WO2007054276A1 - Device for producing combustible gas - Google Patents

Device for producing combustible gas Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007054276A1
WO2007054276A1 PCT/EP2006/010690 EP2006010690W WO2007054276A1 WO 2007054276 A1 WO2007054276 A1 WO 2007054276A1 EP 2006010690 W EP2006010690 W EP 2006010690W WO 2007054276 A1 WO2007054276 A1 WO 2007054276A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
degassing
wood
degassing chamber
chamber
gas
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2006/010690
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Horst Müller
Original Assignee
Mueller Horst
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mueller Horst filed Critical Mueller Horst
Priority to JP2008539327A priority Critical patent/JP2009515017A/en
Priority to BRPI0618366-2A priority patent/BRPI0618366A2/en
Priority to US12/092,908 priority patent/US20080313961A1/en
Priority to CA002628866A priority patent/CA2628866A1/en
Priority to EP06818410A priority patent/EP1948764A1/en
Publication of WO2007054276A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007054276A1/en
Priority to NO20082478A priority patent/NO20082478L/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/57—Gasification using molten salts or metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/09—Mechanical details of gasifiers not otherwise provided for, e.g. sealing means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/158—Screws
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
    • C10J2300/0909—Drying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C10J2300/092—Wood, cellulose
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0983—Additives
    • C10J2300/0986—Catalysts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for producing fuel gases from carbonaceous material, in particular a wood gas generator, with a degassing and an oxidation region.
  • the present invention further relates to a method for producing fuel gases from carbonaceous material.
  • a wood gas generator is a device that makes it possible to extract a combustible gas from wood by means of dry distillation. This combustible gas is used inter alia to operate motor vehicles or
  • wood gas Used cogeneration units and referred to as wood gas.
  • the formation of the wood gas by heating wood is based on complex chemical reactions, such as homogeneous and heterogeneous gasification reactions and pyrolysis processes, a corresponding method being developed as early as 1920 by Georges Imbert.
  • the complexity of the chemical reactions is not least due to the fact that the material wood consists of a variety of chemical species with different reaction possibilities. These species include in particular cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose, accessory wood components such as fats, starch, sugars, egg whites, phenols, waxes, pectins, tannins, sterols, resins, terpenes and minerals. From this diverse mixture, the wood gas is produced by breaking the fuel structure, the main constituents of which are carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, ethene, hydrogen and gaseous water. Usually the wood gets under
  • tars high molecular weight aromatic hydrocarbons
  • wood vinegar a Mixture of water, tar constituents such as phenols, creosote, and acetic acid, methanol, acetone, propionic acid, methyl acetate and other substances.
  • the removal of the tars from the wood gas or better the prevention of their formation are of great importance for the practicality of such a wood gasifier. This is mainly due to the fact that tars condense at temperatures below about 200 ° C and therefore form thick deposits
  • Wood gasifiers are so far fixed-bed, fluidized bed or Flugstromvergaser.
  • a wood gasifier is known from EP 1 323 810 A1, which converts wood loosened in an inlet funnel into a pipe gasifier by means of a transport screw, wherein moisture is removed from the wood on the transport route to the pipe gasifier.
  • the heated to about 1000 0 C tube carburetor consists of two concentric, interconnected pipes, the gasification process takes place primarily in the inner tube, at the end of which the partially degassed wood is transferred to the outer tube and there is endverascht.
  • This document further teaches to purify the resulting wood gas in an industrial coke screw in countercurrent of tar constituents and to supply the purified wood gas to a combined heat and power plant.
  • the contaminated industrial coke is the pipe gasifier alternately supplied with wood.
  • a disadvantage of this prior art is the complicated valve control required thereby, the complicated cleaning and the relatively low calorific value of the resulting wood gas.
  • a disadvantage of this invention is the structurally complex separation of degassing and oxidation zone with the occurring during the transition of the combustible gasket problem.
  • the degassing region consists of a degassing chamber containing a molten metal, preferably tin, wherein the degassing chamber is designed to operate under exclusion of air.
  • Fuel gas produced with high calorific value is based primarily on the fact that a dilution of the fuel gas with air, which contains about 79% by volume of the inert gas nitrogen, is avoided. Because of that Temperature transmitter is a liquid metal, preferably tin, is used, can be used with advantage its high heat capacity. The liquid state of the tin is reached at temperatures between 231, 9 0 C and 2602 0 C. Thus, according to the invention, a broad temperature range is available which permits thermal control of the degassing reactions as a function of the material to be fired. In addition, metallic tin is non-toxic even in large quantities. The toxicity of simple tin compounds and salts is low. The few toxic organic tin compounds such as trialkyl tin, in particular TBT are formed either not or only to a very limited extent.
  • the degassing chamber contains metal chips and / or catalysts, preferably in a metal bath.
  • the metal chips are selected from those metals that remain in the solid state at the operating temperature of the molten metal bath.
  • the chips serve to improve the mixing of the melt and at the same time function as boiling stones, which collect the resulting fuel gases and from which they can rise in bubbles.
  • the degassing chamber penetrating auger is provided, preferably in its outside the
  • Degassing chamber lying areas is formed thermally insulated is advantageously allows a simple way a continuous operation of the device according to the invention.
  • the insulation prevents excessive heat loss.
  • it enables the kiln to be pre-dried in the area of the screw conveyor in front of the degassing chamber.
  • the oxidation region consists of an oxidation chamber which at least partially surrounds the degassing chamber.
  • the degassed combustible material is burned in the oxidation chamber under air supply and passed the amount of heat released through the walls of the degassing chamber in the molten metal.
  • the invention provides that the device has a fuel gas purification, which is preferably carried out by solid phase adsorption, for example, to activated carbon.
  • a fuel gas purification which is preferably carried out by solid phase adsorption, for example, to activated carbon.
  • the process object of the invention is achieved in that it comprises the steps of predrying the combustible, degassing the combustible in a metal bath in the absence of air, oxidizing the degassed combustible and purifying the combustible gas, preferably thermally.
  • the process step of degassing in a metal bath with exclusion of air allows with great advantage the formation of a fuel gas with a high calorific value, since a dilution of the combustible gases by oxygen or inert nitrogen is omitted.
  • Fig. 1 shows a device according to the invention. It consists of a driven screw conveyor 1, a Brenngutzubow 2, a degassing chamber 3, which contains a tin melt 4 and a gas space 5 and a Brenngutaustrag 6 and an oxidation chamber 7.
  • the kiln is from a reservoir, not shown, for example, as a bulk hopper above the screw conveyor 1 can be arranged, taken over the screw conveyor 1.
  • the bulk hopper according to the invention may also be preceded by a Brenngutzerklinerungsvortechnisch, if necessary.
  • the kiln in the appropriate size and quantity, for example, wood chips, pellets or the like, is continuously removed by means of the screw conveyor 1 from the reservoir and transported to the degassing chamber 3. At least in the area adjacent to the degassing chamber 3 region of the screw conveyor 1, this has a thermal insulation, not shown, so that the heat transferred through the degassing chamber 3 heat can be used for pre-drying the pieces of wood. At the same time, the solidification of the tin on the screw conveyor walls is prevented.
  • the kiln passes dry into the degassing chamber 3, so that explosive evaporations and reactions of the tin with water released or its decomposition products are avoided.
  • the screw conveyor 1 is designed like a sieve, so that the liquid tin can come into contact with the pieces of wood. Solid metal shavings contained in the tin bath ensure good mixing and form surfaces where the generated fuel gases can collect and rise like bubbles.
  • the released fuel gas collects in the gas space 5, from where it can be removed actively or passively.
  • This gas space 5 is completely filled with fuel gas, it contains no air fractions. This ensures a fuel gas with a high calorific value.
  • the screw conveyor 1 penetrates the Degassing chamber 3 and ends in a Brenngutaustrag 6. This is also thermally insulated to prevent solidification of the tin in it.
  • the Brenngutaustrag 6 ends in an oxidation chamber 7, in which the degassed fuel is oxidized.
  • the oxidation chamber 7 surrounds the degassing chamber, so that the heat released via the walls of the degassing chamber 3 keeps the tin melt 4 at the operating temperature. In this case, the oxidation chamber 7 also heats a portion of the screw conveyor 1, so that the risk of solidification of the liquid tin is further reduced.
  • the oxidation chamber 7 is arranged below the degassing chamber 3 or penetrates it, in particular by the one or more smoke extractors. In this case, heat is supplied to the degassing chamber 3 in a particularly homogeneous manner.
  • the fuel gas is removed from the gas space 5 and passed through a cleaning device, not shown.
  • This cleaning device can be a Aktivkoh be read or consist of a thermal aftertreatment.
  • a spent activated carbon bed can be used according to the invention as an additional fuel for the oxidation chamber 7. Waste to be disposed of therefore does not arise.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing combustible gases from carbon-containing material, in particular a wood gas generator, comprising a degassing region (3) and an oxidation region (7), and also to a method for producing a combustible gas with a high calorific value by simple means, for which purpose the degassing region (3) comprises a degassing chamber (3) containing a molten metal, perfectly tin, the degassing chamber (3) being designed to operate with the exclusion of air.

Description

Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Brenngas Apparatus for producing fuel gas
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Brenngasen aus kohlenstoffhaltigem Material, insbesondere ein Holzgasgenerator, mit einem Entgasungsbereich und einem Oxidationsbereich. Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft weiterhin ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Brenngasen aus kohlenstoffhaltigem Material.The present invention relates to a device for producing fuel gases from carbonaceous material, in particular a wood gas generator, with a degassing and an oxidation region. The present invention further relates to a method for producing fuel gases from carbonaceous material.
Ein Holzgasgenerator ist ein Gerät, das es ermöglicht, aus Holz mittels trockener Destillation ein brennbares Gas zu gewinnen. Dieses brennbare Gas wird unter anderem zum Betreiben von Kraftfahrzeugen oderA wood gas generator is a device that makes it possible to extract a combustible gas from wood by means of dry distillation. This combustible gas is used inter alia to operate motor vehicles or
Blockheizkraftwerken verwendet und als Holzgas bezeichnet. Der Bildung des Holzgases durch Erhitzung von Holz liegen komplexe chemische Reaktionen, wie beispielsweise homogene und heterogene Vergasungsreaktionen und Pyrolyseprozesse zugrunde, wobei ein entsprechendes Verfahren bereits 1920 von Georges Imbert entwickelt wurde. Die Komplexizität der chemischen Reaktionen ist nicht zuletzt darauf zurückzuführen, dass der Werkstoff Holz aus einer Vielzahl von chemischen Spezies mit unterschiedlichsten Reaktionsmöglichkeiten besteht. Zu diesen Spezies zählen insbesondere Zellulose, Lignin, Hemicellulose, akzessorische Holzbestandteile wie Fette, Stärke, Zucker, Eiweiß, Phenole, Wachse, Pektine, Gerbstoffe, Sterine, Harze, Terpene und Mineralstoffe. Aus diesem vielfältigen Gemisch wird durch Aufbrechen der Brennstoffstruktur das Holzgas erzeugt, dessen Hauptbestandteile Kohlenstoffdioxid, Kohlenstoffmonoxid, Methan, Ethen, Wasserstoff und gasförmiges Wasser sind. Üblicherweise wird das Holz unterUsed cogeneration units and referred to as wood gas. The formation of the wood gas by heating wood is based on complex chemical reactions, such as homogeneous and heterogeneous gasification reactions and pyrolysis processes, a corresponding method being developed as early as 1920 by Georges Imbert. The complexity of the chemical reactions is not least due to the fact that the material wood consists of a variety of chemical species with different reaction possibilities. These species include in particular cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose, accessory wood components such as fats, starch, sugars, egg whites, phenols, waxes, pectins, tannins, sterols, resins, terpenes and minerals. From this diverse mixture, the wood gas is produced by breaking the fuel structure, the main constituents of which are carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, ethene, hydrogen and gaseous water. Usually the wood gets under
Sauerstoffausschluss bis auf etwa 700 - 800 0C erhitzt, wobei 100 kg Holz in einer Stunde etwa 35 m3 Holzgas ergeben und einen Rückstand von 25 kg Holzkohle hinterlassen. Weiterhin entstehen etwa 4 kg hochmolekulare aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe (Teere) und etwa 40 kg Holzessig (ein Gemisch aus Wasser, Teerbestandteilen wie Phenolen, Kreosot, sowie Essigsäure, Methanol, Aceton, Propionsäure, Methylacetat und weiteren Substanzen). Die Entfernung der Teere aus dem Holzgas oder besser die Verhinderung ihrer Bildung sind von großer Bedeutung für die Alltagstauglichkeit eines solchen Holzvergasers. Dies liegt vor allem daran, dass Teere bei Temperaturen unterhalb von etwa 200°C auskondensieren und daher in Rohrleitungen oder Holzgasmotoren dicke Beläge bilden.Oxygen exclusion heated to about 700 - 800 0 C, with 100 kg of wood in an hour about 35 m 3 yield wood gas and leave a residue of 25 kg of charcoal. Furthermore, about 4 kg of high molecular weight aromatic hydrocarbons (tars) and about 40 kg of wood vinegar (a Mixture of water, tar constituents such as phenols, creosote, and acetic acid, methanol, acetone, propionic acid, methyl acetate and other substances). The removal of the tars from the wood gas or better the prevention of their formation are of great importance for the practicality of such a wood gasifier. This is mainly due to the fact that tars condense at temperatures below about 200 ° C and therefore form thick deposits in pipelines or wood gas engines.
Holzvergaser sind bislang Festbett-, Wirbelschicht- oder Flugstromvergaser. Aus der EP 1 323 810 A1 ist ein Holzvergaser bekannt, der in einem Eingangstrichter vorgelockertes Holz mittels einer Transportschnecke in einen Rohrvergaser überführt, wobei dem Holz auf der Transportstrecke zum Rohrvergaser Feuchtigkeit entzogen wird. Der auf etwa 10000C erhitzte Rohrvergaser besteht aus zwei konzentrischen, miteinander verbundenen Rohren, wobei der Vergasungsprozeß vor allem im inneren Rohr stattfindet, an dessen Ende das teilentgaste Holz in das äußere Rohr überführt und dort endverascht wird. Diese Schrift lehrt weiterhin, dass entstandene Holzgas in einer Industriekoksschnecke im Gegenstrom von Teerbestandteilen zu reinigen und das gereinigte Holzgas einem Blockheizkraftwerk zuzuführen. Gemäß dieser Schrift soll der kontaminierte Industriekoks dem Rohrvergaser im Wechsel mit Holz zugeführt werden. Nachteilig an diesem Stand der Technik ist die dadurch erforderliche komplizierte Ventilsteuerung, die aufwendige Reinigung und der relativ geringe Brennwert des resultierenden Holzgases.Wood gasifiers are so far fixed-bed, fluidized bed or Flugstromvergaser. A wood gasifier is known from EP 1 323 810 A1, which converts wood loosened in an inlet funnel into a pipe gasifier by means of a transport screw, wherein moisture is removed from the wood on the transport route to the pipe gasifier. The heated to about 1000 0 C tube carburetor consists of two concentric, interconnected pipes, the gasification process takes place primarily in the inner tube, at the end of which the partially degassed wood is transferred to the outer tube and there is endverascht. This document further teaches to purify the resulting wood gas in an industrial coke screw in countercurrent of tar constituents and to supply the purified wood gas to a combined heat and power plant. According to this document, the contaminated industrial coke is the pipe gasifier alternately supplied with wood. A disadvantage of this prior art is the complicated valve control required thereby, the complicated cleaning and the relatively low calorific value of the resulting wood gas.
Aus der DE 198 30 765 A1 ist bekannt, das Holzgas für eine bestimmte Zeit auf einer bestimmten Temperatur zu halten, so dass die im Holzgas enthaltenen langkettigen oder zyklischen hochmolekularen Kohlenwasserstoffe (Teere) thermisch aufgespalten werden. Diese Schrift schlägt weiterhin die Trennung der Schritte Oxidation des Brennstoffes und Entgasung des Brennstoffes vor. Die Holzentgasung erfolgt durch Erwärmung an gegebenenfalls katalytisch aktiven Wärmeaustauscherflächen ohne Verdünnung durch Oxidationsmittel wie Luft, wobei die Wärmeaustauscherflächen durch die Verbrennung des entgasten Holzes erhitzt werden und wobei das so erzeugteFrom DE 198 30 765 A1 it is known to keep the wood gas for a certain time at a certain temperature, so that the long-chain or cyclic high molecular weight hydrocarbons (tars) contained in the wood gas are thermally decomposed. This document further suggests the separation of the steps of oxidation of the fuel and degassing of the fuel. The wood is degassed by heating at optionally catalytically active heat exchanger surfaces without dilution by oxidants such as air, wherein the heat exchanger surfaces are heated by the combustion of the degassed wood and wherein the thus produced
Schwachgases zur thermischen Reinigung in einer Spiralleitung durch die Oxidationszone geleitet wird. Nachteilig an dieser Erfindung ist die konstruktiv aufwendige Trennung von Entgasungs- und Oxidationszone mit der beim jeweiligen Übergang des Brenngutes auftretenden Dichtungsproblematik.Passage of weak gas for thermal cleaning in a spiral conduit through the oxidation zone. A disadvantage of this invention is the structurally complex separation of degassing and oxidation zone with the occurring during the transition of the combustible gasket problem.
Aus der DE 694 04 861 T2 ist schließlich bekannt, kohlenstoffhaltiges Material mittels einer Lanze in eine Metallschmelze einzuspritzen, den im Metall gelösten Kohlenstoff anschließend mit eingeblasenem Sauerstoff zu Kohlenmonoxid umzusetzen und das so erzeugte CO-haltige Gas als Brennstoffgas zu verwenden. Für dieses Verfahren ist eine aufwendige apparative Ausstattung vonnöten und das erzeugte Brennstoffgas weist einen geringen Brennwert auf.From DE 694 04 861 T2 finally known to inject carbonaceous material by means of a lance in a molten metal, then convert the carbon dissolved in the metal with injected oxygen to carbon monoxide and to use the CO-containing gas thus generated as a fuel gas. For this method, a complex equipment is required and the fuel gas produced has a low calorific value.
Es ist daher Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine einfache Vorrichtung anzugeben, die ein Holzgas mit hohem Heizwert zur Verfügung stellt.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a simple device that provides a wood gas with high calorific value.
Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass der Entgasungsbereich aus einer Entgasungskammer enthaltend ein geschmolzenes Metall, vorzugsweise Zinn, besteht, wobei die Entgasungskammer unter Luftabschluss arbeitend ausgebildet ist. Durch die vorteilhafte Merkmalskombination der Erfindung wird auf einfache Weise einThis object is achieved in that the degassing region consists of a degassing chamber containing a molten metal, preferably tin, wherein the degassing chamber is designed to operate under exclusion of air. The advantageous feature combination of the invention is a simple way
Brenngas mit hohem Heizwert erzeugt. Der hohe Heizwert beruht in erster Linie darauf, dass eine Verdünnung des Brenngases mit Luft, die etwa 79 Vol-% des Inertgases Stickstoff enthält, vermieden wird. Dadurch, dass als Temperaturüberträger ein flüssiges Metall, vorzugsweise Zinn, verwendet wird, kann mit Vorteil dessen hohe Wärmekapazität genutzt werden. Der flüssige Aggregatzustand des Zinns wird bei Temperaturen zwischen 231 ,9 0C und 2602 0C erreicht. Es steht somit erfindungsgemäß ein breiter Temperaturbereich zur Verfügung der eine thermische Steuerung der Entgasungsreaktionen in Abhängigkeit vom Brenngut ermöglicht. Darüber hinaus ist metallisches Zinn auch in größeren Mengen an sich ungiftig. Die Giftwirkung einfacher Zinnverbindungen und Salze ist gering. Die wenigen toxischen organischen Zinnverbindungen wie Trialkyl-Zinn, insbesondere TBT werden entweder nicht oder nur in äußerst geringem Maße gebildet.Fuel gas produced with high calorific value. The high calorific value is based primarily on the fact that a dilution of the fuel gas with air, which contains about 79% by volume of the inert gas nitrogen, is avoided. Because of that Temperature transmitter is a liquid metal, preferably tin, is used, can be used with advantage its high heat capacity. The liquid state of the tin is reached at temperatures between 231, 9 0 C and 2602 0 C. Thus, according to the invention, a broad temperature range is available which permits thermal control of the degassing reactions as a function of the material to be fired. In addition, metallic tin is non-toxic even in large quantities. The toxicity of simple tin compounds and salts is low. The few toxic organic tin compounds such as trialkyl tin, in particular TBT are formed either not or only to a very limited extent.
In Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Entgasungskammer Metallspäne und/oder Katalysatoren, vorzugsweise im Metallbad, enthält. Die Metallspäne sind dabei aus solchen Metallen gewählt, die bei der Betriebstemperatur des Metallschmelzbades im festen Aggregatzustand verbleiben. Die Späne dienen der besseren Durchmischung der Schmelze und funktionieren gleichzeitig als Siedesteinchen, an denen sich die entstandenen Brenngase sammeln und von denen sie in Blasenform aufsteigen können.In an embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the degassing chamber contains metal chips and / or catalysts, preferably in a metal bath. The metal chips are selected from those metals that remain in the solid state at the operating temperature of the molten metal bath. The chips serve to improve the mixing of the melt and at the same time function as boiling stones, which collect the resulting fuel gases and from which they can rise in bubbles.
Wenn eine, die Entgasungskammer durchdringende Förderschnecke vorgesehen ist, die vorzugsweise in ihrem außerhalb derIf a, the degassing chamber penetrating auger is provided, preferably in its outside the
Entgasungskammer liegenden Bereichen thermisch isoliert ausgebildet ist wird mit Vorteil auf einfache Weise ein kontinuierlicher Betrieb der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ermöglicht. Die Isolation verhindert einen zu hohen Wärmeaustrag. Sie ermöglicht gleichzeitig eine Vortrocknung des Brenngutes im Bereich der Förderschnecke vor der Entgasungskammer.Degassing chamber lying areas is formed thermally insulated is advantageously allows a simple way a continuous operation of the device according to the invention. The insulation prevents excessive heat loss. At the same time, it enables the kiln to be pre-dried in the area of the screw conveyor in front of the degassing chamber.
Ist die Förderschnecke im Bereich des Metallbades siebartig ausgebildet, kommt das Brenngut leicht und vollständig mit der Metallschmelze in Kontakt. Das Brenngut wird dabei so durch das Metallbad geführt, dass ein kontinuierlicher Austrag erfolgt. Es kommt nicht zu einer Anreicherung an entgastem Brenngut in der Entgasungskammer.If the screw conveyor in the region of the metal bath formed siebartig, the kiln comes easily and completely with the molten metal in Contact. The firing material is thereby guided through the metal bath, that a continuous discharge takes place. There is no accumulation of degassed fuel in the degassing chamber.
Die zur Erreichung und Beibehaltung der erforderlichen Betriebstemperatur Wärmemenge wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch bereitgestellt, dass der Oxidationsbereich aus einer Oxidationskammer besteht, die die Entgasungskammer wenigstens teilweise umschließt. Das entgaste Brenngut wird in der Oxidationskammer unter Luftzufuhr verbrannt und die freigesetzte Wärmemenge über die Wandungen der Entgasungskammer in die Metallschmelze geleitet.The amount of heat to achieve and maintain the required operating temperature is provided according to the invention in that the oxidation region consists of an oxidation chamber which at least partially surrounds the degassing chamber. The degassed combustible material is burned in the oxidation chamber under air supply and passed the amount of heat released through the walls of the degassing chamber in the molten metal.
Mit großem Vorteil ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass die Vorrichtung eine Brenngasreinigung aufweist, wobei diese vorzugsweise durch Festphasenadsorption beispielsweise an Aktivkohle erfolgt. Es ist erfindungsgemäß jedoch auch denkbar, das erzeugte Brenngas thermisch so zu behandeln, dass sich die gebildeten Teere zersetzen, insbesondere unter Zuhilfenahme von Katalysatoren.With great advantage, the invention provides that the device has a fuel gas purification, which is preferably carried out by solid phase adsorption, for example, to activated carbon. However, it is also conceivable according to the invention to thermally treat the fuel gas produced in such a way that the tars formed decompose, in particular with the aid of catalysts.
Die Verfahrensaufgabe der Erfindung wird dadurch gelöst, dass es die Schritte umfasst: Vortrocknung des Brennguts, Entgasung des Brennguts in einem Metallbad unter Luftausschluß, Oxidation des entgasten Brennguts sowie Reinigung des Brenngases, vorzugsweise thermisch. Die Verfahrensstufe der Entgasung in einem Metallbad unter Luftausschluß erlaubt mit großem Vorteil die Bildung eines Brenngases mit hohem Brennwert, da eine Verdünnung der brennbaren Gase durch Sauerstoff oder inerten Stickstoff unterbleibt.The process object of the invention is achieved in that it comprises the steps of predrying the combustible, degassing the combustible in a metal bath in the absence of air, oxidizing the degassed combustible and purifying the combustible gas, preferably thermally. The process step of degassing in a metal bath with exclusion of air allows with great advantage the formation of a fuel gas with a high calorific value, since a dilution of the combustible gases by oxygen or inert nitrogen is omitted.
Die Erfindung wird anhand eines in der einzigen Figur dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert, wobei diese Erläuterung nur beispielhaft und nicht einschränkend zu verstehen ist. Fig. 1 zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung. Sie besteht aus einer angetriebenen Förderschnecke 1 , einer Brenngutzufuhr 2, einer Entgasungskammer 3, die eine Zinnschmelze 4 und einen Gasraum 5 enthält sowie einem Brenngutaustrag 6 und einer Oxidationskammer 7. Das Brenngut wird aus einem nicht dargestellten Vorratsbehälter, der beispielsweise als Schüttguttrichter oberhalb der Förderschnecke 1 angeordnet sein kann, über die Förderschnecke 1 entnommen. Dem Schüttguttrichter kann erfindungsgemäß auch eine Brenngutzerkleinerungsvorrichtung vorgeschaltet sein, falls dies erforderlich sein sollte. Das Brenngut in passender Größe und Menge, beispielsweise Holzschnitzel, -presslinge oder dergleichen, wird kontinuierlich mittels der Förderschnecke 1 aus dem Vorratsbehälter entnommen und zur Entgasungskammer 3 transportiert. Mindestens im zur Entgasungskammer 3 benachbarten Bereich der Förderschnecke 1 weist diese eine nicht dargestellte thermische Isolierung auf, so dass die durch die Entgasungskammer 3 übertragene Wärme zur Vortrocknung der Holzstücke verwendet werden kann. Gleichzeitig wird so ein Erstarren des Zinns an den Förderschneckenwänden verhindert. Das Brenngut gelangt trocken in die Entgasungskammer 3, so daß explosionsartige Verdampfungen und Reaktionen des Zinns mit freigesetztem Wasser oder dessen Zersetzungsprodukten vermieden werden. Im Inneren der Entgasungskammer 3 ist die Förderschnecke 1 siebartig ausgeführt, so dass das flüssige Zinn in Kontakt mit den Holzstücken treten kann. Im Zinnbad enthaltene feste Metallspäne sorgen für eine gute Durchmischung und bilden Oberflächen, an denen sich die erzeugten Brenngase sammeln und blasenförmig aufsteigen können. Das freigesetzte Brenngas sammelt sich im Gasraum 5, von wo es aktiv oder passiv entnommen werden kann. Dieser Gasraum 5 ist vollständig von Brenngas gefüllt, er enthält keinerlei Luftanteile. Dies gewährleistet eine Brenngas mit hohem Brennwert. Die Förderschnecke 1 durchdringt die Entgasungskammer 3 und endet in einem Brenngutaustrag 6. Dieser ist ebenfalls thermisch isoliert, um ein Erstarren des in ihm befindlichen Zinns zu verhindern. Der Brenngutaustrag 6 endet in einer Oxidationskammer 7, in der das entgaste Brenngut oxidiert wird. Eventuell durch die entgasten Holzstücke mit ausgetragenes Zinn kann in der Oxidationskammer 7 zurückgehalten werden. Die Oxidationskammer 7 umgibt die Entgasungskammer, so dass die freigesetzte Wärme über die Wände der Entgasungskammer 3 die Zinnschmelze 4 auf Betriebstemperatur hält. In diesem Fall erwärmt die Oxidationskammer 7 auch einen Abschnitt der Förderschnecke 1 , so dass die Gefahr der Erstarrung des flüssigen Zinns weiter gemindert ist. Es ist jedoch auch denkbar, dass die Oxidationskammer 7 unterhalb der Entgasungkammer 3 angeordnet ist oder diese durchdringt, insbesondere durch den oder die Rauchabzüge. In diesem Fall wird Wärme der Entgasungskammer 3 besonders homogen zugeführt. Das Brenngas wird aus dem Gasraum 5 entnommen und durch eine nicht dargestellte Reinigungsvorrichtung geleitet. Diese Reinigungsvorrichtung kann eine Aktivkoh lesen üttung sein oder aus einer thermischen Nachbehandlung bestehen. Eine verbrauchte Aktivkohleschüttung kann erfindungsgemäß als zusätzlicher Brennstoff für die Oxidationskammer 7 verwendet werden. Zu entsorgende Abfälle fallen daher nicht an. The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the single figure, this explanation is only to be understood as exemplary and not restrictive. Fig. 1 shows a device according to the invention. It consists of a driven screw conveyor 1, a Brenngutzufuhr 2, a degassing chamber 3, which contains a tin melt 4 and a gas space 5 and a Brenngutaustrag 6 and an oxidation chamber 7. The kiln is from a reservoir, not shown, for example, as a bulk hopper above the screw conveyor 1 can be arranged, taken over the screw conveyor 1. The bulk hopper according to the invention may also be preceded by a Brenngutzerklinerungsvorrichtung, if necessary. The kiln in the appropriate size and quantity, for example, wood chips, pellets or the like, is continuously removed by means of the screw conveyor 1 from the reservoir and transported to the degassing chamber 3. At least in the area adjacent to the degassing chamber 3 region of the screw conveyor 1, this has a thermal insulation, not shown, so that the heat transferred through the degassing chamber 3 heat can be used for pre-drying the pieces of wood. At the same time, the solidification of the tin on the screw conveyor walls is prevented. The kiln passes dry into the degassing chamber 3, so that explosive evaporations and reactions of the tin with water released or its decomposition products are avoided. Inside the degassing chamber 3, the screw conveyor 1 is designed like a sieve, so that the liquid tin can come into contact with the pieces of wood. Solid metal shavings contained in the tin bath ensure good mixing and form surfaces where the generated fuel gases can collect and rise like bubbles. The released fuel gas collects in the gas space 5, from where it can be removed actively or passively. This gas space 5 is completely filled with fuel gas, it contains no air fractions. This ensures a fuel gas with a high calorific value. The screw conveyor 1 penetrates the Degassing chamber 3 and ends in a Brenngutaustrag 6. This is also thermally insulated to prevent solidification of the tin in it. The Brenngutaustrag 6 ends in an oxidation chamber 7, in which the degassed fuel is oxidized. Possibly by the degassed pieces of wood with discharged tin can be retained in the oxidation chamber 7. The oxidation chamber 7 surrounds the degassing chamber, so that the heat released via the walls of the degassing chamber 3 keeps the tin melt 4 at the operating temperature. In this case, the oxidation chamber 7 also heats a portion of the screw conveyor 1, so that the risk of solidification of the liquid tin is further reduced. However, it is also conceivable that the oxidation chamber 7 is arranged below the degassing chamber 3 or penetrates it, in particular by the one or more smoke extractors. In this case, heat is supplied to the degassing chamber 3 in a particularly homogeneous manner. The fuel gas is removed from the gas space 5 and passed through a cleaning device, not shown. This cleaning device can be a Aktivkoh be read or consist of a thermal aftertreatment. A spent activated carbon bed can be used according to the invention as an additional fuel for the oxidation chamber 7. Waste to be disposed of therefore does not arise.
BEZUGSZEICHENLISTELIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1. Förderschnecke1. screw conveyor
2. Brenngutzufuhr2. Brenngutzufuhr
3. Entgasungskammer3rd degassing chamber
4. Metallschmelze4. molten metal
5. Gasraum5. gas space
6. Brenngutaustrag6. Brenngutaustrag
7. Oxidationskammer 7. Oxidation chamber

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE
1. Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Brenngasen aus kohlenstoffhaltigem Material, insbesondere ein Holzgasgenerator, mit einem Entgasungsbereich und einem Oxidationsbereich, dadurch gekennzeichnet dass der Entgasungsbereich aus einer1. A device for generating fuel gases from carbonaceous material, in particular a wood gas generator, with a degassing and an oxidation region, characterized in that the degassing of a
Entgasungskammer enthaltend ein geschmolzenes Metall, vorzugsweise Zinn, besteht, wobei die Entgasungskammer unter Luftauschluss arbeitend ausgebildet ist.Degassing chamber containing a molten metal, preferably tin, consists, wherein the degassing chamber is designed to operate under air exclusion.
2. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Entgasungskammer Metallspäne und/oder Katalysatoren, vorzugsweise im Metallbad, enthält.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the degassing chamber contains metal chips and / or catalysts, preferably in a metal bath.
3. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine die Entgasungskammer durchdringende Förderschnecke vorgesehen ist, die vorzugsweise in ihrem außerhalb der Entgasungskammer liegenden Bereichen thermisch isoliert ausgebildet ist.3. A device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a degassing chamber penetrating screw conveyor is provided which is preferably formed thermally insulated in its lying outside the degassing chamber areas.
4. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1 , 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Förderschnecke im Bereich des Metallbades siebartig ausgebildet ist.4. Apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the conveyor screw is formed in the shape of a sieve in the region of the metal bath.
5. Vorrichtung gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Oxidationsbereich aus einer Oxidationskammer besteht, die die Entgasungskammer wenigstens teilweise umschließt.5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the oxidation region consists of an oxidation chamber, which encloses the degassing chamber at least partially.
6. Vorrichtung gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine Brenngasreinigung aufweist. 6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a fuel gas cleaning.
7. Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Brenngasen aus kohlenstoffhaltigem Material, insbesondere von Holzgas, vorzugsweise unter Verwendung einer Vorrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, umfassend die Schritte Vortrocknung des Brennguts, Entgasung des Brennguts in einem Metallbad unter Luftausschluß, Oxidation des entgasten Brennguts sowie Reinigung des Brenngases, vorzugsweise thermisch. 7. A method for producing fuel gases from carbonaceous material, in particular of wood gas, preferably using a device according to one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of predrying the combustible material, degassing of the combustible material in a metal bath with exclusion of air, oxidation of the degassed combustible material and cleaning of the fuel gas, preferably thermally.
PCT/EP2006/010690 2005-11-08 2006-11-08 Device for producing combustible gas WO2007054276A1 (en)

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JP2008539327A JP2009515017A (en) 2005-11-08 2006-11-08 FUEL GAS GENERATOR AND METHOD FOR GENERATING FUEL GAS
BRPI0618366-2A BRPI0618366A2 (en) 2005-11-08 2006-11-08 device for fuel gas production
US12/092,908 US20080313961A1 (en) 2005-11-08 2006-11-08 Device For Producing Fuel Gas
CA002628866A CA2628866A1 (en) 2005-11-08 2006-11-08 Device for producing fuel gas
EP06818410A EP1948764A1 (en) 2005-11-08 2006-11-08 Device for producing combustible gas
NO20082478A NO20082478L (en) 2005-11-08 2008-06-02 Combustible gas production facility

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DE102005053526A DE102005053526A1 (en) 2005-11-08 2005-11-08 Apparatus for producing fuel gas
DE102005053526.7 2005-11-08

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BR (1) BRPI0618366A2 (en)
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US20080313961A1 (en) 2008-12-25
BRPI0618366A2 (en) 2011-08-30

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