WO2007091371A1

WO2007091371A1 - Dc power storage device

Info

Publication number: WO2007091371A1
Application number: PCT/JP2006/324707
Authority: WO
Inventors: Tadashi Uemura
Original assignee: Meidensha Corporation
Priority date: 2006-02-10
Filing date: 2006-12-12
Publication date: 2007-08-16
Also published as: KR20080072068A; TW200737643A; MY151762A; KR100991460B1; JP2007210513A; TWI331431B; CN101365606B; JP4572840B2; CN101365606A

Abstract

Intended is to suppress the voltage drop of a line wire, to absorb the regenerative power of an electric car and to prevent the regenerative invalidness of the electric car, without inviting the upsizing and high cost of a DC power storage device. The terminal voltage (or the standby voltage) of an electric double-layer capacitor EDLC is set close to the upper-limit voltage of the rated voltage range of the line wire at the no-load time and the ordinary load time of a feeding line system. When the line wire voltage exceeds the upper-limit voltage of the rated voltage range, the regenerative power is absorbed by the electric double-layer capacitor, and, in parallel with this, the terminal voltage of the electric double-layer capacitor is prevented (i.e., the regenerative invalidness prevention) from exceeding its maximum by a regenerative current throttling action of the electric car. When the line wire voltage is lower than the lower-limit voltage of the rated voltage range, the line wire voltage is so held (i.e., the voltage drop suppression) as not to become lower than the lower limit of the rated voltage range by the discharge power from the electric double-layer capacitor due to the voltage lowering and boosting actions of a voltage lowering and boosting chopper.

Description

明細書 Specification

直流電力貯蔵装置 DC power storage device

技術分野 Technical field

[0001] 本発明は、直流電気鉄道の外線に並列に接続され、電気車のカ行運転時に電力を供給および回生運転時の電力を吸収する直流電力貯蔵装置に係り、特に外線の電圧降下対策、電気車の回生電力吸収対策および電気車の回生失効防止対策のための電力貯蔵媒体の充放電制御方式に関する。 TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a DC power storage device that is connected in parallel to an outside line of a DC electric railway and supplies electric power during electric vehicle operation and absorbs electric power during regenerative operation, and in particular, measures against voltage drop on the outside line The present invention also relates to a charge / discharge control method for a power storage medium for regenerative power absorption measures for electric vehicles and regenerative invalidation prevention measures for electric vehicles.

背景技術 Background art

[0002] 直流き電系統において、閑散線区の変電所は、その間隔が比較的長い距離を有して設備される。このため、変電所力も遠隔した地点に位置する電気車では、その起動時など、大きな電流が流れるときに外線の電圧降下が大きくなり、パンタ点の電圧が規定値よりも低くなつてしまうことが予測される。この電圧降下を補償するため、電源送り出し変電所 (DCVR)を設置したり、電気車側でノッチ抑制を行ってヽる。 [0002] In a DC feeder system, substations in a quiet line area are installed with a relatively long distance. For this reason, in an electric vehicle located at a location where the substation power is also remote, the voltage drop at the outside line increases when a large current flows, such as when it is started, and the voltage at the punter point may become lower than the specified value. is expected. In order to compensate for this voltage drop, a power transmission substation (DCVR) is installed, or notch suppression is performed on the electric vehicle side.

[0003] また、閑散線区では、電気車が回生運転状態にあるときに、この回生エネルギーを他の電気車でカ行電力として吸収する機会が少ないため、電気車側で回生失効 (電気制動不能)となり易い。また、閑散地区でなくとも、電気車が回生運転状態のときに他の電気車がカ行状態を終了した場合には、負荷の急激な減少による回生失効が起こる。 [0003] Also, in the secluded line area, when the electric vehicle is in a regenerative operation state, there is little opportunity to absorb this regenerative energy as power by other electric vehicles. It is easy to become a brake impossible). Even if the electric vehicle is in a regenerative operation state, even if it is not in a quiet area, regenerative invalidation due to a rapid decrease in load will occur if another electric vehicle exits the cab state.

[0004] この回生失効では、電気車側は回生動作を中止し、電気ブレーキ力機械ブレーキに制動切り替えを行うが、切り替え操作の移行時間による制動遅れが生じる。この制動遅れにより、電気車の定点停止の失敗、機械ブレーキを急制動することで、車輪とブレーキシュ一の磨耗増による寿命短縮などの問題が残る。この回生失効防止のための回生電力吸収対策としては以下の方式のものがある。 [0004] In this regeneration invalidation, the electric vehicle side stops the regenerative operation and switches the braking to the electric brake force mechanical brake, but a braking delay occurs due to the transition time of the switching operation. Due to this braking delay, problems such as failure to stop the electric vehicle at a fixed point and shortening the service life due to increased wear of the wheel and brake shoe remain due to sudden braking of the mechanical brake. The following methods are available as measures for absorbing regenerative power to prevent regenerative expiration.

[0005] ( 1)インバータ装置による交流電源への電力回生方式 [0005] (1) Power regeneration method for AC power supply by inverter device

図 4の（a)に示すように、電気車 1が回生する直流電力を、外線側を直流電源とするインバータ装置 2とインバータ用変圧器 3によって電圧と周波数を制御した交流電力に変換し、交流電源側に回生する。 [0006] この方式の場合、回生電力を吸収する交流負荷が必要であること、及び変圧器、交流遮断器、インバータ装置、直流遮断器等が必要であり、装置全体が高コストになる。 As shown in Fig. 4 (a), the DC power regenerated by the electric vehicle 1 is converted into AC power with the voltage and frequency controlled by the inverter device 2 and the inverter transformer 3 with the outside line as the DC power source. Regenerate to AC power source side. [0006] In the case of this method, an AC load that absorbs regenerative power is required, and a transformer, an AC circuit breaker, an inverter device, a DC circuit breaker, and the like are necessary, and the entire device becomes expensive.

[0007] (2)チヨツバによる回生抵抗装置への電力回生方式 [0007] (2) Power regeneration system for regenerative resistor device by chiyotsuba

図 4の (b)に示すように、電気車 1が回生する直流電力を、チヨッパ装置 4によって電圧制御した直流電力に変換し、これを回生抵抗装置 5で熱として吸収させる。 As shown in FIG. 4B, the DC power regenerated by the electric vehicle 1 is converted into DC power that is voltage-controlled by the chopper device 4 and absorbed by the regenerative resistance device 5 as heat.

[0008] この方式の場合、回生電力の全てを抵抗装置によって熱吸収させるため、回生電力は有効利用されないことや、大型の抵抗装置が必要になる。また、抵抗装置に発生する熱量の放散処理のための換気設備や放熱設備が必要であり、チヨツバ等を含めると比較的高価な設備になる。 [0008] In the case of this method, since all the regenerative power is absorbed by the resistance device, the regenerative power is not effectively used, and a large resistance device is required. In addition, ventilation equipment and heat radiation equipment for dissipating heat generated in the resistance device are necessary.

[0009] (3)直流電力貯蔵装置を利用した電力回生方式 [0009] (3) Power regeneration method using DC power storage device

図 4の (c)に示すように、整流器 6の直流側に、昇降圧チヨツバ 7と直流電力蓄積装置 8からなる直流電力貯蔵装置を設備し、電気車 1の回生運転によって外線電圧がその定格電圧範囲の上限を超えた場合は、チヨツバ 7により外線電圧を降圧制御し、外線力チヨツバ 7を通して直流電力蓄積装置 8の充電電流として回生電力を吸収させる（例えば、特許文献 1、特許文献 2参照)。 As shown in Fig. 4 (c), the DC side of rectifier 6 is equipped with a DC power storage device consisting of step-up / down booster 7 and DC power storage device 8, and the external line voltage is reduced by regenerative operation of electric vehicle 1. When the upper limit of the rated voltage range is exceeded, step-down control of the external line voltage is performed by the chiba 7 and the regenerative power is absorbed as the charging current of the DC power storage device 8 through the external line force chiba 7 (for example, Patent Document 1, Patent Document) 2).

[0010] この方式は、電気車のカ行運転によって外線の定格電圧範囲の下限を下回った場合は、チヨツバ 7により外線電圧を昇圧制御し、直流電力蓄積装置 8からチヨツバ 7を通して外線側に電力供給を行うことで電圧降下対策にも利用できる。また、交流電源側からみた負荷の平準化を図ることもできる。 [0010] In this method, when the electric vehicle runs below the lower limit of the rated voltage range of the outside line, the outside line voltage is boosted and controlled from the DC power storage device 8 to the outside line through the DC 7 By supplying power to the side, it can also be used for voltage drop countermeasures. It is also possible to level the load from the AC power supply side.

[0011] 図 5は、直流電力貯蔵装置の主回路構成を示す。昇降圧チヨツバ 7は、外線から流れ込む充電電流を制御できる向きに一端を外線に接続した半導体スィッチ SW1および該半導体スィッチ SW1と逆並列接続したダイオード D1からなる高圧側アームと、前記半導体スィッチ SW1と電流を制御できる向きが同じで且つ半導体スィッチ SW1 の他端と直列接続した半導体スィッチ SW2および該半導体スィッチ SW2と逆並列接続したダイオード D2からなる低圧側アームと、前記半導体スィッチ SW1の他端に一端を接続して他端を電気二重層キャパシタ EDLCに接続したリアタトル Lとからなる [0012] この構成において、図 6に示すように、電気車 1の回生動作で外線電圧が定格電圧範囲の上限を超えたときに、昇降圧チヨツバにより外線電圧を降圧する制御を行う。すなわち、スィッチ SW1をスイッチング動作させ、そのオン期間には外線から SW1→ Lを通して EDLCに充電電流を流し、そのオフ期間にはリアタトル Lから EDLC→D2 を通した循環電流で EDLCに充電電流を流し、回生電力を EDLCの充電電力として回生する。 FIG. 5 shows a main circuit configuration of the DC power storage device. The step-up / down booster 7 includes a semiconductor switch SW1 having one end connected to the outer line in a direction in which the charging current flowing from the outer line can be controlled, and a high-voltage side arm composed of the diode D1 connected in reverse parallel to the semiconductor switch SW1, and the semiconductor The switch SW1 has the same current control direction and the semiconductor switch SW2 connected in series with the other end of the semiconductor switch SW1, and the low-voltage side arm composed of the diode D2 connected in reverse parallel to the semiconductor switch SW2, and the other of the semiconductor switch SW1. It consists of a rear tuttle L with one end connected to the end and the other end connected to an electric double layer capacitor EDLC. In this configuration, as shown in FIG. 6, when the external line voltage exceeds the upper limit of the rated voltage range in the regenerative operation of the electric vehicle 1, control is performed to step down the external line voltage by the step-up / down booster. That is, switch SW1 is switched, and charging current flows from EDLC through SW1 → L from the outside line during the ON period, and charging current flows from EDLC → D2 through EDLC during the OFF period. Regenerative power is regenerated as EDLC charging power.

[0013] また、図 6に示すように、電気車 1のカ行動作で外線電圧が定格電圧範囲の下限を下回ったときに、昇降圧チヨツバにより外線電圧を昇圧する制御を行う。すなわち、スイッチ SW2をチヨッパ動作させ、そのオン期間には EDLCから L→SW2を通して ED LCに短絡電流を流してリアタトル Lに電磁エネルギーとして蓄積し、そのオフ期間には EDLCからリアタトル L→D1の経路で外線に放電電流を流し、外線の電圧降下を抑制する。 In addition, as shown in FIG. 6, when the external line voltage falls below the lower limit of the rated voltage range in the powering operation of the electric vehicle 1, control is performed to increase the external line voltage by the step-up / down booster. In other words, switch SW2 is operated as a chopper, a short-circuit current flows from EDLC to ED LC through EDLC through L → SW2 during the ON period, and electromagnetic energy is accumulated in rear tuttle L, and from EDLC to rear tuttle L → D1 during the OFF period. A discharge current is sent to the outside line along the path to suppress the voltage drop on the outside line.

[0014] なお、直流電力蓄積装置 8には、電気二重層キャパシタのほかに蓄電池が使用される。この蓄電池を用いる場合は、長時間のエネルギー蓄積および蓄積量に優れる 1S 急速充放電特性で劣り、立ち上がりの速い回生電力等の充電に遅れが生じることや、電気車の始動'加速時等の負荷急変に追従した放電に遅れが生じ、外線電圧の急変や回生失効を招く恐れがある。一方、電気二重層キャパシタを用いる場合は、急速充放電性能に優れ、電気車からの回生電力吸収や、負荷急変に応動できる。特許文献 1：日本国の公開特許公報である特開 2000— 233669号公報 [0014] Note that, in the DC power storage device 8, a storage battery is used in addition to the electric double layer capacitor. When this storage battery is used, it is inferior in the 1S rapid charge / discharge characteristics, which excels in long-term energy storage and storage, and there is a delay in the charging of regenerative power, etc. There is a delay in the discharge following the sudden load change, which may cause a sudden change in the external line voltage and regenerative expiration. On the other hand, when an electric double layer capacitor is used, it has excellent rapid charge / discharge performance and can respond to regenerative power absorption from electric vehicles and sudden changes in load. Patent Document 1: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2000-233669, which is a published patent gazette in Japan

特許文献 2：日本国の公開特許公報である特開 2001— 260718号公報 Patent Document 2: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2001-260718

発明の開示 Disclosure of the invention

[0015] (第 1の課題） [0015] (First task)

電気二重層キャパシタと昇降圧チヨツバで構成する直流電力貯蔵装置を利用して、外線の電圧降下抑制を図る場合、図 5の構成では、電気二重層キャパシタの端子電圧 (待機電圧)を外線電圧の定格電圧範囲の下限電圧よりも低!、値としておき、電気二重層キャパシタからリアタトル L→ダイオード D1の経路による外線側への放電を防止する。また、外線の電圧降下発生に際して、電気二重層キャパシタカも供給できる電力量 (蓄積電力量)の最大化を図るため、電気二重層キャパシタの端子電圧を外線電圧の定格電圧範囲の下限電圧に近い値まで高めておく。 When a DC power storage device composed of an electric double layer capacitor and a buck-boost chiba is used to suppress the voltage drop of the external line, the terminal voltage (standby voltage) of the electric double layer capacitor is set to the external line voltage in the configuration shown in FIG. The value is lower than the lower limit voltage of the rated voltage range of, and is set as a value to prevent discharge from the electric double layer capacitor to the outside line through the path of the rear tuttle L → diode D1. In addition, in order to maximize the amount of power (stored power) that can be supplied by the electric double layer capacitor when an external voltage drop occurs, the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor is externally Increase to a value close to the lower limit voltage of the rated voltage range of the line voltage.

[0016] 例えば、 1500V系統では、外線電圧が 1200V (外線電圧の定格電圧範囲の下限 )以下で電気二重層キャパシタカ電力供給する場合、電気二重層キャパシタの端子電圧 (待機電圧）を 1200V以下とし、この電気二重層キャパシタから昇降圧チヨッパによる昇圧制御で外線電圧の電圧降下を抑制する。 [0016] For example, in the 1500V system, when the electric double layer capacitor power is supplied when the external line voltage is 1200V (lower limit of the rated voltage range of the external line voltage) or less, the terminal voltage (standby voltage) of the electric double layer capacitor is 1200V or less The voltage drop of the external voltage is suppressed from the electric double layer capacitor by the step-up / step-down control using the step-up / step-down chip.

[0017] 上記のように、図 5の構成では、電気二重層キャパシタの端子電圧は、外線電圧の定格電圧範囲の下限電圧よりも低くするため、電気二重層キャパシタの蓄積電力量が制限される。この蓄積電力量を高めるには、電気二重層キャパシタの並列台数を多くすると共に昇降圧チヨツバの可制御電流容量を高めることが考えられるが、これでは直流電力貯蔵装置の大型化およびコスト高を招く。 [0017] As described above, in the configuration of FIG. 5, the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor is set lower than the lower limit voltage of the rated voltage range of the external line voltage, so that the electric energy stored in the electric double layer capacitor is limited. . To increase the amount of stored power, it is conceivable to increase the number of electric double layer capacitors in parallel and increase the controllable current capacity of the buck-boost chiba, but this leads to an increase in the size and cost of the DC power storage device. .

[0018] (第 2の課題） [0018] (Second task)

直流電力貯蔵装置を利用して電圧降下抑制と回生電力吸収を行う場合、特許文献 1、特許文献 2では、外線電圧が低下したときに昇降圧チヨツバにより電気二重層キャパシタ EDLC端子電圧を昇圧制御して電圧降下を抑制し、外線電圧が上昇したときに昇降圧チヨツバにより外線電圧を降圧制御して回生電力を吸収する。この場合、電圧降下対策と回生電力吸収対策の両方に対応可能にするためには、電気二重層キャパシタの端子電圧 (待機電圧）は、電圧降下抑制のための放電動作時と回生電力吸収のための充電動作時とで同じ電圧範囲にされる力電圧降下対策時には電気二重層キャパシタの端子電圧が高い満充電の方がより多くの電圧降下を抑制でき、回生電力吸収時には電気二重層キャパシタの端子電圧が低い充電電力量が少ない方がより多くの回生電力を吸収できる。これら力、同じ電圧範囲で供給する放電電力量と吸収する充電電力量とを利用するため、電圧降下対策と回生電力吸収対策の両機能を同時に対応可能な電力量は前記満充電時の電力量や最低充電時の電力量に比べて少なくなり、両機能を同時に満足できない。 When voltage drop suppression and regenerative power absorption are performed using a DC power storage device, according to Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, when the external line voltage decreases, the voltage of the electric double layer capacitor EDLC terminal is boosted by the buck-boost voltage regulator. In this way, the voltage drop is suppressed, and when the external line voltage rises, the external line voltage is stepped down by the step-up / down booster to absorb the regenerative power. In this case, in order to be able to cope with both the voltage drop countermeasure and the regenerative power absorption countermeasure, the terminal voltage (standby voltage) of the electric double layer capacitor is the same as that during the discharge operation to suppress the voltage drop and the regenerative power absorption. The power that can be kept within the same voltage range as the charging operation for full voltage when the voltage drop countermeasure is taken can be suppressed more when the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor is high, and when the regenerative power is absorbed, the electric double layer capacitor The more regenerative power can be absorbed when the terminal voltage of the battery is low and the amount of charging power is small. Since these powers use the amount of discharged power supplied and the amount of charged power absorbed in the same voltage range, the amount of power that can simultaneously handle both the voltage drop countermeasure and the regenerative power absorption countermeasure is the amount of power at full charge. And it is less than the amount of power at the time of the minimum charge, and both functions cannot be satisfied at the same time.

[0019] このため、電圧降下対策と回生電力吸収対策の両機能に対応可能にした充放電電力量を確保するには、上記の第 1の課題と同様に、電気二重層キャパシタの並列台数を多くすると共に昇降圧チヨツバの可制御電流容量を高めることになり、直流電力貯蔵装置の大型化およびコスト高になる。 [0020] なお、充放電電力量を高めるため、電圧降下対策用として端子電圧 (待機電圧)を低くした直流電力貯蔵装置と、回生電力吸収対策用として端子電圧を高くした直流電力貯蔵装置との 2台の装置構成とすることも考えられるが、これでは設備の大型化およびコスト高の課題を解消できるものでな、。 [0019] For this reason, in order to secure the charge / discharge power amount that can cope with both the voltage drop countermeasure and the regenerative power absorption countermeasure, the number of electric double layer capacitors in parallel is reduced as in the first problem. As this increases, the controllable current capacity of the buck-boost chitsuba will increase, increasing the size and cost of the DC power storage device. [0020] It should be noted that a DC power storage device having a low terminal voltage (standby voltage) as a countermeasure for a voltage drop and a DC power storage device having a high terminal voltage as a countermeasure for absorbing regenerative power in order to increase the amount of charge / discharge power. It is conceivable to use two units, but this will not solve the problems of large equipment and high costs.

[0021] (第 3の課題） [0021] (Third issue)

直流電力貯蔵装置を利用して回生電力の吸収を行う場合、特許文献 1、特許文献 2では電気二重層キャパシタなどの電力貯蔵媒体が満充電の場合、回生電力の吸収ができず、電気車が回生運転を行うと回生失効が起こる。このため、回生電力吸収用抵抗装置の設置が必要になってしまう。また、カ行運転する電気車があらわれるまで電力貯蔵媒体は満充電のままであるため、電気車の回生運転が連続した場合には連続して回生失効が起こってしまう。 When absorbing regenerative power using a DC power storage device, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 cannot absorb regenerative power when the power storage medium such as an electric double layer capacitor is fully charged, and When regenerative driving is performed, regenerative invalidation occurs. This necessitates the installation of a regenerative power absorption resistance device. In addition, since the electric power storage medium remains fully charged until an electric vehicle that operates in a row is displayed, if the regenerative operation of the electric vehicle continues, regenerative invalidation will occur continuously.

[0022] 本発明の目的は、直流電力貯蔵装置の大型化およびコスト高を招くことなぐ従来装置と比べて外線への供給電力量と吸収電力量との和を増やし、より多くの外線の電圧降下抑制、電気車の回生電力吸収との対応を可能にするとともに、電気車の回生失効防止を可能にした直流電力貯蔵装置を提供することにある。 [0022] An object of the present invention is to increase the sum of the amount of power supplied to the outside line and the amount of absorbed power compared to the conventional device that does not increase the size and cost of the DC power storage device, and increases the voltage of the outside line. An object of the present invention is to provide a direct current power storage device that can cope with descent suppression and regenerative power absorption of an electric vehicle, and can prevent regenerative invalidation of an electric vehicle.

[0023] 本発明は、前記の課題を解決するため、電気二重層キャパシタなどの電力貯蔵媒体と外線との間に昇降圧チヨツバなどの直流 Z直流変換装置を設けた直流電力貯蔵装置とし、無負荷時には外線の定格電圧範囲の上限電圧を越える整流器無負荷電圧まで外線電圧が上昇するので、前記上限電圧を越えたときに、直流 Z直流変換装置の導通制御で外線と電力貯蔵媒体の間を導通させることで、電力貯蔵媒体の端子電圧を整流器無負荷電圧まで充電し、 [0023] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a DC power storage device in which a DC Z-DC converter such as a buck-boost chiba is provided between a power storage medium such as an electric double layer capacitor and an external line. When no load is applied, the external line voltage rises to the no-load voltage of the rectifier exceeding the upper limit voltage of the rated voltage range of the external line.When the upper limit voltage is exceeded, the external line and the power storage medium are controlled by the continuity control of the DC Z-DC converter. The terminal voltage of the power storage medium is charged to the rectifier no-load voltage by

回生電力吸収対策には外線電圧 (昇降圧チヨツバと外線とを接続する端子の電圧、以下同じ)が上限電圧を越えたときに、直流 Z直流変換装置の導通制御で外線と電力貯蔵媒体の間を導通させ、回生運転の電気車からの回生電力を電力貯蔵媒体の充電電力として吸収させると共に、回生運転を行う電気車のパンタ点電圧の上昇には、電気車がもつ回生電流絞り込み機能を利用して電気車の回生失効を防止し、電圧降下対策には外線電圧が下限電圧を下回ったときに電力貯蔵媒体の端子電圧を降圧制御または昇圧制御を行ヽ、電力貯蔵媒体から外線に放電させることで外線電圧をその下限電圧に保持するもので、以下の構成を特徴とする。 To prevent regenerative power absorption, when the external line voltage (the voltage at the terminal connecting the buck-boost chitsuba and the external line, the same shall apply hereinafter) exceeds the upper limit voltage, the continuity control of the DC Z-DC converter device controls the connection between the external line and the power storage medium. The regenerative power from the electric vehicle in regenerative operation is absorbed as the charging power of the power storage medium, and the regenerative current narrowing function of the electric vehicle is used to increase the pant point voltage of the electric vehicle that performs regenerative operation. Therefore, when the external line voltage falls below the lower limit voltage, the terminal voltage of the power storage medium is stepped down or stepped up to discharge from the power storage medium to the outside line. Let out The line voltage is held at the lower limit voltage and is characterized by the following configuration.

[0024] (1)電力貯蔵媒体と直流電気鉄道の外線との間に直流 Z直流変換装置を設けた直流電力貯蔵装置であって、 [0024] (1) A DC power storage device in which a DC Z-DC converter is provided between the power storage medium and the outside line of the DC electric railway,

前記直流 Z直流変換装置は、 The direct current Z direct current converter is

外線電圧が外線の定格電圧範囲の上限電圧を越えたとき、外線と前記電力貯蔵媒体との間を導通することで該電力貯蔵媒体を充放電し、外線電圧が前記上限電圧を下回ったとき、外線と前記電力貯蔵媒体との間を遮断する回生電力制御手段と、外線電圧が外線の定格電圧範囲の下限電圧を下回り、且つ前記電力貯蔵媒体の端子電圧が前記外線電圧より高いとき、該電力貯蔵媒体の端子電圧を降圧させながら該電力貯蔵媒体から外線側に放電し、外線電圧が前記下限電圧を下回り、且つ前記電力貯蔵媒体の端子電圧が前記外線電圧より低!ヽとき、該電力貯蔵媒体の端子電圧を昇圧させながら該電力貯蔵媒体から外線側に放電する電圧降下抑制手段と、 When the outer line voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage of the rated voltage range of the outer line, the power storage medium is charged and discharged by conducting between the outer line and the power storage medium, and when the outer line voltage falls below the upper limit voltage, Regenerative power control means for cutting off between the external line and the power storage medium, and when the external line voltage is lower than the lower limit voltage of the rated voltage range of the external line and the terminal voltage of the power storage medium is higher than the external line voltage, the power When the terminal voltage of the storage medium is decreased, the electric power storage medium is discharged to the outside line, the outside line voltage is lower than the lower limit voltage, and the terminal voltage of the power storage medium is lower than the outside line voltage. Voltage drop suppression means for discharging the power storage medium from the power storage medium to the outside line while boosting the terminal voltage of the power storage medium;

を備えたことを特徴とする。 It is provided with.

[0025] (2)前記回生電力吸収手段は、電気車からの回生電力の吸収によって前記上限電圧を越え、前記電力貯蔵媒体と外線との導通で外線電圧が上昇したとき、電気車がもつ回生電流絞り込み機能による回生電流絞り込み動作との協働によって、前記電力貯蔵媒体の端子電圧を該端子電圧の最大電圧以下に抑制することを特徴とする。 [0025] (2) The regenerative power absorption means exceeds the upper limit voltage due to absorption of regenerative power from the electric vehicle, and when the external line voltage rises due to conduction between the power storage medium and the external line, the regenerative power possessed by the electric vehicle The terminal voltage of the power storage medium is suppressed to be equal to or less than the maximum voltage of the terminal voltage in cooperation with the regenerative current narrowing operation by the current narrowing function.

[0026] (3)前記直流 Z直流変換装置は、外線の無負荷時には、外線と前記電力貯蔵媒体との間を導通し、該電力貯蔵媒体の端子電圧を整流器の無負荷電圧まで充電することを特徴とする。 [0026] (3) When the external line is not loaded, the DC Z-DC converter conducts between the external line and the power storage medium, and charges the terminal voltage of the power storage medium to the no-load voltage of the rectifier. It is characterized by that.

[0027] (4)前記直流 Z直流変換装置は、外線が前記下限電圧以上で前記電力貯蔵媒体の端子電圧が外線の上限電圧以下のとき、前記端子電圧が外線電圧より低!、場合には外線電圧を降圧させながら外線側から該電力貯蔵媒体に充電し、前記端子電圧が外線電圧より高い場合には外線電圧を昇圧させながら外線側から該電力貯蔵媒体に充電する手段を備えたことを特徴とする。 (4) In the DC Z-DC converter, the terminal voltage is lower than the external line voltage when the external line is equal to or higher than the lower limit voltage and the terminal voltage of the power storage medium is equal to or lower than the upper limit voltage of the external line. The power storage medium is charged from the external line side while stepping down the external line voltage, and when the terminal voltage is higher than the external line voltage, the power storage medium is charged from the external line side while increasing the external line voltage. It is characterized by.

[0028] (5)前記直流 Z直流変換装置は、前記電力貯蔵媒体の端子電圧が外線電圧よりも高ヽ場合、該電力貯蔵媒体から外線側への放電電流を制御または遮断する放電制御スィッチを備えたことを特徴とする。 [0028] (5) In the direct current Z direct current converter, the terminal voltage of the power storage medium is greater than the external voltage. In the case of high voltage, a discharge control switch for controlling or cutting off the discharge current from the power storage medium to the outside line is provided.

[0029] (6)前記直流 Z直流変換装置の主回路は、 (6) The main circuit of the direct current Z direct current converter is:

外線カゝら流れ込む充電電流を制御できる向きに一端を外線に接続した半導体スィツチ SW1および該半導体スィッチ SW1と逆並列接続したダイオード D1からなる高圧側アームと、前記半導体スィッチ SW1と電流を制御できる向きが同じで且つ半導体スィッチ SW1の他端と直列接続した半導体スィッチ SW2および該半導体スィッチ S W2と逆並列接続したダイオード D2からなる低圧側アームと、前記半導体スィッチ S W1の他端に一端を接続したリアタトル Lとからなる昇降圧チヨツバと、 The semiconductor switch SW1 whose one end is connected to the external line in a direction that can control the charging current flowing from the external line cable, and the high-voltage side arm composed of the diode D1 connected in reverse parallel to the semiconductor switch SW1, and the current to the semiconductor switch SW1 can be controlled. Low-voltage side arm consisting of semiconductor switch SW2 in the same direction and connected in series with the other end of semiconductor switch SW1 and diode D2 connected in reverse parallel to semiconductor switch SW2, and one end connected to the other end of semiconductor switch SW1 A step-up / down pressure chiyotsuba consisting of the rear tuttle L,

前記リアタトル Lの他端と前記電力貯蔵媒体との間に接続し、該電力貯蔵媒体からの放電電流を制御できる向きの半導体スィッチ SW3および該半導体スィッチ SW3と逆並列接続したダイオード D3からなる放電制御スィッチと、 Discharge control comprising a semiconductor switch SW3 connected between the other end of the rear tuttle L and the power storage medium, and capable of controlling a discharge current from the power storage medium, and a diode D3 connected in reverse parallel to the semiconductor switch SW3 With the switch,

を備えたことを特徴とする。 It is provided with.

発明を実施するための最良の形態 BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0030] 図 1は、本発明の実施形態を示す回路構成図であり、主回路構成が図 5と異なる部分は、リアタトル Lの他端と前記電力貯蔵媒体との間に接続し、該電力貯蔵媒体からの放電電流を制御できる向きの半導体スィッチ SW3および該半導体スィッチ SW3と逆並列接続したダイオード D3からなる放電制御スィッチ 9を設けた点にある。 FIG. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention. The main circuit configuration different from that in FIG. 5 is connected between the other end of the rear tuttle L and the power storage medium. This is in that a discharge control switch 9 comprising a semiconductor switch SW3 oriented to control the discharge current from the power storage medium and a diode D3 connected in reverse parallel to the semiconductor switch SW3 is provided.

[0031] 制御装置 10は、昇降圧チヨツバ 7の昇降圧制御機能に加えて、放電制御スィッチ 9 のスイッチングおよび導通 Z遮断制御機能を設け、各種電圧条件設定と電圧検出信号の監視の基に、以下の制御手段を設ける。 [0031] In addition to the step-up / step-down control function of the step-up / down pressure booster 7, the control device 10 is provided with a switching and conduction Z cutoff control function of the discharge control switch 9, and based on various voltage condition settings and voltage detection signal monitoring. The following control means are provided.

[0032] なお、本実施形態の説明と図面は、き電変電所の整流器の直流側、電力貯蔵装置のき電線出力側、き電線、架線およびトロリ線を総称して外線と呼称して説明する。 [0032] The description and drawings of the present embodiment are described by collectively referring to the DC side of the rectifier of the feeder substation, the feeder output side of the power storage device, feeders, overhead wires, and trolley wires as external lines. To do.

[0033] (a)電気二重層キャパシタは、その充電電圧上限を、電気車からの回生電力によつて外線に発生すると想定される最大電圧以上のものを使用し、外線の無負荷時には外線の定格電圧範囲の上限を超える整流器の無負荷電圧まで充電されている。 [0033] (a) The electric double layer capacitor uses a capacitor whose maximum charging voltage exceeds the maximum voltage that is expected to be generated on the outside line due to regenerative power from the electric vehicle. The rectifier is charged to no-load voltage exceeding the upper limit of the rated voltage range.

[0034] (b)回生電力吸収対策と回生失効防止対策は、外線電圧が定格電圧範囲の上限電圧を越えたとき、外線と前記電気二重層キャパシタとの間を導通させるために、スイッチ SW1と SW3をオン (導通）制御し、回生電力を電気二重層キャパシタへの充電電力として吸収させ、この電力吸収によって外線電圧の急激な電圧上昇による電気車の回生失効を防止すると共に、電気二重層キャパシタへの充電によって吸収した回生電力を電気二重層キャパシタカカ行運転を行う電気車への放電によって回生電力を有効利用できるようにする。 [0034] (b) Regenerative power absorption countermeasures and regenerative invalidation prevention countermeasures are provided in order to establish conduction between the external line and the electric double layer capacitor when the external line voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage of the rated voltage range. The switches SW1 and SW3 are turned on (conducted) to absorb the regenerative power as the charging power for the electric double layer capacitor, and this power absorption prevents the electric vehicle from being regenerated invalid due to a sudden rise in the external voltage. In addition, the regenerative power absorbed by charging the electric double layer capacitor can be effectively used by discharging it to the electric vehicle that operates the electric double layer capacitor.

[0035] この電力吸収による外線電圧の上昇が継続し、さらに外線電圧が上昇した場合には、電気車がもつ回生電流絞り込み機能による回生電流絞り込み動作との協働によつて、電気二重層キャパシタの端子電圧と外線電圧がその最大電圧を超えな!/ヽように協調されると共に、この状態においても電気車の回生電流絞り込み制御によって回生失効を起こさな!/、ようにする。 [0035] When the external line voltage continues to rise due to this power absorption and further increases, the electric double layer capacitor is cooperated with the regenerative current narrowing operation by the regenerative current narrowing function of the electric vehicle. The terminal voltage and the external line voltage are coordinated so that the maximum voltage is not exceeded! / ヽ, and regenerative invalidation is not caused by the regenerative current limiting control of the electric vehicle even in this state!

[0036] (c)電圧降下対策は、外線電圧が定格電圧範囲の下限電圧を下回ったとき、外線電圧より電気二重層キャパシタの端子電圧が高い場合には、放電制御スィッチ 9の半導体スィッチ SW3をスイッチング動作させ、前記電気二重層キャパシタの端子電圧を降圧制御して電気二重層キャパシタカ外線側に放電させ、この放電によって外線電圧をその定格電圧範囲の下限電圧以上に保持する。さらに、この放電で電気二重層キャパシタの端子電圧が外線電圧よりも低くなつたときに半導体スィッチ SW3 をオン (導通）制御および昇降圧チヨッパ 7の半導体スィッチ SW2をスイッチング動作に切り替えて、前記電気二重層キャパシタの端子電圧を昇圧制御して放電を継続させ、外線電圧をその定格電圧範囲の下限電圧以上に保持する。 [0036] (c) As a countermeasure for the voltage drop, when the external line voltage falls below the lower limit voltage of the rated voltage range and the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor is higher than the external line voltage, the semiconductor switch SW3 of the discharge control switch 9 is set. A switching operation is performed, and the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor is stepped down to discharge the electric double layer capacitor cable to the outside line side. By this discharge, the outside line voltage is maintained at or above the lower limit voltage of the rated voltage range. Further, when the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor becomes lower than the external voltage due to this discharge, the semiconductor switch SW3 is turned on (conduction) and the semiconductor switch SW2 of the step-up / step-down chopper 7 is switched to the switching operation. Boost the terminal voltage of the multilayer capacitor to continue the discharge, and keep the external line voltage above the lower limit voltage of its rated voltage range.

[0037] なお、電気車による回生電流の絞り込みは、既存の電気車に装備されるものであり、電気車のパンタ点電圧を監視し、この電圧が規定値以上のときにはそれに応じて回生電流を 100%から 0%に絞り込むことにより、過剰にパンタ点電圧が上昇するのを防止する。一般的には、 DC1500V系の電気車では、図 2に示すように、パンタ点電圧が DC1600V以下では絞り率 1.0 (絞り量 0%)、 DC1800V以上で絞り率 0 (絞り量 100%)とし、 1600V〜1800Vの間は電圧に比例して直線的に絞り率を 0に向けて下げ、回生電流を抑制する。この回生電流の絞り込みによる余剰の制動エネルギ一は機械ブレーキにより吸収される。 [0037] It should be noted that the narrowing down of the regenerative current by the electric vehicle is provided in an existing electric vehicle, and the punter voltage of the electric vehicle is monitored, and when this voltage exceeds a specified value, the regenerative current is reduced accordingly. By narrowing down from 100% to 0%, the punter point voltage is prevented from rising excessively. Generally, in a DC1500V electric vehicle, as shown in Fig. 2, when the punter voltage is 1600V DC or less, the aperture ratio is 1.0 (0% aperture), and when it is 1800V or more, the aperture ratio is 0 (diaphragm amount 100%). Between 1600V and 1800V, the aperture ratio is reduced linearly in proportion to the voltage to 0 to suppress the regenerative current. Excess braking energy due to this regenerative current reduction is absorbed by the mechanical brake.

[0038] 以下、電圧降下対策、回生電力吸収対策および回生失効防止対策のための制御動作を 1500V系統に適用した場合の具体例を詳細に説明する。 [0038] Hereinafter, control for voltage drop countermeasures, regenerative power absorption countermeasures and regenerative invalidation prevention countermeasures A specific example when the operation is applied to a 1500 V system will be described in detail.

[0039] (1)き電系統の運転条件 [0039] (1) Feeding system operating conditions

外線の定格電圧範囲を DC1600V (上限）〜 1200V (下限）とし、整流器 6の無負荷電圧を DC 1620Vとする。電気二重層キャパシタ EDLCの充電最大電圧を DC 18 OOVとする。 The rated voltage range of the external line is DC 1600V (upper limit) to 1200V (lower limit), and the no-load voltage of rectifier 6 is DC 1620V. The maximum charging voltage of the electric double layer capacitor EDLC is DC 18 OOV.

[0040] (2)無負荷時 [0040] (2) No load

制御装置 10は、外線電圧が 1600V以上で昇降圧チヨッパ 7の半導体スィッチ SW 1をオン (導通）制御し、電気二重層キャパシタ EDLCが 1600V未満の場合、き電変電所の整流器 6から電気二重層キャパシタ EDLCを充電し、その充電電圧は整流器 6の無負荷電圧の 1620Vまで充電される。 The control device 10 turns on (conducts) the semiconductor switch SW 1 of the buck-boost chopper 7 when the external line voltage is 1600 V or more. When the electric double layer capacitor EDLC is less than 1600 V, the control device 10 supplies electric power from the rectifier 6 of the feeder substation. The multilayer capacitor EDLC is charged, and the charging voltage is charged to 1620V, the no-load voltage of rectifier 6.

[0041] (3)通常負荷時 [0041] (3) Normal load

制御装置 10は、電気車がカ行運転されて外線電圧が整流器無負荷電圧の 1620 Vより低下した場合、整流器 6からの給電と並列に、電気二重層キャパシタ EDLCからの電力供給を外線電圧と電気二重層キャパシタ EDLCの端子電圧が平衡状態なので放電制御スィッチ 9のオン (導通）制御で行う。ただし、外線電圧が 1600Vを下回る時点（ただし、 1200V以上)で放電制御スィッチ 9をオフ制御し、外線の定格電圧範囲内では整流器 6のみ力カ行電力を供給する。 When the electric vehicle is operated in a row and the external voltage falls below 1620 V, which is the rectifier no-load voltage, the control device 10 supplies the electric power from the electric double layer capacitor EDLC in parallel with the power supply from the rectifier 6. Since the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor EDLC is in an equilibrium state, the discharge control switch 9 is turned on (conducted). However, when the external line voltage falls below 1600V (however, 1200V or more), the discharge control switch 9 is turned off, and only the rectifier 6 supplies power to the power line within the rated voltage range of the external line.

[0042] (4)回生電力吸収対策と回生失効防止対策 [0042] (4) Regenerative power absorption measures and regenerative expiration prevention measures

図 3に示すように、電気車からの回生電力によって外線電圧が上昇し、外線電圧がその定格電圧範囲の上限となる 1600Vを越えたとき（時刻 tl)、制御装置 10は昇降圧チヨッパ 7の半導体スィッチ SW1のオン（導通）制御と半導体スィッチ SW3のオン制御を行う。このとき、電気二重層キャパシタ EDLCの端子電圧も 1600Vであるため、半導体スィッチ SW1のオン制御により外線側力電気二重層キャパシタ EDLCへ充電電流を流し、その充電で回生電力を吸収する。 As shown in Fig. 3, when the outside line voltage rises due to regenerative electric power from the electric vehicle and the outside line voltage exceeds 1600 V, which is the upper limit of the rated voltage range (time tl), the control device 10 Turns on (conducts) semiconductor switch SW1 and turns on semiconductor switch SW3. At this time, since the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor EDLC is also 1600 V, a charging current is supplied to the external line side electric double layer capacitor EDLC by on-control of the semiconductor switch SW1, and regenerative power is absorbed by the charging.

[0043] このとき、電気車の回生電力で電気二重層キャパシタ EDLCの端子電圧が上昇すると共に、電気車のパンタ点電圧も上昇し、このパンタ点電圧の上昇に伴って電気車の電流絞り込み機能により回生電流も減少する。また、電気車の回生運転が終了したとき（外線電圧の上昇が終了し、整流器無負荷電圧の 1620Vに向け電圧が下がつたとき、図 3の波形 A)に、今度は半導体スィッチ SW3のオン制御によって、外線が周囲の区間の外線電圧と電圧平衡を保とうとするため、電気二重層キャパシタ EDL Cの端子電圧が自然低下し、その後無負荷であれば整流器無負荷電圧の 1620Vに落ち着く。前記上限電圧を越えているときに、カ行運転する電気車が存在する場合には、整流器無負荷電圧までは電気二重層キャパシタ EDLCカゝら電気車への電力供給となり、無負荷電圧以下では整流器と電気二重層キャパシタ EDLCが並列に電気車への電力供給を行 1ヽ、外線電圧はカ行運転する電気車によって上限電圧以下に落ち着く（図 3の波形 B)。 [0043] At this time, the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor EDLC rises due to the regenerative power of the electric car, and the electric car's punter point voltage also rises. The regenerative current is also reduced by the function. In addition, when the regenerative operation of the electric vehicle ends (the increase in the external line voltage ends, the voltage drops toward the rectifier no-load voltage of 1620V. In this case, the waveform A) in Fig. 3 shows that the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor EDL C naturally decreases because the external switch tries to maintain voltage balance with the external line voltage in the surrounding section by turning on the semiconductor switch SW3. Then, if there is no load, it will settle to 1620V, the rectifier no-load voltage. When there is an electric vehicle that operates in a row when the upper limit voltage is exceeded, the electric double layer capacitor EDLC and the electric vehicle are supplied with power up to the rectifier no-load voltage, and below the no-load voltage The rectifier and electric double-layer capacitor EDLC supply power to the electric car in parallel, and the external voltage settles below the upper limit voltage by the electric car that operates in a row (waveform B in Fig. 3).

[0044] また、電気二重層キャパシタの端子電圧が外線の定格電圧上限（1600V)以下になったときは半導体スィッチ SW3のオフ (遮断)制御によって電気二重層キャパシタ EDLC力もの放電を停止し、電気車には整流器 6からの電力供給のみになる。 [0044] When the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor falls below the upper limit of the rated voltage (1600V) of the external line, the discharge of the electric double layer capacitor EDLC power is stopped by turning off (cutting off) the semiconductor switch SW3. Only the power from the rectifier 6 is supplied to the car.

[0045] 電気車の回生動作が継続し、電気二重層キャパシタ EDLCの端子電圧が最大電圧 1800Vに達したとき（時刻 t2)、電気車からの回生電流は電流絞り込み動作によつて零になり、外線電圧も定格電圧上限（1600V)を越えて一時的に 1800Vになるが、回生電流が零であるためそれ以上の電圧上昇はなぐ回生失効を防止する。 [0045] When the regenerative operation of the electric vehicle continues and the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor EDLC reaches the maximum voltage of 1800V (time t2), the regenerative current from the electric vehicle is reduced to zero by the current narrowing operation. Therefore, the external line voltage temporarily exceeds the rated voltage upper limit (1600V) and becomes 1800V temporarily. However, since the regenerative current is zero, further voltage rise prevents regenerative expiration.

[0046] したがって、回生電力吸収対策および回生失効防止対策では、外線電圧は一時的に定格電圧上限（1600V)を越えることもあるが最終的には整流器無負荷電圧または定格電圧上限以下に落ち着き、電気二重層キャパシタ EDLCの端子電圧は 16 OOV〜 1800Vの範囲に制御される。 [0046] Therefore, in regenerative power absorption measures and regenerative expiration prevention measures, the outside line voltage may temporarily exceed the rated voltage upper limit (1600V), but eventually it will fall below the rectifier no-load voltage or the rated voltage upper limit. The terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor EDLC is controlled in the range of 16 OOV to 1800V.

[0047] (5)電圧降下対策 [0047] (5) Voltage drop countermeasure

図 3に示すように、電気車がカ行運転し、外線電圧が定格電圧範囲の下限（1200 V)を下回ったとき（時刻 t3)、制御装置 10は、半導体スィッチ SW3をスイッチング制御することで、電気二重層キャパシタ EDLCの端子電圧を降圧制御して電気二重層キャパシタ EDLC力もリアタトル Lおよびダイオード D1を通して放電を開始し、整流器 6側からの電力供給と協働して電圧降下を抑制する。この電圧降下抑制で、外線電圧が下限 1200V以上に戻ったとき（時刻 t4：図 3の波形 C)、制御装置 10は半導体スィッチ SW3をオフ制御して電気二重層キャパシタ EDLCからの放電を停止させ、昇降圧チヨッパを昇圧制御に切り替えて電気二重層キャパシタ EDLCを充電し（図 3 の波形 C' )、 1600Vまでの充電で制御を停止する。 As shown in Fig. 3, when the electric vehicle runs in a row and the outside line voltage falls below the lower limit (1200 V) of the rated voltage range (time t3), the control device 10 performs switching control of the semiconductor switch SW3. Thus, the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor EDLC is stepped down to start discharging the electric double layer capacitor EDLC force through the rear tuttle L and the diode D1, and the voltage drop is suppressed in cooperation with the power supply from the rectifier 6 side. With this voltage drop suppression, when the outside line voltage returns to the lower limit of 1200V or higher (time t4: waveform C in Fig. 3), the control device 10 controls the semiconductor switch SW3 to turn off and stops discharging from the electric double layer capacitor EDLC. Switch the buck-boost chopper to boost control and charge the electric double layer capacitor EDLC (Fig. 3 Waveform C '), control stops when charging up to 1600V.

[0048] また、外線電圧が下限電圧 1200V以上に戻らず、電圧降下抑制の継続で、電気二重層キャパシタ EDLCの端子電圧が外線電圧よりも低くなつたとき（時刻 t5)、制御装置 10は半導体スィッチ SW3をオン (導通）制御に、昇降圧チヨツバ 7の半導体スィツチ SW2をスイッチング動作に切り替え、前記端子電圧を昇圧制御することで放電を継続させ、整流器 6側からの電力供給と協働して、外線電圧の電圧降下抑制を行う。この放電で、電気二重層キャパシタ EDLCの端子電圧は下限電圧（1200V)以下に低下していく。この電圧降下抑制で、外線電圧が下限 1200V以上に戻ったとき（時刻 t6 :図 3の波形 D)、制御装置 10は、昇降圧チヨツバ 7の降圧制御で電気二重層キャパシタ EDLCを充電し（図 3の波形 D' )、 1600Vまでの充電で降圧制御を停止する。 [0048] Further, when the external line voltage does not return to the lower limit voltage of 1200V or higher and the voltage drop is continuously suppressed, and the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor EDLC becomes lower than the external line voltage (time t5), the control device 10 is a semiconductor. Switch SW3 is turned on (conduction) control, semiconductor switch SW2 of buck-boost booster 7 is switched to switching operation, and the discharge is continued by boosting the terminal voltage to cooperate with power supply from rectifier 6 side. The voltage drop of the outside line voltage is suppressed. This discharge causes the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor EDLC to drop below the lower limit voltage (1200V). When the external voltage returns to the lower limit of 1200 V or more by suppressing this voltage drop (time t6: waveform D in Fig. 3), the control device 10 charges the electric double layer capacitor EDLC by the step-down control of the step-up / down booster 7. (Waveform D 'in Fig. 3), step-down control is stopped when charging up to 1600V.

[0049] また、外線の電圧降下が継続し、電気二重層キャパシタ EDLCの放電でその端子電圧が最低電圧 500Vにまで達したとき（時刻 t7)、制御装置 10は昇降圧チヨツバの制御を停止する。電気車のカ行運転が終了し（時刻 t8)、外線電圧が 1200V以上に戻ったとき（時刻 t9：図 3の波形 E)、電気二重層キャパシタ EDLCを充電する（図 3の波形 E' )。 [0049] Further, when the voltage drop of the external line continues and the terminal voltage reaches the minimum voltage of 500V due to the discharge of the electric double layer capacitor EDLC (time t7), the control device 10 stops the control of the step-up / step-down capacitor. . When the electric vehicle has finished running (time t8) and the external voltage has returned to 1200V or higher (time t9: waveform E in Fig. 3), the electric double layer capacitor EDLC is charged (waveform E 'in Fig. 3). .

[0050] したがって、電気二重層キャパシタ EDLCの端子電圧は 500V〜1600Vの範囲に制御される。 [0050] Therefore, the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor EDLC is controlled in the range of 500V to 1600V.

[0051] すなわち、電気二重層キャパシタ EDLCは、電圧降下対策時に、従来装置に比べて、広い電圧範囲（500V〜1600V)で充放電が可能となり、電気二重層キャパシタ EDLCが従来装置のそれと同じ容量 (並列台数を多くすることなく）であっても電圧降下抑制のために供給できる電力量を大幅に高めることができる。 [0051] That is, the electric double layer capacitor EDLC can be charged and discharged in a wider voltage range (500V to 1600V) than the conventional device when taking measures against voltage drop. The electric double layer capacitor EDLC has the same capacity as that of the conventional device. Even without increasing the number of units in parallel, the amount of power that can be supplied to suppress the voltage drop can be greatly increased.

[0052] なお、実施形態では、昇降圧チヨツバと放電制御スィッチで直流 Z直流変換装置を構成する場合で説明した力電気二重層キャパシタ EDLCと外線との間の電力の充放電を可能にした、他の充放電回路構成にした直流 Z直流変換装置を使用して同等の作用効果を得ることができる。 [0052] In the embodiment, it is possible to charge / discharge electric power between the electric double layer capacitor EDLC and the external line described in the case where the DC Z-DC converter is configured by the step-up / down booster and the discharge control switch. The same effect can be obtained by using DC / DC converters with other charge / discharge circuit configurations.

[0053] また、実施形態では、外線の無負荷時および通常負荷時に、電気二重層キャパシタの端子電圧を外線の定格電圧範囲の上限電圧近くになるよう充放電制御しておく場合を示したが、電気二重層キャパシタの端子電圧を外線の定格電圧範囲の下限電圧と上限電圧の範囲内に充放電しておくことでもよい。 In the embodiment, charge / discharge control is performed so that the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor is close to the upper limit voltage of the rated voltage range of the external line when the external line is not loaded and during normal load. Although the case is shown, the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor may be charged and discharged within the range of the lower limit voltage and the upper limit voltage of the rated voltage range of the external line.

[0054] 例えば、電気二重層キャパシタの端子電圧を下限電圧と上限電圧の中間値としておき、この状態から電圧降下対策と回生電力吸収対策の両機能を満足しつつ、かつ電気二重層キャパシタの端子電圧が整流器の無負荷電圧以上となった場合には力行車両が存在しなくとも、外線全体の電圧平衡を取りながら電気二重層キャパシタの端子電圧を自然低下させ、さらに回生電気車が連続して電気二重層キャパシタが上昇し続けた場合には電気車の電流絞り制御により回生失効を起こさないようにする。 [0054] For example, by setting the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor as an intermediate value between the lower limit voltage and the upper limit voltage, the terminal of the electric double layer capacitor is satisfied while satisfying both functions of voltage drop countermeasures and regenerative power absorption countermeasures from this state. When the voltage exceeds the no-load voltage of the rectifier, even if there is no power vehicle, the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor is naturally reduced while balancing the voltage of the entire outside line, and the regenerative electric vehicle continues. If the electric double layer capacitor continues to rise, regenerative deactivation will be prevented by controlling the electric vehicle current.

[0055] また、実施形態では、電力貯蔵媒体として電気二重層キャパシタを使用する場合を示したが、ハイブリッドキャパシタ、大容量キャパシタ、蓄電池を使用しても、同等の作用効果を得ることができる。さら〖こ、半導体スィッチを任意の電圧で制御する例を示したが、この任意の電圧に不感帯を設けることで、半導体スィッチのチャタリングを防止でさることは勿！^のことである。 [0055] In the embodiment, the case where an electric double layer capacitor is used as the power storage medium has been described. However, even if a hybrid capacitor, a large-capacity capacitor, or a storage battery is used, the same operation effect can be obtained. . Furthermore, although an example of controlling a semiconductor switch with an arbitrary voltage has been shown, it is not possible to prevent chattering of the semiconductor switch by providing a dead band at this arbitrary voltage! It is ^.

[0056] 以上のとおり、本発明によれば、外線電圧が定格電圧範囲の上限電圧を越えたときは回生電力を吸収し、外線電圧が定格電圧範囲の下限電圧を下回ったときは電圧降下を抑制することができる。 [0056] As described above, according to the present invention, regenerative power is absorbed when the external line voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage of the rated voltage range, and voltage drop occurs when the external line voltage falls below the lower limit voltage of the rated voltage range. Can be suppressed.

[0057] し力も、従来装置に比べて、電気二重層キャパシタは広い電圧範囲で充放電を可能としたため、従来装置の満充電と同等以上の電気二重層キャパシタの電力蓄積量としながらも回生電力の吸収が可能であるため、電圧降下対策と回生電力吸収対策の両機能を満足しつつ、かつ電気二重層キャパシタの端子電圧が整流器の無負荷電圧以上となった場合にはカ行車両が存在しなくとも、外線全体の電圧平衡を取りながら電気二重層キャパシタの端子電圧は自然低下し、さらに回生運転を行う電気車が連続して電気二重層キャパシタの端子電圧が上昇し続けた場合でも電気車の電流絞り込み制御により回生失効が起こらない。 [0057] Compared to the conventional device, the electric double layer capacitor can be charged and discharged in a wide voltage range. Therefore, the electric double layer capacitor can be regenerated while maintaining the same amount of power as the full charge of the conventional device. Since power can be absorbed, both the functions of voltage drop countermeasures and regenerative power absorption countermeasures are satisfied, and when the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor exceeds the no-load voltage of the rectifier, Even if it does not exist, the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor naturally decreases while balancing the voltage of the entire outside line, and even if the electric vehicle that performs regenerative operation continues to rise, the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor continues to rise. Regenerative invalidation does not occur due to electric vehicle current throttling control.

[0058] また、直流電力貯蔵装置の大型化およびコスト高を招くことなぐ電圧降下抑制のために供給できる電力量を大幅に高めることができる。 [0058] In addition, the amount of power that can be supplied for suppressing the voltage drop without increasing the size and cost of the DC power storage device can be significantly increased.

図面の簡単な説明 Brief Description of Drawings

[0059] [図 1]本発明の実施形態を示す直流電力貯蔵装置の回路構成図。 [図 2]電気車の回生電流絞り込み特性の例を示す図。 FIG. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram of a DC power storage device showing an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of regenerative current narrowing characteristics of an electric vehicle.

圆 3]実施形態における電気車の回生失効防止と電圧低下抑制の動作波形図。圆 4]従来の電力回生方式を示す図。圆 3] Operation waveform diagram for preventing regeneration invalidation and suppressing voltage drop of the electric vehicle in the embodiment.圆 4] A diagram showing a conventional power regeneration system.

[図 5]従来の直流電力貯蔵装置の主回路構成図。 FIG. 5 is a main circuit configuration diagram of a conventional DC power storage device.

[図 6]電気車の回生失効防止と電圧低下抑制の動作波形図。 FIG. 6 is an operation waveform diagram for preventing regeneration invalidation and voltage drop suppression of an electric vehicle.

Claims

請求の範囲 The scope of the claims

[1] 電力貯蔵媒体と直流電気鉄道の外線との間に直流 Z直流変換装置を設けた直流電力貯蔵装置であって、 [1] A DC power storage device in which a DC Z-DC converter is provided between the power storage medium and the outside line of the DC electric railway,

を備えたことを特徴とする直流電力貯蔵装置。 A direct-current power storage device comprising:

[2] 前記回生電力吸収手段は、電気車からの回生電力の吸収によって前記上限電圧を越え、前記電力貯蔵媒体と外線との導通で外線電圧が上昇したとき、電気車がもつ回生電流絞り込み機能による回生電流絞り込み動作との協働によって、前記電力貯蔵媒体の端子電圧を該端子電圧の最大電圧以下に抑制することを特徴とする請求項 1に記載の直流電力貯蔵装置。 [2] The regenerative power absorbing means narrows down the regenerative current that the electric vehicle has when the upper limit voltage is exceeded by absorption of regenerative power from the electric vehicle and the external line voltage rises due to conduction between the power storage medium and the external line. 2. The DC power storage device according to claim 1, wherein the terminal voltage of the power storage medium is suppressed to be equal to or lower than a maximum voltage of the terminal voltage in cooperation with a regenerative current narrowing operation by a function.

[3] 前記直流 Z直流変換装置は、外線の無負荷時には、外線と前記電力貯蔵媒体との間を導通し、該電力貯蔵媒体の端子電圧を整流器の無負荷電圧まで充電することを特徴とする請求項 1または 2に記載の直流電力貯蔵装置。 [3] The DC Z-DC converter is characterized in that when no external line is loaded, the external line and the power storage medium are conducted, and the terminal voltage of the power storage medium is charged to the no-load voltage of the rectifier. The direct-current power storage device according to claim 1 or 2.

[4] 前記直流 Z直流変換装置は、外線が前記下限電圧以上で前記電力貯蔵媒体の端子電圧が外線の上限電圧以下のとき、前記端子電圧が外線電圧より低い場合には外線電圧を降圧させながら外線側から該電力貯蔵媒体に充電し、前記端子電圧が外線電圧より高い場合には外線電圧を昇圧させながら外線側から該電力貯蔵媒体に充電する手段を備えたことを特徴とする請求項 1乃至 3記載の直流電力貯蔵装置。 [4] The DC Z-DC converter reduces the external line voltage when the external line is equal to or higher than the lower limit voltage and the terminal voltage of the power storage medium is equal to or lower than the upper limit voltage of the external line, and the terminal voltage is lower than the external line voltage. The power storage medium is charged from the outside line side, and when the terminal voltage is higher than the outside line voltage, the power storage medium is charged from the outside line side while boosting the outside line voltage. Item 1. A DC power storage device according to items 1 to 3.

[5] 前記直流 Z直流変換装置は、前記電力貯蔵媒体の端子電圧が外線電圧よりも高 Vヽ場合、該電力貯蔵媒体から外線側への放電電流を制御または遮断する放電制御スィッチを備えたことを特徴とする請求項 1乃至 4記載の直流電力貯蔵装置。 [5] The DC Z-DC converter includes a discharge control switch that controls or cuts off a discharge current from the power storage medium to the outside line when the terminal voltage of the power storage medium is higher than the outside line voltage. The DC power storage device according to claim 1, wherein the DC power storage device is a DC power storage device.

[6] 前記直流 Z直流変換装置の主回路は、 [6] The main circuit of the DC to DC converter is

を備えたことを特徴とする請求項 1乃至 5記載の直流電力貯蔵装置。 6. The DC power storage device according to claim 1, further comprising: