WO2006064582A1 - 磁気共鳴イメージング装置 - Google Patents
磁気共鳴イメージング装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006064582A1 WO2006064582A1 PCT/JP2005/006152 JP2005006152W WO2006064582A1 WO 2006064582 A1 WO2006064582 A1 WO 2006064582A1 JP 2005006152 W JP2005006152 W JP 2005006152W WO 2006064582 A1 WO2006064582 A1 WO 2006064582A1
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- magnetic field
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- resonance imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
- G01R33/56—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution
- G01R33/567—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution gated by physiological signals, i.e. synchronization of acquired MR data with periodical motion of an object of interest, e.g. monitoring or triggering system for cardiac or respiratory gating
- G01R33/5676—Gating or triggering based on an MR signal, e.g. involving one or more navigator echoes for motion monitoring and correction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/4818—MR characterised by data acquisition along a specific k-space trajectory or by the temporal order of k-space coverage, e.g. centric or segmented coverage of k-space
- G01R33/482—MR characterised by data acquisition along a specific k-space trajectory or by the temporal order of k-space coverage, e.g. centric or segmented coverage of k-space using a Cartesian trajectory
- G01R33/4822—MR characterised by data acquisition along a specific k-space trajectory or by the temporal order of k-space coverage, e.g. centric or segmented coverage of k-space using a Cartesian trajectory in three dimensions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/4818—MR characterised by data acquisition along a specific k-space trajectory or by the temporal order of k-space coverage, e.g. centric or segmented coverage of k-space
- G01R33/4824—MR characterised by data acquisition along a specific k-space trajectory or by the temporal order of k-space coverage, e.g. centric or segmented coverage of k-space using a non-Cartesian trajectory
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
- G01R33/56—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution
- G01R33/563—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of moving material, e.g. flow contrast angiography
- G01R33/5635—Angiography, e.g. contrast-enhanced angiography [CE-MRA] or time-of-flight angiography [TOF-MRA]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
- G01R33/56—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution
- G01R33/567—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution gated by physiological signals, i.e. synchronization of acquired MR data with periodical motion of an object of interest, e.g. monitoring or triggering system for cardiac or respiratory gating
- G01R33/5673—Gating or triggering based on a physiological signal other than an MR signal, e.g. ECG gating or motion monitoring using optical systems for monitoring the motion of a fiducial marker
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/483—NMR imaging systems with selection of signals or spectra from particular regions of the volume, e.g. in vivo spectroscopy
- G01R33/4833—NMR imaging systems with selection of signals or spectra from particular regions of the volume, e.g. in vivo spectroscopy using spatially selective excitation of the volume of interest, e.g. selecting non-orthogonal or inclined slices
- G01R33/4835—NMR imaging systems with selection of signals or spectra from particular regions of the volume, e.g. in vivo spectroscopy using spatially selective excitation of the volume of interest, e.g. selecting non-orthogonal or inclined slices of multiple slices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
- G01R33/56—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution
- G01R33/561—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution by reduction of the scanning time, i.e. fast acquiring systems, e.g. using echo-planar pulse sequences
- G01R33/5613—Generating steady state signals, e.g. low flip angle sequences [FLASH]
- G01R33/5614—Generating steady state signals, e.g. low flip angle sequences [FLASH] using a fully balanced steady-state free precession [bSSFP] pulse sequence, e.g. trueFISP
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
- G01R33/56—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution
- G01R33/565—Correction of image distortions, e.g. due to magnetic field inhomogeneities
- G01R33/56509—Correction of image distortions, e.g. due to magnetic field inhomogeneities due to motion, displacement or flow, e.g. gradient moment nulling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus for imaging a coronary artery.
- the method that has become mainstream now is called the navigator eco method (see Patent Document 2), and is the following method.
- the movements that are problematic in obtaining the image information of the heart are mainly the movement of the heart itself and the movement due to breathing. Since it is difficult to obtain high-resolution images that can evaluate coronary arteries in several tens of seconds at the current MRI speed, it is necessary to eliminate the effects of these two movements.
- the heart movement is usually dealt with by acquiring data for several tens of msec in synchronization with the ECG (electrocardiogram).
- ECG electrocardiogram
- one-dimensional MR data is taken from a rod-shaped part that is perpendicular to the diaphragm immediately before the above data acquisition, and the positional force of the diaphragm obtained from this data is determined in advance.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-60820
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-57226
- Patent Document 3 International Publication No. 00Z06245 Pamphlet
- An object of the present invention is to reduce the influence of the motion of the heart and the motion due to breathing and to improve the time efficiency of data collection in the magnetic resonance imaging apparatus for imaging the coronary artery. .
- the magnetic resonance imaging apparatus includes a high-frequency magnetic field generator that generates a high-frequency magnetic field for a subject placed in a static magnetic field, and a gradient magnetic field that is superimposed on the static magnetic field.
- MR data relating to a gradient magnetic field generating unit that generates a magnetic field and a plane that passes through an axis that substantially coincides with the body axis of the subject is collected within a specific period of the heartbeat of the subject, and the surface is defined for each heartbeat.
- a control unit that controls the high-frequency magnetic field generation unit and the gradient magnetic field generation unit so as to rotate about an axis that substantially coincides with the body axis.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a pulse sequence according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a sampling plane on a three-dimensional k-space for collecting data in a specific period of each heartbeat in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- the magnetic resonance imaging apparatus has a magnet unit 1 having a cylindrical opening (diagnostic space).
- Magnet unit 1 receives a current supply from static magnetic field power supply 2 and generates a static magnetic field HO in the Z-axis direction in the opening.
- the body axis of the subject P inserted into the opening substantially coincides with the Z axis.
- the magnet portion 1 is provided with a shim coil 14.
- the shim coil 14 receives current from the shim coil power supply 15 and generates a correction magnetic field for homogenizing the static magnetic field.
- a gradient coil unit 3 is disposed inside the magnet unit 1.
- the gradient coil unit 3 Three sets of X, y, and z coils 3x to 3z are provided to generate gradient magnetic fields to change the magnetic field strength along the intersecting X, ⁇ , and ⁇ axes.
- the x, y, and z coils 3x to 3z are individually supplied with a current from the gradient magnetic field power source 4, and generate gradient magnetic fields corresponding to the X, Y, and ⁇ axes.
- the gradient magnetic fields in the three-axis X, ⁇ , and Z directions can be arbitrarily combined to produce a gradient magnetic field in the phase encoding direction.
- Each direction of Gpe and frequency encoding direction (readout direction) gradient magnetic field Gro can be set arbitrarily.
- a high frequency magnetic field coil (RF coil) 7 is disposed inside the gradient magnetic field coil unit 3.
- a transmitter 8T is connected to the RF coil 7 when transmitting a high-frequency magnetic field, and a receiver 8R is connected when receiving an MR signal.
- the transmitter 8T supplies the RF coil 7 with an RF current pulse having a Larmor frequency for exciting magnetic resonance (NMR).
- the receiver 8R receives the MR signal (high frequency signal) received by the RF coil 7 and performs various signal processing on the received signal to form corresponding digital data.
- a sequencer (also referred to as a sequence controller) 5 and a series of operations of the gradient magnetic field power source 4, the transmitter 8 T, and the receiver 8 R are controlled in accordance with the information about the pulse sequence sent from the host computer 6. Thereby, a pulse sequence described later is executed.
- the pulse sequence information is information necessary for operating the gradient magnetic field power supply 4, the transmitter 8 ⁇ , and the receiver 8R. For example, the waveform of the current supplied to the RF coil 7 and the application timing, and X, y, z It contains information on the pulse current waveform applied to coils 3x to 3z and the application timing.
- the sequencer 5 inputs the digital data (MR signal) output from the receiver 8R and transfers this data to the arithmetic unit 10.
- the arithmetic unit 10 inputs the digital data (MR data) of the MR signal sent also through the sequencer 5 by the receiver 8R force, and executes signal processing to be described later.
- the storage unit 11 is provided for storing MR data, image data, and the like.
- the indicator 12 is provided mainly for displaying images.
- ECG sensor 17 that attaches to the body surface of subject P and detects the heartbeat of the subject as an electrocardiogram signal performs various processing including digitization processing on the electrocardiogram signal and outputs it to host computer 6 and sequencer 5 EC Equipped with G unit 18. Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.
- FIG. 2 shows an operation flow according to the present embodiment.
- MR data is given position information as phase and frequency information according to the two-dimensional Fourier transform method (2D-FT).
- 2D-FT two-dimensional Fourier transform method
- the two-dimensional surface defined by the phase and frequency axes when collecting data is called the sampling plane.
- a pulse set for collecting MR data of each sampling plane as a unit is referred to as a pulse sequence here.
- An image in real space corresponding to the sampling plane is generated by 2D-FT from MR data collected in a single pulse sequence.
- a three-dimensional region including a subject's heart having a width along the Z axis is excited, phase encoding is applied along the Z axis, and frequency encoding is X, Y, or a combination thereof. Hung along the axis.
- sampling plane force MR data collection including the body axis of the subject P is performed. For example, even if the number of phase encoders is limited to 64 for 256 MR signal samplings, the heart region can be imaged with sufficient spatial resolution.
- FIG. 3 shows a typical pulse sequence of the present embodiment.
- a fat suppression (Fat SAT) sequence for saturating fat spins before data collection and a startup sequence for suppressing echo oscillations before entering a steady state are arranged as pre-sequences.
- an arbitrary MRA pulse train is used to image the coronary artery, and here a segment balance (SSFP ⁇ segmented balanced Steady State Free Precession) force is applied for speeding up.
- the sSFP applies a high-frequency magnetic field pulse repeatedly and continuously to the target in such a short period that most of the transverse magnet remains in the target object. state), the spin signal due to the precession is measured.
- the pulse sequence is repeated under electrocardiographic synchronization.
- the sampling plane is displaced at every heartbeat.
- the pulse sequence is completed in a specific period such as the end diastole of each heart rate defined by a certain delay time DT from each R wave, and is repeated in synchronization with the heart rate, and the sampling plane is moved for each heart rate.
- sampling play 4 is set to pass through the Z axis (kz axis) that coincides with or substantially coincides with the body axis of the subject P in the three-dimensional k space, as shown in FIG. It is rotated by a predetermined angle as the center.
- the number of sampling planes is set to 400, for example.
- the pulse sequence is then repeated 400 times with the rotation of the sampling plane.
- Phase encoding is applied by the Z-axis gradient magnetic field
- frequency encoding is applied by combining the X-axis (kx) gradient magnetic field and the Y-axis (ky) gradient magnetic field.
- the combined ratio of the X-axis (kx) gradient magnetic field and the Y-axis (ky) gradient magnetic field for frequency encoding is changed at a constant ratio.
- MR data collected from the three-dimensional region including the subject's heart as described above is processed by the arithmetic unit 10 as follows.
- a plurality of projection images respectively corresponding to a plurality of sampling planes are generated by two-dimensional Fourier transform (S12).
- the respiratory motion is the force that moves the heart almost along the Z axis. Since the acquisition of MR data for each sampling plane is completed in a very short time during one heartbeat, the artifacts due to the effects of heartbeat and respiratory motion are not present in the projected image. Almost does not occur.
- MR data for multiple sampling planes with different rotation angles around the kz axis are re-arranged (gridding) in the three-dimensional k-space of square grid points with interpolation, and for each of the kx, ky, and kz axes Fourier transformed.
- the kx and ky axes are frequency encoding axes, and the kz axis is a phase encoding axis.
- Volume data relating to the three-dimensional region is generated by Fourier transform (S 13).
- a plurality of reprojection images are generated by projection processing from the generated volume data relating to the three-dimensional region (S 14).
- the plurality of reprojection images respectively correspond to the plurality of projection images generated for each sampling plane in S12.
- the projection direction of each reprojection image is the same or substantially the same as the projection direction of the corresponding projection image. Since it is generated from the same volume data, the position of the heart (coronary artery) is the same among a plurality of reprojection images with different projection directions.
- each reprojection image can be used as a reference image for specifying a positional deviation of the corresponding projection image, particularly in the Z-axis direction.
- the position of each projection image is corrected according to the specified positional deviation (S16).
- the position of the heart of each of the plurality of projection images is unified to the reference position.
- the position correction process is typically an image position shift process assuming that the heart is a rigid body, but instead of the shift process, an affine transformation process that takes into account the deformation of the heart due to the pulsation. Adopt it.
- Each projection image in which the positional deviation is eliminated is returned to MR data in a two-dimensional k-space by two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform (S17).
- MR data for multiple sampling planes returned to k-space is re-arranged in the three-dimensional k-space of square lattice points with interpolation in the same way as in S13, and Fourier transformed for each of the kx, ky, and kz axes
- S18 volume data relating to the three-dimensional region
- a three-dimensional image by arbitrary section or volume rendering is generated from the generated volume data (S19).
- X-rays are obtained from a plurality of projection images in which the positional deviations in the different projection directions are eliminated.
- Volume data related to a three-dimensional region may be reconstructed by using, for example, a filtered back projection method, which is one of computed tomography (X-ray CT) (S20).
- images are generated using all MR data collected by ECG synchronization, that is, MR data collected for image generation can be used for position correction. Unlike the navigator echo method, it is not necessary to collect MR data for position correction separately from MR data for image generation, thereby improving the time efficiency of data collection.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment as it is, but at the implementation stage.
- the constituent elements can be modified and specified without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- Various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of constituent elements disclosed in the embodiments. For example, some components such as all the components shown in the embodiment may be deleted. Furthermore, constituent elements over different embodiments may be appropriately combined.
- the magnetic resonance imaging apparatus for imaging the coronary artery can reduce the influence of the movement of the heart and the movement of the breath and improve the time efficiency of data collection. .
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Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP05727413A EP1825808B1 (en) | 2004-12-16 | 2005-03-30 | Magnetic resonance imaging system |
US11/712,911 US7256578B2 (en) | 2004-12-16 | 2007-03-02 | Magnetic resonance imaging system |
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JP2004-364765 | 2004-12-16 | ||
JP2004364765A JP3668816B1 (ja) | 2004-12-16 | 2004-12-16 | 磁気共鳴イメージング装置 |
Related Child Applications (1)
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US11/712,911 Continuation US7256578B2 (en) | 2004-12-16 | 2007-03-02 | Magnetic resonance imaging system |
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WO2006064582A1 true WO2006064582A1 (ja) | 2006-06-22 |
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PCT/JP2005/006152 WO2006064582A1 (ja) | 2004-12-16 | 2005-03-30 | 磁気共鳴イメージング装置 |
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US (1) | US7256578B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1825808B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3668816B1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006064582A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
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JP2011177209A (ja) * | 2010-02-26 | 2011-09-15 | Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Co Llc | 磁気共鳴イメージング装置 |
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CN100570393C (zh) * | 2006-02-06 | 2009-12-16 | 株式会社东芝 | 磁共振成像装置及磁共振成像方法 |
DE102006033862B3 (de) * | 2006-07-21 | 2007-12-06 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur dynamischen Magnet-Resonanz-Bildgebung sowie Magnet-Resonanz-Gerät |
JP5074051B2 (ja) * | 2007-02-13 | 2012-11-14 | 株式会社日立メディコ | 磁気共鳴イメージング装置 |
US8219176B2 (en) * | 2007-03-08 | 2012-07-10 | Allegheny-Singer Research Institute | Single coil parallel imaging |
JP5329818B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-26 | 2013-10-30 | 株式会社東芝 | 磁気共鳴イメージング装置および磁気共鳴イメージング装置における撮影条件設定方法 |
JP5686828B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-26 | 2015-03-18 | 株式会社東芝 | 磁気共鳴イメージング装置 |
US7541808B2 (en) * | 2007-04-11 | 2009-06-02 | Allegheny-Singer Research Institute | Rapid MRI dynamic imaging using MACH |
CN101366952A (zh) * | 2007-08-13 | 2009-02-18 | 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | 磁共振成像对比剂 |
JP5854575B2 (ja) * | 2007-12-10 | 2016-02-09 | 株式会社東芝 | 磁気共鳴イメージング装置 |
JP5361236B2 (ja) | 2008-03-31 | 2013-12-04 | 株式会社東芝 | 磁気共鳴イメージング装置および撮像条件設定方法 |
US8688193B2 (en) * | 2008-06-26 | 2014-04-01 | Allegheny-Singer Research Institute | Magnetic resonance imager, method and program which continuously applies steady-state free precession to k-space |
US8131046B2 (en) * | 2008-10-29 | 2012-03-06 | Allegheny-Singer Research Institute | Magnetic resonance imager using cylindrical offset region of excitation, and method |
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DE102013205832A1 (de) | 2013-04-03 | 2014-10-23 | Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg | Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Bilddaten |
DE102013205830B4 (de) * | 2013-04-03 | 2024-05-29 | Siemens Healthineers Ag | Verfahren und Bilddatenerzeugungseinrichtung zur Erzeugung von Bilddaten eines sich bewegenden Objekts, Magnetresonanzanlage und Computerprogrammprodukt |
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WO2017040538A1 (en) | 2015-08-31 | 2017-03-09 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Compressed sensing high resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging |
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CA3028716C (en) | 2016-06-22 | 2024-02-13 | Viewray Technologies, Inc. | Magnetic resonance imaging at low field strength |
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- 2005-03-30 EP EP05727413A patent/EP1825808B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-03-30 WO PCT/JP2005/006152 patent/WO2006064582A1/ja active Application Filing
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2007
- 2007-03-02 US US11/712,911 patent/US7256578B2/en active Active
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JP2011177209A (ja) * | 2010-02-26 | 2011-09-15 | Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Co Llc | 磁気共鳴イメージング装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20070159174A1 (en) | 2007-07-12 |
EP1825808B1 (en) | 2012-09-19 |
EP1825808A1 (en) | 2007-08-29 |
JP2006167208A (ja) | 2006-06-29 |
EP1825808A4 (en) | 2009-11-11 |
US7256578B2 (en) | 2007-08-14 |
JP3668816B1 (ja) | 2005-07-06 |
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