getrennt und gegen einen neu- en oder überholten Reaktor ausgetauscht wird. 15. A method for operating and maintaining a Depolymerisationsanlage, characterized in that an externally heatable depolymerization reactor together with its heating (5) preferably separated from a reactor cover (4D), separated by lowering of the distillation column (9) and against a new or obsolete Reactor is replaced.
PCT/EP2007/001770 2006-03-02 2007-03-01 Depolymerisation installation and method for the operation and maintenance thereof WO2007098948A1 (en)

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EPPCT/EP2006/001919 2006-03-02
DE200620003430 DE202006003430U1 (en) 2006-03-02 2006-03-02 Depolymerisation device for polymerizing raw materials containing hydrocarbons, such as residues, comprises agitator, reactor including a reactor cover, distillation column that is separable/exchangeable against new- or outdated reactor
DE202006003430.7 2006-03-02
PCT/EP2006/001919 WO2006092306A1 (en) 2005-03-02 2006-03-02 Method for depolymerising residues containing hydrocarbons and device for carrying out said method

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