WO2006114278A1 - Element palier - Google Patents

Element palier Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2006114278A1
WO2006114278A1 PCT/EP2006/003817 EP2006003817W WO2006114278A1 WO 2006114278 A1 WO2006114278 A1 WO 2006114278A1 EP 2006003817 W EP2006003817 W EP 2006003817W WO 2006114278 A1 WO2006114278 A1 WO 2006114278A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bearing element
surface layer
bearing
pores
element according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2006/003817
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Norbert Beyer
Original Assignee
Alcove Management Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcove Management Gmbh filed Critical Alcove Management Gmbh
Publication of WO2006114278A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006114278A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/14—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • F16C33/102—Construction relative to lubrication with grease as lubricant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
    • F16C33/106—Details of distribution or circulation inside the bearings, e.g. details of the bearing surfaces to affect flow or pressure of the liquid
    • F16C33/1075—Wedges, e.g. ramps or lobes, for generating pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a bearing element for a lubricated or unlubricated bearing pairing, in particular a plain bearing, a bearing formed therefrom and a use of a surface layer to reduce sliding wear and a method for producing such a bearing element or bearing.
  • a low wear in particular sliding wear
  • the bearing surface formed by a bearing element is desired. So it is essential a long life of the bearing or bearing element. Furthermore, low friction is desirable.
  • DE 101 557 316 A1 deals primarily with the nanoscopically rough design of a bearing surface, in particular by etching the bearing surface.
  • the abutment surface may, if necessary, be provided with an aluminum oxide layer with fine, outwardly open pores having an average diameter of 100 to 1000 nm, which serve for the additional uptake of particles and / or as a lubricant reservoir.
  • DE 101 57 316 Al gives no other information on the formation of pores or abutment surface.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a bearing element for a lubricated or unlubricated bearing pair, in particular a plain bearing, a bearing, a use of a surface layer and a method for producing a bearing element, with good, cost-effective production good storage properties and high Life are available.
  • One aspect of the present invention is to provide a bearing element with a surface layer having outwardly open pores formed by anodic oxidation of the surface layer to alumina without template.
  • the pores at least for the most part, do not communicate with one another, so that substances taken up by the pores, such as lubricants, lubricant additives, moisture or the like, can not be pressed out laterally under load.
  • the surface layer is amorphous and formed on average less than 100 microns thick.
  • a very good, durable connection of the surface layer with the support arranged thereunder is made possible, in particular, by the surface layer of a support consisting of aluminum or an aluminum alloy being oxidized anodically to aluminum oxide.
  • a further aspect of the present invention which can also be implemented independently, is that the pores do not serve as a lubricant reservoir, but primarily serve to absorb moisture or lubricant additives, in particular oil additives, and are designed accordingly.
  • the pores are designed to be small compared to the prior art.
  • the average diameter of the pores is preferably less than 250 nm, in particular less than 100 nm.
  • This design is based on the fact that the lubricant as such does not necessarily have to be present. Rather, often satisfy the much smaller lubricant additive molecules or even moisture to achieve improved storage properties, especially in boundary friction and mixed friction or the transition from static friction to sliding friction.
  • the small pores allow in particular a much better fixation of molecules, such as lubricant additives, so that compared to the prior art result in much better storage properties.
  • FIGURE shows a schematic section of a proposed bearing with a proposed bearing element.
  • sectional view is not to scale and is for illustrative purposes only.
  • the illustrated, proposed bearing element 1 serves to form a lubricated or unlubricated bearing pairing.
  • the illustration shows a slide bearing 2.
  • rolling movements such as rolling wear, can also be superimposed.
  • the proposed bearing element 1 can be used for any type of storage or in any other way as a particularly wear-resistant component.
  • the bearing element 1 has a surface layer 3 with a plurality of pores 4. At least the majority of the pores 4 are open towards the outside and are not connected with each other, so they do not communicate with each other.
  • the pores 4 are preferably formed free of template exclusively by anodic oxidation of the surface layer 3 to aluminum oxide. This is possible in principle, as described, for example, in J.P. O'Sullivan et al., Proc. Royal Soc. London, 317, 511 (1970), H. Masuda; Applied Physical Letters, 79/19, L127 (1997) or H. Masuda, J. Electrochem Soc. 144/5, 857 (1997).
  • the surface layer 3 preferably consists at least substantially of aluminum oxide, at least in the surface regions which are provided with the pores 4. However, if necessary, the surface layer may also contain other additives or other ingredients.
  • the surface layer 3 is preferably formed amorphous in order to achieve a comparatively high flexibility for an inorganic material, which is beneficial for a high durability and thus durability.
  • the surface layer 3 has in the illustrated embodiment, an average thickness of less than 100 .mu.m, in particular less than 75 .mu.m, more preferably about 50 microns or less, possibly even only of a few microns or a few hundred nanometers.
  • the pores 4 are preferably designed to accommodate small molecules 5, in particular lubricant additives or the like. This can be achieved on the one hand by correspondingly hydrophilic or hydrophobic formation of the pores 4 and / or on the other hand by appropriate dimensioning of the pores 4.
  • the average, preferably substantially constant diameter D of the pores 4 is preferably less than 250 nm, in particular less than 100 nm.
  • the pores 4 are substantially cylindrical and / or uniform and / or have a small variance in terms of their size and / or are evenly distributed over the surface.
  • the areal density of the pores 4 is preferably at least 10 ⁇ 10 5 / mm 2 , in particular at least 2 ⁇ 10 5 / mm 2 or 5 ⁇ 10 5 / mm 2 .
  • the bearing element 1 preferably has a carrier 6, which is preferably covered uniformly thick by the surface layer 3, at least in the region of the bearing surface formed by the bearing element 1 or surface layer 4.
  • the carrier 6 is preferably completely or partially at least in relevant surface areas of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. However, the carrier 6 may, if necessary, also from another Ven- metal or the like exist or at least contain such and / or other ingredients.
  • the carrier 6 or its surface layer 3 is preferably mechanically processed, for example, turned off, lapped, honed, polished or the like, exclusively before the anodic oxidation. Subsequently, the anodic oxidation of the surface layer 3 to alumina takes place, the pores 4 in particular exclusively through the Anodic oxidation are formed without a template. Accordingly, a very simple production, since a previous / additional coating and / or a subsequent mechanical processing - in particular a machining - is not required or are.
  • the anodization preferably takes place at a relatively low rate of layer growth of preferably at most 1 to 100 nm / h, more preferably approximately 1 to 20 nm / h.
  • the oxidation is preferably carried out potentiostatically at a voltage of preferably at most 5 to 200 V, more preferably about 10 to 100 V for about 30 minutes to 72 hours.
  • the electrolyte used for the oxidation is preferably oxalic acid, sulfuric acid, chromic acid and / or phosphoric acid. Additionally or alternatively, polyprote organic and inorganic acids, such as malonic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid or mixtures of those mentioned, are suitable.
  • the oxidation is preferably carried out at a temperature of - 15 ° C and + 30 ° C, especially at about -5 ° C to + 15 ° C, more preferably about 0 ° C or 10 ° C, to the desired hardness, structure o to reach the like.
  • a preferably at least substantially uniform thickness of the anodically oxidized surface layer 3 is achieved, and the surface condition or roughness of the mechanical treatment carried out prior to the anodic oxidation is at least substantially retained.
  • the average roughness Ra is preferably at most 5 ⁇ m, in particular only up to 2 ⁇ m or 1 ⁇ m.
  • the roughness depth R ⁇ ie the maximum height difference between an elevation and a depression, is preferably at most 5 .mu.m, in particular only up to 2 .mu.m or 1 .mu.m.
  • the ratio of lubricant thickness to roughness (average roughness) of the surface layer 3 is preferably at least 3.0, so that very good bearing properties are achieved.
  • the surface layer 3 need not consist exclusively of aluminum oxide, as already explained.
  • the surface layer 3 may be modified, interrupted or interspersed by inclusions of other material or other composition and / or by elevations of the carrier 6. This may be advantageous in particular with regard to a high abrasion resistance.
  • the surface layer 3 contains embedded in the alumina itself preferably foreign ions and / or atoms, in a proportion of at least 0, 1%, in particular at least 1% and / or less than 10%, especially about 2% to 7%.
  • This proportion of foreign ions or atoms is conducive to the preferred amorphous and / or flexible formation of the surface layer 3.
  • Source of these foreign ions are the acids used in the electrolyte and their corresponding anions, and optionally other additives in the electrolyte.
  • the proposed surface layer 3 and the bearing element 1 have a high stability with low abrasion and an extremely high impact resistance or resistance, although aluminum or aluminum alloys usually show no such resistance.
  • Experiments with flows impinging on the surface layer 3 at high speed have shown that the surface layer 3 is so durable and durable that damage to the underlying, non-anodized support material often occurs first.
  • This resistance, together with the abrasion resistance of the proposed surface layer 3, means that the proposed surface layer 3 and the bearing element 1 can be used very universally for particularly highly stressed bearing pairings.
  • the proposed bearing element 1 or the surface layer 3 forms a bearing surface, the mixed friction - especially when paired with metal, more preferably iron or steel - a surprisingly low coefficient of friction of less than 0.1, in particular only 0 , 04 to 0.07 or even less shows.
  • motor oil or any other suitable lubricant such as oils, fats or water, comes into consideration as a lubricant.
  • Zinc thiosulfate is preferably used as a lubricant additive.
  • the bearing element 1 or at least the surface layer 3 is extremely resistant, in particular in a corrosive environment, for example in an internal combustion engine, and / or at elevated temperature, in particular up to about 1100 ° C.
  • the bearing 2 with the bearing element 1 and an abutment element 7 is shown.
  • the bearing element 1 or the surface layer 3 forms the preferred bearing surface provided with the pores 4.
  • the counter bearing element 7 forms an abutment surface 8, which is paired with the bearing surface or is in contact or can be brought and which slides in particular on the bearing surface and / or rolls.
  • the bearing 2 can be, for example, two guide rails or slide rails which slide on one another.
  • a rail forming the first bearing element 1 is provided with the proposed surface layer 3.
  • Another rail forms the counter-bearing element 7 with the abutment surface 8 of the bearing 2. It is preferably not coated or provided with a (not shown) preferably corresponding or similar surface layer 3.
  • the rails are preferably made of aluminum, an aluminum alloy or another material which may be coated with aluminum. For example, this is a non-lubricated bearing pairing. For lubrication already the ambient humidity is sufficient. Preferably, however, a lubricant or lubricant additive is taken up by the pores 4.
  • the aforementioned bearing pairing or the bearing 2 explained with reference to the illustration example can be used in particular for aircraft in order to reduce the friction to or between aluminum rails or profiles, in particular in the case of freight containers, such that a simpler manual displacement of the freight containers without additional conveyors is facilitated.
  • the carrier 6 or the bearing element 1 can also form or represent a seal, in particular a molded seal or a sealing ring.
  • the illustrated carrier 6 is then designed accordingly. In this case, sealing takes place against the element 7 or its surface 8.
  • the carrier 6 or the bearing element 1 can also form or represent a valve stem, a valve guide or another valve element or an actuator, control element, actuating drive or the like.
  • the illustrated carrier 6 is then formed accordingly.
  • the element or part 7 then interacts with the surface layer 3 in a corresponding manner.
  • the carrier 6 or the bearing element 1 can also form or represent an engine piston of an internal combustion engine.
  • the illustrated carrier 6 is then formed accordingly.
  • the element 7 or its surface 8 forms the cylinder wall.
  • the proposed solution is not limited to the aforementioned uses. Rather, the proposed solution in a variety of areas, that is universally applicable.
  • the proposed solution in particular the proposed design according surface layer 3, in robots or other actuators, drives and actuators are used in which bearing pairings with aluminum or aluminum alloys or coatings of aluminum or aluminum alloys occur.
  • it is possible to reduce the static friction. This allows a smaller dimensioning of drives.
  • a robot arm or other actuator can be made lighter. This is advantageous in many respects and may in particular lead to the reduction of unwanted swinging during rapid stopping.
  • the proposed solution can generally be used for any type of component, in particular to minimize sliding wear and / or static friction and sliding friction, both lubricated and unlubricated bearing pairings. Particular preference is given to use in mixed friction.
  • aluminum when used in the present invention, it may preferably also be a suitable aluminum alloy or comparable alloy.
  • the surface layer 3 may optionally be arranged, formed or applied on the bearing element 1 or the abutment element 7 or on both.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément palier, l'utilisation d'une couche superficielle, ainsi qu'un procédé pour produire un élément palier. L'invention vise à obtenir une usure par glissement faible ainsi qu'un frottement par adhérence faible. A cet effet, l'élément palier selon l'invention présente une couche superficielle comprenant des pores qui sont ouverts vers l'extérieur, qui sont formés sans modèle par oxydation anodique de la couche superficielle en oxyde d'aluminium et qui ne communiquent pas entre eux, la couche superficielle étant amorphe et présentant une épaisseur inférieure à 100 µm. Le diamètre des pores est de préférence inférieur à 100 nm.
PCT/EP2006/003817 2005-04-25 2006-04-25 Element palier WO2006114278A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005019419 2005-04-25
DE102005019419.2 2005-04-25
DE102005020005 2005-04-27
DE102005020005.2 2005-04-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006114278A1 true WO2006114278A1 (fr) 2006-11-02

Family

ID=36809588

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2006/003817 WO2006114278A1 (fr) 2005-04-25 2006-04-25 Element palier

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2006114278A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4336920A1 (de) * 1992-11-12 1994-05-19 Ford Werke Ag Ventiltrieb mit niedriger Reibung
US6159554A (en) * 1995-10-31 2000-12-12 Volkswagen Ag Method of producing a molybdenum-steel slide surface on a light metal alloy
US6379754B1 (en) * 1997-07-28 2002-04-30 Volkswagen Ag Method for thermal coating of bearing layers
DE10157316A1 (de) * 2001-11-23 2003-06-26 Alcove Surfaces Gmbh Lager

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4336920A1 (de) * 1992-11-12 1994-05-19 Ford Werke Ag Ventiltrieb mit niedriger Reibung
US6159554A (en) * 1995-10-31 2000-12-12 Volkswagen Ag Method of producing a molybdenum-steel slide surface on a light metal alloy
US6379754B1 (en) * 1997-07-28 2002-04-30 Volkswagen Ag Method for thermal coating of bearing layers
DE10157316A1 (de) * 2001-11-23 2003-06-26 Alcove Surfaces Gmbh Lager

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