WO2006117550A1 - Circuit protection device and test facility to simulate a fault condition - Google Patents
Circuit protection device and test facility to simulate a fault condition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006117550A1 WO2006117550A1 PCT/GB2006/001606 GB2006001606W WO2006117550A1 WO 2006117550 A1 WO2006117550 A1 WO 2006117550A1 GB 2006001606 W GB2006001606 W GB 2006001606W WO 2006117550 A1 WO2006117550 A1 WO 2006117550A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- current
- protection device
- circuit protection
- test
- processing means
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
- G01R31/3271—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of high voltage or medium voltage devices
- G01R31/3272—Apparatus, systems or circuits therefor
- G01R31/3274—Details related to measuring, e.g. sensing, displaying or computing; Measuring of variables related to the contact pieces, e.g. wear, position or resistance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/62—Testing of transformers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/72—Testing of electric windings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
- H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
- H02H3/33—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers
- H02H3/334—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers with means to produce an artificial unbalance for other protection or monitoring reasons or remote control
- H02H3/335—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers with means to produce an artificial unbalance for other protection or monitoring reasons or remote control the main function being self testing of the device
Definitions
- This invention relates to a circuit protection device .
- this invention relates to a circuit protection device , such as a residual current device , which includes a test facility to simulate a fault condition to ensure reliable operation of the device .
- Circuit protection devices such as residual current devices (RCDs) are routinely used to monitor and protect against electrocution and fire risks on electrical installations.
- Fig. 1 depicts an electrical load (i.e. electrical appliance, socket or circuit) connected to an electrical supply, via the RCD 10.
- the RCD 10 consists of a toroid 12 having supply phase and neutral conductors passing therethrough, which act as the primary winding of a current transformer; a secondary winding 14 around the toroid is connected to a trip mechanism 20 via some form of detection electronics 16 and solenoid 18. Under normal conditions, the phase and neutral currents are equal and opposite, and no flux is induced in the toroid 12, and hence no current flows in the secondary winding 14.
- phase and neutral currents will no longer be balanced and flux will be induced in the toroid 12, and a current will flow in the secondary winding 14. If the current flowing in. the secondary winding 14 exceeds a predetermined fault condition, the detection electronic's 16 will activate the trip mechanism 20 opening contacts 22 in the supply conductors and thereby disconnecting the electrical supply.
- the RCD 10 As most RCDs are electromechanical devices, they should be periodically tested, usually via a test button 24 on the front of the device, to ensure reliable operation. ' As shown in Fig. 1, the RCD 10 generates a test current which simulates a fault current when the test button 24 is operated. This is done by connecting a resistance R t across the supply conductors when the test button 24 is pressed. This current is passed through the toroidal sensor 12 and a fault current is induced in the secondary winding 14, which activates the trip mechanism 20 opening contacts 22 in the supply conductors
- test current is dependent on the line voltage. To avoid variations in supply causing the test not to function, it is common to use a current which appears as much as 2.5 times that which should be required to trip the RCD. Clearly this is not an effective test of the device response.
- the test current is set by resistor Rt to match the trip threshold of the RCD and this means that each RCD rating requires a different test resistance to be connected. This makes production organisation more difficult.
- test button 24 is connected to mains voltages, which can of course cause mechanical difficulties in routing live conductors .
- RCD having an independent test current generator, as shown in Fig. 2.
- the method of operation of this RCD 10 works in a similar manner as described above, although the test current is generated by a microprocessor-controlled test signal generator 26 for injecting into the current transformer.
- an additional test winding 28 is used to inject the test signal into the toroid 12, which is then detected by the secondary winding 14.
- This system has advantages in that the test current is no longer dependent on supply voltage and does not require a different high voltage and high power test resistor for each device rating, the required test current can be programmed as required. It does however have the disadvantage of requiring an additional test winding 28.
- the test signal generator 26 can generally only generate low currents, of the order of a few milliamps, then the test coil 28 has to have many turns in order to generate a representative equivalent imbalanced current signal in the sense winding 14.
- the test signal generating means is capable of generating signal waveforms of any shape, frequency and amplitude using a set of instructions or algorithm written in software in a processing means.
- the predetermined fault condition or trip threshold of the device can also be set within the processing means by means of software.
- the test button has only to interface to a low voltage input on the processing means. Further, in use, the amplitude of the test signal is independent of mains voltage and is completely under the control of the processing means.
- a circuit protection device for detecting a current imbalance in an electrical supply, comprising: a current transformer for generating a sense current in a sense coil in response to said current imbalance in said electrical supply; processing means, connected to the output of said sense coil, said processing means processing if said sense current exceeds a predetermined fault condition; relay means, being operative from said processing means, said relay means disconnecting said electrical supply if said sense current exceeds said predetermined fault condition; and test signal generating means, being connected to the input of said sense coil, said test signal generating means injecting at least one test signal representative of said current imbalance into said sense coil.
- a method of testing the operation of a circuit protection device connecting an electrical installation to an electrical supply said circuit protection device comprising a current transformer for generating a sense current in a sense coil in response to a current imbalance in said electrical supply, and tripping mechanism responsive to the output of said current transformer for controlling the operation of said circuit protection device, the method comprising the steps of: injecting at least one test signal representative of said current imbalance directly into said sense coil of said current transformer; receiving a sense current from the output of said current transformer and comparing the magnitude of such in relation to a predetermined fault condition; and tripping said circuit protection device if said sense current exceeds said predetermined fault condition.
- said circuit protection device is a residual current device.
- said relay means further comprises a trip coil controlling main contacts in the phase and neutral of said electrical supply.
- Said relay means further comprising overload and earth fault elements.
- said circuit protection device is a digital residual current device.
- Said processing means may be provided as a microprocessor or digital signal processor.
- said microprocessor or digital signal processor includes a set of instructions or algorithm written in software.
- said predetermined fault condition is stored in said set of instructions or algorithm written in software in said processing means.
- the set of instructions or algorithm written in software in said processing means outputs at least one digital test signal which is converted to an analogue signal using at least one digital-to-analogue converter.
- Said analogue signal controls a buffer or current source which produces said at least one test signal of defined shape, frequency and amplitude for input to the sense coil.
- a signal amplifier and analogue-to-digital converter measures said sense current flowing through the sense coil.
- the output of the analogue-to-digital converter being a digital signal representative of the current flowing in the sense coil which is then processed in said processing means and compared with said predetermined fault condition.
- said buffer or current source may be implemented using a first operational amplifier.
- Said signal amplifier may be provided using a second operational amplifier configured as trans-resistance amplifier.
- the digital signal representative of the current flowing in the sense coil is processed to calculate an RMS sense current level, which is then input to the processing means.
- said at least one test signal representative of said current imbalance is not more than two times the rated residual current.
- test signals of any defined shape, frequency and amplitude are injected into the sense coil.
- said at least one test signal is a DC pulse.
- a circuit protection device in accordance with the present invention at least addresses the problems outlined above.
- the advantages of the present invention are that a device and method are provided to enable the operation of a circuit protection device to be quickly and accurately evaluated.
- the at least one test signal is mains voltage independent and all device ratings can be verified without the need for high power resistors.
- the present invention also has the advantage of not requiring an additional test coil, thus simplifying manufacture, and so reducing costs.
- the test signal generating means is capable of generating signal waveforms of any shape, frequency and amplitude using a set of instructions or algorithm written in software in the processing means.
- the predetermined fault condition or trip threshold of the device can also be set within the processing means by means of software.
- the test button has only to interface to a low voltage input on the processing means. Further advantageously, the amplitude of the test signal is completely under the control of the processing means.
- Fig. 1 shows schematically the operation of a known electromechanical RCD which includes a test facility to simulate a fault condition
- Fig. 2 illustrates an alternative prior art technique for use with digital RCDs which includes a separate microprocessor-controlled current generator for injecting a test current into a separate test coil wound on the toroid;
- Fig. 3 shows schematically how the present invention is implemented in a digital RCD
- Fig. 4 illustrates schematically further detail of how a test signal representative of a fault condition is generated and compared according to the present invention
- Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram which illustrates how a test signal representative of a fault condition can be generated in one example of the present invention.
- Fig. 6 is a circuit diagram which illustrates alternative techniques for generating test signals according to the present invention.
- a circuit protection device according to the present invention is shown schematically in Fig. 3.
- the circuit protection device of the present invention is realised as a digital RCD 30, implemented using a processing means 36 such as microprocessor or digital signal processor.
- the digital RCD 30 protects an electrical installation or load, which is connected to an electrical supply.
- the phase and neutral cables from the supply to the load are passed through a toroid 32.
- the toroid 32 On the toroid 32 is wound a sense coil 34; the toroid 32 and sense coil 34 arrangement being referred to as a current transformer, i.e.
- phase and neutral currents are equal and opposite, and no flux is induced in the toroid 32, and hence no current flows in the sense coil 34. If a fault condition occurs, and current flows through the earth path back to the electrical supply, the phase and neutral currents will no longer be balanced and flux will be induced in the toroid 32, and a sense current will flow in the sense coil 34.
- the output of the sense coil 34 is taken to processing means 36.
- the analogue signal from the output of the sense coil 34 is first converted to digital form by any suitable type of analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) available in the art.
- ADC analogue-to-digital converter
- a set of instructions or algorithm written in software in the processing means 36 contuinally compares the sense current from the sense coil 34 with a predetermined fault condition or trip threshold. In the event that that the sense current exceeds the predetermined fault condition, the processing means 36 ' activates a relay 38 to open the trip mechanism 40 opening contacts 42 in the supply conductors.
- the RCD 30 also includes a test signal generating means 44 to simulate a fault condition to ensure reliable operation of the device.
- the test signal generating means 44 is under the control of the processing means 36 and is capable of generating test current signal waveforms of any shape, frequency and amplitude using any suitable type of digital-to-analogue converter (DAC) (not shown) available in the art.
- DAC digital-to-analogue converter
- the output of the test signal generating means 44 is fed to the sense coil 34 wound on toroid 32.
- a test button 46 is included to simulate a fault condition, although, in use, it is understood that such button 46 is provided by any suitable electronic switch under the control of the processing means 36.
- test signal generated by the test signal generating means 44 is effectively added to any existing fault or imbalance current in the sense coil 34, and, after being first converted to digital form, it is this signal that is compared to the predetermined fault or threshold condition in the processing means 36. In this way, it is clear that the continuity of the sense coil 34 on the toroidal core 32 is tested by such means. If continuity is lost, then the device will not trip when the test button 46 is pressed.
- Fig. 4 illustrates in further detail how the test signal representative of a fault condition is generated and compared under the control of appropriate digital signals from the processing means 36.
- the blocks to the left of the processing means 36 shown in Fig 4. are representative of the test signal generating means 44 shown in Fig. 3, and show further detail of how the test signals are generated in the sense coil 34 and then compared to the predetermined fault or threshold condition in processing means 36.
- test button 46 When test button 46 is closed to test the operation of a circuit protection device, the set of instructions or algorithm written in software in processing means 36 produces an appropriate digital signal which is converted to analogue form using DAC 48.
- the analogue output of DAC 48 controls a buffer or current source 50 which produces test signal waveforms of defined shape, frequency and amplitude for input to the sense coil 34.
- An amplifier 52 and ADC 54 then measure the current flowing through the sense coil 34.
- the output of ADC 54 is then a digital signal representative of the current flowing in the sense coil 34 which is then processed in the processing means 36 and compared with a predetermined trip threshold or fault condition, which is also set within the processing means 36 by means of software. If the sensed current exceeds a predetermined fault condition, then the processing means 36 activates the trip mechanism 40, as described above in respect of Fig. 3.
- the set of instructions or algorithm written in software in the processing means 36 contuinally compares the sense current from the sense coil 34 with this predetermined fa ⁇ lt or threshold condition.
- the user can simply depress the test button 46 and it is also envisaged that the software in the processing means 36 routinely injects a test signal representative of a fault condition in the sense coil 34 as a background test.
- the processing means 36 will not activate the trip mechanism 40 and the electrical supply will not be disconnected.
- Fig. 5 shows one approach using operational amplifiers in conjunction with appropriate digital signals to generate suitable test signals for a variety of sense coils 34.
- the circuit shown in Fig. 4 depicts one example of a test signal generating means 44 shown in Fig. 3 under the control of appropriate digital signals from the processing means 36.
- a test signal voltage is generated at the DAC 48 and a first operational amplifier UlB uses feedback to convert this to a current source.
- This current is injected into the sense coil 34.
- the magnitude of the current can be controlled by setting an appropriate voltage and careful selection of the current sense resistor R 2 , which is typically 50 ⁇ . This gives a defined measurable test current which can be measured by a second operational amplifier UlA which is configured as a trans-resistance amplifier 52 and ADC 54.
- the trans-resistance of the amplifier 52 having a trans-resistance defined by the value of resistor Ri.
- the output of the ADC 54 is then processed to calculate the RMS sense current level, which is then input to the processing means 36.
- This technique would be able to detect all faults except for those relating to the toxoid core's magnetic properties.
- the circuit would not be affected by any existing leakage currents, so the test signal need not be more than two times the rated residual current.
- disconnecting the normal analogue ground and connecting the current source during a test procedure would also require separate analogue switches (not shown) to be connected in the test path.
- the circuit of Fig. 6 depicts a test signal generation stage and amplification stage with three possible test signal options.
- these are labelled DAC O/Pl, DAC 0/P2 and DAC 0/P3.
- all three outputs would be set to high impedance and only driven as outputs for the purposes of a test.
- All signals DAC O/Pl, DAC O/P2 and DAC O/P3 may be generated using any form of digital-to-analogue conversion method.
- Test signal generation by output DAC O/Pl provides an additional current injected into the test path, i.e. the toroid and sense coil 34.
- the magnitude of the current can be controlled by careful selection of a limiting resistor (not shown) and setting the DAC 48 voltage. This would give a defined measurable test current, which is also measured by the microcontroller's converter 54.
- Test signal DAC O/Pl provides for detection of measurement system faults, but not sense coil 34 winding or magnetic faults. The test signal is ' added to any standing fault currents and so its magnitude, frequency, and phase have to be taken into account.
- Test signal generation by output DAC 0/P2 changes the operational amplifier' s UlA Virtual earth' potential and so forces a current to flow through the sense coil 34. Because of the nature of the shifting ⁇ virtual earth' , the dynamic range of the test signal is reduced by a factor of two, but it can be easily driven by a high impedance DAC 48 output. Again, the test current generated would be measured by the measurement system of the second operational amplifier UlA which is configured as a trans-resistance amplifier 52 and ADC 54. If the sense coil 34 is disconnected the amplifier would still 'see' the test signal.
- Test signal generation by output DAC 0/P3 changes the toroid analogue ground potential and so forces a current to flow through the toroid. In this case the full signal dynamic range is available, but it requires a buffer amplifier UlB to provide a low impedance voltage source. The generated current is then measured in exactly the same way as above in respect of DAC 0/P2, however, if the coil is disconnected the measurement system would not ⁇ see' the test signal.
- test voltage of a given magnitude would generate a test current in the toroid dependent on the toroid inductance
- test signal would ideally be a DC pulse, which should cause the toroid current to increase linearly.
- This increasing toroid current could be measured by the trans-resistance amplifier and compared to its expected performance. Any discrepancy would indicate a fault.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP06726983A EP1883828A1 (en) | 2005-05-04 | 2006-05-03 | Circuit protection device and test facility to simulate a fault condition |
AU2006243066A AU2006243066B2 (en) | 2005-05-04 | 2006-05-03 | Circuit protection device and test facility to simulate a fault condition |
ZA2007/10553A ZA200710553B (en) | 2005-05-04 | 2007-12-04 | Circuit protection device and test facility to simulate a fault condition |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB0509045.1A GB0509045D0 (en) | 2005-05-04 | 2005-05-04 | Circuit protection device and test facility to simulate a fault condition |
GB0509045.1 | 2005-05-04 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2006117550A1 true WO2006117550A1 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
Family
ID=34674285
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB2006/001606 WO2006117550A1 (en) | 2005-05-04 | 2006-05-03 | Circuit protection device and test facility to simulate a fault condition |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1883828A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2006243066B2 (en) |
GB (1) | GB0509045D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006117550A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200710553B (en) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2235806A2 (en) * | 2008-01-29 | 2010-10-06 | Advanced Energy Industries, Inc. | System and method for ground fault detection and interruption |
ITRM20090527A1 (en) * | 2009-10-12 | 2011-04-13 | Univ Roma | INSTRUMENT AND CALIBRATION METHOD FOR TEST DEVICES OF DIFFERENTIAL SWITCHES |
US8849471B2 (en) | 2008-09-13 | 2014-09-30 | Moixa Energy Holdings Limited | Systems, devices and methods for electricity provision, usage monitoring, analysis, and enabling improvements in efficiency |
ITBO20130405A1 (en) * | 2013-07-26 | 2015-01-27 | Ht Italia S R L | DEVICE TO ASSESS THE CORRECT FUNCTIONING OF DIFFERENTIAL TYPE OF PROTECTION UNITS |
CN104575203A (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2015-04-29 | 国家电网公司 | Three-level residual current operated protection simulated practice training system |
CN104656629A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2015-05-27 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Contactor-used sintering detection device and method |
EP3148029A1 (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2017-03-29 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Fault protection devices and methods for power systems |
EP3882944A1 (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2021-09-22 | Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. | Pyro igniter circuit and testing method |
US11605945B2 (en) | 2020-03-18 | 2023-03-14 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Pyro igniter circuit and testing method |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105203950A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2015-12-30 | 山东省产品质量检验研究院 | Operating device for electrical life test of residual current operated circuit breaker and application of operating device |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4156181A (en) * | 1978-03-22 | 1979-05-22 | Teass Horace A Jr | Ratio circuit |
US4169243A (en) | 1978-04-28 | 1979-09-25 | Burr-Brown Research Corp. | Remote sensing apparatus |
DE4432643A1 (en) | 1994-09-14 | 1996-03-21 | Rainer Dipl Phys Berthold | Contact arrangement for fault-current (FI) circuit breaker for e.g. refrigerators or freezers |
DE19619629C1 (en) | 1996-05-15 | 1997-10-09 | Aeg Sensorsysteme Gmbh | Automatic monitoring method and device for fault-current circuit breakers |
US6421214B1 (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2002-07-16 | Pass & Seymour, Inc. | Arc fault or ground fault detector with self-test feature |
-
2005
- 2005-05-04 GB GBGB0509045.1A patent/GB0509045D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2006
- 2006-05-03 EP EP06726983A patent/EP1883828A1/en active Pending
- 2006-05-03 AU AU2006243066A patent/AU2006243066B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-05-03 WO PCT/GB2006/001606 patent/WO2006117550A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2007
- 2007-12-04 ZA ZA2007/10553A patent/ZA200710553B/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4156181A (en) * | 1978-03-22 | 1979-05-22 | Teass Horace A Jr | Ratio circuit |
US4169243A (en) | 1978-04-28 | 1979-09-25 | Burr-Brown Research Corp. | Remote sensing apparatus |
DE4432643A1 (en) | 1994-09-14 | 1996-03-21 | Rainer Dipl Phys Berthold | Contact arrangement for fault-current (FI) circuit breaker for e.g. refrigerators or freezers |
DE19619629C1 (en) | 1996-05-15 | 1997-10-09 | Aeg Sensorsysteme Gmbh | Automatic monitoring method and device for fault-current circuit breakers |
US6421214B1 (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2002-07-16 | Pass & Seymour, Inc. | Arc fault or ground fault detector with self-test feature |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2235806A4 (en) * | 2008-01-29 | 2014-07-30 | Advanced Energy Ind Inc | System and method for ground fault detection and interruption |
EP2235806A2 (en) * | 2008-01-29 | 2010-10-06 | Advanced Energy Industries, Inc. | System and method for ground fault detection and interruption |
US11418040B2 (en) | 2008-09-13 | 2022-08-16 | Moixa Energy Holdings Limited | Aggregating and managing recharging of portable/EV batteries via sockets |
US8849471B2 (en) | 2008-09-13 | 2014-09-30 | Moixa Energy Holdings Limited | Systems, devices and methods for electricity provision, usage monitoring, analysis, and enabling improvements in efficiency |
US11971018B2 (en) | 2008-09-13 | 2024-04-30 | Moixa Energy Holdings Limited | Systems, devices and methods for electricity provision, usage monitoring, analysis, and enabling improvements in efficiency |
US11437822B2 (en) | 2008-09-13 | 2022-09-06 | Moixa Energy Holdings Limited | Systems, devices and methods for electricity provision, usage monitoring, analysis, and enabling improvements in efficiency |
ITRM20090527A1 (en) * | 2009-10-12 | 2011-04-13 | Univ Roma | INSTRUMENT AND CALIBRATION METHOD FOR TEST DEVICES OF DIFFERENTIAL SWITCHES |
ITBO20130405A1 (en) * | 2013-07-26 | 2015-01-27 | Ht Italia S R L | DEVICE TO ASSESS THE CORRECT FUNCTIONING OF DIFFERENTIAL TYPE OF PROTECTION UNITS |
CN104656629A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2015-05-27 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Contactor-used sintering detection device and method |
CN104575203A (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2015-04-29 | 国家电网公司 | Three-level residual current operated protection simulated practice training system |
US9859085B2 (en) | 2015-09-23 | 2018-01-02 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Fault protection devices and methods for power systems |
EP3148029A1 (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2017-03-29 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Fault protection devices and methods for power systems |
EP3882944A1 (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2021-09-22 | Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. | Pyro igniter circuit and testing method |
US11605945B2 (en) | 2020-03-18 | 2023-03-14 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Pyro igniter circuit and testing method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2006243066A1 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
GB0509045D0 (en) | 2005-06-08 |
AU2006243066B2 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
ZA200710553B (en) | 2008-10-26 |
EP1883828A1 (en) | 2008-02-06 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
AU2006243066B2 (en) | Circuit protection device and test facility to simulate a fault condition | |
US11009558B2 (en) | Current measurement | |
US6191589B1 (en) | Test circuit for an AFCI/GFCI circuit breaker | |
KR100299015B1 (en) | Ground fault and sputtering arc trip device of self-test circuit breaker | |
CN101282035B (en) | Residual current devices | |
EP2649462B1 (en) | Method and apparatus for sensing ground leakage and automated self testing thereof | |
US7852606B2 (en) | Self-testing circuit interrupting device | |
US7944654B2 (en) | Multiple-pole circuit breaker with shared current sensor for arcing fault detection | |
CN1842951B (en) | Method and safety device for ground fault protection circuit | |
CN102792539A (en) | Method and apparatus for supervisory circuit for ground fault circuit interrupt device | |
US8183869B2 (en) | Circuit interrupter with continuous self-testing feature | |
EP0890112B1 (en) | Testing electrical installations | |
Ahmadi et al. | Online sensitive turn-to-turn fault detection in power transformers | |
Czapp et al. | Verification of safety in low-voltage power systems without nuisance tripping of residual current devices | |
US7221548B2 (en) | Residual-current circuit breaker and a method for testing the reliability performance of a residual-current circuit breaker | |
US6765390B2 (en) | Diagnostic wiring verification tester | |
Neamt et al. | Considerations about fault loop impedance measurement in TN low-voltage network | |
Stringer et al. | Testing and performance of transformer differential relays | |
EP1591797A1 (en) | Circuit breakers test device | |
CN107548510B (en) | Demagnetizer and method for transformer core demagnetization | |
RU137640U1 (en) | THREE-PHASE LOAD PROTECTION DEVICE | |
Stringer et al. | Real-time transient testing and performance of transformer differential relays | |
WO2009155661A1 (en) | A bypass device for safety switch testing | |
JPH02136020A (en) | Protective relay | |
MXPA05005400A (en) | Residual current devices |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Country of ref document: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2006726983 Country of ref document: EP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: RU |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2006243066 Country of ref document: AU |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Country of ref document: RU |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2006243066 Country of ref document: AU Date of ref document: 20060503 Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2006243066 Country of ref document: AU |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2006726983 Country of ref document: EP |