WO2006067829A1 - Work instruction device, work instruction method, and work instruction system - Google Patents

Work instruction device, work instruction method, and work instruction system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006067829A1
WO2006067829A1 PCT/JP2004/019018 JP2004019018W WO2006067829A1 WO 2006067829 A1 WO2006067829 A1 WO 2006067829A1 JP 2004019018 W JP2004019018 W JP 2004019018W WO 2006067829 A1 WO2006067829 A1 WO 2006067829A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
work
worker
route
unassigned
charge
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2004/019018
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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WO2006067829A9 (en
Inventor
Yoshihiro Masuyama
Ryota Masuda
Original Assignee
Hitachi, Ltd.
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Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi, Ltd. filed Critical Hitachi, Ltd.
Priority to JP2006548630A priority Critical patent/JPWO2006067829A1/en
Priority to PCT/JP2004/019018 priority patent/WO2006067829A1/en
Publication of WO2006067829A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006067829A1/en
Publication of WO2006067829A9 publication Critical patent/WO2006067829A9/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/10—Office automation; Time management
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G1/00—Storing articles, individually or in orderly arrangement, in warehouses or magazines
    • B65G1/02—Storage devices
    • B65G1/04—Storage devices mechanical
    • B65G1/137—Storage devices mechanical with arrangements or automatic control means for selecting which articles are to be removed

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a work instruction method, a work instruction device, and a work instruction system.
  • the work is, for example, picking.
  • the route (work route) that the worker moves to perform such work has been generated at the discretion of each worker.
  • a method of automatically generating the shortest picking route (refer to Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-271019), a travel time according to the amount of picking work that can be performed once.
  • the method of determining the shortest work order route (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11 208 825), calculating the distance to the product and the worker's work capability coefficient force picking time, and the work time according to the worker's ability And a method of optimization (see JP 2001-19129 A).
  • the main object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems and to calculate a work route that shortens the movement distance of the worker.
  • the present invention provides a work instruction method by a work instruction device for instructing a worker carrying a worker terminal to perform work, wherein the work instruction device having storage means includes the memory A procedure for selecting unassigned work stored in the means, position information of the worker terminal measured based on a signal emitted by the worker terminal, and the unassigned work stored in the storage means A procedure for calculating, for each worker, a work route that circulates the work position starting from the position of the worker terminal, and the worker having the shortest travel distance of the work route. A procedure for selecting as a person in charge of the unassigned work and a procedure for instructing the selected person in charge of the unassigned work are executed.
  • the shortest work route is calculated in consideration of the current position of each worker. This makes it possible to shorten the movement distance of the worker.
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a work instruction system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing position detection means of a work instruction system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing a work instruction apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram showing a DB related to work related to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing work instruction processing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a work route related to worker B according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a work route related to worker C according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a work route related to worker F related to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a current position and a predicted position according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a process for merging a plurality of operations according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing a concept of grouping a plurality of positions according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing a moving distance when a plurality of operations relating to an embodiment of the present invention are merged.
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a work instruction system.
  • the work instruction system is applied, for example, to a large stock area (100m x 50m, etc.) of a logistics center. In this distribution center, one worker repeats the work for each order of several orders, and processes several thousand and tens of thousands of orders as a whole on the center day.
  • the work instruction system according to the present embodiment is an efficient work instruction system that reduces unnecessary instructions due to waiting for work by shortening the walking distance and walking time of workers. And
  • the work instruction system in FIG. 1 can also be applied to other work management such as a unit production system for machine parts only at a distribution center.
  • the work instruction system is basically installed in an indoor warehouse, but it is not limited to this, and it can be installed outdoors.
  • the work instruction system includes a work instruction device 1, a worker terminal 2, a signal transmission device MAP, a signal reception device SAP, and a position detection server 9.
  • the work instruction device 1 and the position detection server 9 are configured as a computer including at least a memory serving as a storage unit used when performing arithmetic processing and an arithmetic processing device that performs the arithmetic processing.
  • the memory is composed of RAM (Random Access Memory) or the like.
  • Arithmetic processing is realized by an arithmetic processing unit configured by a CPU (Central Processing Unit) executing a program on a memory.
  • CPU Central Processing Unit
  • the work instruction apparatus 1 instructs the worker terminal 2 of the worker to perform work.
  • Judgment is based on the distance between the current position and the position related to the work to be directed.
  • the worker In order to receive a work instruction from the work instruction apparatus 1, the worker has a worker terminal 2 such as a wireless LAN terminal.
  • the work instruction means, for example, that the worker collects the customer's ordered items from the product shelf and ships them to the order unit. Since one worker after 100 people works simultaneously in one distribution center, each worker terminal 2 possessed by each worker is assigned a unique address.
  • FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing position detection means of the work instruction system.
  • the worker terminal 2, the signal transmission device MAP, the signal reception device SAP, and the position detection server 9 function as worker position detection means.
  • Such a position detecting means is, for example, a publicly known technology that has been put into practical use as a wireless LAN system “Hitachi AirLocationJ” by the present applicant.
  • Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-14152 (a distance measurement and position measurement method using a spread spectrum signal, an apparatus for performing the method), Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-002 It is desirable to implement peripheral technologies such as 243827 (device for measuring the position of a mobile terminal) together.
  • Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-14152 is a technique for capturing a direct wave by performing direct path detection with a predetermined timing after the rise of the delay profile of a spread spectrum signal as a reception timing.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-243827 shows a processing method in a case where three or more base stations are not able to find at the time of position detection using triangulation.
  • the signal transmission device MAP transmits a signal (PING) for finding the worker terminal 2 to the surroundings.
  • PING a signal
  • ACK response signal
  • the signal receiving device SAP measures the reception time of each signal.
  • the position detection server 9 acquires the reception time of the ACK from each signal receiving device SAP, and detects the position of the worker terminal 2 with the reception time force. Specifically, the position detection server 9 sets the position of the worker terminal 2 as P, sets the speed of light as C, sets the positions of the signal receiving devices SAP1, SAP2, and SAP3 as PI, P2, and P3. If the arrival times from the signal receivers SAP1, SAP2, and SAP3 are Tl, T2, and T3, the following equations (1), (2), and (3) are used. P, which is the position of the worker terminal 2, is calculated by solving the simultaneous equations.
  • the method in which the position detection server 9 obtains the position of the worker terminal 2 by the above simultaneous equations is triangulation based on TDOA (Time Difference of Arrival) measurement.
  • This method may be realized by installing the signal receiving device SAP indoors, or when outdoors, the position may be detected by a GPS (Global Positioning System) satellite.
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • the position detection means may use other general methods such as RSS (Received Signal Strength) method that measures based on electric field strength.
  • FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing the work instruction device 1.
  • the work instruction device 1 has, as storage means, a work DB 12 in which a plurality of work instructions to be distributed are registered, a product level DB 14 that defines a work level necessary for the work of the product, and a work level related to the proficiency level of the worker
  • the worker level DB16 that defines the work amount
  • the work remaining amount DB18 that manages the remaining amount of work assigned to the worker as the work progresses
  • DB is an abbreviation for database and is a storage means.
  • the work remaining amount DB 18 is appropriately updated according to the latest work progress status obtained by the work instruction device 1 through communication with the worker terminal 2. As described later, the higher the level, the higher the level of learning required.
  • FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of the work DB 12.
  • order No. “0410001” is composed of three sets of work (product P002, product P003, product P005), and the person in charge “A” is “working”.
  • the order No. “0410006” the column of the person in charge is blank and the status is “uninstructed”, so the work instruction apparatus 1 will assign this work from now on.
  • Figure 5 shows the DB related to work (product level DB14, worker level DB16, remaining work DB 18 is a configuration diagram showing an example of the product position DB20).
  • product P001 is level 1 (see the top record in product level DB14)
  • any worker A—worker F (see worker level DB16) can be in charge.
  • product P005 is level 2 (refer to the fifth level record in product level DB14)
  • only workers B, C, D, and F (refer to worker level DB16) with level 2 or higher can be responsible.
  • the product P001 is placed on the shelf with the address “A5” (see product position DB20).
  • worker A has three tasks (work remaining) that have not been completed among the tasks that have already been assigned (refer to the remaining work DB18).
  • the work instruction device 1 shown in Fig. 3 is close to the distance between the current position of the worker and the work place from among the work instruction candidates selected under the conventional conditions for instructing the work. It includes a worker determination unit 30 that gives priority to selecting workers and gives work instructions, and a worker instruction unit 32 that directs work to the worker terminals 2 of the workers determined by the worker determination unit 30. Is done.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing work instruction processing.
  • the worker determination unit 30 refers to the work DB 12 and checks whether there is an uninstructed work (S101). If there is no uninstructed work (S101, NO), the process is terminated. On the other hand, if there is an uninstructed operation (S101, YES), one of the uninstructed operations is set as the assignment target operation.
  • the worker determination unit 30 selects worker candidates corresponding to the work level for the work to be assigned in S101 (S102).
  • the worker determination unit 30 refers to the product level DB 14 to obtain a work level necessary for the work, and refers to the worker level DB 16 to select a worker having a work level higher than the necessary work level. Select candidates.
  • the worker determination unit 30 selects worker candidates from the respective worker candidates selected in S102 according to the respective remaining work amounts stored in the remaining work amount DB 18 (S103). For example, the worker determination unit 30 sets only workers with a remaining work amount of 0 as worker candidates. As a result, the worker in charge selected from the worker candidates can start work immediately, and the work is completed in a short period of time.
  • the worker determination unit 30 calculates the movement distance based on the position of each worker selected in S103 and the product position of the work to be assigned (S104). Specifically, the position in Figure 2 By operating the position detection means, the position of the worker terminal 2 possessed by each worker is acquired. In other words, the position detection server 9 detects the position of the worker terminal 2 based on the signal for specifying the position emitted by the worker terminal 2. Further, the product position is acquired by referring to the product position DB20.
  • the worker determination unit 30 selects a person in charge of the work to be allocated according to the movement distance related to the work of the worker (S105). Therefore, first, the worker determination unit 30 performs a route search for each worker candidate based on the worker terminal 2 and each position of the product obtained in S104.
  • the route search algorithm is described in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-271019. Here, when a plurality of route candidates are calculated for a predetermined worker, the route having the smallest moving distance among them is set as a work route for the predetermined worker.
  • FIG. 7, FIG. 8, and FIG. 9 are explanatory diagrams showing work routes relating to worker B, worker C, and worker F, respectively.
  • the work to be assigned is work related to three products “P001, P005, P006”.
  • worker B passes the route “P005 ⁇ P006 ⁇ P001”
  • worker C and worker F pass the route “P006 ⁇ P001 ⁇ P005”.
  • worker C and worker F have the same order of product circulation, but worker F walks a longer distance than worker C.
  • FIGS. There is a home position on the left side of FIGS. This is, for example, a waiting area for workers who are not assigned work.
  • a specific task for example, pasting a destination slip in a distribution center
  • the work notification method is not limited to a specific notification method as long as it is a general notification method.
  • it may be a simple one in which product numbers are listed in the order of circulation as character information, or as a method like a portable navigation that displays a map and a walking route as shown in FIG. 7 on the screen of the worker terminal 2. Moyo.
  • the work instruction presentation means is not limited to the worker terminal 2, and for example, a voiced version of the character information may be broadcast to the work place, or the operator can drive the work place shelf.
  • a voiced version of the character information may be broadcast to the work place, or the operator can drive the work place shelf.
  • the cart to be reached arrives, it may be presented as visual information such as the shelves to be worked on shining
  • the worker position used for calculating the work route in S104 may be a future position (predicted position) instead of the current position of the worker.
  • FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing the current position and the predicted position.
  • Worker F is currently located in the lower center, but is scheduled to be located near P005 when he has already assigned work (P006 ⁇ P001 ⁇ P005). Then, the next work that worker F plans to take charge is at point P009. At this time, instead of the current position of the worker F, the vicinity of the predicted position (P005) is set as the position of the worker F. As a result, since it is clear that the worker F moves to the predicted position in the future, it is possible to calculate a work route that matches the current situation.
  • FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a process of merging a plurality of operations. It is assumed that worker F has already been assigned the first work (P006 ⁇ P001 ⁇ P005). Then, for the second work (P011 ⁇ P012) to be assigned this time, instead of starting the first work after completing the first work, the new work is merged with the first work and the second work. Processing is performed collectively.
  • the worker F performs the combined work of (P006 ⁇ P011 ⁇ P001 ⁇ P012 ⁇ P005).
  • the movement distance of the merged series of work can be shortened.
  • a merge-destination operation is selected from among them.
  • a selection method for example, as shown in FIG. 12, neighboring positions related to work are grouped into one group, and a set of the groups is calculated for each already assigned work.
  • the work to be assigned this time is also a set of groups to which the product position belongs. Furthermore, by comparing the assigned work and the set of groups to be assigned, the work related to the group whose elements of the set match is selected as the work to be merged.
  • FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram relating to the moving distance when a plurality of operations are merged. It is assumed that the order “0410005” has already been assigned to the person in charge D. Next, the work to be assigned is the order “0410006”.
  • the shortest total travel distance is 210 [m] when the person in charge D executes the work as a combination of two orders.
  • the management merit of concentrating multiple work on one worker In view of the reduction of total workers, etc., an advantage may be given that makes it easy to select the total travel distance to be combined. This advantage can be calculated, for example, by subtracting a predetermined constant from the total travel distance for merging work, or dividing the total travel distance for merging work by the number of work to be merged.

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Abstract

A work instruction device (1) instructs a worker who carries a worker terminal (2) to execute work. To perform the instruction, the work instruction device (1) having a storage mean performs the following steps: a step of selecting not-yet-allocated work stored in the storage means; a step of calculating for each worker a work route through which each worker patrols work positions with the position of the worker terminal (2) as the start point, the calculation being based on information on the position of the worker terminal (2) measured based on a signal emitted from the worker terminal (2) and based on information on the position of the not-yet-allocated work stored in the storage means; a step of selecting a worker having the shortest work route movement distance, the worker being selected as the worker in charge of the not-yet-allocated work; and a step of instructing the not-yet-allocated work to the selected worker in charge.

Description

明 細 書  Specification
作業指示方法、作業指示装置、および、作業指示システム  Work instruction method, work instruction device, and work instruction system
技術分野  Technical field
[0001] 本発明は、作業指示方法、作業指示装置、および、作業指示システムに関する。  The present invention relates to a work instruction method, a work instruction device, and a work instruction system.
背景技術  Background art
[0002] 屋内の倉庫などにおいて、複数の作業者が作業を行うような作業空間がある。そし て、作業に必要な部品は、その作業空間の各地に点在しているため、作業者は、一 連の作業をするために作業空間を移動して作業を行うこととなる。このような作業を行 う場所の一例としては、同じ種類の商品を 1つの棚に多数収納しているような倉庫に おいて、注文者の依頼した複数の商品をあつめて、一括して注文者に発送するよう な物流センタが挙げられる。  [0002] In an indoor warehouse or the like, there is a work space where a plurality of workers perform work. And since the parts necessary for work are scattered throughout the work space, the worker moves the work space to perform a series of work. As an example of a place where such work is performed, in a warehouse where many products of the same type are stored on one shelf, a plurality of products requested by the orderer are collected and ordered in a lump. A distribution center that ships to the buyer.
[0003] なお、作業とは、例えばピッキングである。このような作業を行うための作業者が移 動するルート (作業ルート）は、従来は各作業者の各自の判断で生成されていた。し かし、それでは非効率なため、計算機を用いた手法として、最短のピッキングルート を自動生成する方法 (特開平 6— 271019号公報参照）、 1回のピッキング作業可能 量に応じて移動時間が最短になる作業順序ルートを決定する方法 (特開平 11 208 825号公報参照）、商品までの距離と作業者の作業能力係数力 ピッキング時間を 算出して、作業者の能力に応じて作業時間を最適化する方法 (特開 2001— 19129 号公報参照)などが挙げられる。  [0003] The work is, for example, picking. The route (work route) that the worker moves to perform such work has been generated at the discretion of each worker. However, since this is inefficient, as a method using a computer, a method of automatically generating the shortest picking route (refer to Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-271019), a travel time according to the amount of picking work that can be performed once. The method of determining the shortest work order route (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11 208 825), calculating the distance to the product and the worker's work capability coefficient force picking time, and the work time according to the worker's ability And a method of optimization (see JP 2001-19129 A).
[0004] し力しながら、従来の技術では、作業対象となる商品の位置は考慮されて 、ても、 作業者が現在いる位置は考慮されていな力つた。そのため、作業ルートから遠く離れ た作業者が、作業の担当者になってしまうことがあり、その作業者は、現在の位置か ら作業ルートまで長い移動距離を移動する必要があった。そのため、作業者の移動 距離が長くなつてしま！ヽ、作業の効率化が充分なされて！/ヽなかった。  [0004] However, in the conventional technique, the position of the product to be worked is taken into consideration, but the position where the worker is present is not taken into consideration. For this reason, a worker far away from the work route may become a person in charge of the work, and the worker has to move a long distance from the current position to the work route. As a result, the distance traveled by the worker is long!ヽ Efficient work efficiency! / I did not hesitate.
[0005] そこで、本発明は、前記した問題を解決し、作業者の移動距離を短くするような作 業ルートを算出することを主な目的とする。  [0005] Therefore, the main object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems and to calculate a work route that shortens the movement distance of the worker.
発明の開示 [0006] 前記課題を解決するため、本発明は、作業者端末を携帯する作業者に作業を指示 する作業指示装置による作業指示方法であって、記憶手段を有する前記作業指示 装置が、前記記憶手段に格納された未割り当ての作業を選択する手順と、前記作業 者端末が発する信号を基に測定された前記作業者端末の位置情報、および、前記 記憶手段に格納された前記未割り当ての作業に関する作業の位置情報から、前記 作業者端末の位置を起点として前記作業の位置を巡回する作業ルートを前記作業 者ごとに算出する手順と、前記作業ルートの移動距離が最短となる前記作業者を、 前記未割り当ての作業の担当者として選定する手順と、前記選定された担当者に、 前記未割り当ての作業を指示する手順と、を実行することを特徴とする。 Disclosure of the invention [0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a work instruction method by a work instruction device for instructing a worker carrying a worker terminal to perform work, wherein the work instruction device having storage means includes the memory A procedure for selecting unassigned work stored in the means, position information of the worker terminal measured based on a signal emitted by the worker terminal, and the unassigned work stored in the storage means A procedure for calculating, for each worker, a work route that circulates the work position starting from the position of the worker terminal, and the worker having the shortest travel distance of the work route. A procedure for selecting as a person in charge of the unassigned work and a procedure for instructing the selected person in charge of the unassigned work are executed.
その他の解決手段は、後記する。  Other solutions will be described later.
[0007] 本発明により、各作業者の現在の位置を考慮して、最短となる作業ルートが算出さ れる。これにより、作業者の移動距離を短くすることが可能になった。  According to the present invention, the shortest work route is calculated in consideration of the current position of each worker. This makes it possible to shorten the movement distance of the worker.
図面の簡単な説明  Brief Description of Drawings
[0008] [図 1]本発明の一実施形態に関する作業指示システムを示す構成図である。 [0008] FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a work instruction system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[図 2]本発明の一実施形態に関する作業指示システムの位置検出手段を示す構成 図である。  FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing position detection means of a work instruction system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[図 3]本発明の一実施形態に関する作業指示装置を示す構成図である。  FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing a work instruction apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
圆 4]本発明の一実施形態に関する作業 DBを示す構成図である。  4] A configuration diagram showing a work DB according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[図 5]本発明の一実施形態に関する作業に関する DBを示す構成図である。  FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram showing a DB related to work related to an embodiment of the present invention.
[図 6]本発明の一実施形態に関する作業指示処理を示すフローチャートである。  FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing work instruction processing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[図 7]本発明の一実施形態に関する作業者 Bに関する作業ルートを示す説明図であ る。  FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a work route related to worker B according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[図 8]本発明の一実施形態に関する作業者 Cに関する作業ルートを示す説明図であ る。  FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a work route related to worker C according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[図 9]本発明の一実施形態に関する作業者 Fに関する作業ルートを示す説明図であ る。  FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a work route related to worker F related to one embodiment of the present invention.
[図 10]本発明の一実施形態に関する現在位置と予測位置を示す説明図である。  FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a current position and a predicted position according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[図 11]本発明の一実施形態に関する複数の作業を併合する処理を示す説明図であ る。 FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a process for merging a plurality of operations according to an embodiment of the present invention. The
[図 12]本発明の一実施形態に関する複数の位置をグループとしてまとめる概念を示 す説明図である。  FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing a concept of grouping a plurality of positions according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[図 13]本発明の一実施形態に関する複数の作業を併合したときの移動距離を示す 説明図である。  FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing a moving distance when a plurality of operations relating to an embodiment of the present invention are merged.
発明を実施するための最良の形態  BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0009] 以下に、本発明が適用される作業指示システムの一実施形態について、図面を参 照して詳細に説明する。まず、本実施形態の作業指示システムの構成について、図 1から図 5を参照して説明する。  Hereinafter, an embodiment of a work instruction system to which the present invention is applied will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. First, the configuration of the work instruction system of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0010] 図 1は、作業指示システムを示す構成図である。作業指示システムは、例えば、物 流センタの広い在庫エリア（100m X 50mなど）に適用される。この物流センタでは、 1人の作業者が 1件力 数件の注文毎に作業を繰り返し、センタ 1日に数千力 数万 の注文を全体として処理する。そして、本実施形態の作業指示システムは、作業者の 歩行距離、歩行時間を短縮化することにより、仕事待ちによるムダゃ不適切な指示を 減らすような効率的な作業指示システムであることを特徴とする。  FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a work instruction system. The work instruction system is applied, for example, to a large stock area (100m x 50m, etc.) of a logistics center. In this distribution center, one worker repeats the work for each order of several orders, and processes several thousand and tens of thousands of orders as a whole on the center day. The work instruction system according to the present embodiment is an efficient work instruction system that reduces unnecessary instructions due to waiting for work by shortening the walking distance and walking time of workers. And
[0011] なお、図 1の作業指示システムは、物流センタだけでなぐ機械部品のユニット生産 システムなど他の作業管理にも適用が可能である。また、作業指示システムは、基本 的には屋内の倉庫に設置されるが、これに限定されることはなぐ屋外に設置するこ ととしてもよ 、。  [0011] Note that the work instruction system in FIG. 1 can also be applied to other work management such as a unit production system for machine parts only at a distribution center. The work instruction system is basically installed in an indoor warehouse, but it is not limited to this, and it can be installed outdoors.
[0012] 作業指示システムは、作業指示装置 1、作業者端末 2、信号発信装置 MAP、信号 受信装置 SAP、位置検知サーバ 9を含めて構成される。以下、各装置の具体的な説 明を行う。なお、作業指示装置 1および位置検知サーバ 9は、演算処理を行う際に用 いられる記憶手段としてのメモリと、前記演算処理を行う演算処理装置とを少なくとも 備えるコンピュータとして構成される。なお、メモリは、 RAM (Random Access Memory )などにより構成される。演算処理は、 CPU (Central Processing Unit)によって構成さ れる演算処理装置が、メモリ上のプログラムを実行することで、実現される。  The work instruction system includes a work instruction device 1, a worker terminal 2, a signal transmission device MAP, a signal reception device SAP, and a position detection server 9. The following is a detailed description of each device. Note that the work instruction device 1 and the position detection server 9 are configured as a computer including at least a memory serving as a storage unit used when performing arithmetic processing and an arithmetic processing device that performs the arithmetic processing. The memory is composed of RAM (Random Access Memory) or the like. Arithmetic processing is realized by an arithmetic processing unit configured by a CPU (Central Processing Unit) executing a program on a memory.
[0013] 作業指示装置 1は、作業者の作業者端末 2に作業を指示する。ここで、所定の作業 について、複数の作業者から適切な指示該当者を選定する条件として、作業者の現 在位置と指示しょうとしている作業に関係する位置の距離で判断する。 The work instruction apparatus 1 instructs the worker terminal 2 of the worker to perform work. Here, as a condition for selecting appropriate instructions from a plurality of workers for a given task, Judgment is based on the distance between the current position and the position related to the work to be directed.
[0014] 作業者は、作業指示装置 1からの作業指示を受けるため、無線 LAN端末などの作 業者端末 2を所持する。ここで作業指示とは、例えば、作業者が顧客の注文品を商 品棚から集め注文単位に出荷する旨である。 1つの物流センタには、 100名前後の 作業者が同時に作業を行うため、各作業者の有する作業者端末 2には、それぞれ固 有のアドレスが割り当てられて ヽる。  [0014] In order to receive a work instruction from the work instruction apparatus 1, the worker has a worker terminal 2 such as a wireless LAN terminal. Here, the work instruction means, for example, that the worker collects the customer's ordered items from the product shelf and ships them to the order unit. Since one worker after 100 people works simultaneously in one distribution center, each worker terminal 2 possessed by each worker is assigned a unique address.
[0015] 図 2は、作業指示システムの位置検出手段を示す構成図である。作業者端末 2、信 号発信装置 MAP、信号受信装置 SAP、および、位置検知サーバ 9は、作業者の位 置検出手段として機能する。このような位置検出手段は、例えば、本願出願人による 無線 LANシステム「日立 AirLocationJとして実用化されている公知の技術である。  FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing position detection means of the work instruction system. The worker terminal 2, the signal transmission device MAP, the signal reception device SAP, and the position detection server 9 function as worker position detection means. Such a position detecting means is, for example, a publicly known technology that has been put into practical use as a wireless LAN system “Hitachi AirLocationJ” by the present applicant.
[0016] なお、位置検出手段の性能を高めるために、例えば、特開 2002-14152号公報（ スペクトル拡散信号を用いた測距及び位置測定方法、その方法を行う装置)、特開 2 002— 243827号公報 (移動端末の位置測定を行う装置)などの周辺技術を併せて 実現することが望ましい。なお、特開 2002-14152号公報は、スペクトラム拡散信号 の遅延プロファイルの立ち上がりから所定タイミング後を受信タイミングとしてダイレク トパス検出を行うことで直接波を捕捉する技術である。また、特開 2002-243827号 公報は、三辺測量を用いる位置検出時に 3局以上の基地局が見つ力 ない場合の 処理方法を示している。  In order to improve the performance of the position detection means, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-14152 (a distance measurement and position measurement method using a spread spectrum signal, an apparatus for performing the method), Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-002 It is desirable to implement peripheral technologies such as 243827 (device for measuring the position of a mobile terminal) together. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-14152 is a technique for capturing a direct wave by performing direct path detection with a predetermined timing after the rise of the delay profile of a spread spectrum signal as a reception timing. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-243827 shows a processing method in a case where three or more base stations are not able to find at the time of position detection using triangulation.
[0017] まず、信号発信装置 MAPは、作業者端末 2を発見するための信号 (PING)を、周 囲に発信する。次に、作業者端末 2は、 PINGを受信すると、その PINGへの応答信 号 (ACK)を、周囲に発信する。そして、少なくとも 3台の信号受信装置 SAPは、前記 PINGおよび前記 ACKを受信する。このとき、信号受信装置 SAPは、各信号の受信 時刻を測定する。  First, the signal transmission device MAP transmits a signal (PING) for finding the worker terminal 2 to the surroundings. Next, when the worker terminal 2 receives the PING, the worker terminal 2 transmits a response signal (ACK) to the PING to the surroundings. Then, at least three signal receiving devices SAP receive the PING and the ACK. At this time, the signal receiving device SAP measures the reception time of each signal.
[0018] そして、位置検知サーバ 9は、各信号受信装置 SAPから ACKの受信時刻を取得し 、その受信時刻力 作業者端末 2の位置を検知する。具体的には、位置検知サーバ 9は、作業者端末 2の位置を Pとし、光速を Cとし、各信号受信装置 SAP1, SAP2, S AP3の位置を PI, P2, P3とし、作業者端末 2から各信号受信装置 SAP 1, SAP2, SAP3までの各到達時間を Tl, T2, T3とすると、下記の式（1) (2) (3)により構成さ れる連立方程式を解くことによって、作業者端末 2の位置である Pを算出する。 [0018] Then, the position detection server 9 acquires the reception time of the ACK from each signal receiving device SAP, and detects the position of the worker terminal 2 with the reception time force. Specifically, the position detection server 9 sets the position of the worker terminal 2 as P, sets the speed of light as C, sets the positions of the signal receiving devices SAP1, SAP2, and SAP3 as PI, P2, and P3. If the arrival times from the signal receivers SAP1, SAP2, and SAP3 are Tl, T2, and T3, the following equations (1), (2), and (3) are used. P, which is the position of the worker terminal 2, is calculated by solving the simultaneous equations.
" P-P2 " - " P-P1 " =C (T2— T1)…式（1)  "P-P2"-"P-P1" = C (T2— T1) ... Equation (1)
" P-P3 " - " P-P2 " =C (T3— T2)…式（2)  "P-P3"-"P-P2" = C (T3— T2) ... Equation (2)
" P-P3 " - " P-P1 " =C (T3— T1)…式（3)  "P-P3"-"P-P1" = C (T3— T1) ... Equation (3)
[0019] なお、位置検知サーバ 9が前記の連立方程式により作業者端末 2の位置を得る手 法は、 TDOA(Time Difference of Arrival)測定に基づく三辺測量である。この手法 は、屋内に信号受信装置 SAPを設置して実現してもよいし、屋外のときには、 GPS ( Global Positioning System)衛星により位置を検出してもよい。 GPSを活用するときに は、作業者端末 2は自らが位置検知サーバ 9として動作するため、位置検知サーバ 9 を別の装置として用意しなくても済む。さらに、位置検出手段は、電界強度を基に測 定する RSS (Received Signal Strength)方式など、他の一般的な方式を用いてもよい Note that the method in which the position detection server 9 obtains the position of the worker terminal 2 by the above simultaneous equations is triangulation based on TDOA (Time Difference of Arrival) measurement. This method may be realized by installing the signal receiving device SAP indoors, or when outdoors, the position may be detected by a GPS (Global Positioning System) satellite. When using GPS, since the worker terminal 2 itself operates as the position detection server 9, it is not necessary to prepare the position detection server 9 as a separate device. Furthermore, the position detection means may use other general methods such as RSS (Received Signal Strength) method that measures based on electric field strength.
[0020] 図 3は、作業指示装置 1を示す構成図である。作業指示装置 1は、記憶手段として 、配信すべき複数の作業指示が登録されている作業 DB12と、商品の作業に必要な 業務レベルを定義する商品レベル DB14と、作業者の習熟度に関する業務レベルを 定義する作業者レベル DB16と、作業の進拔に応じて作業者に割り当てられている 作業の残量を管理する作業残量 DB18と、作業対象となる商品ごとにその位置 (アド レス）を示す商品位置 DB20と、を有する。なお、 DBは、データベース（database)の 略であり、記憶手段である。ここで、作業残量 DB18は、作業指示装置 1が、作業者 端末 2との通信によって得た最新の作業進拔状況に合わせて、適宜更新されるもの とする。なお、作業レベルは、後記するようにレベルの数値が大きいほど、高い習得 度を要する。 FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing the work instruction device 1. The work instruction device 1 has, as storage means, a work DB 12 in which a plurality of work instructions to be distributed are registered, a product level DB 14 that defines a work level necessary for the work of the product, and a work level related to the proficiency level of the worker The worker level DB16 that defines the work amount, the work remaining amount DB18 that manages the remaining amount of work assigned to the worker as the work progresses, and the position (address) for each product to be worked on Product position DB20 shown. DB is an abbreviation for database and is a storage means. Here, it is assumed that the work remaining amount DB 18 is appropriately updated according to the latest work progress status obtained by the work instruction device 1 through communication with the worker terminal 2. As described later, the higher the level, the higher the level of learning required.
[0021] 図 4は、作業 DB12の一例を示す構成図である。例えば、注文 NO. 「0410001」 は、 3組の作業 (商品 P002、商品 P003、商品 P005)からなり、担当者「A」が「作業 中」であるという状況を示している。また、注文 NO. 「0410006」は、担当者の欄が空 欄であり、状況が「未指示」であるので、作業指示装置 1は、この作業をこれから割り 当てることとする。  FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of the work DB 12. For example, order No. “0410001” is composed of three sets of work (product P002, product P003, product P005), and the person in charge “A” is “working”. In addition, in the order No. “0410006”, the column of the person in charge is blank and the status is “uninstructed”, so the work instruction apparatus 1 will assign this work from now on.
[0022] 図 5は、作業に関する DB (商品レベル DB14、作業者レベル DB16、作業残量 DB 18、商品位置 DB20)の一例を示す構成図である。例えば、商品 P001はレベルが 1 なので (商品レベル DB14の最上段のレコード参照）、作業者 A—作業者 F (作業者 レベル DB16参照）の誰でも担当者となれる。一方、商品 P005はレベルが 2なので（ 商品レベル DB14の 5段目のレコード参照）、レベルが 2以上である作業者 B, C, D, F (作業者レベル DB16参照）のみが担当者となれる。また、例えば、商品 P001は、 アドレスが「A5」の棚に置かれている（商品位置 DB20参照）。さらに、作業者 Aは、 既に割り当てられている作業のうち、未完了のまま残っている作業 (作業残)が 3つあ る (作業残量 DB18参照)。 [0022] Figure 5 shows the DB related to work (product level DB14, worker level DB16, remaining work DB 18 is a configuration diagram showing an example of the product position DB20). For example, since product P001 is level 1 (see the top record in product level DB14), any worker A—worker F (see worker level DB16) can be in charge. On the other hand, since product P005 is level 2 (refer to the fifth level record in product level DB14), only workers B, C, D, and F (refer to worker level DB16) with level 2 or higher can be responsible. . Also, for example, the product P001 is placed on the shelf with the address “A5” (see product position DB20). Furthermore, worker A has three tasks (work remaining) that have not been completed among the tasks that have already been assigned (refer to the remaining work DB18).
[0023] 図 3の作業指示装置 1は、作業を指示するために、従来の条件で選ばれた作業指 示候補者の中から、作業者の現在位置と作業場所の距離の近!、作業者を優先して 選定し、作業指示を行う作業者決定部 30と、作業者決定部 30が決定した作業者の 作業者端末 2に作業を指示する作業者指示部 32と、を含めて構成される。  [0023] The work instruction device 1 shown in Fig. 3 is close to the distance between the current position of the worker and the work place from among the work instruction candidates selected under the conventional conditions for instructing the work. It includes a worker determination unit 30 that gives priority to selecting workers and gives work instructions, and a worker instruction unit 32 that directs work to the worker terminals 2 of the workers determined by the worker determination unit 30. Is done.
[0024] 図 6は、作業指示処理を示すフローチャートである。  FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing work instruction processing.
[0025] まず、作業者決定部 30は、作業 DB12を参照して未指示の作業の有無をチェック する（S101)。もし、未指示の作業がなければ (S101、 NO)、処理を終了する。一方 、未指示の作業があれば (S101、 YES)、未指示の作業の 1つを割り当て対象の作 業とする。  [0025] First, the worker determination unit 30 refers to the work DB 12 and checks whether there is an uninstructed work (S101). If there is no uninstructed work (S101, NO), the process is terminated. On the other hand, if there is an uninstructed operation (S101, YES), one of the uninstructed operations is set as the assignment target operation.
[0026] 次に、作業者決定部 30は、 S101の割り当て対象の作業について、その作業レべ ルに応じた作業者候補を選定する（S102)。つまり、作業者決定部 30は、商品レべ ル DB 14を参照して作業に必要な作業レベルを取得し、作業者レベル DB 16を参照 して、その必要な作業レベル以上を有する作業者の候補を選定する。  Next, the worker determination unit 30 selects worker candidates corresponding to the work level for the work to be assigned in S101 (S102). In other words, the worker determination unit 30 refers to the product level DB 14 to obtain a work level necessary for the work, and refers to the worker level DB 16 to select a worker having a work level higher than the necessary work level. Select candidates.
[0027] そして、作業者決定部 30は、 S102で選定された各作業者の候補から、作業残量 DB18に格納されたそれぞれの作業残量に応じて作業者候補を選定する（S103)。 作業者決定部 30は、例えば、作業残量が 0の作業者のみを作業者候補とする。これ により、作業者候補から選択される作業担当者は、すぐに作業に着手できるので、作 業が短期間で完了する。  [0027] Then, the worker determination unit 30 selects worker candidates from the respective worker candidates selected in S102 according to the respective remaining work amounts stored in the remaining work amount DB 18 (S103). For example, the worker determination unit 30 sets only workers with a remaining work amount of 0 as worker candidates. As a result, the worker in charge selected from the worker candidates can start work immediately, and the work is completed in a short period of time.
[0028] さらに、作業者決定部 30は、 S103で選択された各作業者の位置と、割り当て対象 となる作業の商品位置とを基に移動距離を算出する（S104)。具体的には、図 2の位 置検出手段を動作させることにより、各作業者が有する作業者端末 2の位置を取得 する。換言すると、位置検知サーバ 9は、作業者端末 2が発する位置を特定するため の信号を基に、作業者端末 2の位置を検出する。また、商品位置は、商品位置 DB2 0を参照することにより、取得される。 [0028] Furthermore, the worker determination unit 30 calculates the movement distance based on the position of each worker selected in S103 and the product position of the work to be assigned (S104). Specifically, the position in Figure 2 By operating the position detection means, the position of the worker terminal 2 possessed by each worker is acquired. In other words, the position detection server 9 detects the position of the worker terminal 2 based on the signal for specifying the position emitted by the worker terminal 2. Further, the product position is acquired by referring to the product position DB20.
[0029] そして、作業者決定部 30は、作業者の作業に関する移動距離に応じて、割り当て 対象の作業の担当者を選定する（S105)。そのため、まず、作業者決定部 30は、各 作業者候補について、 S104で求めた作業者端末 2および商品の各位置を基に、ル ート探索を行う。なお、ルート探索のアルゴリズムは、例えば、特開平 6— 271019号 公報に記載されている。ここで、所定の作業者について複数のルートの候補が算出 されたときには、その中で移動距離が最小となるルートを、所定の作業者に関する作 業ルートとする。 [0029] Then, the worker determination unit 30 selects a person in charge of the work to be allocated according to the movement distance related to the work of the worker (S105). Therefore, first, the worker determination unit 30 performs a route search for each worker candidate based on the worker terminal 2 and each position of the product obtained in S104. The route search algorithm is described in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-271019. Here, when a plurality of route candidates are calculated for a predetermined worker, the route having the smallest moving distance among them is set as a work route for the predetermined worker.
[0030] 図 7、図 8、図 9は、それぞれ作業者 B、作業者 C、作業者 Fに関する作業ルートを 示す説明図である。ここでは、割り当て対象の作業が「P001、 P005、 P006」の 3つ の商品に関する作業とする。すると、作業者 Bが「P005→P006→P001」のルートを 、作業者 Cと作業者 Fが「P006→P001→P005」のルートを経由する旨の計算がな されている。また、作業者 Cと作業者 Fとでは、商品を巡回する順序は同じだが、作業 者 Fのほうが作業者 Cよりも長い距離を歩くこととなる。  FIG. 7, FIG. 8, and FIG. 9 are explanatory diagrams showing work routes relating to worker B, worker C, and worker F, respectively. Here, it is assumed that the work to be assigned is work related to three products “P001, P005, P006”. Then, it is calculated that worker B passes the route “P005 → P006 → P001” and worker C and worker F pass the route “P006 → P001 → P005”. Also, worker C and worker F have the same order of product circulation, but worker F walks a longer distance than worker C.
[0031] なお、図 7、図 8、図 9の左部には、ホームポジションがある。これは、例えば、作業 が割り当てられていない作業者の待機場所である。また、ホームポジションには、全 ての作業の一部となる特定業務 (例えば、物流センタにおける宛先の伝票貼りなど） を実行することとしてもよい。その場合には、 S104の商品位置の 1つとして、ホームポ ジシヨンの位置を追加するようにすればよ 、。  [0031] There is a home position on the left side of FIGS. This is, for example, a waiting area for workers who are not assigned work. In addition, a specific task (for example, pasting a destination slip in a distribution center) may be executed at the home position as a part of all work. In that case, add the position of the home position as one of the product positions of S104.
[0032] このように、作業ルートを求めることにより、作業者決定部 30は、そのルートの道のり の総和を取ることで、作業に関する移動距離を求める。例えば、図 7、図 8、図 9にお ける各作業者の総移動距離について、作業者 B= 200[m]、作業者 C= 150[m]、 作業者 F= 180[m]とする。そして、これらの移動距離を比較すると、作業者 Cが最 短となるため、同じ作業を行うのに作業者 Cが最も効率がよい。そこで、前記の通り S 105では、作業者決定部 30は、作業者 Cを作業の担当者として決定する。 [0033] さらに、作業者指示部 32は、 S105で決定した作業者に作業を指示する（S106)。 作業指示装置 1は、無線通信などで作業者端末 2に作業の指示を通知する。なお、 作業の通知手法は、一般的な通知方法であればよぐ特定の通知方法に限定しない 。例えば、文字情報として商品番号を巡回順に羅列しただけのシンプルなものでもよ いし、図 7に示すような地図と歩行ルートとを作業者端末 2の画面に表示する携帯ナ ピゲーシヨンのような手法としてもよ 、。 [0032] In this way, by determining the work route, the worker determination unit 30 calculates the travel distance related to the work by calculating the sum of the route along the route. For example, regarding the total movement distance of each worker in Figs. 7, 8, and 9, worker B = 200 [m], worker C = 150 [m], worker F = 180 [m] . When these movement distances are compared, the worker C is the shortest, so the worker C is most efficient in performing the same work. Therefore, as described above, in S105, the worker determination unit 30 determines the worker C as the person in charge of the work. Furthermore, the worker instruction unit 32 instructs the worker determined in S105 to perform the work (S106). The work instruction device 1 notifies the worker terminal 2 of a work instruction by wireless communication or the like. The work notification method is not limited to a specific notification method as long as it is a general notification method. For example, it may be a simple one in which product numbers are listed in the order of circulation as character information, or as a method like a portable navigation that displays a map and a walking route as shown in FIG. 7 on the screen of the worker terminal 2. Moyo.
[0034] また、作業指示の提示手段は、作業者端末 2だけに限定されず、例えば、作業場 に前記文字情報を音声化したものを放送してもよいし、作業場の棚に作業者が運転 するカートが到着すると、作業対象の棚が光るなどの視覚情報として提示してもよい  [0034] In addition, the work instruction presentation means is not limited to the worker terminal 2, and for example, a voiced version of the character information may be broadcast to the work place, or the operator can drive the work place shelf. When the cart to be reached arrives, it may be presented as visual information such as the shelves to be worked on shining
[0035] 以上説明した本発明は、以下のようにその趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で広く変形実施 することができる。 The present invention described above can be widely modified without departing from the spirit thereof as follows.
[0036] 例えば、 S104で作業ルートの算出に使用する作業者位置は、作業者の現在の位 置とする代わりに、将来の位置 (予測位置）としてもよい。図 10は、現在位置と予測位 置とを示す説明図である。作業者 Fは、現在は下方中央に位置するが、既に割り当 てられている作業（P006→P001→P005)を終えたときには、 P005の付近に位置 する予定である。そして、作業者 Fが担当を予定する次の作業は、 P009の地点であ るとする。このとき、作業者 Fの現在位置の代わりに、予測位置 (P005)の付近を作業 者 Fの位置とする。これにより、作業者 Fが将来予測位置に移動することが明らかなの で、現状に即した作業ルートを算出することができる。  For example, the worker position used for calculating the work route in S104 may be a future position (predicted position) instead of the current position of the worker. FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing the current position and the predicted position. Worker F is currently located in the lower center, but is scheduled to be located near P005 when he has already assigned work (P006 → P001 → P005). Then, the next work that worker F plans to take charge is at point P009. At this time, instead of the current position of the worker F, the vicinity of the predicted position (P005) is set as the position of the worker F. As a result, since it is clear that the worker F moves to the predicted position in the future, it is possible to calculate a work route that matches the current situation.
[0037] また、 S104で移動距離を算出する際に、各作業を独立のものとして作業ごとに作 業ルートを算出する代わりに、同一の作業者に割り当てられた複数の作業を併合す る処理を行うこととしてもよい。図 11は、複数の作業を併合する処理を示す説明図で ある。作業者 Fは、既に第 1の作業 (P006→P001→P005)が割り当てられているも のとする。そして、今回割り当て対象となる第 2の作業 (P011→P012)について、第 1の作業が終了して力 第 2の作業に取りかかる代わりに、第 1の作業と第 2の作業と を併合した新たな作業として、一括して処理を行うこととする。つまり、作業者 Fは、 (P 006→P011→P001→P012→P005)という併合された作業を行う。これにより、併 合する前の複数の作業に関する移動距離の和よりも、併合した一連の作業の移動距 離を短縮ィ匕することができる。 [0037] When calculating the travel distance in S104, instead of calculating each work as an independent work route for each work, a process of merging a plurality of work assigned to the same worker It is good also as performing. FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a process of merging a plurality of operations. It is assumed that worker F has already been assigned the first work (P006 → P001 → P005). Then, for the second work (P011 → P012) to be assigned this time, instead of starting the first work after completing the first work, the new work is merged with the first work and the second work. Processing is performed collectively. That is, the worker F performs the combined work of (P006 → P011 → P001 → P012 → P005). As a result, Compared to the sum of the movement distances for a plurality of work before joining, the movement distance of the merged series of work can be shortened.
[0038] なお、複数の作業を併合するときには、併合先となる既に割り当てられた作業が複 数存在するときには、その中から併合先の作業を選択することとなる。その選択の手 法として、例えば図 12に示すように、作業に関する近隣する位置を 1つのグループと してまとめ、そのグループの集合を、既に割り当てられた作業ごとに算出する。そして 、今回割り当て対象の作業も同様に、商品位置が属するグループの集合とする。さら に、割り当てられた作業および割り当て対象のグループの集合を比較することにより 、その集合の要素が一致するグループに関する作業を、併合先の作業として選択す る。  [0038] When a plurality of operations are merged, if there are a plurality of tasks already allocated to be merged, a merge-destination operation is selected from among them. As a selection method, for example, as shown in FIG. 12, neighboring positions related to work are grouped into one group, and a set of the groups is calculated for each already assigned work. The work to be assigned this time is also a set of groups to which the product position belongs. Furthermore, by comparing the assigned work and the set of groups to be assigned, the work related to the group whose elements of the set match is selected as the work to be merged.
[0039] また、全ての割り当て対象の作業について、作業を併合する必要はない。よって、 作業を併合する力否かを、各未割り当ての作業について判定することとなる（S105) 。図 13は、複数の作業を併合 (マージ)したときの移動距離に関する説明図である。 注文「0410005」は、既に担当者 Dに割り当てられているものとする。次に、割り当て 対象の作業を、注文「0410006」とする。  [0039] Further, it is not necessary to merge the work for all assignment work. Therefore, it is determined for each unallocated work whether or not the power for merging the works is determined (S105). FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram relating to the moving distance when a plurality of operations are merged. It is assumed that the order “0410005” has already been assigned to the person in charge D. Next, the work to be assigned is the order “0410006”.
[0040] まず、担当者 Dが 2つの注文を別々の作業として実行するときには、注文「041000 5Jの移動距離 = 150[m]と、注文「0410006」の移動距離 = 160[m]との和である 310 [m]が総移動距離となる。  [0040] First, when the person in charge D executes the two orders as separate tasks, the sum of the movement distance of the order “041000 5J = 150 [m] and the movement distance of the order“ 0410006 ”= 160 [m]. 310 [m] is the total travel distance.
[0041] 次に、担当者 Dが 2つの注文を併合した作業として実行するときには、注文「0410 005」と、注文「0410006」とを併合したときの移動距離 = 210 [m]が総移動距離と なる。  [0041] Next, when the person in charge D executes the two orders as a merged operation, the movement distance when the order "0410 005" and the order "0410006" are merged = 210 [m] is the total movement distance It becomes.
[0042] そして、担当者 Dが注文「0410005」を担当し、担当者 Eが注文「0410006」を担 当したときには、注文「0410005」の移動距離 = 150 [m]と、注文「0410006」の移 動距離 = 120 [m]との和である 270 [m]が総移動距離となる。  [0042] Then, when the person in charge D is in charge of the order "0410005" and the person in charge E is in charge of the order "0410006", the travel distance of the order "0410005" = 150 [m] and the order "0410006" The total moving distance is 270 [m], which is the sum of the moving distance = 120 [m].
[0043] よって、これらの総移動距離を比較すると、担当者 Dが 2つの注文を併合した作業と して実行するときの 210 [m]が最短の総移動距離となる。このように、併合した作業と 併合しない作業との比較を総移動距離に基づいて行うことにより、作業を併合するか 否かを判定するようにすればょ 、。 なお、仮に作業を併合しな!ヽ総移動距離が、作業を併合する総移動距離よりも短 いときであっても、複数の作業を 1人の作業者に集中させることによる経営的メリット（ 総作業員の削減など)を鑑みて、作業を併合する総移動距離を選ばれやすくするよう なアドバンテージを、与えてもよい。このアドバンテージは、例えば、作業を併合する 総移動距離から所定の定数を減じる、作業を併合する総移動距離を併合する作業 数で除算する、などの算出方法が挙げられる。 [0043] Therefore, when these total travel distances are compared, the shortest total travel distance is 210 [m] when the person in charge D executes the work as a combination of two orders. In this way, by comparing the merged work with the work that is not merged based on the total travel distance, it is possible to determine whether or not to merge the work. Even if the total movement distance is shorter than the total movement distance to which the work is merged, the management merit of concentrating multiple work on one worker ( In view of the reduction of total workers, etc., an advantage may be given that makes it easy to select the total travel distance to be combined. This advantage can be calculated, for example, by subtracting a predetermined constant from the total travel distance for merging work, or dividing the total travel distance for merging work by the number of work to be merged.

Claims

請求の範囲 The scope of the claims
[1] 作業者端末を携帯する作業者に作業を指示する作業指示装置による作業指示方 法であって、  [1] A work instruction method using a work instruction device for instructing a worker carrying a worker terminal,
記憶手段を有する前記作業指示装置が、  The work instruction device having a storage means,
前記記憶手段に格納された未割り当ての作業を選択する手順と、  A procedure for selecting unallocated work stored in the storage means;
前記作業者端末が発する信号を基に測定された前記作業者端末の位置情報、お よび、前記記憶手段に格納された前記未割り当ての作業に関する作業の位置情報 から、前記作業者端末の位置を起点として前記作業の位置を巡回する作業ルートを 前記作業者ごとに算出する手順と、  The position of the worker terminal is determined from the position information of the worker terminal measured based on the signal emitted from the worker terminal and the position information of the work related to the unassigned work stored in the storage means. A procedure for calculating, for each worker, a work route that patrols the position of the work as a starting point;
前記作業ルートの移動距離が最短となる前記作業者を、前記未割り当ての作業の 担当者として選定する手順と、  Selecting the worker with the shortest travel distance of the work route as a person in charge of the unassigned work;
前記選定された担当者に、前記未割り当ての作業を指示する手順と、  A procedure for instructing the selected person in charge the unassigned work;
を実行することを特徴とする作業指示方法。  The work instruction method characterized by performing.
[2] 前記記憶手段は、前記作業にはその実施に必要な作業レベルを関連づけ、かつ、 前記作業者には実施が可能な作業者レベルを関連づけて格納し、  [2] The storage means associates the work level necessary for the execution with the work, and stores the worker level that can be carried out in association with the worker,
前記担当者として選定する手順は、前記未割り当ての作業に関連する作業レベル 以上の作業者レベルを有する前記作業者を選定することを特徴とする請求の範囲第 The procedure for selecting as the person in charge selects the worker having a worker level equal to or higher than a work level related to the unassigned work.
1項に記載の作業指示方法。 The work instruction method described in item 1.
[3] 前記記憶手段は、割り当て済みの前記作業ごとに担当者を関連づけて格納し、 前記担当者として選定する手順は、前記割り当て済みの前記作業と、前記未割り 当ての作業とを併合した作業を、前記割り当て済みの前記作業の担当者に割り当て ることを特徴とする請求の範囲第 1項または請求の範囲第 2項に記載の作業指示方 法。 [3] The storage means associates and stores a person in charge for each assigned work, and the procedure for selecting as the person in charge combines the assigned work and the unassigned work. The work instruction method according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein work is assigned to a person in charge of the assigned work.
[4] 前記作業ルートを前記作業者ごとに算出する手順は、前記作業者に割り当て済み の前記作業における前記作業ルートの終点を予測位置とし、その予測位置を前記未 割り当ての前記作業ルートの起点となる前記作業者の位置とすることを特徴とする請 求の範囲第 1項または請求の範囲第 2項に記載の作業指示方法。  [4] The procedure for calculating the work route for each worker includes the end point of the work route in the work assigned to the worker as a predicted position, and the predicted position as the starting point of the unassigned work route. The work instruction method according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the position is the position of the worker.
[5] 前記作業ルートを前記作業者ごとに算出する手順は、前記作業者に割り当て済み の前記作業における前記作業ルートの終点を予測位置とし、その予測位置を前記未 割り当ての前記作業ルートの起点となる前記作業者の位置とすることを特徴とする請 求の範囲第 3項に記載の作業指示方法。 [5] The procedure for calculating the work route for each worker has been assigned to the worker. The end point of the work route in the work is a predicted position, and the predicted position is the position of the worker that is the starting point of the unassigned work route. Work instruction method.
[6] 作業者端末を携帯する作業者に作業を指示する作業指示装置であって、 [6] A work instruction device for instructing a worker carrying a worker terminal,
前記作業を管理する記憶手段を有し、  Storage means for managing the work;
前記記憶手段に格納された未割り当ての作業を選択し、  Select unassigned work stored in the storage means,
前記作業者端末が発する信号を基に測定された前記作業者端末の位置情報、お よび、前記記憶手段に格納された前記未割り当ての作業に関する作業の位置情報 から、前記作業者端末の位置を起点として前記作業の位置を巡回する作業ルートを 前記作業者ごとに算出し、  The position of the worker terminal is determined from the position information of the worker terminal measured based on the signal emitted from the worker terminal and the position information of the work related to the unassigned work stored in the storage means. Calculate a work route that patrols the position of the work as a starting point for each worker,
前記作業ルートの移動距離が最短となる前記作業者を、前記未割り当ての作業の 担当者として選定し、  Selecting the worker who has the shortest travel distance of the work route as the person in charge of the unassigned work;
前記選定された担当者に、前記未割り当ての作業を指示するための構成を有する こと  It has a configuration for instructing the selected person in charge of the unassigned work.
を特徴とする作業指示装置。  A work instruction device characterized by the above.
[7] 前記記憶手段は、前記作業にはその実施に必要な作業レベルを関連づけ、かつ、 前記作業者には実施が可能な作業者レベルを関連づけて格納し、  [7] The storage means associates and stores the work level necessary for the work with the work, and associates the worker level that can be carried out with the worker.
前記担当者として選定する手順は、前記未割り当ての作業に関連する作業レベル 以上の作業者レベルを有する前記作業者を選定するための構成を有することを特徴 とする請求の範囲第 6項に記載の作業指示装置。  7. The procedure for selecting as the person in charge has a configuration for selecting the worker having a worker level equal to or higher than a work level related to the unassigned work. Work instruction device.
[8] 前記記憶手段は、割り当て済みの前記作業ごとに担当者を関連づけて格納し、 前記担当者として選定する手順は、前記割り当て済みの前記作業と、前記未割り 当ての作業とを併合した作業を、前記割り当て済みの前記作業の担当者に割り当て るための構成を有することを特徴とする請求の範囲第 6項または請求の範囲第 7項に 記載の作業指示装置。 [8] The storage means associates and stores a person in charge for each assigned work, and the procedure for selecting as the person in charge combines the assigned work and the unassigned work. 8. The work instruction device according to claim 6, wherein the work instruction device has a configuration for assigning work to a person in charge of the assigned work.
[9] 前記作業ルートを前記作業者ごとに算出する手順は、前記作業者に割り当て済み の前記作業における前記作業ルートの終点を予測位置とし、その予測位置を前記未 割り当ての前記作業ルートの起点となる前記作業者の位置とするための構成を有す ることを特徴とする請求の範囲第 6項または請求の範囲第 7項に記載の作業指示装 置。 [9] The procedure for calculating the work route for each worker includes the end point of the work route in the work assigned to the worker as a predicted position, and the predicted position as a starting point of the unassigned work route. It has a configuration for setting the position of the worker as The work instruction device according to claim 6 or claim 7, wherein
[10] 前記作業ルートを前記作業者ごとに算出する手順は、前記作業者に割り当て済み の前記作業における前記作業ルートの終点を予測位置とし、その予測位置を前記未 割り当ての前記作業ルートの起点となる前記作業者の位置とするための構成を有す ることを特徴とする請求の範囲第 8項に記載の作業指示装置。  [10] The procedure for calculating the work route for each worker includes the end point of the work route in the work already assigned to the worker as a predicted position, and the predicted position as a starting point of the unassigned work route. 9. The work instruction apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the work instruction apparatus is configured to be the position of the worker.
[11] 作業者端末を携帯し、屋内の作業空間で作業を行う作業者に作業を指示する作業 指示システムであって、 [11] A work instruction system that carries a worker terminal and instructs a worker who performs work in an indoor work space,
前記作業指示システムは、無線通信により PING信号を発信する信号発信装置と、 前記 PING信号への返信として無線通信により ACK信号を発信する前記作業者端 末と、前記 ACK信号を受信するとともにその受信時刻を計測する少なくとも 3台の信 号受信装置と、前記 ACK信号の受信時刻をもとに前記作業者端末の位置を算出す る位置検知サーバと、前記位置検知サーバが算出した前記前記作業者端末の位置 をもとに、前記作業を指示する作業指示装置とを含めて構成され、  The work instruction system receives a signal transmitting device that transmits a PING signal by wireless communication, the worker terminal that transmits an ACK signal by wireless communication as a reply to the PING signal, and receives and receives the ACK signal. At least three signal receiving devices for measuring time, a position detection server for calculating the position of the worker terminal based on the reception time of the ACK signal, and the worker calculated by the position detection server And a work instruction device for instructing the work based on the position of the terminal,
記憶手段を有する前記作業指示装置が、  The work instruction device having a storage means,
前記記憶手段に格納された未割り当ての作業を選択し、  Select unassigned work stored in the storage means,
前記前記作業者端末の位置情報、および、前記記憶手段に格納された前記未割り 当ての作業を行う作業の位置情報から、前記作業者端末の位置を起点として前記作 業の位置を巡回する作業ルートを前記作業者ごとに算出し、  Work that circulates the position of the work starting from the position of the worker terminal from the position information of the worker terminal and the position information of the work that performs the unassigned work stored in the storage unit Calculate the route for each worker,
前記作業ルートの移動距離が最短となる前記作業者を、前記未割り当ての作業の 担当者として選定し、  Selecting the worker who has the shortest travel distance of the work route as the person in charge of the unassigned work;
前記選定された担当者に、前記未割り当ての作業を指示するための構成を有する こと  It has a configuration for instructing the selected person in charge of the unassigned work.
を実行することを特徴とする作業指示システム。  A work instruction system characterized by executing
PCT/JP2004/019018 2004-12-20 2004-12-20 Work instruction device, work instruction method, and work instruction system WO2006067829A1 (en)

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JP2009009454A (en) * 2007-06-29 2009-01-15 Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc:The Automatic operation distributing system and automatic operation distributing method
JP2009298522A (en) * 2008-06-11 2009-12-24 Teraoka Seiko Co Ltd Picking system and management device of picking system
JP2015506324A (en) * 2012-02-05 2015-03-02 マシューズ リソース、インク． Continuous batch type order processing method
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JP2019215879A (en) * 2013-08-07 2019-12-19 マシューズ リソーシーズ、インク． Perpetual batch order fulfillment
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JPWO2015173888A1 (en) * 2014-05-13 2017-04-20 富士機械製造株式会社 Equipment that supports workers who collect waste from multiple production equipment
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CN111095313A (en) * 2017-09-27 2020-05-01 富士通株式会社 Personnel arrangement setting device, personnel arrangement setting method, and personnel arrangement setting program
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JP2020059571A (en) * 2018-10-09 2020-04-16 サトーホールディングス株式会社 Warehousing/delivering work support program, warehousing/delivering work support method and warehousing/delivering work support system
JP2020093860A (en) * 2018-12-10 2020-06-18 国立大学法人秋田大学 System for supporting picking operation and program therefor
JP7279876B2 (en) 2018-12-10 2023-05-23 国立大学法人秋田大学 Picking work support system and its program
CN113126575A (en) * 2019-12-31 2021-07-16 捷普电子(无锡)有限公司 Guiding method and guiding system for assembly operation process
CN113126575B (en) * 2019-12-31 2022-07-26 捷普电子(无锡)有限公司 Guiding method and guiding system for assembly operation process

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