WO2007087756A1 - Alimentation électrique commutée par condensateur possédant une fonction d'attente économe en consommation de courant - Google Patents

Alimentation électrique commutée par condensateur possédant une fonction d'attente économe en consommation de courant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007087756A1
WO2007087756A1 PCT/CN2007/000388 CN2007000388W WO2007087756A1 WO 2007087756 A1 WO2007087756 A1 WO 2007087756A1 CN 2007000388 W CN2007000388 W CN 2007000388W WO 2007087756 A1 WO2007087756 A1 WO 2007087756A1
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Prior art keywords
standby
power supply
power
circuit
micro
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PCT/CN2007/000388
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Hai Wang
Original Assignee
Hai Wang
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Publication of WO2007087756A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007087756A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/005—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting using a power saving mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0032—Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/05—Capacitor coupled rectifiers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power supply device for converting an alternating current power to a low voltage direct current, and more particularly to a power supply device which can satisfy the standby requirement of the electric equipment and has a low power consumption of the power source itself.
  • the power supply In order to extend the service life and save energy, most electronic devices currently have a standby mode, that is, when the device is temporarily not working, the device is put into a sleep state, and in the standby mode, the power consumption of the electronic device is minimized.
  • the power supply In order to ensure that the electronic device can resume work at any time, the power supply must be in a working state to supply power to the host circuit so that the device can receive the power-on signal at any time.
  • the power consumption of the host circuit during standby can be extremely low, such as micro-watt level, so that the main contradiction of energy consumption during standby of the device is transferred to the power supply. Due to the high efficiency of the switching power supply, it is replacing the transformer widely used in the power supply circuit of electronic equipment. At high current output, the output efficiency of the switching power supply can be easily achieved by more than 90%, but when the output power is very low, When it is less than 1W, the power of the switching power supply becomes very low, and it is difficult to achieve more than 50%.
  • the International Energy Agency proposed the 1W plan, which means that the output power of the power supply in standby mode is controlled below 1W.
  • the commonly used methods are: 1. Reduce the operating frequency of the switching power supply; 2. Doze mode, let the switching power supply work in the pulse output state; 3. Use in standby power supply Another set of low power isolated power supplies. The result of this is that the switching power supply can reduce the power consumption of the switching power supply to below 1W with almost no current output, or to the IEA's recommended 0.3W or less.
  • the standby power consumption can meet the standby standard proposed by IEA, such as ON Semiconductor, Phiphs
  • IEA ON Semiconductor
  • the green power chip uses this method, but the use of hiccup mode reduces the standby power consumption is limited, and the output power fluctuates greatly when working in hiccup mode; the other is, the power supply with output power of 200W or more for normal operation.
  • the standby mode another set of low-power power supply is used, but the method of using additional power to reduce the standby power consumption is undoubtedly greatly increasing the cost of the power supply. Therefore, the standby problem has not yet been completely satisfactory. Resolution.
  • the switching power supply its loss is mainly composed of three parts: 1. Loss of the switching tube during conduction and cut-off; 2. High-frequency transformer loss; 3. Rectifier diode loss. These three losses are fixed during each switching cycle. The higher the rated output power, the larger the fixed loss of the switching power supply, but the larger the output power, the smaller the ratio of fixed power to output power. The reason why high-voltage, high-power switching power supplies are relatively efficient at full load output. It is possible to reduce the fixed loss of the switching power supply by selecting a MOFET with good turn-on and turn-off characteristics, a transformer with low high-frequency loss, and a control circuit with low power dissipation, so as to reduce standby power consumption, but the result will be Increase the cost of the circuit. Reducing the operating frequency of the switching power supply can also achieve the purpose of reducing standby loss, but the reduction is limited.
  • the switching power supply can reduce the standby power consumption. It is possible to operate the switching power supply in an intermittent state during standby, that is, to reduce the duty ratio of the output, but the effect of reducing the standby power consumption is limited.
  • the characteristics of the switching power supply are: The higher the output power, the higher the efficiency, and the smaller the output power, the lower the efficiency. Therefore, if the standby power consumption of the switching power supply is reduced by reducing the power consumption of the switching power supply, this is a way to improve the standby output efficiency from the high cost that is not easily realized in principle, that is, it is not effective for solving the standby power consumption. method.
  • the existing switching power supply all contains a power management chip.
  • the commonly used method is to set a high-voltage current source switch in the chip, and turn off the switch when the switching power supply starts normally, but this increases The process difficulty of the power chip also increases the cost of the power management chip.
  • the rectification and filtering circuit in the existing power supply may generate a huge filter capacitor charging current at the moment when the power is turned on, and this large current will reduce the service life of the filter electrolytic capacitor, the power switch, and the power plug and the socket, and exchange the AC power. Produces serious pollution.
  • the measures that can be taken are: Adding an inductor coil or an inrush current limiting resistor to the filter loop. Due to the cost, weight and volume limitation of the inductor coil, the inductor coil is used only in special requirements. A solution to limit surge charging current.
  • a simpler solution is to use a series thermistor or a common resistor current limit and short-circuit the resistor after the end of power-up with a relay, thyristor or other electronic switch.
  • generally low-power electronic devices basically do not consider limiting the surge charging current limiting measures.
  • Some electronic devices simply cancel the power switch, and only use the tact switch to turn the power on and off.
  • the power plug When the power plug is plugged or unplugged, it may cause multiple times of power-on of the rectifying and filtering circuit, that is, multiple times in a short time.
  • the large current surge which actually sacrifices the lifetime of the filter electrolytic capacitor and other electrical components, on the other hand, also puts higher requirements on standby power consumption.
  • the present invention provides a power supply with a micro power consumption (near zero power consumption), which is not consumed by the host circuit when the device is in the standby state. Any power, and the power consumption of the power supply is reduced to an almost negligible level (minimum microwatt-level power consumption), and the device is in a state of waiting for the start signal and can be restarted at any time.
  • a micro power consumption near zero power consumption
  • the micro power standby power supply of the present invention is an isolated power supply, a capacitor buck rectification filter power supply, and a standby control circuit. composition.
  • the ⁇ electrically isolated power supply provides the current required for the operation of the host circuit of the device;
  • the standby control circuit controls the ⁇ electrically isolated power supply to stop working, and the standby task of the device is completely completed by the standby control circuit;
  • the standby control circuit Working in an area that is not isolated from the ⁇ , its operating current is provided by a capacitor buck rectification filter power supply.
  • the micro-power standby power supply of the present invention is a hybrid power supply system including a standby control circuit for processing a standby/start signal function, a capacitor buck rectification filter power supply, and a neon-isolated power supply, so it is called "having micro power consumption”.
  • Standby function allows the power to be turned on.”
  • the standby function is executed and completed by the main circuit, and the capacitive power supply with the micro power standby function of the present invention is executed by the standby circuit in the power supply and performs the standby function.
  • the method for stopping the operation of the ⁇ -isolated power supply when the capacity-capable power supply with the micro-power standby function enters the standby state has various options, and the commonly used control switch tube is stopped to operate; controlling the thyristor bridge rectifier circuit To stop working; control the unidirectional thyristor behind the bridge rectifier or the relay or triac that controls the ⁇ input to stop the mains isolation power supply.
  • the standby circuit of the power-capable power supply with the micro-power standby function of the present invention can exchange standby and power-on data with the host before the standby function is started and after returning to the normal working state.
  • the invention can use the low voltage switching power supply management chip operating in the capacitor buck rectification filter power supply to control the switching tube operation of the host switching power supply, and can realize the power-on soft start of the switch tube without the power-on resistance, and normal Switch state control and switch tube protection.
  • the present invention provides a double pulse transformer circuit. With this circuit, the shutdown (standby) or startup of the device can be achieved with a common low-voltage push-button switch.
  • the present invention provides a method for calibrating the internal time reference of a standby control chip with the frequency of the AC power: Calculating the number of internal oscillations corresponding to the required time interval using the period of the alternating current. A higher time reference can be obtained without using a quartz crystal oscillator, which is advantageous for simplifying the circuit and reducing the cost.
  • the switching power supply management chip provided by the invention is a low voltage process chip, and thus has the characteristics of low cost and high reliability.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a structure of a capacitive power supply with a micro power standby function
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a switch-controlled galvanically isolated power supply with a power-storing power supply with a micro-power standby function
  • FIG. 3 is a thyristor bridge rectifier circuit with a micro-power standby function for controlling a sigma-isolated power supply. Schematic diagram of the embodiment
  • Figure 4 is a waveform diagram of the thyristor rectifier filter circuit when it is powered on
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a relay switch control ⁇ electrically isolated power supply with a power consumption standby function
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a bidirectional thyristor controlled ⁇ electrically isolated power supply with a power-storing power supply with a micro power standby function;
  • 6A is an exemplary embodiment of a unidirectional thyristor controlled mains isolated power supply having a power consumption standby function
  • 6B is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a thyristor bridge rectifier circuit for controlling a galvanically isolated power supply with a power consumption standby function;
  • Figure 7 is a double pulse transformer signal coupling circuit for a tact switch to activate a standby control circuit
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a switching power supply of a micro power standby power management chip
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a micro power standby circuit of an infrared remote control television
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram 1 of a fax machine micro power standby circuit embodiment
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a schematic diagram of a micro-power standby circuit of a fax machine; 12 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a computer power supply micro power standby circuit;
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a computer monitor micro power standby circuit
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a printer micro power standby circuit
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a charger micropower standby circuit. detailed description
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the structure of a power-capable power supply with a micro-power standby function according to the present invention.
  • the capacitor-on power supply is an isolated power supply (currently, high-efficiency switching power supplies are selected for general electronic equipment), and capacitance is lowered.
  • the voltage rectification and filtering power supply and the standby control circuit are composed.
  • the isolated power supply provides the power required by the host; when the host is in the standby state, the standby control circuit receives the standby signal from the host circuit or the external, and after receiving the automatic timing, the control is completely isolated.
  • the host circuit stops working because there is no power supply, and waits for the standby start signal to be handed over to the standby control circuit.
  • the standby control circuit When the standby control circuit receives the signal to resume operation, it will start the ⁇ electrically isolated power supply to enter the working state, and then the host circuit also returns to the working state, and the standby control circuit can also send the information received during the standby to the host circuit. .
  • An important feature of the present invention is that the standby task is not completed by the host circuit, but by a standby control circuit provided in the power supply.
  • the operating current in the standby (SLEEP) state of modern large-scale CMOS integrated circuits can be reduced to a few ⁇ , even one ⁇ or less, but these ⁇ currents are provided through an isolated power supply, although the standby power of the circuit is only a few micro Watt (W), but the power consumption of the isolated power supply itself is much greater than the output power.
  • the power supply of the standby control circuit is supplied by a capacitive buck rectification filter power supply.
  • Capacitor buck rectification and filtering power supply includes capacitor step-down circuit.
  • Capacitor step-down circuit has high output efficiency due to the small active consumption of the capacitor itself; and because the standby chip in the standby control circuit has a very small operating current during standby, several hundred PF is used. Even tens of PF high-voltage small-capacity step-down capacitors can provide the current required by the standby control circuit. The effect of such small capacitance on the power factor of the mains supply is small, so the power consumption of the capacitor buck circuit Low, simple circuit, low cost, small size, and high output efficiency.
  • the ⁇ -isolated power supply can use a high-efficiency switching power supply.
  • the switching power supply When the power supply outputs high current and high power, the switching power supply outputs energy.
  • the standby control circuit When the host enters the standby state, the host will issue a command to the standby control circuit to turn off the switching power supply. Therefore, The switching power supply will not generate any power consumption, and the host circuit does not consume any power.
  • the host hands the standby standby task to the standby control circuit in the power supply.
  • the standby control circuit includes a standby chip, and the standby processing circuit will operate in the standby (SLEEP) state and is ready to receive a signal to restart the recovery operation.
  • the working current of the standby control circuit is provided by the capacitor buck rectification and filtering power supply.
  • the standby control circuit Since the capacitor buck rectification and filtering power supply hardly consumes the active power, only the standby control circuit consumes electric energy, and it is easy to consume a few W.
  • the standby control circuit receives the start signal, and outputs a signal to activate the switching power supply, so that the switching power supply enters the working state, and then the host circuit resumes normal operation.
  • the capacity-opening power supply with the micro-power standby function fully utilizes the high efficiency of the switching power supply at the high power output, and the absolute loss of the capacitor step-down circuit is small, and the standby circuit is transferred to the non-isolated power supply area, which is fully integrated here.
  • the CMOS low-power IC has a small operating current and the capacitor step-down circuit provides the advantages of small current consumption, low capacitance, and low volume, and since the capacitance of the access is small, there is almost no power factor for the AC power supply. The advantages of influence. The advantages of several circuits are combined to achieve the perfect combination.
  • the switch tube T1 and the transformers L1, L2, L3 and the diodes D1, D2, D3 constitute the simplest switching power supply
  • the step-down capacitor Cl, the bridge rectifier Q, the Zener diode D4 and the filter capacitor C2 constitute a capacitor step-down rectifier
  • the standby control circuit is composed of a bistable circuit, an optocoupler N1 and an optocoupler N2, and a transistor T2.
  • the bistable circuit When the host circuit works normally, the bistable circuit outputs a high level, the optocoupler N2 is turned on, T2 is turned off, and the switching power supply works normally.
  • the optocoupler N1 receives the host or external standby signal, the bistable circuit outputs a low level, the optocoupler N2 is turned off, T2 is turned on, the switch T1 will stop working, and the switching power supply has no output. Therefore, the host circuit and the host power supply do not consume any energy during standby.
  • the capacitor buck rectifier circuit can also use a half-wave rectification circuit. When the start signal arrives, the bistable circuit outputs a high level, the switching power supply resumes operation, and the host circuit resumes operation.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of controlling a mains isolated power supply using a thyristor bridge rectifier circuit.
  • Thyristor bridge rectifier circuits have been widely used in circuits that control resistive and inductive loads.
  • the thyristor in the bridge rectifier circuit in the normal working state of the ⁇ -isolated power supply, is equivalent to a diode, and is actually turned on only near the peak of the alternating current.
  • the thyristor trigger pulse output terminal 5 of the standby chip in the standby circuit continuously sends a trigger pulse, and is applied to the control pole of the unidirectional thyristor S through the pulse transformer B2.
  • the thyristor with the forward voltage turns on, charging the filter capacitor C;
  • the standby chip receives the standby signal through the optocoupler N1, it will stop issuing controllable
  • the working current of the standby control circuit is provided by the capacitor step-down full-wave rectifier circuit, and the thyristor plays a switching role.
  • the problem to be solved here is that when the voltage on the filter capacitor is zero, how to prevent the thyristor from being excessively burned by the current of the thyristor, the method implemented by the present invention controls the conduction time of the thyristor.
  • the charging voltage on the filter capacitor is divided into several cycles to reach the normal working voltage, that is, the charging current in each cycle is controlled until the filter capacitor enters the normal working state.
  • Figure 4 shows that the thyristor rectifier filter circuit is turned on. At the moment of the AC power supply, the timing relationship between the external AC power, the trigger pulse of the thyristor, and the charging voltage of the filter capacitor.
  • Figure 4a is an applied AC voltage waveform with an effective value of 220V and a period of 20mS.
  • Figure 4b shows the timing of the thyristor trigger pulse output from the microcontroller.
  • the period of the pulse is less than the period of the AC. If the filter capacitor is to be used within 50 cycles.
  • the voltage from 0 to the maximum value Um of the AC voltage, the period of the trigger pulse can be set to 9.95mS, and the first pulse at the start of the current pulse appears at 9.95mS, that is, 50 points before the AC voltage crosses zero, and the corresponding AC voltage instantaneous value is 4.87V. That is, the pulse voltage equivalent to 4.87V charges the filter capacitor whose initial voltage is zero.
  • the ESR equivalent series resistance
  • the peak current of charging will not exceed 5.9A. Since the trigger is selected in the falling phase of the AC, the charging current drops rapidly.
  • the second trigger pulse appears at 19.90mS, that is, 100 points before the AC voltage crosses zero.
  • the corresponding AC voltage instantaneous value is 9.74V.
  • the filter capacitor passes through the upper half of the cycle and has a certain voltage. The instantaneous charging current is Not too big.
  • FIG. 4c is a waveform diagram of the corresponding filter capacitor charging voltage. It can be seen that the charging voltage on the filter capacitor is gradually rising. Using the pulse timing shown in Fig. 4, it is possible to limit the inrush current at the time of power-on. It is easy to implement such a pulse with a single chip microcomputer or a digital integrated circuit, and therefore will not be described in detail herein.
  • the trigger of the thyristor can be either an optocoupler or a transformer.
  • the transformer trigger mode is used.
  • the standby control circuit is mainly composed of a standby chip, a unidirectional thyristor S, a pulse transformer B2 and an optocoupler N1. Its task is to trigger the thyristor, receive and recognize the standby and start signals, and control whether the galvanically isolated power supply works.
  • the standby chip can be a single chip microcomputer or can be made into a dedicated circuit to reduce the cost.
  • the thyristor trigger pulse shown in Figure 4b is a pulse group with constant period. This pulse can effectively reduce the surge charging current of the filter capacitor at power-on, but it cannot guarantee the charging current in each charging cycle. The same time.
  • the optimal cycle of the thyristor trigger pulse can be obtained to ensure that the filter capacitor can be uniformly charged every cycle.
  • 50 Hz alternating current is used, and for other frequencies and voltages, the alternating current can be started by using different pulse periods and number of pulses.
  • the standby control circuit When the standby control circuit receives the start signal, the standby chip will control the thyristor to gradually extend the conduction time in several cycles until the rectifier filter circuit works normally, and the AC synchronization signal is applied to the input terminal 6 of the standby circuit to ensure standby.
  • the trigger signal provided by the control signal accurately controls the conduction time of the thyristor.
  • the advantages of using a thyristor bridge rectifier to control the ⁇ -isolated power supply are as follows: 1.
  • the switch When the switch is used to control the ⁇ -isolated power supply, when the switch is turned off, the rectifier circuit and transistor T2 are actually turned on. Still in working state, the leakage currents of the resistors Rl, R2 and the filter capacitor will also generate a part of the power consumption, and the thyristor full wave
  • the rectifier circuit is not working, the rectifier filter circuit and the switching power supply do not consume power. 2
  • the filter capacitor C is in the working state for a long time, which will reduce the service life of the capacitor. Actually, the capacitor is fully charged.
  • Capacitor has the worst anti-pulse breakdown capability, which is one of the main reasons for the early failure of the filter capacitor in the grid with serious power pollution.
  • the thyristor bridge rectifier circuit of this embodiment can avoid this problem.
  • the thyristor full-wave bridge rectifier circuit of the present invention controls the electrolytic capacitor at the initial stage of power-on.
  • the charging current can extend the life of the electrolytic capacitor. Therefore, the use of thyristor shutdown bridge rectifier circuit can greatly extend the service life of the filter capacitor, which will be the development direction of the full-wave rectifier filter circuit.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the on-off power supply with a relay to control the on/off of the ⁇ -isolated power supply.
  • a relay J is added to the input of the electric power, and the relay has the advantage that the power can be reliably cut off.
  • Figure 6 shows the scheme of controlling the on/off of the ⁇ -isolated power supply by using the triac thyristor at the input terminal of the ⁇ -isolated power supply.
  • Figure 6 shows the step-down capacitor C1, diodes D1 and D2, Zener diode ZD and filter capacitor.
  • C2 constitutes a half-wave rectification filter circuit, which constitutes a capacitor buck rectifier filter power supply.
  • the standby chip, optocoupler N1 and bidirectional thyristor BCR form a standby control circuit.
  • the advantage of this scheme over the thyristor full-wave bridge rectifier circuit is: Due to the use of the capacitor step-down half-wave rectification filter circuit and the triggering of the triac, the trigger circuit of the thyristor is simple, and the standby chip thyristor The trigger pulse output 5 can be directly connected to the control pole of the triac BCR, which improves the trigger reliability and reduces the trigger power.
  • the power input of the ⁇ -isolated power supply is completely cut off in the standby state, and the utility model has the characteristics of small volume and low cost. Therefore, it can be made into a separate module circuit to easily modify various existing electronic devices to achieve energy saving purposes.
  • the turn-on time of the triac needs to be controlled at the instant when the triac is turned on, that is, the triac is turned on in each cycle at startup. The time is gradually increased to prevent the triac from being burnt due to the charging current of the filter capacitor.
  • FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram of the principle of using a unidirectional thyristor, and is also unidirectionally controllable. Silicon serves two purposes: one is to cut off the input of the main power supply during standby, and the other is to limit the surge charging current of the filter capacitor when the main power is turned on.
  • the advantages of using a unidirectional thyristor are:
  • the triggering power of the thyristor is smaller than the triac and the cost is lower, but the trigger circuit is more complicated, and the trigger signal needs to be transmitted by the transformer or the optocoupler, so the unidirectional thyristor is used.
  • the solution is more suitable for high voltage, high power applications.
  • Figure 6B shows a thyristor bridge rectifier circuit controlled by a unidirectional thyristor and a triac.
  • the standby chip, the optocoupler N1, the unidirectional thyristor S and the triac BCR constitute a standby control circuit, and the capacitor step-down half-wave rectification filter power supply provides the operating current of the standby control circuit.
  • the thyristor trigger pulse output terminals 5 and 7 of the standby chip alternately turn on the bidirectional thyristor BCR and the unidirectional thyristor S to ensure the bidirectional thyristor BCR and one-way controllable.
  • the bridge rectifier circuit consisting of silicon S and diodes D1 and D2 works normally.
  • the standby chip stops transmitting the thyristor trigger pulse, the triac BCR and the unidirectional thyristor S are turned off, and the switching power supply also stops working.
  • the standby chip receives the power-on signal from the optocoupler N1, it will trigger the thyristor bidirectional BCR and the unidirectional thyristor S to restore the bridge rectifier circuit to the working state.
  • the standby chip needs to control the conduction time of the triac BCR and the unidirectional thyristor S in each cycle to gradually limit each.
  • the charging current during the cycle In the process of controlling the power-on of the filter capacitor C, the gradual charging of the filter capacitor can also be realized by using the standby chip to trigger only the unidirectional thyristor S. After the power-on process of the filter capacitor is completed, the standby chip rotation control is bidirectionally controllable.
  • the BCR and the unidirectional thyristor S conduct to make the rectifier circuit work normally.
  • low-voltage switches such as membrane switches or microswitches are often used to turn the device on or off. Since these switches are low-voltage switches that do not have electrical isolation, they cannot be directly connected to the standby control circuit that houses the power supply. Control the standby or startup of the electronic device.
  • 7 is a schematic diagram of a method for controlling a standby control circuit of the present invention with a conventional low voltage switch or button to achieve the function of starting or shutting down an electronic device with a low voltage switch, and the low voltage switch or button cannot directly operate the standby control.
  • the circuit must be controlled by the pulse transformer circuit to control the standby control circuit.
  • a double pulse transformer circuit composed of pulse transformers Bl and B2 is used to control the standby control circuit.
  • the signal input coil L11 of the pulse transformer B1 is connected to the signal output end 1 of the standby chip for the signal input end, and the signal output coil L21 of the pulse transformer B2 is connected to the standby chip signal input terminal 2 for the signal output end, only in the signal transmission coil L12 and In the case where the L22 forms a loop, the signal can reach the output from the input.
  • the signal transmission coils L12 and L22 have sufficient dielectric strength between the signal input coil L11 and the signal output coil L21 to ensure that there is no risk of electric shock when contacting the signal transmission coils L12 and L22.
  • the signal output terminal 1 of the standby chip continuously sends a pulse signal.
  • the signal transmission coils L12 and L22 cannot form a loop, the signal input terminal 2 of the standby chip cannot receive the signal, and the chip does not operate. Once the switch K is pressed, the signal transmission coil forms a loop.
  • the standby chip signal input terminal 2 receives the pulse signal, and the chip can execute the start or standby command.
  • the pulse signal emitted at the standby chip signal output terminal 1 may be an encoded signal to prevent the signal input terminal 2 from receiving a malfunction signal.
  • the pulse signal from the standby chip can be a pulse with a small duty cycle to ensure that the chip consumes little power while in standby.
  • the standby control circuit needs a relatively accurate time reference when receiving the infrared remote control signal and the rectifier filter circuit to start the thyristor.
  • the general single chip microcomputer uses the quartz crystal oscillator to provide an accurate time reference, and in the present invention In the micro-power standby power system, AC 50Hz can be used as the time reference. After a large number of experiments, the cycle of AC power as a time reference can fully meet the requirements of identifying the time base of the infrared remote control signal and triggering the thyristor startup rectifier filter circuit. .
  • the absence of a quartz crystal simplifies the circuit and reduces the cost of the circuit.
  • the mains AC As the time base of the standby chip.
  • the internal oscillation of the chip is RC oscillation. The oscillation frequency will change with time, temperature and working voltage. When the frequency changes, the internal resistance of the oscillator or the operating voltage of the oscillator can be adjusted. The oscillation frequency of the internal clock of the chip is adjusted to the initial setting value, and most of the current MCUs have this function.
  • Another method is to count the internal clock oscillation of the chip with a cycle of 50 Hz alternating current, calculate the clock cycle required for one or several time references, and measure and calculate before each time reference is used, although the internal clock oscillates.
  • the frequency will change with time, but it should be very stable in a short time, so the time reference of the chip is measured and calculated before use, and then used immediately, it should be very accurate. Comparing the above two methods, if the time reference used is very close to the oscillation period of the clock, the first method is relatively simple; if the time reference used is hundreds or thousands of times the internal clock period, then the second is used. The method is more accurate and stable.
  • the clock period of the standby chip is in the microsecond level, and the time base used is above the millisecond, so it is better to use the second scheme.
  • ⁇ Electrical isolated power supply can use switching power supply, and switching power supply is developing towards the use of power management chip.
  • Using power management chip can make switching power supply have soft start, change frequency and over-current, over-voltage and under-voltage protection.
  • the power management chip has set a 500V high-voltage current source or high-voltage switch in the chip.
  • the function of the switching power supply management can also be added to form a power management chip.
  • the so-called management is to make the switching power supply have functions such as soft start, frequency change, over current, over voltage and under voltage protection.
  • the advantage of this is that the switching power management function of the previous high voltage IC is realized by the low voltage IC.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a switching power supply of a power consumption management chip of a micro power standby.
  • Cl, Dl, D2, ZD, C2 form a capacitor buck rectification filter power supply, providing standby power supply;
  • power management chip, N2 and triac BCR complete standby control function;
  • power management chip, pulse transformer B2, optocoupler N1 And N3 completes the power management function of the switching power supply.
  • the characteristic of this power supply is that there is no power-on resistance, the power management chip and the host switching power supply are not shared, and the host switching power supply stops working completely during standby.
  • the power management chip When the power is turned on, the power management chip provides the pulse of the thyristor S start, so that the rectifier filter circuit of the host switching power supply composed of the diode D5-D8 and the filter capacitor C enters the normal operation; meanwhile, the gate signal output of the switch tube of the power management chip
  • the terminal 3 provides a pulse for turning on the switch tube T1 through the pulse voltage device B2, so that the soft start of the switch tube can enter the working state.
  • the optocoupler N1 When the switching power supply is working normally, the optocoupler N1 will detect the switching power supply.
  • the output voltage signal is sent to the signal input terminal 4 of the power management chip.
  • the on-time of the switch tube is controlled to achieve the purpose of voltage regulation.
  • the optocoupler N3 is connected in parallel across the source resistance of the switch tube T1 to detect the operating current of the switch tube, and the current signal is sent to the power management chip.
  • the power management chip controls the switching power supply to operate at the optimal frequency according to different loads.
  • the overcurrent protection of the switch tube is performed; the operating current of the power management chip is mainly provided by the coil L3 of the pulse transformer and the diode D4, and the power management chip detects the working voltage of the switching power supply through the power port 1, and can overvoltage the switch tube or Undervoltage protection, the above various management functions for the switching power supply are realized by adjusting the operating pulse frequency and the on-time of the switching transistor T1 by adjusting the width of the output pulse of the signal output terminal 3.
  • the power management chip stops transmitting the bidirectional thyristor BCR trigger pulse and the switch tube T1 gate conduction pulse, and the corresponding bridge rectification filter circuit and the main switching power supply both stop working, the power management chip
  • the operating current is provided by a capacitive buck rectification filter power supply, and the power management chip waits for a power-on signal.
  • the power management chip of the present invention actually uses a capacitor buck rectification filter power supply as an auxiliary power source to supply power to the host switching power supply, so that the power consumption of the power-on resistor is solved by the low-voltage power management chip.
  • the low-voltage chip has the advantage of low cost, which makes it easier to popularize the power management chip and improve the output efficiency of the switching power supply.
  • FIG. 9 is an embodiment of the micro power standby standby power supply of the present invention applied to an infrared remote control television set.
  • the standby chip, the bidirectional thyristor BCR, the infrared signal receiving module M, the optocoupler N1, the double pulse transformers B1 and B2 form a standby control circuit, and the bidirectional thyristor BCR is connected in front of the bridge rectifying and filtering circuit for cutting off during standby.
  • the ⁇ electric AC input of the main switching power supply is equivalent to the function of the power switch.
  • the capacitor step-down half-wave rectification filter power supply provides the operating current of the standby chip and the infrared remote control signal receiving module.
  • the infrared receiving module When the infrared receiving module receives the infrared remote control signal, it outputs to the infrared signal input terminal 4 of the standby chip, and the standby chip decodes it and determines whether it is a power-on signal. If it is a power-on signal, the host switching power supply rectification and filtering circuit is executed. During the power-on procedure, the thyristor trigger pulse output terminal 5 of the standby chip outputs a trigger pulse, and the on-time of the thyristor BCR is controlled to increase gradually in each cycle in several cycles, thereby preventing the filter capacitor from being subjected to a large charging current.
  • the thyristor trigger pulse output terminal 5 of the standby chip sends a thyristor trigger pulse group within 2 mS before the peak of the AC peak, thereby ensuring that the thyristor can be turned on in each cycle, thereby switching
  • the power supply works normally and the TV is in normal working condition.
  • the infrared remote control signal is sent to the infrared signal input end 4 of the standby chip, and is received by the infrared signal output terminal 8 and sent to the infrared signal receiving of the MCU chip in the television set through the optocoupler N1. end.
  • the thyristor trigger output terminal 5 of the standby chip When the infrared receiving module receives the shutdown signal, the thyristor trigger output terminal 5 of the standby chip will stop transmitting the thyristor trigger signal, and the two-way thyristor BCR stops working, and at the same time, the switching power supply and the television also stop working, the television Enter the standby state.
  • the TV can be turned on or off by the touch switch K.
  • the standby signal output terminal 1 of the standby chip continuously emits pulses. When the tact switch K is pressed, the pulse signal will reach the standby signal of the standby chip through the pulse transformers B1 and B2.
  • the standby signal output terminal 1 can change the time or change the pulse width and send a set of pulses. After confirming that the tact switch K is pressed, the two-way controllable can be started. Silicon BCR.
  • the standby chip uses a single chip microcomputer, and the operating current of the single chip microcomputer and the infrared receiving module is 2 mA, and the operating voltage is 4 V, so the power consumption during standby is 8 mW.
  • This circuit is also suitable for infrared remote control of various household appliances such as DVDs, set-top boxes, air conditioners, home theaters, etc.
  • the power switch can be omitted, and the effect of basically no power consumption during standby is achieved, which is greatly convenient for the user.
  • the standby control circuit is mainly composed of a standby chip, a triac BCR, optocouplers N1 and N2, and pulse transformers B1 and B2.
  • a standby chip a triac BCR
  • optocouplers N1 and N2 optocouplers
  • pulse transformers B1 and B2 When the ringing signal of the telephone line arrives, it is applied to the standby signal input terminal 2 of the standby chip through the pulse transformer B2.
  • the thyristor trigger output terminal 5 issues a thyristor start signal, Passing the AC input of the main switch power supply, the main switch power supply enters the normal working state, the fax machine also quickly enters the working state for 1-2 seconds, exchanges signals with the telephone line, starts to receive the fax, and the fax main control circuit sends out the standby after the fax ends.
  • the signal passes through the optocoupler N2 to the standby signal input terminal 3 of the standby chip.
  • the standby chip confirms that it is the standby signal, the one-way thyristor S is turned off to put the fax machine into the standby state.
  • the switch When the fax is to be sent, the switch is turned off and the off-hook switch K is pressed or the hands-free button is pressed, the signal transmission end of the pulse transformers B1 and B2 is turned on, and the pulse generated by the standby signal output terminal 1 of the standby chip passes through the pulse transformer Bl. B2 reaches the signal input terminal 2 of the standby chip, and starts the standby chip.
  • the fax machine can also enter the working state. After the fax ends, the standby chip receives the standby signal and returns to the standby state.
  • the standby chip in these embodiments can be implemented by a single chip microcomputer, and the input and output ports of the single chip can be set as needed.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the micro power standby circuit for the fax machine, since the standby chip is used by the telephone.
  • the standby chip can not directly control the thyristor and the thyristor is triggered by a pulse transformer B2.
  • the function of the pulse transformer B1 is to provide the standby chip with a synchronous signal of the AC power to provide a time reference.
  • the unidirectional thyristor is used in this embodiment in order to reduce the operating current of the standby chip to reduce the current consumed from the telephone line.
  • the standby control circuit is composed of a standby chip, a triac BCR, optocouplers N1 and N2, and dual pulse transformers B1 and B2.
  • the power-on button K1 set on the computer main body can turn on the startup signal on the standby chip, thereby starting the host switching power supply.
  • the present invention also provides a scheme for starting a computer through a special button on a computer keyboard or a mouse: a 5V power line of a keyboard or a mouse is connected in parallel to the signal transmission coil of the double pulse transformers Bl and B2, and the dedicated on the keyboard is pressed.
  • the switch K2 completes the transmission of the start signal by forming a pulse signal path, and the one-way thyristor S in the keyboard is non-conductive when the main switch power supply is not working, to prevent standby from being formed.
  • the circuit of the start signal when the main switch power supply is started, the one-way thyristor S is turned on to provide the +5V power required for the keyboard operation.
  • the standby chip receives the shutdown signal of the computer motherboard through N1, and the standby control circuit cuts off the AC power input of the host switching power supply, so that the computer enters the shutdown state.
  • the standby chip determines that it is the shutdown signal, the shutdown can be achieved.
  • the current computer has the function of remote signal control, that is, the power signal can be turned on or off.
  • the remote power-on or power-off signal reaches the input end of the optocoupler N2, it is sent from the N2 output terminal to the standby chip, and can be executed after being recognized. Power on or off signal.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a micropower standby circuit for a computer monitor.
  • the computer monitor When the computer is in standby, hibernation, shutdown, or the video cable is not plugged in, the computer monitor does not receive the line and field sync signals, and the monitor enters the standby state. When the standby chip detects the field sync signal, it immediately resumes working. It is also convenient to switch the monitor using the power switch on the monitor. In fact, if there is no video signal from the computer, even if the power button is pressed, the monitor will display "No computer signal", and then display the monitor after a certain time. Go back to the standby (power off) state. The use of such a monitor would be very convenient and energy efficient.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a micropower standby circuit for a printer.
  • a printer can be online at any time, as long as there is a computer print signal to start the printer to complete the print job.
  • the same principle can be applied to computer peripherals such as scanners.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a charger with micropower standby and charge current control.
  • the power management chip, the two-way thyristor BCR, the pulse transformers B1, and B2 complete the function of the standby control circuit.
  • the power management chip standby signal input terminal 2 does not receive the standby signal output terminal. 7 pulses, the triac BCR is not conducting, and the charger switching power supply stops working.
  • a standby pulse circuit is formed, the bidirectional thyristor BCR is turned on, the rectifier circuit composed of the diodes D1-D4 works, and the pulse output from the power management chip port 3 is applied to the switch through the pulse transformer B3.
  • the switching power supply starts to work.
  • the operational amplifier A and the resistor R form a charging current sampling circuit, and feed back the charging current signal to the input terminal 4 of the power management chip.
  • the power management chip controls the switching tube T1 to ensure that the switching power supply outputs the most suitable charging current.
  • the use of such a charger can greatly extend the life of the rechargeable battery. When the battery is fully charged, the charging current tends to zero, and the power management chip will control the triac BCR to put the charger into standby.
  • the open-capacity power supply with the micro-power standby function is a new development under the energy-saving requirements of the power supply system of the electronic device, and the intelligent electronic device is used in a large amount in our daily work and life, and the processing speed of the electronic device Faster, and require electronic devices to serve people around the clock. Electronic devices spend more time working in standby mode.
  • the standby power consumption of devices has become a problem that cannot be ignored. Only the processing circuit of the electronic device Separate from the standby circuit and use different power supply methods to effectively minimize standby power consumption.
  • the power system is used in household electronic devices such as televisions, video players, video recorders, home theaters, etc., after the remote control is turned off, the AC shutdown of the household appliances is truly realized, and the remote controller can be used to restart the machine; used on the fax machine to fax when there is no fax signal.
  • the machine does not consume power, and the fax machine is automatically turned on when there is a fax signal.
  • the electronic equipment that works in the standby state will save energy to the greatest extent; on computer peripherals such as printers, scanners, monitors, etc.
  • the power supply system of the present invention it is possible to easily control the computer peripherals to enter a standby state with almost no power consumption when not in use, and to receive computer commands to return to the working state at any time. This not only saves energy but is more user-friendly.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

Alimentation électrique commutée par condensateur possédant une fonction d'attente consommant peu de courant et comprenant une alimentation électrique (2) isolée du secteur, un circuit de contrôle d'attente (6) et un redresseur abaisseur de condensateur, ainsi qu'une alimentation électrique de filtre (5). L'alimentation électrique (2) isolée du secteur alimente en un courant nécessaire un circuit principal de dispositif, le circuit de contrôle d'attente (6) reçoit un signal d'attente/marche et contrôle la marche/arrêt de l'alimentation (2) isolée du secteur et le redresseur abaisseur du condensateur, et l'alimentation électrique de filtre (5) alimente le circuit de contrôle d'attente (6) en courant opérationnel.
PCT/CN2007/000388 2006-02-05 2007-02-05 Alimentation électrique commutée par condensateur possédant une fonction d'attente économe en consommation de courant WO2007087756A1 (fr)

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FR2932617A1 (fr) * 2008-06-12 2009-12-18 Somfy Sas Circuit d'alimentation electrique d'une unite de commande d'une installation domotique.
WO2010114046A1 (fr) 2009-03-31 2010-10-07 Toto株式会社 Pile à combustible à électrolyte solide
WO2010114045A1 (fr) 2009-03-31 2010-10-07 Toto株式会社 Pile à combustible à électrolyte solide
CN107015513A (zh) * 2017-06-06 2017-08-04 浙江绍兴苏泊尔生活电器有限公司 控制电路、家用电器和家用电器的供电方法
CN113129619A (zh) * 2021-05-12 2021-07-16 广东华络电子科技有限公司 一种安全信号灯控制***和方法
CN113224941A (zh) * 2021-05-31 2021-08-06 康佳集团股份有限公司 一种待机电压控制电路和开关电源

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EP2068433A1 (fr) * 2007-11-27 2009-06-10 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Alimentation électrique capacitive et dispositif électronique doté d'une alimentation électrique capacitive
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FR2932617A1 (fr) * 2008-06-12 2009-12-18 Somfy Sas Circuit d'alimentation electrique d'une unite de commande d'une installation domotique.
EP2133977A3 (fr) * 2008-06-12 2013-12-18 Somfy SAS Circuit d'alimentation électrique d'une unité de commande d'une installation domotique
WO2010114046A1 (fr) 2009-03-31 2010-10-07 Toto株式会社 Pile à combustible à électrolyte solide
WO2010114045A1 (fr) 2009-03-31 2010-10-07 Toto株式会社 Pile à combustible à électrolyte solide
CN107015513A (zh) * 2017-06-06 2017-08-04 浙江绍兴苏泊尔生活电器有限公司 控制电路、家用电器和家用电器的供电方法
CN113129619A (zh) * 2021-05-12 2021-07-16 广东华络电子科技有限公司 一种安全信号灯控制***和方法
CN113129619B (zh) * 2021-05-12 2023-10-24 广东华络电子科技有限公司 一种安全信号灯控制***和方法
CN113224941A (zh) * 2021-05-31 2021-08-06 康佳集团股份有限公司 一种待机电压控制电路和开关电源

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