WO2006067006A1 - Procede et systeme pour la detection de caracteristiques biometriques - Google Patents

Procede et systeme pour la detection de caracteristiques biometriques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006067006A1
WO2006067006A1 PCT/EP2005/056069 EP2005056069W WO2006067006A1 WO 2006067006 A1 WO2006067006 A1 WO 2006067006A1 EP 2005056069 W EP2005056069 W EP 2005056069W WO 2006067006 A1 WO2006067006 A1 WO 2006067006A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plethysmogram
compared
normalized
pulse
finger
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2005/056069
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jan Lichtermann
Ralph Schmidt
Wolfgang Kluepfel
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority to EP05815782A priority Critical patent/EP1831818A1/fr
Publication of WO2006067006A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006067006A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
    • G06V40/1382—Detecting the live character of the finger, i.e. distinguishing from a fake or cadaver finger
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/40—Spoof detection, e.g. liveness detection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/15—Biometric patterns based on physiological signals, e.g. heartbeat, blood flow

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the detection of biometric features according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a system for the
  • AFIS Fingerprint Recognition Systems
  • the live finger recognition should prevent that such systems are overcome by simple finger replicas (fakes).
  • methods have already been proposed which should be suitable for overcoming protection. These include, for example, the measurement of finger temperature, skin impedance, skin resistance, electrocardiogram (ECG), blood oxygen saturation, blood flow, etc.
  • the listed methods are the measurement of vital parameters of the human body. However, most of the enumerated methods are not necessarily suitable as a live finger detection when examined closely. When measuring temperature, the characteristic "temperature" to be recorded is easy to reproduce. Furthermore, the variance of the measured value is too large to be sensibly detected in a narrow window. The same applies to the measurement of skin impedance and skin resistance.
  • the measurement of the ECG places very high technical and financial demands on the measuring technology.
  • the measurement of blood oxygen saturation called pulse oximetry in medical technology, and related methods, such as blood flow measurement, have been proposed, which according to the current state of knowledge should be promising for use in live finger recognition.
  • a common feature of the latter method is the optical non-contact detection of the measured data (vital parameters).
  • the coupling to the human pulse when measuring the blood oxygen saturation has the consequence that at least two pulse cycles must normally be taken into account when detecting the signals. Assuming an average heart rate of 60 beats per minute, a measurement takes an average of two seconds.
  • the plethysmogram analysis proposed according to the invention measures vital parameters of the human body and decides on the authenticity of the applied finger on the basis of the measurement results. It prevents automatic fingerprint recognition systems with simple technical means and low
  • An important advantage of this invention over pulse oximetry is a simplified measurement technique that results in lower hardware costs. Since only light of a certain wavelength is required to record a plethysmogram curve, the second light source used in the Pulse oximetry is needed to be saved. Successful application of the plethysmogram analysis requires less medical knowledge than, for example, pulse oximetry. Clearly definable signals are provided which allow a high degree of certainty to distinguish between the anatomical model of the finger and a technical hose model.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram of a system or a flow chart for the living finger recognition
  • Figure 2 is a plethysmogram of a living finger
  • FIG. 3 shows a plethysmogram of a phantom finder
  • FIG. 4 shows a normalized plethysmogram
  • FIG. 5 shows a normalized individual pulse of a plethysmogram
  • Figure 6 is the block diagram of a system.
  • the plethysmogram analysis records vital parameters of the human body and, on the basis of the obtained measurement results, decides on the authenticity of a body part, in particular a finger, presented to the measuring system for an examination.
  • the invention makes use of the fact that when irradiating human tissue, such as a finger, with radiation of a certain wavelength one - A -
  • a characteristic curve which is called a plethysmogram.
  • the shape of this curve is due to the fact that the absorption of most of the components of the irradiated tissue, such as the skin, connective and fatty tissue, muscles, bones and venous blood, is approximately constant over time. However, this does not apply equally to arterial blood. Namely, at the measurement site, the arterial blood volume is rhythmically increased and decreased due to the heartbeat. As a result of this change in the blood volume, the path length for the radiation used for the measurement also changes, which has an effect on the value of the transmitted intensity. The transmitted intensity varies between two extremes, showing a characteristic of living tissue course. A plethysmogram typical for a living finger is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the time in seconds is plotted on the x-axis, while the values entered on the y-axis represent normalized amplitude values of the transmitted intensity.
  • Particularly characteristic of a plethysmogram obtained on living tissue are the so-called dicrots. Dicrots are oscillations or delays in the area of the falling edge of a pulse of the plethysmogram, which arise through attenuation in the large capillaries as the blood flows into the extremity being examined.
  • Figure 3 shows the plethysmogram of a so-called phantom finger used as a fake with which an AFIS is to be deceived.
  • FIG. 4 shows a normalized plethysmogram. Scanned values are plotted on the x-axis of the coordinate system and the normalized amplitude of the transmitted intensity on the y-axis. Finally, FIG. 5 shows a normalized pulse of such a normalized plethysmogram. On the x-axis in this case again samples, on the y-axis normalized amplitude values of the transmitted intensity are plotted.
  • Normalization in this context means that the normalized plethysmogram pulse PN (FIG. 5) has been created by superposing a multiplicity of recorded pulses.
  • Particularly advantageous and easily recognized characteristics of such a pulse are the pulse area, that is to say the area bounded in FIG. 5 by the curve and the x-axis shown there, as well as the time at which the pulse reaches its "peak", that is A particularly accurate examination of a plethysmogram is furthermore possible by additionally determining a correlation coefficient K.
  • the normalized pulse PN shown in FIG. 5 is compared with a reference pulse
  • the correlation coefficient K then gives the degree of correspondence with such a measure Reference pulse on.
  • a twofold transformation of a plethysmogram is compared with a likewise transformed reference signal and in this comparison the quadratic deviation of the comparison partners is determined.
  • a test person TP is collected, for example with the system shown in FIG. These measurement data form a characteristic curve, which is called a plethysmogram (FIG. 2).
  • the measurement data are determined by means of a corresponding measurement data
  • step 102 mean value and power are checked, for example by comparing these quantities derived from current measured values with typical values, in particular predefinable limit values. If this comparison does not result in a match, step 102A transfers to step 104, which leads to step 118. In step 118 it is determined that no
  • step 102 determines whether a deception attempt was made, for example, to outsmart an access control. If it is then determined in step 102 that the values determined from the current measured values correspond to mean value and power of the expected standard. If it is then determined in step 102 that the values determined from the current measured values correspond to mean value and power of the expected standard, a branch is made to step 102B. This leads to step 103, in which, to increase system security, a further security check takes place.
  • the dicrots in the plethysmogram are examined more closely.
  • the shape, in particular the length of the dicrots is analyzed.
  • the dicrots which are oscillations or delays in the fall of a plethysmogram pulse, are caused by the attenuation in the large capillaries as the blood flows into the limb being examined. They represent particularly characteristic vibrational forms for living tissue.
  • a figure of the dicrots lying outside the expected standard therefore indicates that the current test object is not a living tissue, but
  • Steps 103A, 104, step 118 is reached and the determination that no live finger is present. If the data of the measured dicrots are within the permissible range, then the presence of living tissue is assumed and it is branched, via step 103B, to steps 104A and 104B, which lead to different test steps, which will be explained in more detail below. These test steps 104A and 104
  • step B with each of these branches in subsequent steps, can be carried out independently. Preferably, however, they are used in combination, since this results in increased security against deception maneuvers.
  • step 105 On the way via the step 104A, the step 105 is reached, in which a standardized single pulse (FIG. 5) of a plethysmogram is considered.
  • a standardized single pulse FOG. 5
  • steps 106, 107, 108 different criteria of the individual pulse are interrogated and compared with predefinable standard values. Steps 106, 107, 108 may be made individually, but preferably in combination.
  • step 106 the area underlying the graph of the single pulse is determined.
  • step 107 a correlation coefficient is determined by comparison with a reference pulse.
  • step 109 an assessment is made of the process steps initiated by step 104A.
  • the result of this evaluation is passed via step 114 to a function module which summarizes the evaluation results of the method steps initiated with steps 104A and 104B.
  • step 110 a wavelet transformation of the measured plethysmogram is formed.
  • step 111 a corresponding transformation of a reference plethysmogram is provided.
  • step 112 a function module is supplied, which compares the two components in step 113, determines the quadratic error deviation and preferably compares this with a desired value.
  • the result is in turn fed via step 114 to a function module which, in step 115, combines the results of the branches initiated with steps 104A and 104B.
  • step 116 reaches the step 118, in which it is determined that there is no living finger but a delusion object. Or via step 117 step 119 is reached, in which the presence of a living finger is confirmed. If a fingerprint is positively identified while at the same time passing the test for the presence of living tissue, then there is a very high certainty that an authorized person has been recognized. As a result, for example, access can be released as part of an access control. If, on the other hand, a fingerprint can not be identified or the described plethysmogram analysis recognizes a deceptive object, access remains locked. In addition, in the context of the system 6 ( Figure 6) a
  • Warning device can be actuated.
  • FIG. 6 also shows a schematic block diagram of a system 6.
  • the system 6 comprises a radiation transmitter 60, which preferably emits substantially radiation having a wavelength.
  • a light emitting diode (LED) can be used, which emits a measuring radiation 64 with the wavelength ⁇ .
  • the system 6 further comprises a radiation receiver 62, for example a sensitive to the radiation of the radiation transmitter 60 photodiode.
  • Reference number 61 designates a test object introduced into the beam path between the radiation transmitter 60 and the radiation receiver 62. This may be, for example, a
  • Reference numeral 63 denotes a functional module that evaluates the output signal of the radiation receiver 62. Furthermore, a function module 65 is provided for the detection of fingerprints.
  • This system 6 thus advantageously enables the detection and analysis of fingerprints and at the same time the determination of whether the finger being tested is a deceiving object or a living finger. This system thus allows a high reliability in the detection of fingerprints with high security against deception maneuvers. In a particularly advantageous development of the invention, the accuracy and reliability of an identity check can be further increased by additionally checking personal characteristics of the plethysmogram apart from the fingerprint of a finger to be checked.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour la détection de caractéristiques biométriques, notamment pour la reconnaissance de doigts vivants. Selon ce procédé, un pléthysmogramme du tissu humain à tester est réalisé et la variation du pléthysmogramme est comparée à des valeurs prescrites pouvant être prédéfinies. Un écart par rapport aux valeurs prescrites indique la présence d'un objet trompeur (par exemple un doigt fantôme). L'invention concerne en outre un système pour la détection de caractéristiques biométriques.
PCT/EP2005/056069 2004-12-20 2005-11-18 Procede et systeme pour la detection de caracteristiques biometriques WO2006067006A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05815782A EP1831818A1 (fr) 2004-12-20 2005-11-18 Procede et systeme pour la detection de caracteristiques biometriques

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004061335.4 2004-12-20
DE102004061335A DE102004061335A1 (de) 2004-12-20 2004-12-20 Verfahren und System für die Erfassung biometrischer Merkmale

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006067006A1 true WO2006067006A1 (fr) 2006-06-29

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EP (1) EP1831818A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102004061335A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006067006A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2335565A1 (es) * 2008-09-26 2010-03-29 Hanscan Ip, B.V. Sistema optico, procedimiento y programa de ordenador para detectar la presencia de un elemento biologico vivo.
CN113486704A (zh) * 2021-05-18 2021-10-08 贵州正航众联电力建设有限公司 一种配电房操作员身份验证***

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EP0866417A1 (fr) * 1997-03-21 1998-09-23 Sagem Sa Lecteur d'empreintes digitales sécurisé
EP0947160A1 (fr) * 1997-08-26 1999-10-06 Seiko Epson Corporation Procede et appareil de mesure, de detection et de diagnostic d'un signal impulsionnel, de la fonction cardiaque et de l'intensite de mouvement
US6129675A (en) * 1998-09-11 2000-10-10 Jay; Gregory D. Device and method for measuring pulsus paradoxus
US6236872B1 (en) * 1991-03-07 2001-05-22 Masimo Corporation Signal processing apparatus
JP2004089675A (ja) * 2002-07-12 2004-03-25 Seiko Epson Corp 本人照合装置、カード型情報記録媒体及びそれを用いた情報処理システム

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US6236872B1 (en) * 1991-03-07 2001-05-22 Masimo Corporation Signal processing apparatus
EP0866417A1 (fr) * 1997-03-21 1998-09-23 Sagem Sa Lecteur d'empreintes digitales sécurisé
EP0947160A1 (fr) * 1997-08-26 1999-10-06 Seiko Epson Corporation Procede et appareil de mesure, de detection et de diagnostic d'un signal impulsionnel, de la fonction cardiaque et de l'intensite de mouvement
US6129675A (en) * 1998-09-11 2000-10-10 Jay; Gregory D. Device and method for measuring pulsus paradoxus
JP2004089675A (ja) * 2002-07-12 2004-03-25 Seiko Epson Corp 本人照合装置、カード型情報記録媒体及びそれを用いた情報処理システム
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2335565A1 (es) * 2008-09-26 2010-03-29 Hanscan Ip, B.V. Sistema optico, procedimiento y programa de ordenador para detectar la presencia de un elemento biologico vivo.
WO2010034848A1 (fr) * 2008-09-26 2010-04-01 Hanscan Ip B.V. Système optique, procédé et programme informatique pour détecter la présence d'un élément biologique vivant
US8766189B2 (en) 2008-09-26 2014-07-01 Hanscan Ip B.V. Optical system, method and computer program for detecting the presence of a living biological organism
CN113486704A (zh) * 2021-05-18 2021-10-08 贵州正航众联电力建设有限公司 一种配电房操作员身份验证***

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DE102004061335A1 (de) 2006-07-06
EP1831818A1 (fr) 2007-09-12

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