WO2007042839A1 - Drive arrangement for rotary valve in a cryogenic refrigerator - Google Patents

Drive arrangement for rotary valve in a cryogenic refrigerator Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007042839A1
WO2007042839A1 PCT/GB2006/050309 GB2006050309W WO2007042839A1 WO 2007042839 A1 WO2007042839 A1 WO 2007042839A1 GB 2006050309 W GB2006050309 W GB 2006050309W WO 2007042839 A1 WO2007042839 A1 WO 2007042839A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotary
cryogenic refrigerator
fluid motor
rotary valve
rotary fluid
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2006/050309
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
David Crowley
Graham Gilgrass
Original Assignee
Siemens Magnet Technology Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Magnet Technology Limited filed Critical Siemens Magnet Technology Limited
Priority to US12/088,381 priority Critical patent/US20080236176A1/en
Priority to JP2008534086A priority patent/JP2009511850A/en
Publication of WO2007042839A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007042839A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/22—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of internal-axis type with equidirectional movement of co-operating members at the points of engagement, or with one of the co-operating members being stationary, the inner member having more teeth or tooth equivalents than the outer member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/12—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
    • F16K31/16—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid with a mechanism, other than pulling-or pushing-rod, between fluid motor and closure member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/12—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
    • F16K31/36—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid in which fluid from the circuit is constantly supplied to the fluid motor
    • F16K31/38—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid in which fluid from the circuit is constantly supplied to the fluid motor in which the fluid works directly on both sides of the fluid motor, one side being connected by means of a restricted passage and the motor being actuated by operating a discharge from that side
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
    • F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/006—Gas cycle refrigeration machines using a distributing valve of the rotary type

Definitions

  • Cryogenic refrigerators have a number of applications such as the liquefaction of cryogenic gases, conduction cool ing of cryostat com ponents, direct and indirect cool ing of superconductors and as a cold source for maintaining vacuum integrity.
  • Such refrigerators typically util ise a rotary valve to manage the distribution of com pressed gases such as helium , neon, nitrogen, argon or methane to and from the refrigerator's expansion chamber.
  • a mechanicall y driven two stage Gifford McMahon refrigerator employs an electric motor, for example a stepper motor, to drive a gas displacer via a "scotch-yoke" .
  • the electric motor drives a rotary valve which controls the flow of high pressure gas from a gas com pressor into the refrigerator and the return of the gasto the gas compressor.
  • Cryogenic refrigerators may also employ gas-driven gas displacers.
  • Alternative cryogenic refrigerators are of the pulse tube variety, in which the flow of com pressed gas is controlled but there is no moving gas displacer. Such refrigerators still em ploy an electric motor to operate the rotary valve.
  • a rotary drive mechanism based upon electrical excitation is either impractical or undesirable (e.g. where high magnetic fields are present, in systems which are sensitive to electromagnetic interference generated by electric motors or where the environment contains flammable materials or risk of explosion).
  • One possible solution is to distance the drive motor from the rotary valve, and provide mechanical drive connection to the rotary valve, for example by drive shafts or drive cables. In some applications, it is not desirable to have such mechanical arrangements. For this reason, it is desirable to provide a drive arrangement for the rotary valve wherein electrical excitation is not necessary.
  • the present invention accordingly provides a cryogenic refrigerator comprising a rotary valve which controls the flow of high pressure gas into the refrigerator and the return of the gas from the refrigerator, the cryogenic refrigerator further comprising a rotary fluid motor arranged to drive the rotary valve, wherein the rotary fluid motor is constructed of non-magnetic material for use in a high-strength, or sensitive, magnetic field.
  • the electric motor conventionally employed to dri ve the rotary valve in a cryogenic refrigerator is replaced by a rotary fluid motor, for exam ple a multi-vane type rotary fluid motor .
  • the rotary fluid motor is constructed of non-magnetic material for use in a high- strength, or sensitive, magnetic field.
  • the rotary fluid motor may be arranged to drive the rotary valve directly, or may be arranged to drive the rotary valve via a gearing unit. It is constructed of non-magnetic material appropriate to its application and environment, i.e. for use i n a high-strength magnetic field.
  • the rotary fluid motor may be driven by any suitable fluid, such as air, gas, water or oil .
  • a pump typically operated by an electric motor and situated remotely from the rotary fluid motor, is provided to circulate fluid to the rotary fluid motor. This is advantageous in that the electric motor may be situated away from such hazards as flammable materials, risks of explosion or sensitive magnetic fields.
  • the rotary fluid motor may also be manufactured to be tolerant of extreme temperatures, which would prevent or hinder the use of an electric motor to drive the rotary valve.
  • the rotary fluid motor is manufactured to be non-magnetic, enabling the rotary fluid motor to be employed in regions of strong, or sensitive, magnetic fields, which would prevent or hi nder the use of an electric motor to drive the rotary valve.
  • the gas used to propel the rotary fluid motor may be derived from the compressed gas supply being switched in the driven rotary valve.
  • the present invention is applied to drive a rotary valve of a cryogenic refrigerator of a cryostat used to house magnet coils of a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system .
  • NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
  • MRI magnetic resonance imaging
  • Such refrigerators operate in a high strength magnetic field, which must be kept free from interference from outside magnetic fields.
  • Such an environment is unsuitable for deployment of an electric motor since operation of the electric motor may be degraded by the high strength magnetic field, and an electric motor may generate electromagnetic interference sufficient to degrade the homogeneity of the magnetic field used for imaging .
  • the rotary valve of the cryogenic refrigerator is used to switch fluids, typi cal ly at temperatures close to room temperature.
  • a rotary fluid motor of nonmagnetic material may be provided at the rotary valve.
  • Such rotary fluid motor will not be affected by the high strength magnetic field, and will not generate any electromagnetic i nterference.
  • the rotary fluid motor may be made tolerant of the tem peratures encountered.
  • the fluid used to drive the rotary fluid motor may be derived from a high pressure gas supply being switched by the rotary valve.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrically Driven Valve-Operating Means (AREA)

Abstract

A cryogenic refrigerator comprising a rotary valve which controls the flow of high pressure gas into the refrigerator and the return of the gas from the refrigerator, the cryogenic refrigerator further comprising rotary fluid motor arranged to drive the rotary valve.

Description

DRIVE ARRANGEM ENT FOR ROTA RY VALVE I N A CRYOGEN I C REFRI GERATOR
Cryogenic refrigerators have a number of applications such as the liquefaction of cryogenic gases, conduction cool ing of cryostat com ponents, direct and indirect cool ing of superconductors and as a cold source for maintaining vacuum integrity. Such refrigerators typically util ise a rotary valve to manage the distribution of com pressed gases such as helium , neon, nitrogen, argon or methane to and from the refrigerator's expansion chamber.
I n an example of the prior art, a mechanicall y driven two stage Gifford McMahon refrigerator employs an electric motor, for example a stepper motor, to drive a gas displacer via a "scotch-yoke" . In addition, the electric motor drives a rotary valve which controls the flow of high pressure gas from a gas com pressor into the refrigerator and the return of the gasto the gas compressor.
Cryogenic refrigerators may also employ gas-driven gas displacers. Alternative cryogenic refrigerators are of the pulse tube variety, in which the flow of com pressed gas is controlled but there is no moving gas displacer. Such refrigerators still em ploy an electric motor to operate the rotary valve.
In certain circumstances, a rotary drive mechanism based upon electrical excitation is either impractical or undesirable (e.g. where high magnetic fields are present, in systems which are sensitive to electromagnetic interference generated by electric motors or where the environment contains flammable materials or risk of explosion). One possible solution is to distance the drive motor from the rotary valve, and provide mechanical drive connection to the rotary valve, for example by drive shafts or drive cables. In some applications, it is not desirable to have such mechanical arrangements. For this reason, it is desirable to provide a drive arrangement for the rotary valve wherein electrical excitation is not necessary.
The present invention accordingly provides a cryogenic refrigerator comprising a rotary valve which controls the flow of high pressure gas into the refrigerator and the return of the gas from the refrigerator, the cryogenic refrigerator further comprising a rotary fluid motor arranged to drive the rotary valve, wherein the rotary fluid motor is constructed of non-magnetic material for use in a high-strength, or sensitive, magnetic field.
According to the present invention, the electric motor conventionally employed to dri ve the rotary valve in a cryogenic refrigerator is replaced by a rotary fluid motor, for exam ple a multi-vane type rotary fluid motor . The rotary fluid motor is constructed of non-magnetic material for use in a high- strength, or sensitive, magnetic field.
The rotary fluid motor may be arranged to drive the rotary valve directly, or may be arranged to drive the rotary valve via a gearing unit. It is constructed of non-magnetic material appropriate to its application and environment, i.e. for use i n a high-strength magnetic field. The rotary fluid motor may be driven by any suitable fluid, such as air, gas, water or oil . As is conventional, a pump, typically operated by an electric motor and situated remotely from the rotary fluid motor, is provided to circulate fluid to the rotary fluid motor. This is advantageous in that the electric motor may be situated away from such hazards as flammable materials, risks of explosion or sensitive magnetic fields. The rotary fluid motor may also be manufactured to be tolerant of extreme temperatures, which would prevent or hinder the use of an electric motor to drive the rotary valve. The rotary fluid motor is manufactured to be non-magnetic, enabling the rotary fluid motor to be employed in regions of strong, or sensitive, magnetic fields, which would prevent or hi nder the use of an electric motor to drive the rotary valve.
In the case of gaseous propulsion of the rotary fluid motor, the gas used to propel the rotary fluid motor may be derived from the compressed gas supply being switched in the driven rotary valve.
In a particularly advantageous em bodiment, the present invention is applied to drive a rotary valve of a cryogenic refrigerator of a cryostat used to house magnet coils of a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system . Such refrigerators operate in a high strength magnetic field, which must be kept free from interference from outside magnetic fields. Such an environment is unsuitable for deployment of an electric motor since operation of the electric motor may be degraded by the high strength magnetic field, and an electric motor may generate electromagnetic interference sufficient to degrade the homogeneity of the magnetic field used for imaging . The rotary valve of the cryogenic refrigerator is used to switch fluids, typi cal ly at temperatures close to room temperature. A rotary fluid motor of nonmagnetic material may be provided at the rotary valve. Such rotary fluid motor will not be affected by the high strength magnetic field, and will not generate any electromagnetic i nterference. By careful selection of the material of the rotary fl uid motor and the fluid used to drive the rotary fluid motor, the rotary fluid motor may be made tolerant of the tem peratures encountered. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the fluid used to drive the rotary fluid motor may be derived from a high pressure gas supply being switched by the rotary valve.

Claims

- A - CLAIMS
1 . A cryogenic refrigerator com prising a rotary valve which controls the flow of high pressure gas into the refrigerator and the return of the gas from the refrigerator, the cryogenic refrigerator further comprising a rotary fluid motor arranged to drive the rotary valve, wherein the rotary fluid motor is constructed of non-magnetic material for use in a high- strength, or sensitive, magnetic field .
2. A cryogenic refrigerator according to clai m 1 wherei n the rotary fluid motor is a multi-vane type rotary fl uid motor
3. A cryogenic refrigerator according to any preceding claim , wherein the rotary fluid motor is arranged to drive the rotary valve via a gearing unit.
4. A cryogenic refrigerator accordi ng to any preceding claim , in association with a pump situated remotely from the rotary fluid motor, said pump being arranged to circulate fluid to the rotary fluid motor.
5. A cryogenic refrigerator according to any preceding claim , wherein the rotary fluid motor is propelled by a flow of gas derived from a compressed gas supply being switched in the rotary valve.
6. A cryogenic refrigerator accordi ng to any preceding claim , in association with a cryostat used to house magnet coils of a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system .
7. A cryogenic refrigerator substantially as described.
PCT/GB2006/050309 2005-10-07 2006-10-02 Drive arrangement for rotary valve in a cryogenic refrigerator WO2007042839A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/088,381 US20080236176A1 (en) 2005-10-07 2006-10-02 Drive Arrangement For Rotary Valve In A Cryogenic Refrigerator
JP2008534086A JP2009511850A (en) 2005-10-07 2006-10-02 Drive structure for rotary valve in cryogenic cooling system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0520389A GB2430996B (en) 2005-10-07 2005-10-07 Drive arrangement for rotary valve in a cryogenic refrigerator
GB0520389.8 2005-10-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007042839A1 true WO2007042839A1 (en) 2007-04-19

Family

ID=35429962

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2006/050309 WO2007042839A1 (en) 2005-10-07 2006-10-02 Drive arrangement for rotary valve in a cryogenic refrigerator

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20080236176A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2009511850A (en)
CN (1) CN101278160A (en)
GB (1) GB2430996B (en)
WO (1) WO2007042839A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2496573B (en) * 2011-09-27 2016-08-31 Oxford Instr Nanotechnology Tools Ltd Apparatus and method for controlling a cryogenic cooling system

Citations (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3811283A (en) * 1972-02-11 1974-05-21 Battelle Institut E V Multi-cylinder stirling gas motor with double-acting pistons
US4143520A (en) * 1977-12-23 1979-03-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Cryogenic refrigeration system
US4538416A (en) * 1983-09-29 1985-09-03 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Method and apparatus for valve motor actuation of a displacer-expander refrigerator
JPH02146471A (en) * 1988-11-28 1990-06-05 Toshiba Corp Cryogenic refrigerator
US5502968A (en) * 1992-08-20 1996-04-02 Sunpower, Inc. Free piston stirling machine having a controllably switchable work transmitting linkage between displacer and piston
US5787712A (en) * 1995-11-09 1998-08-04 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Cryogenic refrigerator
EP1158256A2 (en) * 2000-05-25 2001-11-28 Cryomech, Inc. Pulse-tube cryorefrigeration apparatus using an integrated buffer volume
US20030024252A1 (en) * 2001-08-03 2003-02-06 Shin Funayama Operation method and operation apparatus for multi-system refrigerators, and refrigerating apparatus
EP1304516A2 (en) * 2001-10-19 2003-04-23 Oxford Magnet Technology Limited Rotary valve

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JP2001509566A (en) * 1997-07-11 2001-07-24 サーモ キング コーポレイション High efficiency rotary vane motor
JP3584185B2 (en) * 1999-09-21 2004-11-04 エア・ウォーター株式会社 Refrigerator and rotary valve used therefor
US6560969B1 (en) * 2002-04-05 2003-05-13 Ge Medical Systems Global Technology, Co., Llc Pulse tube refrigeration system having ride-through

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3811283A (en) * 1972-02-11 1974-05-21 Battelle Institut E V Multi-cylinder stirling gas motor with double-acting pistons
US4143520A (en) * 1977-12-23 1979-03-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Cryogenic refrigeration system
US4538416A (en) * 1983-09-29 1985-09-03 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Method and apparatus for valve motor actuation of a displacer-expander refrigerator
JPH02146471A (en) * 1988-11-28 1990-06-05 Toshiba Corp Cryogenic refrigerator
US5502968A (en) * 1992-08-20 1996-04-02 Sunpower, Inc. Free piston stirling machine having a controllably switchable work transmitting linkage between displacer and piston
US5787712A (en) * 1995-11-09 1998-08-04 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Cryogenic refrigerator
EP1158256A2 (en) * 2000-05-25 2001-11-28 Cryomech, Inc. Pulse-tube cryorefrigeration apparatus using an integrated buffer volume
US20030024252A1 (en) * 2001-08-03 2003-02-06 Shin Funayama Operation method and operation apparatus for multi-system refrigerators, and refrigerating apparatus
EP1304516A2 (en) * 2001-10-19 2003-04-23 Oxford Magnet Technology Limited Rotary valve

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
WILL M E ET AL: "New rotary valves for pulse-tube refrigerators", CRYOGENICS, ELSEVIER, KIDLINGTON, GB, vol. 44, no. 11, November 2004 (2004-11-01), pages 793 - 800, XP004522684, ISSN: 0011-2275 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20080236176A1 (en) 2008-10-02
GB2430996B (en) 2009-08-26
GB2430996A (en) 2007-04-11
CN101278160A (en) 2008-10-01
GB0520389D0 (en) 2005-11-16
JP2009511850A (en) 2009-03-19

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