WO2007062584A1 - A high-speed dynamic detecting device of non-contact type - Google Patents

A high-speed dynamic detecting device of non-contact type Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007062584A1
WO2007062584A1 PCT/CN2006/003208 CN2006003208W WO2007062584A1 WO 2007062584 A1 WO2007062584 A1 WO 2007062584A1 CN 2006003208 W CN2006003208 W CN 2006003208W WO 2007062584 A1 WO2007062584 A1 WO 2007062584A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
camera
speed
light source
speed dynamic
computer
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PCT/CN2006/003208
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Youfu Tang
Ting Zhu
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Shanghai Railway Bureau Technology Center
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Publication of WO2007062584A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007062584A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
    • B61K9/08—Measuring installations for surveying permanent way
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L23/00—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains
    • B61L23/04—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains for monitoring the mechanical state of the route
    • B61L23/042—Track changes detection
    • B61L23/047—Track or rail movements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L23/00—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains
    • B61L23/04—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains for monitoring the mechanical state of the route
    • B61L23/042—Track changes detection
    • B61L23/048—Road bed changes, e.g. road bed erosion

Definitions

  • Non-contact CCD high-speed dynamic detecting device
  • the utility model relates to the technical field of railway transportation, in particular to a non-contact CCD high-speed dynamic detecting device.
  • the detection of parameters such as contact line wear, rail tread wear and gauge distance still uses the traditional detection method to measure the wear level of the contact line and the various indexes of the rail in the case of the contact line being de-energized and occupying the construction sunroof.
  • this kind of manpower and material resources, and the small number of sampling points leading to human error has not adapted to the requirements of contemporary railway development.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a non-contact CCD high-speed dynamic detecting device according to the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, which adopts a field effect charge coupled line array CCD high speed camera suitable for detecting the outer shape of a high speed moving object and
  • the LED light-emitting diode array light source makes the detection and collection density high and the detection result is accurate.
  • the utility model is composed of a camera, an illumination source and a computer measurement and control processing device, wherein the camera and the illumination source are respectively connected with the computer measurement and control processing device.
  • the camera uses a field effect charge coupled line array CCD high speed camera, and the illumination source uses a surface array light source composed of static LED super bright LEDs.
  • the utility model has the advantages that the contact net can not be powered off during the detection process, does not occupy the skylight, does not disturb the complicated transportation order, and the train can be tested under the high-speed running state, and the detection result is accurate.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the detection of the utility model
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the detection of the rails in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a user software system module of an embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an imaging process of an embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an image parsing process of an embodiment
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the GPS positioning process of the embodiment.
  • Embodiment h Referring to Figure 1, this embodiment is directed to non-contact dynamic detection of rail contact line wear.
  • the embodiment is composed of two field effect charge coupled line array CCD high speed cameras 2, 3, LED light emitting diode surface array light source 6, measuring and controlling computer 5, data processing computer 4, which are suitable for detecting the shape of high speed moving objects, wherein two high speed cameras 2, 3 and LED light-emitting diode light source 6 and the measurement and control computer 5 are connected by a network card, the network card includes an LED light source control card, a data acquisition card, a GPS data acquisition card, etc., and the measurement and control computer 5 and the data processing computer 4 are connected to form a computer. Measurement and control processing equipment. The whole process control principle flow is shown in Figure 4-7.
  • the front desk is a measurement and control computer 5, which is responsible for the CCD camera.
  • Line Array CCD camera 2, 3 required camera control signals and camera image output signals require a special data acquisition card and measurement and control computer 5 connection.
  • the illumination source 6 used in this embodiment is a surface array light source composed of static LED super bright LEDs, and the combined area is l. Om x 2. 4m illumination source with concentrating effect, where the area is synthesized. The choice can be changed according to actual needs.
  • the illumination source 6 is placed on the platform of the roof at a certain inclination angle (in this case, the safety height is considered), and the inclination angle should be selected to correspond to the CCD camera that receives the reflected light. Due to the limitation of the depth of field of the camera lens, it is not possible to accurately measure the contact line that is displaced up and down by 100 cm. Simultaneous sampling of the head, each taking the upper and lower sections to compensate for the lack of depth of field.
  • the two sides of the roof are mounted at two angles at two angles. 2, 3, 3, 3, or multiple cameras can be set according to actual needs, usually 2-8.
  • the contact line 1 refers to a live overhead conductor that provides traction for an electric locomotive, and the locomotive contacts the current through a pantograph.
  • the contact line 1 swings about 45 cm on both sides of the center line during the movement, and the maximum drop between the rail and the platform is about 100 cm.
  • the contact line 1 is nearly like a smooth copper mirror due to constant friction during use.
  • the effective width of the focus is 90cm, 90cm is the minimum width of the shot, and less than all the states. If it is too big, it will waste, and the accuracy of the obtained contact line 1 wear value will be lowered.
  • the detected charge signal can be converted into an image signal, which is collected by the corresponding image acquisition card and processed by software. Therefore, if the incident light of the cameras 2, 3 is the reflected light of the contact line 1, the image is the outline of the contact line 1.
  • the contour line is divided into several segments, and a quadratic function is established by using the gray value of each pixel, thereby obtaining the extreme point and the inflection point of the quadratic function, highlighting the edge of the image and the image.
  • the ridge line precisely locates the bottom of the wear and the position of the remaining part, so that the residual height is accurately determined.
  • the contour is error compensated according to the imaging position of the contact line in the camera. According to the continuous measurement data of the contact line between adjacent wires, the angle between the contact line and the center line of the track can be calculated, and the contour line is compensated again according to the angle.
  • the scanning speed of the CCD device with a resolution of 8192 X 1 pixel monochrome line array can be seen in the market.
  • the scanning speed can reach 50KHZ.
  • the CCD camera is used as a reference, according to the principle of relativity of motion, when the train with a speed of 108 km per hour is running, it is equivalent to the contact line moving at a speed of less than 1 m/s in the XY plane, if the electronic shutter time of the CCD camera is 50. Microsecond, then the contact line is in XY flat The in-plane movement is 50 micrometers, and the edge of the image is clear.
  • the train is running at a speed of 108 kilometers per hour, it can be sampled every 1.5 mm in the forward direction, so the result is high collection density and strong credibility.
  • Line Array CCD is a field effect charge coupled device based on metal-oxide-semiconductor (M0S).
  • CCD is the abbreviation of English Charge Coupled Devices.
  • Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (M0S)
  • a line array CCD is formed by arranging the basic cells into a single column. The outstanding feature of charge-coupled devices is the charge as a signal, unlike most other devices that use current or voltage as a signal. When the light is incident on the surface of the line array, the photon energy is greater than the condition in which the intrinsic absorption occurs or the wavelength is in accordance with the impurity absorption condition, causing a photoelectric effect to generate a charge.
  • the main job of the CCD is to generate charge, store, transmit, and detect charge signals. If the incident light is the reflected light of the object, the detected charge signal can be converted into an image signal, for example, the incident light is the reflected light of the contact line, and the image is the contour of the contact line.
  • This embodiment is also applicable to non-contact detection of contact lines of the city subway and light rail.
  • Embodiment 2 Referring to Fig. 3, this embodiment is directed to the non-contact dynamic detection of the inner tread wear, the gauge, the track flatness and the track inclination angle of the rail.
  • the basic principle of detection is the same as that of Embodiment 1.
  • two CCD cameras 2, 3 are symmetrically mounted on both sides of the central axis of the detection vehicle bottom 7, and the angle between the main optical axis 8 of the cameras 2, 3 and the vehicle bottom 7 is ⁇ , and the cameras 2, 3 are photographed.
  • the image position is obtained to find the angle ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 of the outer side of the rail 12 with the bottom 7 of the vehicle.
  • the angle of view of the camera is ⁇
  • the angle between the bottom 7 and the horizontal plane 9 is ⁇
  • the distance between the cameras is d
  • the rail 10 The head imaging heights are hi and h2, respectively.
  • Detecting the wear of the ⁇ 11 tread in the rail The inner side of the rail at the line curve is squeezed by the wheel pair, the wear is fast, and the tread is deformed.
  • the image height hl>h2 of the left and right rails 10 in Fig. 3 can be used to calculate the rail.
  • Gauge detection The imaging position of the outer side edge of the rail in the camera is known in Figure 3. The other parameters provided in Figure 3 and the shape parameters of the rail can be used to determine the gauge distance.
  • Track flatness detection and orbital inclination angle detection From the ⁇ , (3 1 , ⁇ 2 angle and other known conditions in Fig. 3, the orbital inclination angle can be derived, and the orbital flatness can be calculated from the rate of change of the inclination angle of the orbit. .
  • the utility model performs the vehicle dynamic non-contact rail tread wear detection, the vehicle dynamic non-contact track dynamic gauge detection, the vehicle dynamic non-contact type under the condition of high speed train running (speed of 200-300 km/h).
  • As a high-speed operation condition of the train it can detect the wear of the rail tread, the flatness of the track bed, the inclination angle of the track bed, etc. with faster speed and higher precision without occupying the sunroof and not disturbing the complicated transportation order. It can also detect vehicle sloshing, provide predictive and early warning for railway transportation safety, and provide reliable basis for scientific decision-making maintenance time and scale.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

A high-speed dynamic detecting device of non-contact type includes cameras (2,3), an illuminated light source (6), a computer testing and controlling processing device (4,5). The cameras (2,3) and the illuminated light source (6) are connected with the computer testing and controlling processing device (4,5) respectively, and the cameras (2,3) are high-speed camera system of field effect charge coupling array CCD, and the illuminated light source (6) is an area array light source which is consist of the static ultrahigh-brightness LEDs.

Description

一种非接触式 CCD高速动态检测装置 技术领域  Non-contact CCD high-speed dynamic detecting device
本实用新型涉及铁路交通运输技术领域， 特别是一种非接触式 CCD高速 动态检测装置。  The utility model relates to the technical field of railway transportation, in particular to a non-contact CCD high-speed dynamic detecting device.
背景技术 Background technique
目前接触线磨损、 钢轨踏面磨损和轨距等参数的检测， 仍采用传统的检 测方法， 在接触线断电、 占用施工天窗的情况下去测量接触线的磨耗程度及 钢轨的各项指标。 在铁路运营十分紧张的情况下， 这种耗费大量人力物力， 而且抽样点少导致人为误差大的做法已经不适应当代铁路发展的要求。  At present, the detection of parameters such as contact line wear, rail tread wear and gauge distance still uses the traditional detection method to measure the wear level of the contact line and the various indexes of the rail in the case of the contact line being de-energized and occupying the construction sunroof. In the case of very tight railway operations, this kind of manpower and material resources, and the small number of sampling points leading to human error has not adapted to the requirements of contemporary railway development.
发明内容 Summary of the invention
本实用新型的目的是根据上述现有技术的不足之处， 提供一种非接触式 CCD高速动态检测装置， 该装置采用了适合检测高速运动物体外形尺寸的场 效应电荷耦合线阵列 CCD高速摄像头以及 LED发光二极管阵列光源， 使得 检测采集密度很高， 检测结果精确。  The object of the present invention is to provide a non-contact CCD high-speed dynamic detecting device according to the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, which adopts a field effect charge coupled line array CCD high speed camera suitable for detecting the outer shape of a high speed moving object and The LED light-emitting diode array light source makes the detection and collection density high and the detection result is accurate.
本实用新型目的实现由以下技术方案完成：  The object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
本实用新型由摄像机、 照明光源、 计算机测控处理设备组成， 其中的摄像 机与照明光源分别与计算机测控处理设备连接。  The utility model is composed of a camera, an illumination source and a computer measurement and control processing device, wherein the camera and the illumination source are respectively connected with the computer measurement and control processing device.
摄像头采用的是场效应电荷耦合线阵列 CCD高速摄像机， 照明光源采用 的是静态 LED超高亮发光二极管组成的面阵列光源。  The camera uses a field effect charge coupled line array CCD high speed camera, and the illumination source uses a surface array light source composed of static LED super bright LEDs.
本实用新型的优点是， 可以在检测过程中接触网不停电、 不占用天窗、 不 打乱复杂的运输秩序， 列车在高速运行状态下就可进行检测， 而且检测结果 精确。  The utility model has the advantages that the contact net can not be powered off during the detection process, does not occupy the skylight, does not disturb the complicated transportation order, and the train can be tested under the high-speed running state, and the detection result is accurate.
附图说明 DRAWINGS
图 1为本实用新型结构示意图；  Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention;
图 2为本实用新型检测原理图；  Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the detection of the utility model;
图 3为本实用新型实施例中轨遒检测原理图；  Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the detection of the rails in the embodiment of the present invention;
图 4为实施例用户软件***模块示意图；  4 is a schematic diagram of a user software system module of an embodiment;
图 5为实施例摄像流程示意图； 图 6为实施例图像解析流程示意图； FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an imaging process of an embodiment; FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an image parsing process of an embodiment;
图 7为实施例 GPS定位流程示意图。  Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the GPS positioning process of the embodiment.
¾中， 1、 接触线； 2、 摄像机； 3、 摄像机； 4、 数据处理计算机； 5、 测 控计算机； 6、 LED光源； 7、 车底； 8、 主光轴； 9、 水平面； 10、 钢轨； 11、  3⁄4, 1, contact line; 2, camera; 3, camera; 4, data processing computer; 5, measurement and control computer; 6, LED light source; 7, vehicle bottom; 8, main optical axis; 9, water level; ; 11,
具体实施例 Specific embodiment
以下结合附图通过实施例对本实用新型特征及其它相关特征作进一步详 细说明， 以便于同行业技术人员的理解：  The features of the present invention and other related features will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in order to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art:
如图 1-7所示， 附图中的总参考标号 1一 12分别表示： 接触线 1、 摄像机 As shown in Fig. 1-7, the general reference numerals 1 to 12 in the drawings respectively indicate: contact line 1, camera
2、 摄像机 3、 数据处理计算机 4、 测控计算机 5、 LED光源 6、 车底 7、 主光 轴 8、 水平面 9、 钢轨 10、 钢轨内侧 11、 钢轨外侧 12。 2, camera 3, data processing computer 4, measurement and control computer 5, LED light source 6, vehicle bottom 7, the main light axis 8, the horizontal plane 9, the rail 10, the inside of the rail 11, the outer side of the rail 12 .
实施例 h 参见图 1 , 本实施例是针对铁路接触线磨损的非接触式动态检 测。  Embodiment h Referring to Figure 1, this embodiment is directed to non-contact dynamic detection of rail contact line wear.
本实施例由两台适合检测高速运动物体外形尺寸的场效应电荷耦合线阵 列 CCD高速摄像机 2、 3、 LED发光二极管面阵列光源 6、 测控计算机 5、 数据 处理计算机 4组成， 其中两台高速摄像机 2、 3和 LED发光二极管光源 6与测 控计算机 5通过网卡相连， 所述的网卡包括 LED光源控制卡、 数据采集卡、 GPS数据采集卡等等，测控计算机 5与数据处理计算机 4连接构成了计算机测 控处理设备。 整个装置控制原理流程如图 4-7所示。  The embodiment is composed of two field effect charge coupled line array CCD high speed cameras 2, 3, LED light emitting diode surface array light source 6, measuring and controlling computer 5, data processing computer 4, which are suitable for detecting the shape of high speed moving objects, wherein two high speed cameras 2, 3 and LED light-emitting diode light source 6 and the measurement and control computer 5 are connected by a network card, the network card includes an LED light source control card, a data acquisition card, a GPS data acquisition card, etc., and the measurement and control computer 5 and the data processing computer 4 are connected to form a computer. Measurement and control processing equipment. The whole process control principle flow is shown in Figure 4-7.
本实施例共设置了两台计算机，前台是测控计算机 5 ,负责 CCD摄像机 2、 In this embodiment, two computers are set up, and the front desk is a measurement and control computer 5, which is responsible for the CCD camera.
3、 数据采集卡的协调工作， 以及接触线〗的轮廓图像釆集； 后台是数据处理 计算机 4 ,主要负责接触线的轮廓图像的解析，两台计算机之间通过网卡连接。 3. The coordination of the data acquisition card and the contour image of the contact line; the background is the data processing computer 4, which is mainly responsible for the analysis of the contour image of the contact line, and the two computers are connected by the network card.
线阵列 CCD摄像机 2、 3所需要的摄像控制信号以及摄像机的图像输出信 号需要专门的数据采集卡和测控计算机 5连接。  Line Array CCD camera 2, 3 required camera control signals and camera image output signals require a special data acquisition card and measurement and control computer 5 connection.
本实施例釆用的照明光源 6是以静态 LED超高亮发光二极管组成的面阵 列光源为单位， 合成面积为 l. Om x 2. 4m的具有聚光效应的照明光源， 此处合 成面积的选择可以根据实际需要进行变动。 在列车运动方向上将照明光源 6 以一定的倾斜角摆放于车顶的平台上（此时需考虑安全高度） ， 倾斜角度的 选择应该使其对应于接受反射光的 CCD摄像头。 由于受摄像机镜头景深的限 制， 不能在上下位移 100cm的接触线进行精确测量， 可以釆用数组同样的摄 像头同时采样， 各取上下一段来补偿景深的不足。 The illumination source 6 used in this embodiment is a surface array light source composed of static LED super bright LEDs, and the combined area is l. Om x 2. 4m illumination source with concentrating effect, where the area is synthesized. The choice can be changed according to actual needs. In the direction of train movement, the illumination source 6 is placed on the platform of the roof at a certain inclination angle (in this case, the safety height is considered), and the inclination angle should be selected to correspond to the CCD camera that receives the reflected light. Due to the limitation of the depth of field of the camera lens, it is not possible to accurately measure the contact line that is displaced up and down by 100 cm. Simultaneous sampling of the head, each taking the upper and lower sections to compensate for the lack of depth of field.
在接触线 1中心位置下两边车顶以一定的角度安装两个 CCD高速摄像机 2、 3, 也可以根据实际需要设置多个摄像机， 通常以 2-8个为宜。  At the center of the contact line 1, the two sides of the roof are mounted at two angles at two angles. 2, 3, 3, 3, or multiple cameras can be set according to actual needs, usually 2-8.
所述的接触线 1指的是， 为电力机车提供牵引力的带电架空导线， 机车 通过受电弓与之接触引导电流。  The contact line 1 refers to a live overhead conductor that provides traction for an electric locomotive, and the locomotive contacts the current through a pantograph.
通常接触线 1沿轨距中心线 ± 0. 4米呈之字型架设， 电竿距离 50米， 时 速 108公里列车运行时接触线水平方向运动的秒速为 0. 5米； 强侧风引起接 触线水平方向运动的秒速为 0. 1米； 重力作用下接触线的垂直高度有 0. 2米 的落差， 那么接触线垂直方向运动的秒速为 0. 1米； 接触线受到受电弓垂直 方向撞击， 产生垂直方向沿接触线传播的纵波， 到达摄像机上方时虽然频率 不变， 但振幅已经变小， 接触线垂直方向运动的秒速不大于 0. 2米  5米; Strong crosswind causes contact, the contact line 1 is erected along the centerline of the gauge, ± 0.4 m, with a distance of 50 m, and a speed of 108 km/h. The second speed of the contact line is 0. 1 m; the vertical height of the contact line under gravity is 0. 2 meters, then the second speed of the contact line in the vertical direction is 0.1 m; the contact line is subjected to the vertical direction of the pantograph 2米。 The impact, the vertical direction of the longitudinal wave along the contact line, the amplitude of the vertical line of the contact line is not greater than 0. 2 meters
接触线 1在运动中左右摇摆幅度为中心线两边各 45cm左右， 铢轨和站台 上下最大落差为 100cm左右。 接触线 1在使用状态中由于不断摩擦， 底部近 似于一个光滑的铜镜。 将摄像机 2、 3的摄像头聚焦于一个指定的位置， 该位 置应该为接触线 1的最小可能高度， 聚焦所摄取的有效宽度为 90cm, 90cm为 拍摄的最小宽度， 再小就拍不到所有状态， 再大就是浪费， 会使得求出的接 触线 1磨损值精度降低。 当光反射到接触线 1后反射入 CCD摄像头 2、 3, 检 测到的电荷信号就可以转换成图像信号， 由相应的图像采集卡采集后经软件 处理。 因而如果摄像头 2、 3入射光是接触线 1的反射光， 图像就是接触线 1 的轮廓。  The contact line 1 swings about 45 cm on both sides of the center line during the movement, and the maximum drop between the rail and the platform is about 100 cm. The contact line 1 is nearly like a smooth copper mirror due to constant friction during use. Focus the cameras of cameras 2, 3 at a specified position, which should be the minimum possible height of contact line 1. The effective width of the focus is 90cm, 90cm is the minimum width of the shot, and less than all the states. If it is too big, it will waste, and the accuracy of the obtained contact line 1 wear value will be lowered. When the light is reflected to the contact line 1 and then reflected into the CCD camera 2, 3, the detected charge signal can be converted into an image signal, which is collected by the corresponding image acquisition card and processed by software. Therefore, if the incident light of the cameras 2, 3 is the reflected light of the contact line 1, the image is the outline of the contact line 1.
根据接触线图像轮廓线的灰度， 把轮廓线分成数段， 用每段像素的灰度 值建立二次函数， 进而求出二次函数的极值点和拐点， 凸显图像边缘和图像 中的棱线， 精确定位磨损的底部和残剩部分的位置， 这样也就精确求出残剩 高度。 根据摄像机中接触线的成像位置， 对轮廓线进行误差补偿。 根据相邻 电线竿间接触线的连续测量数据， 可以计算出接触线与轨道中心线的夹角， 根据夹角再次对轮廓线进行误差补偿。  According to the gray level of the contour of the contact line image, the contour line is divided into several segments, and a quadratic function is established by using the gray value of each pixel, thereby obtaining the extreme point and the inflection point of the quadratic function, highlighting the edge of the image and the image. The ridge line precisely locates the bottom of the wear and the position of the remaining part, so that the residual height is accurately determined. The contour is error compensated according to the imaging position of the contact line in the camera. According to the continuous measurement data of the contact line between adjacent wires, the angle between the contact line and the center line of the track can be calculated, and the contour line is compensated again according to the angle.
目前巿场上能见到解析精度达到 8192 X 1像素单色线阵列 CCD器件的扫 描速度可以达到 50KHZ。 如果以 CCD摄像机作为参照物， 根据运动的相对性原 理， 时速 108公里的列车运行时， 相当于接触线在 X-Y平面内以小于 1米 /秒 的速度运动， 假如 CCD摄像机的电子快门时间为 50微秒， 则接触线在 X-Y平 面内移动 50微米， 图像的边缘是清晰的， 同时时速 108公里列车运行时， 沿 前进方向每隔 1. 5mm可采样一点， 因此结果是采集密度高， 可信度强。 At present, the scanning speed of the CCD device with a resolution of 8192 X 1 pixel monochrome line array can be seen in the market. The scanning speed can reach 50KHZ. If the CCD camera is used as a reference, according to the principle of relativity of motion, when the train with a speed of 108 km per hour is running, it is equivalent to the contact line moving at a speed of less than 1 m/s in the XY plane, if the electronic shutter time of the CCD camera is 50. Microsecond, then the contact line is in XY flat The in-plane movement is 50 micrometers, and the edge of the image is clear. At the same time, when the train is running at a speed of 108 kilometers per hour, it can be sampled every 1.5 mm in the forward direction, so the result is high collection density and strong credibility.
线阵列 CCD是以金属-氧化物-半导体（M0S )为基本单元的场效应电荷耦 合器件， CCD是英文 Charge Coupled Devices的缩写。 金属-氧化物 =半导体 ( M0S ) 为基本单元排列成单一的列就构成了线阵列 CCD。 电荷耦合器件的突 出特点是以电荷作为信号， 而不同于其他大多数器件是以电流或者电压为信 号。 当光入射到线阵列 CCD表面光子的能量大于发生本征吸收的条件或者波 长符合杂质吸收的条件就引起光电效应， 产生电荷。 线阵列 CCD主要工作是 产生电荷、 存储、 传输和检测电荷信号。 如果入射光是物体的反射光， 检测 到的电荷信号就可以转换成图像信号， 例如入射光是接触线的反射光， 图像 就是接触线的轮廓。  Line Array CCD is a field effect charge coupled device based on metal-oxide-semiconductor (M0S). CCD is the abbreviation of English Charge Coupled Devices. Metal-Oxide = Semiconductor (M0S) A line array CCD is formed by arranging the basic cells into a single column. The outstanding feature of charge-coupled devices is the charge as a signal, unlike most other devices that use current or voltage as a signal. When the light is incident on the surface of the line array, the photon energy is greater than the condition in which the intrinsic absorption occurs or the wavelength is in accordance with the impurity absorption condition, causing a photoelectric effect to generate a charge. Line Array The main job of the CCD is to generate charge, store, transmit, and detect charge signals. If the incident light is the reflected light of the object, the detected charge signal can be converted into an image signal, for example, the incident light is the reflected light of the contact line, and the image is the contour of the contact line.
本实施例同样适用于城巿地铁、 轻轨的接触线非接触式检测。  This embodiment is also applicable to non-contact detection of contact lines of the city subway and light rail.
实施例 2: 参见图 3, 本实施例是针对钢轨内侧踏面磨损、 轨距、 轨道平整度 和轨道倾斜角的非接触式动态检测。 Embodiment 2: Referring to Fig. 3, this embodiment is directed to the non-contact dynamic detection of the inner tread wear, the gauge, the track flatness and the track inclination angle of the rail.
检测基本原理同实施例 1相同。 如图 3所示， 在检测车车底 7中轴线两侧 对称安装两台 CCD摄像机 2、 3 , 摄像机 2、 3的主光轴 8同车底 7的夹角为 α， 摄像机 2、 3拍摄到的图像位置求出钢轨外侧 12同车底 7的夹角 β 1、 β 2 , 摄 相机的视场角为 ω、 车底 7和水平面 9的夹角为 Θ , 摄像机间距为 d、 钢轨 10 轨头成像高度分别为 hi和 h2。这些几何参数已经满足了检测钢轨内侧 11踏面 磨损、 轨距、 轨道平整度和轨道倾斜角的要求。  The basic principle of detection is the same as that of Embodiment 1. As shown in FIG. 3, two CCD cameras 2, 3 are symmetrically mounted on both sides of the central axis of the detection vehicle bottom 7, and the angle between the main optical axis 8 of the cameras 2, 3 and the vehicle bottom 7 is α, and the cameras 2, 3 are photographed. The image position is obtained to find the angle β 1 and β 2 of the outer side of the rail 12 with the bottom 7 of the vehicle. The angle of view of the camera is ω, the angle between the bottom 7 and the horizontal plane 9 is Θ, the distance between the cameras is d, and the rail 10 The head imaging heights are hi and h2, respectively. These geometric parameters have met the requirements for detecting 11 tread wear, gauge, track flatness and track pitch angle on the inside of the rail.
检测钢轨内恻 11踏面磨损： 线路曲线处钢轨内侧 11受到轮对的挤压， 磨 损快， 踏面变型大， 图 3中左、 右侧钢轨 10的成像高度 hl〉h2 , 由此可推算出 钢轨内侧踏面磨损的磨损程度。  Detecting the wear of the 恻11 tread in the rail: The inner side of the rail at the line curve is squeezed by the wheel pair, the wear is fast, and the tread is deformed. The image height hl>h2 of the left and right rails 10 in Fig. 3 can be used to calculate the rail. The degree of wear of the inner tread wear.
轨距检测： 图 3中钢轨外侧面边缘在摄像机内的成像位置是可知的， 加上 图 3提供的其它参数和钢轨的形状参数， 可求出轨距。  Gauge detection: The imaging position of the outer side edge of the rail in the camera is known in Figure 3. The other parameters provided in Figure 3 and the shape parameters of the rail can be used to determine the gauge distance.
轨道平整度检测和轨道倾斜角检测： 由图 3中的 θ、 （3 1、 Ρ 2角和其它已 知条件， 可推算出轨道倾斜角， 由轨道倾斜角的变化率可计算出轨道平整度。  Track flatness detection and orbital inclination angle detection: From the θ, (3 1 , Ρ 2 angle and other known conditions in Fig. 3, the orbital inclination angle can be derived, and the orbital flatness can be calculated from the rate of change of the inclination angle of the orbit. .
本实用新型在实际应用中， 在列车高速运行 （车速 200-300公里 /小时） 条件下， 进行车载动态非接触式钢轨踏面磨损检测、 车载动态非接触式轨道 动态规矩检测、 车载动态非接触式轨道动态道床平整度检测、 车载动态非接 触式轨道动态道床倾斜角检测、 车载动态非接触式车辆晃动检测等。 作为能 适应列车高速运行条件， 以更快的速度、 更高的精度， 在不占用天窗、 不打 乱复杂的运输秩序的情况下完成钢轨踏面磨损、 道床平整度、 道床倾斜角等 方面的检测， 也可以对车辆晃动方面进行检测， 为铁路运输安全提供工务方 面的预测、 预警， 科学决策维护时间和规模提供可靠依据。 In the practical application, the utility model performs the vehicle dynamic non-contact rail tread wear detection, the vehicle dynamic non-contact track dynamic gauge detection, the vehicle dynamic non-contact type under the condition of high speed train running (speed of 200-300 km/h). Track dynamic track bed flatness detection, vehicle dynamic non-connection Touch track dynamic track bed tilt angle detection, vehicle dynamic non-contact vehicle shake detection, etc. As a high-speed operation condition of the train, it can detect the wear of the rail tread, the flatness of the track bed, the inclination angle of the track bed, etc. with faster speed and higher precision without occupying the sunroof and not disturbing the complicated transportation order. It can also detect vehicle sloshing, provide predictive and early warning for railway transportation safety, and provide reliable basis for scientific decision-making maintenance time and scale.

Claims

权 利 要 求 书 Claim
1. 一种非接触式高速动态检测装置， 该装置由摄像机、 照明光 源、 计算机测控处理设备组成， 其特征在于所述摄像机与照明光源 分别与计算机测控处理设备连接。 A non-contact high-speed dynamic detecting device, which is composed of a camera, an illumination source, and a computer measurement and control processing device, wherein the camera and the illumination source are respectively connected to a computer measurement and control processing device.
2. 根据杈利要求 1所述的非接触式高速动态检测装置， 其特征 在于所述摄像机采用的是场效应电荷耦合线阵列 CCD高速摄像机。  2. The non-contact high-speed dynamic detecting device according to claim 1, wherein the camera uses a field effect charge coupled line array CCD high speed camera.
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的非接触式高速动态检测装置， 其特征 在于所述照明光源采用的是静态 LED超高亮发光二极管组成的面 阵列光源。  3. The non-contact high-speed dynamic detecting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the illumination source is a surface array light source comprising a static LED super bright LED.
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的非接触式高速动态检测装置， 其特征 在于所述的计算机测控处理设备由测控计算机、 数据处理计算机组 成。  4. The non-contact high-speed dynamic detecting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said computer measurement and control processing device is composed of a measurement and control computer and a data processing computer.
5- 根据权利要求 1或 4所述的非接触式高速动态检测装置， 其 特征在于所述的摄像机和照明光源与测控计算机通过网卡相连， 所 述的网卡包括数据釆集卡、 GPS数据采集卡和 LED光源控制卡。  The non-contact high-speed dynamic detecting device according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the camera and the illumination source are connected to the measurement and control computer through a network card, and the network card comprises a data collection card and a GPS data acquisition card. And LED light source control card.
6. 根据权利要求 1或 3所述的非接触式高速动态检测装置， 其 特征在于所述的照明光源是以静态 LED超高亮发光二极管组成的 面阵列光源为单位， 合成面积为 1.0m X 2.4m的具有聚光效应的照 明光源。  The non-contact high-speed dynamic detecting device according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the illumination source is a surface array light source composed of static LED super bright LEDs, and the combined area is 1.0 m. 2.4m illumination source with concentrating effect.
7. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的非接触式高速动态检测装置， 其 特征在于所设置的摄像机为 2-8个。  The non-contact high-speed motion detecting apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the number of cameras provided is 2-8.
PCT/CN2006/003208 2005-11-29 2006-11-29 A high-speed dynamic detecting device of non-contact type WO2007062584A1 (en)

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