WO2007051373A1 - Actionneur rapide a fonctionnement electrique - Google Patents
Actionneur rapide a fonctionnement electrique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007051373A1 WO2007051373A1 PCT/CN2006/000639 CN2006000639W WO2007051373A1 WO 2007051373 A1 WO2007051373 A1 WO 2007051373A1 CN 2006000639 W CN2006000639 W CN 2006000639W WO 2007051373 A1 WO2007051373 A1 WO 2007051373A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- output
- gear
- power
- clutch
- quick
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
- F16K31/04—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a motor
- F16K31/047—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a motor characterised by mechanical means between the motor and the valve, e.g. lost motion means reducing backlash, clutches, brakes or return means
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the field of electric actuators. Background technique
- the main structure of the electric actuator is shown in Fig. 1. It consists of motor 1, transmission mechanism 2, and output mechanism 3.
- the motor 1 is a DC or AC motor, which provides power for the actuator.
- the output mechanism 3 is mainly composed of some gears and shafts. Generally, it also has a certain ability to reduce and increase the force.
- the output forms are as follows:
- the rotary output is shown in Figure 4.
- the linear reciprocating output is shown in Figure 5.
- the motor 1 drives the transmission mechanism 2, and the transmission mechanism 2 drives the output mechanism 3 to operate.
- the output of the output mechanism 3 can be connected with the valve, so that the ordinary valve becomes a electric gate, and the motor 1 is operated or stopped according to requirements, forward or reverse. Turn; finally realize the opening or closing of the valve.
- the existing electric actuator, the transmission mechanism 2, and even the output mechanism 3 are mostly deceleration boosting mechanisms composed of a plurality of gears, as shown in FIG. 3, the speed of the motor 1 driven to the output portion of the output mechanism 3 is very slow. It takes only a few seconds for a revolution or a few seconds to reciprocate. Therefore, the ordinary electric actuator drives the valve to work, which causes the valve to open and close for too long, which makes the ordinary electric actuator in an important application field - electric valve. When the field is applied, it will be subject to many restrictions, such as filling and metering occasions; even if it is not usable, such as the control of the outlet valve for boiling water supply, the slow closing will burn people, and another disadvantage is that it causes waste.
- An object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a quick-acting electric actuator which makes it possible to synthesize the electric wide and more quickly.
- the quick-acting electric actuator comprises a motor 4, a transmission mechanism and an output mechanism 8; wherein the motor transmits power through the transmission mechanism, thereby pushing the output mechanism 8 to move, wherein: the transmission mechanism is driven by the main transmission circuit 13 and the auxiliary transmission
- the circuit 12 is configured, the main transmission circuit 13 includes a series of two-way backstop mechanism 5, a main transmission mechanism 6, a clutch 7, and an output mechanism 8; the auxiliary transmission circuit 12 includes a series of constant torque mechanisms 10, a sub-transmission mechanism 11; One end of the auxiliary transmission circuit is respectively meshed with the rotating shaft of the same motor 4, and receives power from the motor 4.
- the other end of the auxiliary transmission circuit 12 controls the disengagement and closing of the clutch 7, and the left end of the clutch 7 receives the power of the main transmission mechanism 6, the right end
- the output mechanism 8 is provided with a spring 9; the spring 9 is fixed at one end to the actuator housing or the valve body as a fixed point, and the other end is attached to the output shaft of the output mechanism 8 Or attached to the valve stem of the valve body, which acts to push the output shaft of the output mechanism 8 or the valve stem of the valve body to quickly reset. So that the valve can be quickly closed.
- the order of connection of the two-way backstop mechanism 5 and the main transmission mechanism 6 on the main transmission circuit 13 can be reversed. The difference is only for the first deceleration or the subsequent deceleration, which does not affect its function.
- the order of connection of the constant torque mechanism 10 and the secondary transmission mechanism 11 on the secondary transmission circuit 12 can be reversed. The difference is only for the first deceleration or the subsequent deceleration, which does not affect its function.
- the main transmission mechanism 6 is composed of a plurality of gear meshes.
- the secondary transmission mechanism 11 described in N2006/000639 is composed of a plurality of gear meshes.
- the output mechanism 8 is mainly composed of a gear and an output shaft rigidly connected, and the output shaft forms a rotary output; or the gear and the rack mesh with each other, and the rack acts as a shaft to form a linear reciprocating output.
- the clutch 7 is a three-terminal machine: a power input end 61, a power output end 62, and a disengagement control end 63; a power input end 62 is coupled to an output end of the main transmission mechanism 6, a power output end 62 and an output mechanism 8 The input ends are associated with each other, and the off-close control terminal 63 is coupled to the output of the secondary transmission 11.
- the two-way backstop mechanism is a two-end mechanism: a power input end 90 and a power output end 98. It is composed of gears 91, 92, 93, ratchet 94, pawl 95, shaft 96, pawl 97; gear 93, ratchet 94, pawl 97, output 98 are rigidly coupled to shaft 96, input 90 is gear 91
- the meshing gear 92, the gear 92 is a ring gear, and the inner ring is provided with ratchet teeth.
- the ratchet rotates the gears 93, 94 through the pawl 97 on the shaft 96.
- the rotation of the gear 93 is the rotation of the power output end 98, and the pawl 95 Engaged with the ratchet 94.
- the constant torque mechanism 10 is a double-end mechanism: an input end and an output end; and the output end of the input end is coupled by a meshing force defining device.
- the engagement force defining means is composed of a set of friction wheels or a toothed mechanism.
- the function of the constant torque mechanism is: When the input end is running in the forward and reverse direction, when the resistance of the output end is greater than a certain value of the torque, the output end will not run, the input end and the output end will slide, and the input end moves and outputs. When the resistance received at the output is less than a certain value, the output will follow the forward and reverse operation of the input, and there is a certain ability to push the load, so that after the control of the clutch is completed, It can prevent the resistance to motor movement caused by the auxiliary drive circuit pushing the clutch in position and being blocked and unable to continue running.
- the basic idea of the invention is: The motor finally pushes the output mechanism through the transmission mechanism to open the valve and compress the spring attached to the output mechanism.
- the valve When the valve is closed, the spring is released to quickly close the valve, and the valve closing time is such that there is no spring. The fastest time of a few seconds becomes instantaneous, and the closing speed of the solenoid valve is reached.
- the problem that needs to be solved is that - in order to make the spring 9 return without pushing the transmission mechanism 6 and the motor 4 in reverse, to reduce the spring 9 return resistance and increase the reset speed, it is necessary to increase the clutch 7 after the main transmission 6 .
- the constant torque mechanism 10 needs to be added in the auxiliary transmission circuit 12 to overcome the resistance of the auxiliary transmission circuit after the clutch is in place, and continue to work on the main transmission circuit. Impact. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Increase the twist of the valve by increasing the spring;
- the auxiliary transmission circuit is separated from the motor after completing the task of controlling the opening and closing of the clutch;
- the same motor can control the compression and hold of the spring, and can realize the quick reset of the spring release, and then act on the output mechanism to drive the external valve body to operate, shortening the electric motor. Valve operating time.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an electric actuator in the prior art; wherein, 1. a motor, a transmission mechanism, and an output mechanism.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the quick-acting electric actuator of the present invention; 4, motor, 5, two-way backstop mechanism, 6, main transmission mechanism, 7 clutch, 8, output mechanism, 9, spring, 10, constant torque transmission mechanism, 11 , auxiliary transmission mechanism, 12 transmission circuits, 13, main drive circuit.
- Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a transmission mechanism in the prior art; wherein: 80, input, 81, 82, 83, 84, gear, 85, output.
- Figure 4 and Figure 5 are schematic diagrams of the output mechanism in the prior art; wherein: 70, gear, 71, output shaft, 60, input gear, 61, output shaft, 62, rack.
- Figure 6 is a schematic view of the clutch structure of the present invention; wherein: 61 power input end, 62 power output end 63 is separated from the closed control end.
- Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the two-way backstop mechanism of the present invention, wherein: 90, power input end, 91, 92, 93, gear, 94, ratchet, 95, pawl, 96, shaft, 97, pawl, 98, power output end.
- Figure 8 is a schematic view of a friction type constant torque mechanism in the present invention; wherein: 101, input end, 102, gear, 103, 104, friction wheel, 105, gear, 106, output end.
- Figure 9 is a schematic view of the tooth-type constant torque mechanism of the present invention; wherein: 110, input end, 111, 112, gear, 113, triangular tooth, 114, elastic tooth, 115, shaft, 116, gear, 117, output .
- Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the structure of an embodiment of the present invention; wherein: 20, motor, 21, motor gear, 22, intermediate gear, 23, one-way sliding gear, 24, one-way ratchet, 25, one-way ratchet, 26, spine Claw, 27, intermediate gear, 28, static clutch gear, 29, dynamic clutch gear, 30, intermediate gear, 31, output shaft rack, 32, spring, 33, positioning rod, 34, micro switch, 35, valve stem 36, valve body, 37, wedge, 38, connecting rod wheel, 39, intermediate friction wheel, 40, intermediate friction wheel, 41, intermediate gear, 42, upper stop, 43, lower stop. detailed description
- a quick-acting electric actuator includes a motor 4, a transmission mechanism, and an output mechanism 8; wherein, the motor transmits power through the transmission mechanism, thereby pushing the output mechanism
- the movement of 8 is characterized in that: the transmission mechanism is composed of a main transmission circuit 13 and a sub-transmission circuit 12, and the main transmission circuit 13 includes a series two-way anti-backstop mechanism 5, a main transmission mechanism 6, a clutch 7, and an output mechanism 8.
- the auxiliary transmission circuit 12 includes a series of constant torque mechanism 10 and a secondary transmission mechanism 11; one ends of the main and auxiliary transmission circuits are respectively meshed with the rotating shaft of the same motor 4, and the power of the motor 4 is received, and the other end of the auxiliary transmission circuit 12 is controlled.
- the clutch 7 is disengaged and closed, the left end of the clutch 7 receives the power of the main transmission mechanism 6, and the right end outputs power to the output mechanism 8; the output mechanism 8 of the main transmission circuit 13 is provided with a spring 9 which is fixed at one end of the actuator
- the housing or the valve body is a fixed point, and the other end is attached to the output shaft of the output mechanism 8 or attached to the valve stem of the valve body, and functions to push the output shaft of the output mechanism 8 or the valve stem of the valve body to quickly reset. In order to enable the wide door to close quickly.
- the clutch 7 is a three-terminal mechanism: a power input end 61, a power output end 62, and a disengagement control end 63.
- the clutch has the function of transmitting torque after closing.
- the main transmission circuit 13 is divided into two mutually incoherent parts, that is, no longer has the function of transmitting torque, and at the same time, the spring 9 is quickly reset.
- the static clutch gear 28, the dynamic clutch gear 29, the wedge 37 constitute an example of a three-terminal clutch
- the static clutch gear 28 is a power input end
- the dynamic clutch gear 29 is a power output end
- the wedge 37 is a disengagement engagement control end.
- FIG. 7 a schematic diagram of a two-way backstop mechanism in the present invention; a power input terminal 90 and a power output terminal 98. It is composed of gears 91, 92, 93, ratchet 94, pawl 95, shaft 96, pawl 97; gear 93, ratchet 94, pawl 97, output 98 are rigidly coupled to shaft 96, input 90 is gear 91
- the meshing gear 92, the gear 92 is a ring gear, the inner ring is provided with ratchet teeth, and the ratchet rotates the gears 93, 94 through the pawl 97 on the shaft 96.
- the rotation of the gear 93 is the rotation of the power output end 98, the pawl 95 Engaged with the ratchet 94.
- the two-way backstop mechanism of the present invention may be a set of ratchets.
- the shaft 96 and the gear 93 are transmitted to the output end 98 to output power, and the output end 98 is rotated clockwise; when the output end 98 is forced by the reverse force to rotate the gear 93 counterclockwise, at this time due to the pawls 97 and 92
- the backstop is more mainly due to the back-stop action of 94 and 95, so that the output end 98, that is, the gear 93, cannot rotate in the reverse direction or counterclockwise, so the two-way backstop mechanism has the torque of the one-way transmission power input end 90, and at the same time blocks the power.
- the two-way backstop mechanism also has the function that the power input end 90 can be reversely operated without affecting the output state, and the power input end 90 is clockwise. When it is rotated, it is allowed. Of course, the power input end 90 does not transmit power to the power output terminal 98 through 92. The power input end 90 only drives the gear 92 to slide on the pawl 97. The power input end at this time. 90 has no effect on the output state; since the power input 90 is operable in both directions, we call it a two-way backstop mechanism.
- FIG 8 a schematic diagram of the friction type constant torque mechanism in the present invention: the gear 102 and the friction wheel 103 are rigidly coupled, the friction wheel 104 and the gear 105 are rigidly coupled, and the friction wheel 103 and the friction wheel 104 transmit power by friction, when the output end 106 That is, the resistance of the gear 105 is greater than the maximum static friction torque that the wheel 103 and the wheel 105 can transmit.
- the wheel 103 will slide on the wheel 104, and the transmission of the motion can be performed normally only when the required output torque is less than the friction torque.
- the maximum torque value transmitted is constant, so we can call it a constant torque mechanism.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the toothed type constant torque mechanism in the present invention: the gear 116 is rigidly coupled by the shaft 115 and the elastic protruding teeth 114, and the elastic protruding teeth 114 can be slidably operated on the inner triangular teeth 113 of the gear 112.
- the input end 110 that is, the gear 111 drives the gear 112
- the gear 112 drives the elastic convex tooth 114
- the gear 116 outputs a certain torque through the shaft 115;
- the output end 117 has a load torque greater than A certain value ⁇
- the inner triangular teeth 113 of the gear 112 deform the pressing elastic convex teeth 114, and the sliding teeth are slid, the movement will not be transmitted, and the maximum transmittable torque is also a constant value, and thus is also called a constant torque mechanism.
- the elastic protruding teeth U4 may be several according to the need to transmit the torque.
- the main transmission mechanism is composed of an intermediate gear 22 or a speed reduction mechanism composed of a plurality of gears.
- the auxiliary transmission mechanism is composed of an intermediate gear 41 or a speed reduction mechanism composed of a plurality of gears.
- the constant torque mechanism is composed of an intermediate friction wheel 39 and an intermediate friction wheel 40, which can transmit a certain torque; when the intermediate friction wheel 39 is blocked, the intermediate friction wheel 40 will slide with the intermediate friction wheel 39 with maximum sliding friction. At this time, the intermediate friction wheel 39 will be stationary.
- the two-way backstop mechanism is composed of a one-way sliding gear 23, a one-way ratchet 24, a one-way ratchet 25, a pawl 26, and an intermediate gear 27, and the principle is shown in Fig. 8.
- the clutch 7 is composed of a static clutch gear 28, a moving clutch gear 29, a wedge 37, an upper stopper 42, and a lower stopper 43.
- the output mechanism is composed of an intermediate gear 30, an output shaft rack 31, a positioning rod 33, and a micro switch 34.
- the motor gear 21 simultaneously drives the one-way sliding gear 23 to rotate clockwise through the intermediate gear 22. Due to the action of the check pawl on the one-way ratchet 24, the one-way sliding gear 23 will drive the one-way ratchet 24 to rotate clockwise.
- the one-way ratchet 25 rigidly fixed by the one-way ratchet 24 and the intermediate gear 27 move clockwise. Since the pawl 26 has no counter-reaction in the clockwise direction, the one-way ratchet 25 will slide on the pawl 26;
- the clutch that drives the static clutch gear 28 and the dynamic clutch gear 29 drives the intermediate gear 30 to move clockwise, and the intermediate gear 30 drives the output shaft rack 31 upward, at which time the compression spring 32 will be moved upward due to the output shaft rack 31.
- the intermediate gear 30 will drive the output shaft rack 31 upward movement also drives the positioning rod 33 to move.
- the micro switch 34 is given
- Static clutch gear 28, dynamic clutch gear 29, intermediate gear 27 drives the reverse rotation of the one-way ratchet 25; thus, the quick acting actuator is stabilized in the current state, so that the valve is kept in the open position.
- the lever wheel 38 moves downward, and the movable clutch gear 29 is disengaged from the static clutch gear 28 by the wedge 37, so that the static clutch gear 28 and the movable clutch gear 29 are no longer engaged, and the output shaft rack 31 will be at the spring 32.
- the intermediate gear 30 and the movable clutch gear 29 are idling, so that the output shaft rack 31 moves downward rapidly, and the valve stem is moved downward to close the valve, and the positioning rod 33 is also driven to disengage the micro switch 34.
- the motor 20 stops rotating and the entire valve closing process is completed.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanically-Actuated Valves (AREA)
Abstract
La présente invention vise un actionneur rapide à fonctionnement électrique comprenant un moteur 4, un mécanisme de transmission et un mécanisme de sortie. La puissance du moteur est transmise au mécanisme de sortie 8 par le mécanisme de transmission. Le mécanisme de transmission comprend un circuit de transmission primaire 13 et un circuit auxiliaire 12. Le circuit de transmission primaire 13 comprend un dispositif empêchant une inversion dans les sens horaire et antihoraire, un boîtier d'engrenages primaire 6, un embrayage 7 et un mécanisme de sortie 8, ces composants étant raccordés en série. Le circuit auxiliaire 12 comprend un mécanisme à torsion constante 10 et un boîtier d'engrenages auxiliaire 11, ces composants étant raccordés en série. Une extrémité du circuit primaire et du circuit auxiliaire est raccordée à l'arbre rotatif commun du moteur 4 et reçoit la puissance du moteur 4. L'autre extrémité du circuit auxiliaire 12 commande la mise en ou hors prise de l'embrayage 7. L'extrémité gauche de l'embrayage reçoit la puissance du boîtier d'engrenages primaire 6 tandis que l'extrémité droite transmet la puissance au mécanisme de sortie 8. Un ressort est disposé dans le mécanisme de sortie 8 du circuit de transmission primaire 13. Une extrémité du ressort 9 est insérée dans le boîtier de l'actionneur ou le corps de vanne, l'autre extrémité du ressort étant reliée à l'arbre de sortie du mécanisme de sortie 8 ou à la tige du corps de vanne. Le ressort 9 a pour fonction de réinitialiser rapidement l'arbre de sortie du mécanisme de sortie 8 ou la tige du corps de vanne, ce qui produit une fermeture rapide de la vanne.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN200520122947 | 2005-11-04 | ||
CN200520122947.6 | 2005-11-04 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2007051373A1 true WO2007051373A1 (fr) | 2007-05-10 |
Family
ID=38005430
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CN2006/000639 WO2007051373A1 (fr) | 2005-11-04 | 2006-04-11 | Actionneur rapide a fonctionnement electrique |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
WO (1) | WO2007051373A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108843777A (zh) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-11-20 | 宁波智启机电有限公司 | 一种红外控制的管状电机减速箱 |
CN111577853A (zh) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-08-25 | 安徽环球传动科技有限公司 | 一种电磁式回转支承底圈传动装置及方法 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4621789A (en) * | 1985-11-04 | 1986-11-11 | Rikuo Fukamachi | Electrically driven valve |
US4741508A (en) * | 1987-04-13 | 1988-05-03 | Rikuo Fukamachi | Actuator for valve |
CN2353989Y (zh) * | 1998-12-07 | 1999-12-15 | 王瑞珍 | 一种电动执行器 |
-
2006
- 2006-04-11 WO PCT/CN2006/000639 patent/WO2007051373A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4621789A (en) * | 1985-11-04 | 1986-11-11 | Rikuo Fukamachi | Electrically driven valve |
US4741508A (en) * | 1987-04-13 | 1988-05-03 | Rikuo Fukamachi | Actuator for valve |
CN2353989Y (zh) * | 1998-12-07 | 1999-12-15 | 王瑞珍 | 一种电动执行器 |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108843777A (zh) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-11-20 | 宁波智启机电有限公司 | 一种红外控制的管状电机减速箱 |
CN108843777B (zh) * | 2018-08-28 | 2023-11-10 | 宁波智启机电有限公司 | 一种红外控制的管状电机减速箱 |
CN111577853A (zh) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-08-25 | 安徽环球传动科技有限公司 | 一种电磁式回转支承底圈传动装置及方法 |
CN111577853B (zh) * | 2020-05-15 | 2023-02-21 | 安徽环球传动科技有限公司 | 一种电磁式回转支承底圈传动装置及方法 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4113063A (en) | Mechanical stored energy positioning actuator | |
CN201258999Y (zh) | 调节型直行程阀门驱动装置 | |
CN106414875B (zh) | 闭合闩锁机构 | |
JPS61245224A (ja) | 二速車軸シフト装置 | |
CN100386549C (zh) | 速动电动执行器 | |
WO2007051373A1 (fr) | Actionneur rapide a fonctionnement electrique | |
RU2663824C1 (ru) | Устройство, имеющее передаточный механизм с муфтой свободного хода со звеном свободного хода | |
US7942073B2 (en) | Device for transmitting rotary motion | |
JPH1182546A (ja) | 摩擦クラッチの自動断続装置 | |
CN104595497A (zh) | 一种新型智能燃气表电机阀 | |
US2286597A (en) | Valve control | |
JP2662671B2 (ja) | 電動弁 | |
JP2681573B2 (ja) | バルブ用アクチュエータの手動操作装置 | |
WO2013155649A1 (fr) | Mécanisme de commande de vitesse variable à rotation en sens inverse | |
CN100543264C (zh) | 单扇或双扇门的驱动装置 | |
CN104033642A (zh) | 紧急关断阀电动装置 | |
CN204187091U (zh) | 紧急关断阀电动装置 | |
RU2564157C2 (ru) | Приводное устройство для трубопроводной арматуры | |
RU81279U1 (ru) | Устройство управления запорно-регулирующим органом трубопроводной арматуры | |
RU179542U1 (ru) | Электропривод с ручным дублером | |
TWI272629B (en) | Spring operator for switch | |
CN204403393U (zh) | 一种新型智能燃气表电机阀 | |
CN2929404Y (zh) | 一种螺杆阀传动装置 | |
RU101763U1 (ru) | Устройство управления запорно-регулирующим органом трубопроводной арматуры | |
RU48380U1 (ru) | Электропривод запорного органа трубопроводной арматуры |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 06722291 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |