WO2006074187A2 - Method of treating brain cancer - Google Patents
Method of treating brain cancer Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006074187A2 WO2006074187A2 PCT/US2006/000122 US2006000122W WO2006074187A2 WO 2006074187 A2 WO2006074187 A2 WO 2006074187A2 US 2006000122 W US2006000122 W US 2006000122W WO 2006074187 A2 WO2006074187 A2 WO 2006074187A2
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- methyl
- quinazolin
- alkyl
- amine
- phenyl
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- 0 C*(c(N(c1nc(*)nc2c1c(*)c(*)c(S)c2*)I)*(*)*(*)c1*)*1O* Chemical compound C*(c(N(c1nc(*)nc2c1c(*)c(*)c(S)c2*)I)*(*)*(*)c1*)*1O* 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
- A61K31/517—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems, e.g. quinazoline, perimidine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
- C07D239/70—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D239/72—Quinazolines; Hydrogenated quinazolines
- C07D239/86—Quinazolines; Hydrogenated quinazolines with hetero atoms directly attached in position 4
- C07D239/94—Nitrogen atoms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
- C07D239/70—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D239/72—Quinazolines; Hydrogenated quinazolines
- C07D239/95—Quinazolines; Hydrogenated quinazolines with hetero atoms directly attached in positions 2 and 4
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
Definitions
- This invention is in the field of medicinal chemistry.
- the invention relates to compounds that are activators of caspases and inducers of apoptosis.
- the invention also relates to the use of these compounds as therapeutically effective anticancer agents, and in particular to the use of these compoi ⁇ nds in treating cancer of the brain and central nervous system (CNS).
- CNS central nervous system
- Organisms eliminate unwanted cells- by a process v ⁇ ariously known as regulated cell death, programmed cell death or apoptosis. Such cell death occurs as a normal aspect of animal development, as well as in tissue homeostasis and aging (Glucksmann, A., Biol. Rev. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 26:59-86 (1951); Glucksmarxn, A., Archives de Biologie 76:419-437 (1965); Ellis, et ah, Dev. 112:591-603 (1991); Vaux, et al, Cell 76:111-119 (1994)).
- caspase family of cysteine proteases comprises 14 different members, and more may be discovered in the future. All known caspases are synthesized as zymogens that require cleavage at an aspartyl residue prior to forming the active enzyme. Thus, caspases are capable of activating other caspases, in the manner of an amplifying cascade.
- control points are known to exist that represent points for intervention leading to activation. These control points include the CED-9-BCL-like and CED-3 -ICE-like gene family products, which are intrinsic proteins regulating the decision of a cell to survive or die and executing part of the cell death process itself, respectively (see, Schmitt, et al, Biochem. Cell. Biol.
- BCL-like, proteins include BCL-xL and BAX-alpha, which appear to function upstream of caspase activation.
- BCL- xL appears to prevent activation of the apoptotic protease cascade, whereas BAX-alpha accelerates activation of the apoptotic protease cascade.
- chemotherapeutic drugs can trigger cancer cells to undergo suicide by activating the dormant caspase cascade.
- Thiis may be a crucial aspect of the mode of action of most, if not all, known anticancer drugs (Los, et al, Blood 20:3118-3129 (1997); Friesen, et al, Nat. Med. 2:574 (1996)).
- the mechanism of action of current antineoplastic drugs frequently involves an attack at specific phases of the cell cycle.
- the cell cycle refers to the stages through which cells normally progress during their lifetime. Normally, cells exist in a resting phase termed G 0 - During multiplication, cells progress to a stage in which DNA synthesis occurs, termed S.
- M phase specific antineoplastic drugs such as vincristine, vinblastine, and paclitaxel
- S phase specific antineoplastic drugs such as vincristine, vinblastine, and paclitaxel
- M phase specific antineoplastic drugs such as vinblastine and paclitaxel
- 4-arylamino-quinazoline compounds and analogs are potent tubulin inhibitors. They are activators of the caspase cascade leading to the activation of caspase-3 and inducers or promoters of apoptosis. Thus, they are useful in treating or delaying the onset of diseases and disorders that are responsive to ttie inhibition of tubulin or to the induction of apoptosis.
- one aspect of the present invention is directed to the use orf compounds of the present invention in inhibiting tubulin, in inducing caspase activities , particularly caspase-3 activities, and inducing or promoting apoptosis, by administering the compounds to cells in vitro or in vivo in warm-blood animals, particularly mammals.
- Another aspect of the present invention is directed to the use of compounds of the present invention as therapy or prophylaxis for diseases and disorders of the brain and. CNS.
- the invention provides a method for treating cancers of the brain and CNS.
- the invention also provides a method for reducing the size or slowing the growtti of brain neoplasms, or improving the survival of patients with tumors of the brain or CNS.
- the methods comprise administering to a subject mammal in need of the treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention.
- another aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for treating or delaying the onset of diseases and disorders that are responsive to inhibition of tubulin, including but not limited to neoplastic diseases (such as cancer), psoriasis, autoimmune diseases, and fungi infection.
- the method comprises administering to a subject mammal in need of the treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention.
- Yet another aspect of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition useful for treating disorders responsive to the inhibition of tubulin and the induction of apoptosis, containing an effective amount of a compound of the present invention, preferably in admixture with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents.
- Compounds of the present invention are potent inhibitors of tubulin and can also inhibit topoisomerase activities, such as topoisomerase II-dependent conversion of supercoiled DNA to topoisomers.
- the compounds are potent and highly efficacious activators of the caspase cascade particularly caspase-3, and inducers of apoptosis. Therefore, the compounds are useful for treating diseases and disorders responsive to induction of apoptosis, inhibition of tubulin and/or inhibition of topoisomerase II.
- compounds having Formulae I-III are able to achieve adequate concentration in the brain and CNS to be effective as treatment and/or prophylaxis for diseases and disorders of the brain and CNS.
- compounds having Formulae I-III are able to treat diseases of the brain and CNS that are responsive to therapy by inducing apoptosis, activating caspases, inhibiting tubulin and/or topoisomerase in the brain.
- diseases include, for example, brain and spinal cord tumors.
- the present invention provides a method of inhibiting tubulin in cells in vitro or in warm-blood animals, particularly mammals, more particularly humans.
- inhibiting tubulin means inhibiting the polymerization (or assembly) of tubulin monomers or promoting depolymerization of microtubles (i.e., tubulin disassembly). Inhibition of tubulin can be assayed by methods known in the art.
- the present invention also provides a method for inhibiting topoisomerase II in cells in vitro or in warm-blood animals, particularly mammals, more particularly humans.
- inhibiting topoisomerase II means inhibiting the activities of the enzyme topoisomerase II in topoisomerase II-dependent conversion of supercoiled DNA to topoisomers. Inhibition of topoisomerase II activities can be assayed by methods known in the art.
- the present invention also provides a method of activating caspase, particularly caspase-3 and inducing apoptosis in cells in vitro or in warm-blood animals, particularly mammals, more particularly humans.
- activating caspase means activating or enhancing the enzymatic (protease) activity of a caspase (e.g., caspase-3) . which, if occurring inside cells, results in promoted apoptosis or cell death.
- a caspase e.g., caspase-3
- the ability of a compound in activating caspase, particularly caspase-3 can be assayed in a method as provided in Example 61 below.
- inducing apoptosis means inducing apoptosis in cells so as to cause cell death.
- the ability of a compound, to induce apoptosis can be tested by methods known in the art. Also provided are methods for treating or delaying the onset of diseases and disorders responsive to inhibiting tubulin, inhibiting topoisomerase II, activating caspase-3, or inducing apoptosis. Specific examples of such diseases and disorders are provided in details below.
- the above various methods of the present invention can be practiced by or comprise treating cells in vitro or a warm-blood animal, particularly mammal, more particularly a human with an effective amount of a compound according to the present invention.
- the phrase "treating ... with ... a compound” means either administering the compound to cells or an animal, or administering to cells or an animal the compound or another agent to cause the presence or formation of the compound inside the cells or the animal.
- the methods of the present invention comprise administering to cells in vitro or to a warm-blood animal, particularly mammal, more particularly a human, a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a compound according to the present invention.
- the methods of the present invention comprise treating cells in vitro or a warm-blood animal, particularly mammal, more particularly a human with an effective amount of a compound according to Formula I:
- R 1 is C 1-3 alkyl
- R 3 , R 4 , Re - Rs, Rio - R13 are independently halo, Ri 6 , NRi 6 Ri 7 , OR 1 ⁇ s, or SRi 6 wherein Ri 6 and Rn are independently H, Ci_ 6 alkyl, C 2 - O alkenyl, C 2 _ 6 alkynyl, or Ci_g haloalkyl provided that R 16 and Rj 7 are not both H;
- R 5 is H or C 1-3 alkyl
- R9 is H, halo, Rig, ORi 8 , SR 18 , NRi 8 Ri9, or optionally R9 and one of R 8 and Ri 0 together form a heterocycle, wherein Ri 8 and Ri 9 are independently H, Ci_ 6 alkyl, C 2 ⁇ alkenyl, C 2 _
- B, D, W, X, ⁇ and Z are independently C or N, provided that at least one of
- B and D is KT, no more than one of W, X, Y and Z are N, and when B, D, W, X, Y or Z is
- B is C and D is N. In specific embodiments of the compounds of Formula I, B is N and D is C. In specific embodiments of the compounds of Formula I, X or Y is N. In specific embodiments of the compounds of Formula I, W or Z is N.
- R_ 2 is Ci_ 3 alkyl, halo, d- 3 haloalkyl, -OCi_ 3 alkyl, -SCi_ 3 alkyl, C 3 _ 8 heterocycle (preferably morpholino), NR 2a Ci_3 alkyl, alkyl, or NR 2a (arylalkyl) wherein R 2a is H or Ci_ 3 alkyl.
- Ri is CH 3 .
- R 5 is H.
- R 3 , R 4 , R 6 -R 8 , Rio - R13 are independently H, Ci_3 alkyl, halo, NH(Ci_3 alkyl), N(Ci_ 3 alkyl) 2 , or -OCi_ 3 alkyl.
- R 9 is H, OH
- Ri is CH 2 CH 3 , or CH 3 , preferably CH 3 ;
- R 3 , R 4 , R ⁇ 5 , Ri 2 , and Ri 3 are independently H; CH 3 , Cl, NHCH 3 , N(CH 3 ) 2 , or OCH 3 ; R 5 is H;
- R 7 , Rs, Rio and R 11 are independently H, F, or OCH 3 ;
- R 9 is H, OH, Cl, CH 3 , CH 2 CH 3 , OCH 3 , OCH 2 CH 3 , OCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , SCH 3 , OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , OCH(CH 3 ) 2 , N(CHs) 2 , NHCH 3 ; or optionally R 9 and one of R 8 and Ri 0 together form 1,3- dioxolane.
- Compounds of Formula I include compounds according to Formula II:
- R 1 is Ci_3 alkyl
- R 2 is halo, R 14 , OR 14 , SR M , NR 15 Ri 4 , or alkyl wherein R !5 is C MJ alkyl, C 2 -6 alkenyl, C 2 _6 alkynyl, Ci_6 haloalkyl, C 3 _s carbocycle, C 3 _8 heterocycle, C ⁇ -io aryl, or arylalkyl and R 14 is H, C 1- ⁇ alkyl, C 2 _g alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, Ci_6 haloalkyl, C 3 _ 8 carbocycle, C 3 _ 8 heterocycle, C 6 - 10 aryl, or arylalkyl;
- R 3 , R 4 , R 6 - R 8 , Rio and R 11 are independently halo, Ri 6 , NRi 6 Rn, OR 16 , or SR 16 wherein Rig and R 17 are independently H, C 1 ⁇ 6 alkyl, C 2 _ 6 alkenyl, C 2 _ 6 alkynyl, or Ci_6 haloalkyl provided that R 16 and Ri 7 are not both H; R 5 is H or Ci_ 3 alkyl;
- R9 is H, halo, Ri 8 , ORi 8 , SR 18 , NRi 8 R 1 ⁇ or optionally R 9 and one of R 8 and Rio together form a heterocycle, wherein R 18 and R 19 are independently H, Ci_ 6 alkyl, C 2 _6 alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, or Ci_ 6 haloalkyl provided that Rig and R ⁇ are not both H; and W, X, Y and Z are independently C or N, provided that no more than one of W, X, Y and Z are N, and when W, X, Y or Z is N, then there is no substituent at the N. [0029] In specific embodiments of the compounds of Formula ⁇ , X or Y is N. In specific embodiments of ttie compounds of Formula II, W or Z is N.
- R 1 is CH 3 .
- R 5 is H.
- R 3 , R 4 , R 6 - Rs, Rio and R 11 are independently H, C]_ 3 alkyl, halo, NH(d_ 3 alkyl), N(Ci_ 3 alkyl) 2 , or -Od_ 3 alkyl.
- R 9 is H, OH
- Ri is CH 2 CH 3 , or CH 3 , preferably CH 3 ;
- R 3 , R 4 , and R 6 are independently H, CH 3 , Cl, NHCH 3 , N(CH 3 ) 2 , or OCH 3 ;
- R 5 is H;
- R 7 , R 8 , R 1O and Rn are independently H, F, or OCH 3 ;
- R 9 is H, OH, Cl, CH 3 , CH 2 CH 3 , OCH 3 , OCH 2 CH 3 , OCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , SCH 3 , OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , OCH(CH 3 ) 2 , N(CH 3 ) 2 , NHCH 3 ; or optionally R 9 and one of R 8 and R 10 together form 1,3- dioxolane.
- Another group of compounds of Formula I include compounds according to
- Ri is d_ 3 alkyl
- R 14 is HC, Ci_6 alkyl, C 2 _6 alkenyl, C 2 _6 alkynyl, Ci- ⁇ haloalkyl, C3-8 carbocycle, C 3 - S heterocycle, C 6 _io aryl, or arylalkyl;
- R 3 , R 4 , R 6 - R 8 , Rio and Rn are independently halo, R] 6 , NRi 6 Rn, ORi 6 , or SR] 6 wherein
- Ri 6 and Ri 7 are independently H, Ci_6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, or C ⁇ _ 6 haloalkyl provided that Ri 6 and Ri 7 are not both H;
- R 5 is H or Ci_ 3 alkyl
- R 9 is H, halo, Ri 8 , ORi 8 , SRig, NRi 8 Ri P , or optionally R 9 and one Of R 8 and Ri 0 together form a heterocycle, wherein Ri 8 and R i9 are independently H, C 1 - 6 alkyl, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C 2 - ⁇ alkynyl, or Ci_ 6 haloalkyl provided that Ri 8 and Ri 9 are not both H.
- R 2 is Ci_ 3 alkyl, halo
- Ci_3 haloalkyl, -OCi_ 3 alkyl, -SCi ⁇ 3 alkyl, C 3 _ 8 heterocycle (preferably morpholino), NR 2a Ci_3 alkyl, NR 2a (C O)Ci_ 3 alkyl, or NR 2a (arylalkyl) wherein R 2a is H or C ⁇ 3 alkyl.
- Ri is CH 3 .
- R 5 is H.
- R 3 , R 4 , R 6 - R 8 , Rio and R n are independently H, Ci_ 3 alkyl, halo, NH(Ci_ 3 alkyl), N(Ci_ 3 alkyl) 2 , or -OC 1 - 3 alkyl.
- R 9 is H, OH
- Ri is CH 2 CH 3 , or CH 3 , preferably CH 3 ;
- R 3 , R 4 , and R 6 are independently H, CH 3 , Cl, NHCH 3 , N(CH 3 ) 2 , or OCH 3 ;
- R 5 is H;
- R 7 , R 8 , R 1 O and R n are independently H, F, or OCH 3 ;
- R 9 is H, OH, Cl, CH 3 , CH 2 CH 3 , OCH 3 , OCH 2 CH 3 , OCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , SCH 3 , OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , OCH(CH 3 ) 2 , N(CH 3 ) 2 , NHCH 3 ; or optionally R 9 and one of R 8 and Ri 0 together form 1,3- dioxolane.
- R 3 - Re 5 R 7 , Rs, Rio and Rn are H; and
- R 9 is OCH 3 , N(CH 3 ) 2 , or NHCH 3 .
- R 8 and Rio are not both H or one H and the other halo.
- R 9 is H then R 8 and R ⁇ are not both H or one H and the other halo or alkyl or haloalkyl.
- R 9 is Ci -6 alkyl, halo, or Ci -6 haloalkyl
- R 2 is not H.
- R 9 is H then R 8 and R 1O are not both H or one H and the other halo, and R 2 is not H.
- the compounds administered in the methods of the invention are able to induce caspase activation as determined by the method and under conditions (measurement at 24 hours) described in Example 61, preferably at an EC 50 no greater than 1,000 nM, more preferably at an EC 50 no greater than about 500 nM, more preferably at an EC 50 no greater than about 200 nM, more preferably at an EC 50 no greater than about 100 nM, even more preferably at an EC 50 no greater than about 50 nM, and most preferably at an EC 50 no greater than about 10 ⁇ M.
- Also preferred in the above methods of the invention are compounds of Formulae I-III, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, that are able to inhibit tubulin at an IC5 0 of no greater than about 2,000 nM, more preferably no greater than about 1,000 nM, most preferably less than about 500 nM, as determined by methods known in the art.
- Exemplary compounds useful in the methods of the present invention are compounds provided in Examples 1-60, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof. Specific exemplary compounds include but are not limited to:
- a hydroxyalkyl group is connected to the main structure through the alkyl and the hydroxyl is a substituent on the alkyl.
- alkyl refers to both straight and branched chain radicals of up to ten carbons.
- Useful alkyl groups include straight-chained and branched Ci-I 0 alkyl groups, more preferably Ci -6 alkyl groups.
- Typical C M O alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, tert-b ⁇ tyl, 3-pentyl, hexyl and octyl groups, which may be optionally substituted.
- alkenyl as employed herein by itself or as part of another group means a straight or branched chain radical of 2-10 carbon atoms, unless the chain length is limited thereto, including at least one double bond between two of the carbon atoms in the chain.
- Typical alkenyl groups include ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 2-methyl-l- propenyl, 1-butenyl and 2-butenyl.
- alkyr ⁇ yl is used herein to mean a straight or branched cliain radical of
- Typical alkynyl groups include ethynyl, 1-propynyl, l-rnethyl-2-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 1-butynyl and 2-butynyl.
- Useful alkoxy gxoups include oxygen substituted by one of the C ⁇ o alkyl groups mentioned above, which may be optionally substituted.
- Alkoxy substin ⁇ ents include, without limitation, halo,, morpholino, amino including alkylamino and dialkylamino, and carboxy including esters therof.
- Useful alkylthio groups include sulfur substituted by one of the C 1-1 o alkyl groups mentioned above, whicti may be optionally substituted. Also included are the sulfoxides and sulfones of such alkylthio groups.
- Useful amino groups include -NH 2 , -NHR x and -NR x Ry, wherein R x and R y are
- Ci-io alkyl or cycloalkyl groups or R x and R y are combined with the N to form a ring structure, such as a pipezridine, or R x and R y are combined with the N and other group to form a ring, such as a piperazine.
- the alkyl group may be optionally substituted.
- Optional substiti ⁇ ents on the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, carbocyclic and heterocyclic groups include.de one or more halo, hydroxy, carboxyl, amino, nitro, cyano, Ci- C 6 acylamino, Ci-C 6 a.cyloxy, Ci-C 6 alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylthio, C 6 -Ci O aryl, C4-C7 cycloalkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 6 -Ci 0 aryl(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, C 6 -Ci 0 aryl(C 2 - C 6 )alkynyl, saturated and.
- Optional substituents on the aryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl and heteroaryl and heteroarylalkyl groups include one or more halo, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, C 6 -C 1O aryl, C 4 -C 7 cycloalkyl, Ci-C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl(C r C 6 )a.lkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, C 6 -Ci O aryl(C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, Ci-C 6 hydroxyalkyl, nitro, ainino, ureido, cyano, Cj-C 6 acylamino, hydroxy, thiol
- Ci -2 alkylenedioxy (e.g., methylenedioxy).
- aryl as employed herein by itself or as part of another group refers to monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic aromatic groups containing from 6 to 14 caxbons in the ring portion.
- Useful aryl groups include C 6-I4 aryl, preferably C 6-10 aryl. Typical C 6-I4 aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthrenyl, anthracenyl, indenyl, azulenyl, biphenyl, biphenylenyl and fluorenyl groups.
- Carbocycle as employed herein include cycloalkyl and partially saturated carbocyclic groups.
- Useful cycloalkyl groups are C 3-8 cycloalkyl. Typical cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclo>hexyl and cycloheptyl.
- Useful saturated or partially saturated carbocyclic groups are cycloalkyl groups as described above, as well as cycloalkenyl groups, such as cyclopentenyl, cycloheptenyl and cyclooctenyl.
- Useful halo or halogen groups include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
- arylalkyl is used herein to mean any of the above-mentioned Ci -I0 alkyl groups substituted by any of the above-mentioned C 6 - I4 aryl groups.
- the arylalkyl group is benzyl, phenethyl or naphthylmethyl.
- arylalkenyl is used herein to mean any of the above-mentioned C 2-I0 alkenyl groups substituted by any of the above-mentioned C 6-I4 aryl groups.
- arylalkynyl is used herein to mean any of the above-mentioned C 2 - I0 alkynyl groups substituted by any of the above-mentioned C 6 -I 4 aryl groups.
- aryloxy is "used herein to mean oxygen substituted by one of the above-mentioned C 6- ⁇ aryl groups, which may be optionally substituted.
- Useful aryloxy groups include phenoxy and 4-methylphenoxy.
- arylalkoxy is used herein to mean any of the above mentioned Ci-I 0 alkoxy groups substituted by any of the above-mentioned aryl groups, whicJi may be optionally substituted.
- Useful arylalkoxy groups include benzyloxy and phenethyloxy.
- Useful haloalkyl groups include C 1-10 alkyl groups substituted by one or more fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atoms, e.g., fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 1,1-difluoroethyl, chloromethyl, chlorof ⁇ uoromethyl and trichloromethyl groups.
- acylamino (acylamido) groups are any Ci -6 acyl (alkanoyl) attached to an amino nitrogen, e.g., acetamido, chloroacetamido, propionamido, butanoylamido, pentanoylamido and hexanoylamido, as well as aryl-substituted C 1-6 acylamino groups, e.g., benzoylamido, and pentafluorobenzoylamido.
- Useful acyloxy groups are any C 1-6 acyl (alkanoyl) attached to an oxy (-O-) group, e.g., formyloxy, acetoxy, propionoyloxy, butanoyloxy, pentanoyloxiy and hexanoyloxy.
- Useful saturated or partially saturated heterocyclic groups include tetrahydrofuranyl, pyranyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, quinuclidinyl, morpholinyl, isochrornanyl, chromanyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, tetronoyl and tetramoyl groups.
- aryl as employed herein by itself or as part of another group refers to monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic aromatic groups containing from 6 to 14 carbons in the ring portion.
- Useful aryl groups include C 6 -i4 aryl, preferably Cg-io aryl.
- Typical C ⁇ -14 aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthrenyl, anthracenyl, indenyl, azulenyl, biphenyl, biphenylenyl and fluorenyl groups.
- arylalkyl is used herein to mean any of the above-mentioned C 1-I o alkyl groups substituted by any of the above-mentioned C 6-14 aryl groups.
- the arylalkyl group is benzyl, phenethyl or naphthylmethyl.
- heteroaryl refers to groups having 5 to 14 ring atoms; 6, 10 or 14 ⁇ electrons shared in a cyclic array; and containing carbon atoms and 1, 2 or 3 oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur heteroatoms.
- Useful heteroaryl groups include thienyl (thiophenyl), benzo[Z>]thienyl, naphtho[2,3-£]thienyl, thianthrenyl, furyl (furanyl), isobenzofuranyl, chromenyl, xanthenyl, phenoxanthiinyl, pyrrolyl, including without limitation 2H-pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl (pyridinyl), inch ⁇ ding without limitation 2-pyridyl, 3- pyridyl, and 4-pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, 3H- indolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, purinyl, 4H-quinoliz ⁇ nyl, isoquinolyl, quinolyl, phthalzinyl,
- heteroaryl group contains a nitrogen atom in a ring
- nitrogen atom may be in the form of an N-oxide, e.g., a pyridyl N-oxide, pyrazinyl N-oxide and pyrlmidinyl N-oxide.
- heteroaryloxy is used herein to mean oxygen substituted by one of the above-mentioned heteroaryl groups, which may be optionally substituted.
- Useful heteroaryloxy groups include pyridyloxy, pyrazinyloxy, pyrrolyloxy, pyrazolyloxy, imidazolyloxy and thiophenyloxy.
- heteroarylalkoxy is used herein to mean any of the above-mentioned
- Ci-io alkoxy groups substituted by any of the abo ⁇ ve-mentioned heteroaryl groups, which may be optionally substituted.
- the present invention also provides novel compounds, which are potent tubulin inhibitors, topoisomerase II inhibitors, caspase-3 activators and/or apoptosis inducers/promoters.
- novel compounds of the present invention are represented by Formulae I-III and pharmaceutically" acceptable salts or solvates thereof.
- Some of the compounds of the present invention may exist as stereoisomers including optical isomers.
- the invention includes all stereoisomers and both the racemic mixtures of such stereoisomers as well as the individual enantiomers that may be separated according to methods that are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
- addition salts for the compounds of the present invention include inorganic and organic acid addition salts, such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, phosphate, sulphate, citrate, lactate, tartrate, maleate, fumarate, mandelate and oxalate; and inorganic and organic base addition salts with bases, such as sodium hydroxy, Tris(hydroxymetliyl)aminomethane (TRIS, tromethane) and N-methyl-glucamine.
- inorganic and organic acid addition salts such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, phosphate, sulphate, citrate, lactate, tartrate, maleate, fumarate, mandelate and oxalate
- bases such as sodium hydroxy, Tris(hydroxymetliyl)aminomethane (TRIS, tromethane) and N-methyl-glucamine.
- Examples of prodrugs of the compounds of the invention include the simple esters of carboxylic acid containing compounds (e.g., those obtained by condensation with a C 1 . 4 alcohol according to methods known in the art); esters of hydroxy containing compounds (e.g., those obtained by condensation with a C 1-4 carboxylic acid, C 3-6 dioic acid or anhydride thereof, such as succinic and fumaric anhydrides according to methods known in the art); imines of amino containing compounds (e.g., those obtained by condensation with a C 1-4 aldehyde or ketone according to methods known in the art); carbamate of amino containing compounds, such as those described by Leu, et. al., (J. Med. Chem.
- the compounds of this invention may be prepared using methods known to those skilled in the art, or the novel methods of this invention.
- the compounds of this invention with Formulae I-III can be prepared as illustrated by the exemplary reaction in Scheme 1. Reaction of optionally substituted quinazoline-2,4-dione with phosphorylchloride produces the corresponding 2,4-dichloroquinazoline, which is reacted with an optionally substituted aniline, such as N-methyl-4-methoxy-aniline, to produce the substituted 2-chloro-4-anilino-quinazoline.
- an optionally substituted aniline such as N-methyl-4-methoxy-aniline
- N-alkyl-arylamine or N-alkyl-heteroarylamine could be prepared by reaction of the arylamine or heteroarylamine with a ketone or aldehyde, such as acetone, in the presence of a reducing agent, such as NaCNBH 3 .
- a reducing agent such as NaCNBH 3 .
- the N-alkyl-arylamine or N-alkyl-heteroarylamine is then reacted with optionally substituted 2,4-dichloroquinazoline to produce the corresponding 4-substituted 2-chloro-quinazoline.
- the compound is then converted to the corresponding 4-chloro- quinazoline, such as 4-chloro-2-methyl-6-nitro-quinazoline by reaction with phosphorylchloride.
- Reaction of the 4-chloro-quinazoline, such as 4- chloro-2-methyl-6-nitro-qumazoline with a substituted arylamine or heteroarylamine, such as N-methyl-4-methoxy-aniline produces the corresponding 4-(arylamino or heteroarylamino)-quinazoline, such as substituted 2-methyl-6-nitro-4-anilino-quinazoline.
- Other substituted 2-amino-benzoic acid that can be used for the reaction include 2-amino- 4-nitro-benzoic acid, 2-amino-5-chloro-benzoic acid.
- Compounds having Formulae I-HI are activators of caspases and inducers of apoptosis.
- Compounds having Formulae I-III are also inhibitors of tubulin polymerization. Therefore, these compounds are useful in treating diseases that are responsive to activating caspases, inducing apoptosis, or inhibiting tubulin. For example, these compounds are useful in a variety of clinical conditions in which there is uncontrolled cell growth and spread of abnormal cells, such as in the case of cancer.
- Another important aspect of the present invention is the surprising discovery that compounds having Formulae I-III are able to achieve adequate exposure to the brain and CNS to be effective as treatment and/or prophylaxis for diseases and disorders of the brain and CNS.
- the invention includes a method, of treating diseases of the brain and CNS that are responsive to therapy by inducing apoptosis, activating caspases, inhibiting tubulin and/or topoisomerase in the brain.
- diseases of the brain and CNS that are responsive to therapy by inducing apoptosis, activating caspases, inhibiting tubulin and/or topoisomerase in the brain.
- diseases include, for example, brain and spinal cord tumors.
- Brain tumors can be generally classified as either primary brain tumors or metastatic brain tumors. Brain tumors are often further classified by cell type, morphology, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, immunologic markers, and/or a combination thereof. For example, brain tumors may be classified as neuroepithelial tumors (e.g. glial tumors, neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumors, and nonglial tumors), meningeal tumors, germ cell tumors, tumors of the sellar region, primary CNS lymphoma, tumors of peripheral nerves that affect the CNS, tumors of uncertain histogenesis, and metastatic tumors.
- neuroepithelial tumors e.g. glial tumors, neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumors, and nonglial tumors
- meningeal tumors e.g. glial tumors, neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumors, and nonglial tumors
- Meningeal tumors e.g.
- a classification of brain tumors by The World Health Organization categorizes CNS tumors according to a malignancy scale based on histological features of the tumor ⁇ see Kleihues et ah, Brain Pathol 3:255-268 (1993).
- the most common types of primary brain tumors are anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas, which account for approximately 38% of primary brain tumors; and meningiomas and other mesenchymal tumors, which account for approximately 27% of primary brain tumors, ⁇ see, Levin et ah, Neoplasms of the central nervous system. In DeVita, et ctl., eds., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, Sixth Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia (2001), pp. 2100-2160).
- Other common primary brain tumors include pitutitary tumors, schwannomas, CNS lymphoma, oligodendrogliomas, ependymomas, low-grade astrocytomas, and medulloblastomas.
- Additional specific primary brain tumors include, astocytic tumors, pilocytic astrocytomas,, diffuse astrocytomas, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas, subependymal giant cell astrocytomas, oligodendroglial tumors, olodendrogliomas, anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, oligoastrocytomas, anaplastic oligoastrocytomas, myxopapillary ependymomas, subependymomas, ependymomas, anaplastic ependymomas, astroblastomas, chordoid gliomas of the third ventricle, gliomatosis cerebri
- Metastatic brain tumors outnumber primary brain tumors by at least 10 to 1 and typically occur as a result of primary lung, breast, melanoma, or colon cancers metastasizing to the brain (Patchell RA, Cancer Treat. Rev. 29:533-540 (2003)). Cancers metastasizing to the brain result in multiple brain metastases in over 70% of cases (Patchell RA-, Cancer Treat. Rev. 29:533-540 (2003)). And thus are not typically treated by surgery. However, chemotherapy is indicated to play a role in the treatment of patients with, brain metastases from chemosensitive tumors (Patchell RA, Cancer Treat. Rev. 29:533-540 (2003).
- the present invention includes a therapeutic method of treating brairx cancer, including primary brain neoplasms and brain metasases, comprising administering to an animal an effective amount of a compound of Formulae I-III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.
- the invention provides a method of reducing the size or slowing the growth of brain neoplasms. Reductions in size and/or growth of neoplasms may be measured by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) Guidelines ⁇ see Therasse et al. J. Nat. Cancer Institute 92:205-216 (2000), herein incorporated " by reference in its entirety).
- the method may reduce the average size of lesions in patients by about 30% or more as measured at four weeks post- treatment by Identifying up to 5 lesions per organ and 10 lesions in total, and determining the reduction in length at the longest diameter of the lesion.
- the invention provides a method for improving the survival of patients with or at risk of forming brain tumors. The methods comprise administering to a subject mammal in need of the treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention.
- the present invention also includes a therapeutic method comprising administering to an animal an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug of said compound of Formulae I-III, wherein said therapeutic method is useful to treat cancer, which is a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.
- Such diseases include, but are not limited to, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, acute lymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, neuroblastoma, breast carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, lung carcinoma, Wilms' tumor, cervical carcinoma, testicular carcinoma, soft-tissue sarcoma, primary macroglobulinemia, bladder carcinoma, chronic granulocytic leukemia, primary brain carcinoma, malignant melanoma, small-cell lung carcinoma, stomach carcinoma, colon carcinoma, malignant pancreatic insulinoma, malignant carcinoid carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, mycosis fungoides, head or neck carcinoma, osteogenic sarcoma, pancreatic carcinoma, acute granulocytic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, genitourinary carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma,
- compositions containing therapeutically effective concentrations of the compounds formulated for oral, intravenous, local and topical application, for the treatment of neoplastic diseases and other diseases are administered to an individual exhibiting the symptoms of one or more of these disorders.
- the amounts are effective to ameliorate or eliminate one or more symptoms of the disorders.
- An effective amount of a compound for treating a particular disease is an amount that is sufficient to .ameliorate, O r in some manner reduce, the symptoms associated with the disease.
- Such amount may be administered as a single dosage or may be administered according to a regimen, whereby it is effective.
- the amount may cure the disease but, typically, is administered in order to ameliorate the symptoms of the disease. Typically, repeated administration is required to achieve the desired amelioration of symptoms.
- the compounds of Formulae I-III have a calculated polar surface area of less than about 100 or less then about 80 square Angstroms.
- calculated polar surface area is determined using the Fast Polar Surface Area two-dimensional polar surface area predictor software, available from Accelerys® (San Diego, Ca).
- Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition, containing an effective amount of a compound of Formulae I-III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound, in admixture with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents.
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of
- Preferred pharmaceutical compositions comprise compounds of Formulae I-III, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, or prodrugs thereof, that are able to induce caspase activation as determined by the method described in Example 61, preferably at an EC50 no greater than 1,000 nM, more preferably at an EC 50 no greater than 500 nM, more preferably at an EC 50 no greater than 200 nM, more preferably at an EC 50 no greater than 100, and most preferably at an EC 5 0 no greater than 10 nM.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a composition effective to inhibit neoplasia comprising a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug of said compound of Formulae I-III, which functions as a caspase cascade activator and inducer of apoptosis or ir ⁇ hibitor of tubulin polymerization, in combination with at least one known cancer chemouxerapeutic agent, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said agent.
- cancer chemotherapeutic agents which may be used for combination therapy include, but not are limited to alkylating agents, such as busulfan, cis-platin, mitomycin C, and carboplatin; antimitotic agents, such as colchicine, vinblastine, paclitaxel, and docetaxel; topo I inhibitors, such as camptothecin and topotecan; topo II inhibitors, such as doxorubicin and etoposide; RNATDNA antimetabolites, such as 5-azacytidine, 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate; DNA antimetabolites, such as 5-fluoro-2'-deox;y-uridme, ara-C, hydroxyurea and thiog ⁇ anine; EGFR inhibitors, such as Iressa® (gefitinib) and Tarceva® (erlotinib); proteosome inhibitors; antibodies, such as carnpath, Herceptin® (trastuzumab), Avastin® (
- cancer chemotherapeutic agents which may be used for combination! therapy include melphalan, chlorambucil, cyclophosamide, ifosfamide, vincristine, mitoguazone, epirubicin, acla ⁇ icin, bleomycin, mitoxantrone, elliptinium, fLudarabine, octreotide, retinoic acid, tamoxifen, Gleevec® (imatinib mesylate) and alanos ⁇ ne.
- the compound of the invention may be administered together with at least one known chemotherapeutic agent as part of a unitary pharmaceutical composition.
- the compound of the invention may be administered apart from at least one l ⁇ iown cancer chemotherapeutic agent.
- the compound of the invention and at least one known cancer chemotherapeutic agent are administered substantially simultaneously, i.e. the compounds are administered at the same time or one after the other, so long as the compounds reach therapeutic levels in the blood at the same time.
- the compound of the invention and at least one known cancer chemotherapeutic agent are administered according to their individual dose schedule, so long as the compounds reach therapeutic levels in the blood.
- alpha- 1 -adrenoceptor antagonists such as doxazosin, terazosin, and tamsulosin can inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cell via induction of apoptosis (Kyprianou, N., et al, Cancer Res ⁇ 5 ⁇ 9:4550-4555, (2000)).
- another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a composition effective to inhibit neoplasia comprising a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug of a compound described herein, which functions as a caspase cascade activator and inducer of apoptosis or inhibitor of tubulin polymerization, in combination with at least one known alpha- 1 -adrenoceptor antagonist, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said agent.
- known alpha- 1 -adrenoceptor antagonists which can be used for combination therapy include, but are not limited to, doxazosin, terazosin, and tamsulosin.
- sigma-2 receptors are expressed in high densities in a variety of tumor cell types (Vilner, B. J., et al, Cancer Res. 55: 408-413 (1995)) and that sigma-2 receptor agonists, such as CB-64D, CB- 184 and haloperidol activate a novel apoptotic pathway and potentiate antineoplastic drugs in breast tumor cell lines. (Kyprianou, N., et al, Cancer Res. (52:313-322 (2002)).
- another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a composition effective to inhibit neoplasia comprising a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug of a compound described herein, which functions as a caspase cascade activator and inducer of apoptosis or inhibitor of tubulin polymerization, in combination with at least one known sigma-2 receptor agonist, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said agonist.
- known sigma-2 receptor agonists which can be used for combination therapy include, but are not limited to, CB-64D, CB- 184 and haloperidol.
- another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a composition effective to inhibit neoplasia comprising a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug of a compound described herein, which functions as a caspase cascade activator and inducer of apoptosis or inhibitor of tubulin polymerization, in combination with at least one known HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said agent.
- known HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors which can be used for combination therapy include, but are not limited to, lovastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin.., atorvastatin and cerivastatin.
- another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a composition effective to inhibit neoplasia comprising a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug of a compound described herein, which functions as a caspase cascade activator and inducer of apoptosis or inhibitor of tubulin polymerization, in combination with at least one known HIV protease inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said agent.
- HIV protease inhibitors which can be used for combination therapy include, but are not limited to, amprenavir, abacavir, CGP-73547, CGP-61755, DMP-450, indinavir, nelfinavir, tipranavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, ABT-378, AG 1776, and BMS-232,632.
- retinoids such as fenretinide (N-[A- hydroxyphenyl)retinamide, 4HPR)
- fenretinide N-[A- hydroxyphenyl)retinamide, 4HPR
- 4HPR also was reported to have good activity in combination with gamma- radiation on bladder cancer cell lines (Zou, C, et al, Int. J. Oncol. 73:1037-1041 (1998)).
- another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a composition effective to inhibit neoplasia comprising a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug of a compound described herein, which functions as a caspase cascade activator and inducer of apoptosis or inhibitor of tubulin polymerization, in combination with at least one known retinoid and synthetic retinoid, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said agent.
- retinoids and synthetic retinoids which can be used for combination therapy include, but are not limited to, bexarotene, tretinoin, 13-cis- retinoic acid, 9-cis-retinoic acid, ⁇ -difluoromethylornithine., ILX23-7553, fenretinide, and N-4-carboxyphenyl retinamide.
- proteasome inhibitors such as lactacystin
- lactacystin exert antitumor activity in vivo and in tumor cells in vitro, including those resistant to conventional chemotherapeutic agents.
- proteasome inhibitors may also prevent angiogenesis and metastasis in vivo and further increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to apoptosis (Almond, J. B., et ah, Leukemia J6 ⁇ 33-443 (2002)).
- another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a composition effective to inhibit neoplasia comprising a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug of a compound described herein., which functions as a caspase cascade activator and inducer of apoptosis or inhibitor of tubulin polymerization, in combination with at least one known proteasome inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said agent.
- known proteasome inhibitors which can be used for combination therapy include, but are not limited, to, lactacystin, MG- 132, and PS-341.
- tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as STI571 (Gleevec®
- another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a composition effective to inhibit neoplasia comprising a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug of a compound described herein, which functions as a caspase cascade activator and inducer of apoptosis or inhibitor of tubulin polymerization, in combination with at least one known tyrosine kinase inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said agent.
- tyrosine kinase inhibitors which can be used for combination therapy include, but are not limited to, Gleevec® (imatinib mesylate), ZDl 839 Iressa® (gefitinib), SH268, genistein, CEP2563, SU6668, SUl 1248, and EMD121974.
- prenyl-protein transferase inhibitors such as farnesyl protein transferase inhibitor Rl 15777
- Rl 15777 preclinical antitumor activity against human breast cancer
- Synergy of the protein farnesyltransferase inhibitor SCH65336 and cisplatin in human cancer cell lines also has been reported (Adjei, A. A., et al ⁇ CHn. Cancer. Res. 7:1438- 1445 (2O01)).
- another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a composition effective to inhibit neoplasia comprising a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug of a compound described herein, which functions as a caspase cascade activator and inducer of apoptosis, in combination with at least one known prenyl-protein transferase inhibitor, including farnesyl protein transferase inhibitor, inhibitors of geranylgeranyl-protein transferase type I (GGPTase-I) and geranylgeranyl- protein transferase type-II, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said agent.
- prenyl-protein transferase inhibitors include, but are not limited to, Rl 15777, SCH66336, L-778,123, BAL9611 and TAN-1813.
- CDK cyclin-dependent kinase
- another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a composition effective to inhibit neoplasia comprising a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug of a compound described herein, which functions as a caspase cascade activator and inducer of apoptosis or inhibitor of tubulin polymerization, in combination with at least one known cyclin- dependent kinase inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said agent.
- known cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors which can be used for combination therapy include, but are not limited to, flavopiridol, UCN-01, roscovitine and olomoucine.
- another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a composition effective to inhibit neoplasia comprising a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug of a compound described herein, which functions as a caspase cascade activator and inducer of apoptosis or inhibitor of tubulin polymerization, in combination with at least one known COX-2 inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said inhibitor.
- known COX-2 inhibitors which can be used for combination therapy include, but are not limited to, celecoxib, valecoxib., and rofecoxib.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a composition effective to inhibit neoplasia comprising a bioconjugate of a compound described herein, which, functions as a caspase cascade activator and inducer of apoptosis or inhibitor of tubulin polymerization, in bioconjugation with at least one known therapeutically useful antibody, such as Herceptin ® (trastuzumab) or Rituxan ® (rituximab), gro ⁇ vth factors, such as DGF, NGF; cytokines, such as IL-2, IL-4, or any molecule that binds to the cell surface.
- the antibodies and other molecules will deliver a compound described herein to its targets and make it an effective anticancer agent.
- the bioconjugates could also enhance the anticancer effect of therapeutically useful antibodies, such as Herceptin ® (trastuzumab) or Rituxan ® (rituximab).
- another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a composition effective to inh ⁇ tnt neoplasia comprising a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug of " a compound described herein, which functions as a caspase cascade activator and inducer of apoptosis or inhibitor of tubulin polymerization., in combination with radiation therapy.
- the compound of the invention may be administered at the same time as the radiation therapy is administered or at a different time.
- Yet another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a composition effective for post-surgical treatment of cancer, comprising a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug of a compound described herein, which functions as a caspase cascade activator and inducer of apoptosis or inhibitor of tubulin polymerization.
- the invention also relates to a method of treating cancer by surgically removing the cancer and tnen treating the animal with one of the pharmaceutical compositions described herein..
- a wide range of immune mechanisms operate rapidly following exposure to an infectious agent. Depending on the type of infection, rapid clonal expansion of the T and B lymphocytes occurs to combat the infection.
- the elimination of the effector cells following an infection is one of the major mechanisms for maintaining immune homeostasis.
- the elimination, of the effector cells has been shown to be regulated " by apoptosis.
- Autoimmune diseases have lately been determined to occur as a consequence of deregulated cell death.
- the immune system directs its powerful cytotoxic effector mechanisms against specialized cells, such as oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis, the beta cells of the pancreas in diabetes melliti ⁇ s, and thyrocytes in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (Qhsako, S. & Elkon, K.B., Cell Death Differ. (5:13-21 (1999)).
- specialized cells such as oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis, the beta cells of the pancreas in diabetes melliti ⁇ s, and thyrocytes in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (Qhsako, S. & Elkon, K.B., Cell Death Differ. (5:13-21 (1999)).
- lymphocyte apoptosis receptor Fas/APO-l/CD95 are reported to be associated with defective lymphocyte apoptosis and autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS), which is characterized by chronic, histologically benign splenomegaly, generalized lymphadenopatlry, hypergammaglobulinemia, and autoantibody formation.
- APS autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
- Fas-Fas ligand (FasL) interaction is known to be required for the maintenance of immune homeostasis.
- Experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) characterized by autoreactive T and B cell responses and a marked lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid, is a good model to study the therapeutic effects of FasL. Batteux, F., et al, (J. Immunol. 162:603-60$ (1999)) reported that by direct injection of DNA expression vectors encoding FasL into the inflamed thyroid, trie development of lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid was inhibited and induction of infiltrating T cells death was observed. These results show that FasL expression on thyrocytes may have a curative effect on ongoing EAT by inducing death of pathogenic autoreactive infiltrating T lymphocytes.
- Bisindolyhnaleimide VIII is known to potentiate Fas-mediated apoptosis in human astrocytoma 1321N1 cells and in Molt-4T cells; both of which were resistant to apoptosis induced by anti-Fas antibody in the absence of bisindolylmaleimide VIII. Potentiation of Fas-mediated apoptosis by bisindolylmaleimide VIII was reported to be selective for activated, rather than non-activated, T cells, and was Fas-dependent. Zhou T., et al, (Nat. Med.
- Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease that is characterized by scaly red patches.
- Psoralen plus ultraviolet A is a widely used and effective treatment for psoriasis vulgaris.
- Coven, et al, Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. jPhotomed. /5:22-27 (1999) reported that lymphocytes treated with psoralen 8 -MOP or TMP and UVA, displayed DNA degradation patterns typical of apoptotic cell death.
- Ozawa, et al, J. Exp. Med. 189:711-718 (1999) reported that induction of T cell apoptosis could be the main mechanism by which 312-nm UVB resolves psoriasis skin lesions.
- methotrexate Low doses of methotrexate may be used to treat psoriasis to restore a clinically normal skin. Heenen, et al, Arch. Dermatol. Res. 290:240-245 (1998), reported that low doses of methotrexate may induce apoptosis and that this mode of action could explain the reduction in epidermal hyperplasia during treatment of psoriasis with methotrexate. Therefore, an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug of the compound of Formulae I-III, which functions as a caspase cascade activator and inducer of apoptosis, is an effective treatment for hyperproliferative skin diseases, such as psoriasis.
- Synovial cell hyperplasia is a characteristic of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
- RA synovial cell hyperplasia Wakisaka, et al., CHn. Exp. Immunol. 114:119-12% (1998), found that although RA synovial cells could die via apoptosis through a Fas/FasL pathway, apoptosis of synovial cells was inhibited by proinflammatory cytokines present within the synovium. Wakisaka, et al. also suggested that inhibition of apoptosis by the proinflammatory cytokines may contribute to the outgrowth of synovial cells, and lead to pannus formation and the destruction of joints in patients with RA.
- an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug of the compound of Formulae I-III, which functions as a caspase cascade activator and inducer of apoptosis is an effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.
- an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug of the compound of Formulae I-III, which functions as a caspase cascade activator and inducer of apoptosis, is an effective treatment for inflammation.
- Caspase cascade activators and inducers of apoptosis may also be a desirable therapy in the elimination of pathogens, such as HIV", Hepatitis C and other viral pathogens.
- pathogens such as HIV
- Hepatitis C and other viral pathogens The long lasting quiecence, followed by disease progression, may be explained by an anti-apoptotic mechanism of these pathogens leading to persistent cellular reservoirs of the virions. It has been reported that HTV-I infected T leukemia cells or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) underwent enhanced viral replication in the presence of the caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk.
- Z-VAD- fmk also stimulated endogenous virus production in activated PBMCs derived from HIV- 1 -infected asymptomatic individuals (Chinnaiyan, A., et al., Nat. Med. 5:333 (1997)). Therefore, apoptosis serves as a beneficial host mechanism to limit the spread of HIV and new therapeutics using caspase/apoptosis activators are useful to clear viral reservoirs from the infected individuals.
- HCV infection also triggers anti-apoptotic mechanisms to evade the host's immune surveillance leading to viral persistence and hepatocarcinogenesis (Tai, D.I., et al Hepatology 3:656-64 (2000)). Therefore, apoptosis inducers are useful as therapeutics for HTV, HCV, HBV, and other infectious disease.
- Stent implantation has become the new standard angioplasty procedure.
- in-stent restenosis remains the major limitation of coronary stenting.
- New approaches have been developed to target pharmacological modulation of local vascular biology by local administration of drugs. This allows for drug applications at the precise site and time of vessel injury.
- Numerous pharmacological agents with antiproliferative properties are currently under clinical investigation, including actinomycin D, rapamycin or paclitaxel coated stents (Regar E., et al, Br. Med. Bull. 59:227-248 (2001)). Therefore, apoptosis inducers, which are antiproliferative, are useful as therapeutics for the prevention or reduction of in-stent restenosis.
- Compounds of the present invention are potent and highly efficacious activators of caspase-3, inhibitors of tubulin polymerization, and inhibitors oftopoisomerase even in drug resistant cancer cells, which enables these compounds to inhibit the growth and proliferation of drug resistant cancer cells, and to cause apoptosis and cell death in the drug resistant cancer cells.
- the compounds of the present invention are not substrates for the MDR transporters such as Pgp-1 (MDR-I), MRP-I and BCRP. This is particularly surprising in view of the fact that almost all of trxe commercially available tubulin-interacting chemotherapeutics are substrates for multidrug resistance transporters (MDRs).
- Multidrug resistance is the major cause of chemotherapy failure.
- Drug resistance is typically caused by ATP-dependent efflux of drug from cells by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters.
- ABC transporters ABCBl (MDR-I, P glycoprotein); ABCCl (MRPl); and ABCG2 (BCRP, MXR) are typically over-expressed in drug resistant tumors and thus are implicated in drug resistance.
- the compounds of the present invention are effective in killing drug resistant cancer cells. Therefore, compounds of this invention are useful for the treatment of drug resistant cancer.
- another aspect of the present invention is the application of the methods and compounds of the present invention as described above to tumors that have acquired resistance to other anticancer drugs.
- a compound of the present invention is administered to a cancer patient who has been treated with another anticancer drug.
- a compound of the present invention is administered to a patient who has been treated with and is not responsive to another anticancer drug or developed resistance to such other anti-cancer compound.
- a compound of the present invention is administered to a patient who has been treated with another anti-cancer drug and is refractory to said other anti-cancer drug.
- the compounds of the present invention can be used in treating cancer in a patient who is not responsive or is resistant to any other anti-cancer agent.
- anticancer agent may include alkylating agents, antimitotic agents, topo I inhibitors, topo II inhibitors, RNA/DNA antimetabolites, EGFR inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors, tubulin inhibitors (e.g., vinblastine, taxol® (paclitaxel), and analogues thereof), proteosome inhibitors, etc., some of the exemplary compounds of which are provided above and are general known in the art, e.g., melphalan, chlorambucil, cyclophosamide, ifosfamide, vincristine, mitoguazone, epirubicin, aclarubicin, bleomycin, mitoxantrone, elliptinium, fludarabine, octreotide, retinoic acid, tamoxifen, Gleevec® (imatimb mesylate) and alanosine.
- tubulin inhibitors e.g., vinblastine, taxol® (paclit
- compositions within the scope of this invention include all compositions wherein the compounds of the present invention are contained in an amount that is effective to achieve its intended purpose. While individual needs vary, determination of optimal ranges of effective amounts of each component is within the skill of the art.
- the compounds may be administered to animals, e.g., mammals, orally at a dose of 0.0025 to 50 mg/kg of body weight, per day, or an equivalent amount of the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to a mammal being treated.
- a dose is generally approximately one-half of the oral dose.
- a suitable intramuscular dose would be approximately 0.0025 to approximately 25 mg/kg of body weight, and most preferably, from approximately 0.01 to approximately 5 mg/kg of body weight.
- a known cancer chemotherapeutic agent is also administered, it is administered in an amount that is effective to achieve its intended purpose. The amounts of such known cancer chemotherapeutic agents effective for cancer' are well known to those skilled in. the art.
- the unit oral dose may comprise from approximately 0.01 to approximately 50 mg, preferably approximately 0.1 to approximately 10 mg of the compound of the invention.
- the unit dose may be administered one or more times daily, as ome or more tablets, each containing from approximately 0.1 to approximately 10 mg, conveniently approximately 0.25 to 50 mg of the compound or its solvates.
- the compound in a topical formulation, may be present at a concentration of approximately 0.01 to 100 mg per gram of carrier.
- the compounds of the invention may be administered as part of a pharmaceutical preparation containing suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers comprising excipients and auxiliaries, which facilitate processing of the compounds into preparations that may be used pharmaceutically.
- suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers comprising excipients and auxiliaries, which facilitate processing of the compounds into preparations that may be used pharmaceutically.
- the preparations particularly those preparations "which may be administered orally and that may be used for the preferred type of administration, such as tablets, dragees, and capsules, and also preparations that may be administered rectally, such as suppositories, as well as suitable solutions for administration by injection or orally, contain from approximately 0.01 to 99 percent, preferably from approximately 0.25 to 75 percent of active compound(s), together with the excipient.
- non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of the present invention are included within the scope of the present invention.
- Acid addition salts are formed by mixing a solution of the compounds of the present invention with a solution of a pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic acid, such as hydrochloric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, carbonic acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, and the like.
- Basic salts are formed by mixing a solution of the compounds of the present invention with a solution of a pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic base, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, choline hydroxide, sodium carbonate, Tris, N-methyl-glucamine and the like.
- compositions of the invention may be administered to any animal, which may experience the beneficial effects of the compounds of the invention.
- animals are mammals, e.g., humans and veterinary animals, although the invention is not intended to be so limited.
- compositions of the present invention may be administered by any means that achieve their intended purpose.
- administration may t>e by parenteral, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, transdermal, buccal, intrathecal, intracranial, intranasal or topical routes.
- administration may be by the oral route.
- the dosage administered will be dependent upon the age, health, and weight of the recipient, kind of concurrent treatment, if any, frequency of treatment, and the nature of the effect desired.
- compositions of the present invention are manufactured in a manner, which is itself known, e.g., by means of conventional mixing, granulating, dragee-making, dissolving, or lyophilizing processes.
- pharmaceutical preparations for oral use may be obtained by combining the active compounds with solid excipients, optionally grinding the resulting mixture and processing the mixture of granules, after adding suitable auxiliaries, if desired or necessary, to obtain tablets or dragee cores.
- Suitable excipients are, in particular: fillers, such as saccharides, e.g. lactose or sucrose, mannitol or sorbitol; cellulose preparations and/or calcium phosphates, e.g. tricalcium phosphate or calcium hydrogen phosphate; as well as binders, such as starch paste, using, e.g., maize starch, wheat starch, rice starch, potato starch, gelatin, tragacanth, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and/or polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
- fillers such as saccharides, e.g. lactose or sucrose, mannitol or sorbitol
- cellulose preparations and/or calcium phosphates e.g. tricalcium phosphate or calcium hydrogen phosphate
- binders such as starch paste, using, e.g., maize starch, wheat starch, rice starch, potato
- disintegrating agents may be added, such as the above-mentioned starches and also carboxymethyl-starch, cross-linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, agar, or alginic acid or a salt thereof, such as sodium alginate.
- Auxiliaries are, above all, flow-regulating agents and lubricants, e.g., silica, talc, stearic acid or salts thereof, such as magnesium stearate or calcium stearate, and/or polyethylene glycol.
- Dragee cores are provided with suitable coatings which, if desired, are resistant to gastric juices.
- concentrated saccharide solutions may be used, which may optionally contain gum arabic, talc, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol and/or titanium dioxide, lacquer solutions and suitable organic solvents or solvent mixtures.
- suitable cellulose preparations such as acetylcellulose phthalate or hydroxypropymethyl-cellulose phthalate, are used.
- Dye stuffs or pigments may be added to the tablets or dragee coatings, e.g., for identification or in order to characterize combinations of active compound doses.
- Other pharmaceutical preparations which may be used orally include push-fit capsules made of gelatin, as well as soft, sealed capsules made of gelatin and a plasticizer, such as glycerol or sorbitol.
- the push-fit capsules may contain the active compounds in the form of: granules, which may be mixed with fillers, such as lactose; binders, such as starches; and/or lubricants, such as talc or magnesium stearate and, optionally, stabilizers.
- the active compounds are preferably dissolved or suspended in suitable liquids, such as fatty oils, or liquid paraffin.
- suitable liquids such as fatty oils, or liquid paraffin.
- stabilizers may be added.
- Possible pharmaceutical preparations which may be used rectally include, e.g., suppositories, which consist of a combination of one or more of the active compounds with a suppository base.
- Suitable suppository bases are, e.g., natural or synthetic triglycerides, or paraffin hydrocarbons, hi addition, it is also possible to use gelatin rectal capsules, which consist of a combination of the active compounds with a base.
- Possible base materials include, e.g., liquid triglycerides, polyethylene glycols, or paraffin hydrocarbons.
- Suitable formulations for parenteral administration include aqueous solutions of the active compounds in water-soluble form, e.g., water-soluble salts and alkaline solutions.
- suspensions of the active compounds as appropriate oily injection suspensions may be administered.
- Suitable lipophilic solvents or vehicles include fatty oils, e.g., sesame oil, or synthetic fatty acid esters, e.g., ethyl oleate or triglycerides or polyethylene glycol-400, or cremophor, or cyclodextrins.
- Aqueous injection suspensions may contain substances which increase the viscosity of the suspension include, e.g., sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sorbitol, and/or dextran.
- the suspension may also contain stabilizers.
- compounds of the invention are employed in topical and parenteral formulations and are used for the treatment of skin cancer.
- the topical compositions of this invention are formulated preferably as oils, creams, lotions, ointments and the like by choice of appropriate carriers.
- Suitable carriers include vegetable or mineral oils, white petrolatum (white soft paraffin), branched chain fats or oils, animal fats and high molecular weight alcohol (greater than C 12 ).
- the preferred carriers are those in which the active ingredient is soluble.
- Emulsifiers, stabilizers, humectants and antioxidants may also be included, as well as agents imparting color or fragrance, if desired.
- transdermal penetration enhancers may be employed in these topical formulations. Examples of such enhancers are found in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,989,816 and 4,444,762.
- Creams are preferably formulated from a mixture of mineral oil, self-emulsifying beeswax and water in which mixture of the active ingredient, dissolved in a small amount of an oil, such as almond oil, is admixed.
- an oil such as almond oil
- a typical example of such a cream is one which includes approximately 40 parts water, approximately 20 parts beeswax, approximately 40 parts mineral oil and approximately 1 part almond oil.
- Ointments may be formulated by mixing a solution of the active ingredient in a vegetable oil, such as almond oil, with warm soft paraffin and allowing the mixture to cool.
- a vegetable oil such as almond oil
- a typical example of such an ointment is one which includes approximately 30 % almond oil and approximately 70 % white soft paraffin by weight.
- the title compound was prepared from (2-chloro-quinazolin-4-yl)-(4-rnethoxy- phenyl)-methyl-amine (15 mg, 0.050 mmol) and morpholine (30 ⁇ L) by a procedure similar to example 5 and was isolated as white powder (10 mg, 66%).
- reaction mixture was quenched by adding 50 uL of water, diluted with 25 mL of ethyl acetate, washed with water (25 niL x 3), saturated NaCl, dried over anhydrous MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by chromatography (20% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give the title compound (14.3 mg, 0.048 mmol, 70%).
- the title compound was prepared from 4-chloro-2-methyl-quinazoLine (2.31 g, 12.9 mmol) and (4-methoxy phenyl)-methyl-amine (2.0 g, 14.6 mmol) by a, procedure similar to example Ib and was isolated as solids (2.90 g, 9.18 mmol, 71%).
- the title compound was prepared from (-2-dimethylamino-pyridine-5-yl)-(2- meth.yl-quinazolin-4-yl)-amine (45 mg, 0.16 mmol), methyl iodide (0.016 ml, 0.24 mmol), sodium hydride (9.6 mg, 0.24 mmol, 60 % oil dispersion) in DMF similar to example 49 to give 22 mg (47 %) of paint yellow solids.
- T-47D and DLD-I Human breast cancer cell lines T-47D and DLD-I were grown according to media component mixtures designated by American Type Culture Collection + 10% FCS (Invitrogen Corporation), in a 5 % CO 2 -95 % humidity incubator at 37 0 C. T-47D and DLD-I cells were maintained at a cell density between 50 and 80 % confluency at a cell density of 0.1 to 0.6 x 10 6 cells/mL. Cells were harvested at 600xg and resuspended at 0.65 x 10 6 cells/mL into appropriate media + 10 % FCS.
- FCS Invitrogen Corporation
- the samples were mixed by agitation and then incubated at 37 0 C for 48 h in a 5 % CO 2 -95 % humidity incubator. After incubation, the samples were removed from the incubator and 25 ⁇ L of a solution containing 14 ⁇ M of N-(Ac-DEVD)-N'- ethoxycarbonyl-Rl lO fluorogenic substrate (Cytovia, Inc.; " WO99/18856), 20 % sucrose (Sigma), 20 mM DTT (Sigma), 200 niM NaCl (Sigma), 40 jnM Na PIPES buffer pH 7.2 (Sigma), and 500 ⁇ g/mL lysolecithin (Calbiocheni) was added.
- a solution containing 14 ⁇ M of N-(Ac-DEVD)-N'- ethoxycarbonyl-Rl lO fluorogenic substrate (Cytovia, Inc.; " WO99/18856), 20 % sucrose (Sigma),
- RFU value for (2-chloro-quinazolin-4-yl)-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-methyl-amine or other test compounds was determined by a sigmoidal dose-response calculation (Prism 3.0, GraphPad Software Inc.).
- mice For each test compound, forty five mice were injected via the tail -vein with 0.10 niL of a 0.875 mg/mL solution of test compound dissolved in a for ⁇ mlation of 5% Cremophor, 5% Ethanol, and 90% D5W, or a formulation variation thereof " . Five mice at each collection time point of approximately 0.05, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 4.00, 8.00, 12.0 and 24.0 hours post dose were euthanized by halothane inhalation.
- Plasma and homogenized brain samples were extracted using a protein precipitation and filtration method. Briefly, 0.20 nxL acetonitrile was added to 0.10 mL of sample in a Varian Captiva 20 ⁇ m filtration plate. A vacuum was applied to the plate and filtrates were collected.
- PK Pharmacokinetic parameters
- Compound can be prepared according to the following method. Five mg of the Active Compound is dissolved into a mixture of the d- ⁇ -tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS), PEG-400, ethanol, and benzyl alcohol. D5W is added to make a total volume of 50 mL and the solution is mixed. The resulting solution is filtered through a 0.2 ⁇ m disposable filter unit and is stored at 25 0 C. Solutions of varying strengths and volumes are prepared by altering the ratio of Active Compound in the mixture or changing the total amount of the solution.
- TPGS d- ⁇ -tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate
- PEG-400 d- ⁇ -tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate
- ethanol ethanol
- benzyl alcohol benzyl alcohol
- Compound can be prepared according to the following method. One hundred mg of Active Compound) is mixed with 100 mg lactose. A suitable amount of water for drying is added and the mixture is dried. The mixture is then blended with 50 mg of corn starch, 10 mg hydrogenated vegetable oil, and 10 mg polyvinylpyrrolidinone. The resulting granules are compressed into tablets. Tablets of varying strengths are prepared by altering the ratio of Active Compound in the mixture or changing the total weight of the tablet.
- Formulae I (the "Active Compound") can be prepared according to the following method. One hundred mg of Active Compound is mixed with 200 mg of microcrystalline cellulose and 100 mg of corn starch. Four hundred mg of magnesium stearate is then blended into the mixture and the resulting blend is encapsulated into a gelatin capsule. Doses of varying strengths can be prepared by altering the ratio of the Active Compound to pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or changing the size of the capsule.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002592971A CA2592971A1 (en) | 2005-01-03 | 2006-01-03 | Method of treating brain cancer |
EP06717342A EP1833511A4 (en) | 2005-01-03 | 2006-01-03 | Method of treating brain cancer |
AU2006204052A AU2006204052A1 (en) | 2005-01-03 | 2006-01-03 | Method of treating brain cancer |
JP2007549710A JP2008526776A (en) | 2005-01-03 | 2006-01-03 | Brain cancer treatment methods |
US11/773,285 US8258145B2 (en) | 2005-01-03 | 2007-07-03 | Method of treating brain cancer |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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US64126305P | 2005-01-03 | 2005-01-03 | |
US60/641,263 | 2005-01-03 |
Related Child Applications (1)
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US11/773,285 Continuation US8258145B2 (en) | 2005-01-03 | 2007-07-03 | Method of treating brain cancer |
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WO2006074187A3 WO2006074187A3 (en) | 2008-01-10 |
Family
ID=36648123
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PCT/US2006/000122 WO2006074187A2 (en) | 2005-01-03 | 2006-01-03 | Method of treating brain cancer |
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EP (1) | EP1833511A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2008526776A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20070117547A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101287369A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2006204052A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2592971A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006074187A2 (en) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009147217A1 (en) * | 2008-06-04 | 2009-12-10 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) | Dihydro-iso-ca-4 and analogues: potent cytotoxics, inhibitors of tubulin polymerization |
EP2144504A1 (en) * | 2007-04-10 | 2010-01-20 | Myriad Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Method of treating brain cancer |
EP2144887A1 (en) * | 2007-04-10 | 2010-01-20 | Myriad Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Dosages and methods for the treatment of cancer |
US7767670B2 (en) | 2003-11-13 | 2010-08-03 | Ambit Biosciences Corporation | Substituted 3-carboxamido isoxazoles as kinase modulators |
WO2012123493A2 (en) | 2011-03-15 | 2012-09-20 | Chiesi Farmaceutici S.P.A. | Isoxazolidine derivatives |
WO2012123482A2 (en) | 2011-03-15 | 2012-09-20 | Chiesi Farmaceutici S.P.A. | Isoxazolidine derivatives |
WO2015155262A1 (en) * | 2014-04-09 | 2015-10-15 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) | Cytotoxic compounds which are inhibitors of the polymerisation of tubulin |
WO2018172250A1 (en) | 2017-03-21 | 2018-09-27 | Bayer Pharma Aktiengesellschaft | 2-methyl-quinazolines |
WO2019201848A1 (en) | 2018-04-18 | 2019-10-24 | Bayer Pharma Aktiengesellschaft | 2-methyl-aza-quinazolines |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3080620B1 (en) | 2018-04-27 | 2021-11-12 | Univ Paris Sud | COMPOUNDS WITH TUBULIN POLYMERIZATION INHIBITOR ACTIVITY AND IMMUNOMODULATORY PROPERTIES |
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IL88507A (en) * | 1987-12-03 | 1993-02-21 | Smithkline Beckman Intercredit | 2,4-diaminoquinazolines, process for their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions comprising them |
ES2071484T3 (en) * | 1991-02-20 | 1995-06-16 | Pfizer | DERIVATIVES OF 2,4-DIAMINOQUINAZOLINAS TO INCREASE ANTITUMORAL ACTIVITY. |
AU4342997A (en) * | 1996-09-13 | 1998-04-02 | Sugen, Inc. | Use of quinazoline derivatives for the manufacture of a medicament in the reatment of hyperproliferative skin disorders |
CA2333392A1 (en) * | 1998-05-28 | 1999-12-02 | Parker Hughes Institute | Quinazolines for treating brain tumor |
UA71945C2 (en) * | 1999-01-27 | 2005-01-17 | Pfizer Prod Inc | Substituted bicyclic derivatives being used as anticancer agents |
WO2006074147A2 (en) * | 2005-01-03 | 2006-07-13 | Myriad Genetics, Inc. | Nitrogen containing bicyclic compounds and therapeutical use thereof |
AU2004253967B2 (en) * | 2003-07-03 | 2010-02-18 | Cytovia, Inc. | 4-arylamino-quinazolines as activators of caspases and inducers of apoptosis |
JP2008505907A (en) * | 2004-07-06 | 2008-02-28 | アンジオン バイオメディカ コーポレイション | Quinazoline modulators that modulate hepatocyte growth factor and c-met activity for cancer therapy |
-
2006
- 2006-01-03 CA CA002592971A patent/CA2592971A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-01-03 CN CNA2006800025252A patent/CN101287369A/en active Pending
- 2006-01-03 KR KR1020077017960A patent/KR20070117547A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-01-03 AU AU2006204052A patent/AU2006204052A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-01-03 JP JP2007549710A patent/JP2008526776A/en active Pending
- 2006-01-03 WO PCT/US2006/000122 patent/WO2006074187A2/en active Application Filing
- 2006-01-03 EP EP06717342A patent/EP1833511A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of EP1833511A4 * |
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US7767670B2 (en) | 2003-11-13 | 2010-08-03 | Ambit Biosciences Corporation | Substituted 3-carboxamido isoxazoles as kinase modulators |
EP2144887A4 (en) * | 2007-04-10 | 2012-10-03 | Myrexis Inc | Dosages and methods for the treatment of cancer |
EP2144504A1 (en) * | 2007-04-10 | 2010-01-20 | Myriad Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Method of treating brain cancer |
EP2144887A1 (en) * | 2007-04-10 | 2010-01-20 | Myriad Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Dosages and methods for the treatment of cancer |
CN101742910A (en) * | 2007-04-10 | 2010-06-16 | 美瑞德制药公司 | Method of treating brain cancer |
EP2144504A4 (en) * | 2007-04-10 | 2012-10-03 | Myrexis Inc | Method of treating brain cancer |
FR2932180A1 (en) * | 2008-06-04 | 2009-12-11 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | DIHYDRO ISO CA-4 AND THE LIKE: CYTOTOXICALLY POWERFUL, INHIBITORS OF TUBULIN POLYMERIZATION |
JP2011523657A (en) * | 2008-06-04 | 2011-08-18 | サントル、ナショナール、ド、ラ、ルシェルシュ、シアンティフィク、(セーエヌエルエス) | DihydroisoCA-4 and analogs: potent cytotoxic agents, tubulin polymerization inhibitors |
WO2009147217A1 (en) * | 2008-06-04 | 2009-12-10 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) | Dihydro-iso-ca-4 and analogues: potent cytotoxics, inhibitors of tubulin polymerization |
WO2012123482A2 (en) | 2011-03-15 | 2012-09-20 | Chiesi Farmaceutici S.P.A. | Isoxazolidine derivatives |
WO2012123493A2 (en) | 2011-03-15 | 2012-09-20 | Chiesi Farmaceutici S.P.A. | Isoxazolidine derivatives |
EP2716648A1 (en) | 2011-03-15 | 2014-04-09 | CHIESI FARMACEUTICI S.p.A. | Isoxazolidine derivatives |
WO2015155262A1 (en) * | 2014-04-09 | 2015-10-15 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) | Cytotoxic compounds which are inhibitors of the polymerisation of tubulin |
FR3019819A1 (en) * | 2014-04-09 | 2015-10-16 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | CYTOTOXIC COMPOUNDS INHIBITING TUBULIN POLYMERIZATION |
US10653694B2 (en) | 2014-04-09 | 2020-05-19 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) | Cytotoxic compounds which are inhibitors of the polymerisation of tubulin |
WO2018172250A1 (en) | 2017-03-21 | 2018-09-27 | Bayer Pharma Aktiengesellschaft | 2-methyl-quinazolines |
WO2019201848A1 (en) | 2018-04-18 | 2019-10-24 | Bayer Pharma Aktiengesellschaft | 2-methyl-aza-quinazolines |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2006204052A1 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
CA2592971A1 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
WO2006074187A3 (en) | 2008-01-10 |
EP1833511A4 (en) | 2011-01-19 |
CN101287369A (en) | 2008-10-15 |
JP2008526776A (en) | 2008-07-24 |
KR20070117547A (en) | 2007-12-12 |
EP1833511A2 (en) | 2007-09-19 |
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