WO2006046846A1 - Liquid heater and steam boiler - Google Patents

Liquid heater and steam boiler Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006046846A1
WO2006046846A1 PCT/MX2004/000080 MX2004000080W WO2006046846A1 WO 2006046846 A1 WO2006046846 A1 WO 2006046846A1 MX 2004000080 W MX2004000080 W MX 2004000080W WO 2006046846 A1 WO2006046846 A1 WO 2006046846A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas diffuser
steam boiler
heat
liquid heater
tube
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/MX2004/000080
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Francisco Alvarado Barrientos
Original Assignee
Francisco Alvarado Barrientos
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Francisco Alvarado Barrientos filed Critical Francisco Alvarado Barrientos
Priority to US11/718,320 priority Critical patent/US20090000571A1/en
Priority to PCT/MX2004/000080 priority patent/WO2006046846A1/en
Publication of WO2006046846A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006046846A1/en
Priority to MX2007004613A priority patent/MX2007004613A/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • F24H9/001—Guiding means
    • F24H9/0026—Guiding means in combustion gas channels

Definitions

  • the present invention consists of a heat recovery device that operates inside smoke pipes and is applicable in liquid heaters and steam boilers of smoke pipes, of vertical design and horizontal return design, for residential, commercial use and industrial
  • Figure 1 shows the tank of a vertical design liquid heater that contains four heat recuperators like the one proposed here.
  • Figure 2 shows the tank of a horizontal return boiler, which contains a stove and three heat recuperators like the one proposed here.
  • Figure 3 shows individually the heat recovery that is proposed, which contains inside a cylindrical gas diffuser and four guides for center it dent xo of the smoke pipe.
  • FIG. 4 shows a sectional side view of the heat recuperator of Figure 3 proposed here and two supports of the gas diffuser.
  • the figure. 5 shows a plan view of the heat recovery proposed here, which contains a hexagonal gas diffuser and two gas diffuser supports.
  • the figure. 6 shows a plan view of the heat recovery proposed here, which contains a square shaped gas diffuser.
  • the figure. 7 shows a plan view of the heat recovery proposed here, which consists of a square tubular containing a cylindrical gas diffuser.
  • the figure. 8 shows a plan view of the heat recovery proposed here, which consists of a square tubular containing a square gas diffuser.
  • the figure. 9 partially shows the heat recuperator proposed here and presents in section a smoke pipe, which contains a gas diffuser inside cylindrical and a helical guide to center it.
  • the present invention relates to a. heat recovery device arranged inside smoke pipes, with application in liquid heaters and steam boilers of smoke pipes, vertical design and horizontal design of xetorno.
  • the present heat recuperator in the construction of any heater or boiler of smoke pipes either of vertical design or of horizontal return design, it is essential to include in the construction thereof, a mechanical blower for operating the heater or boiler already mentioned and with said mechanical blower, forced draft or induced draft can be produced depending on the chosen design.
  • the mechanical blower is not illustrated in the figures of the present description, because its use is typical in heaters and boilers of smoke pipes, for commercial and industrial use and therefore it is considered that the description is sufficient to understand the unavoidable function played by the mechanical blower in the present intention.
  • a vertical design liquid heater is provided in accordance with Figure 1, constituted by a tank 1, which contains four heat recuperators inside it as proposed here, which include four smoke pipes 2 and four diffusers of 3 removable gases, however, the liquid heater Üe conforming to the
  • the present invention may contain in its interior from at least one smoke pipe 2 to any number of pipes 2 as required, depending on the diameter of the pipes 2 and the design power of the liquid heater.
  • This vertical heater is required to include a mechanical blower, which can be placed at the top or bottom of said heater and the flue gases can flow in the upward or downward direction, depending on the heater's exhaust in the that the combustion chamber is located, since the vertical heater and the present heat recuperator work the same, with the flow of combustion gases in the two directions already mentioned.
  • a horizontal boiler for the return of smoke pipes is provided, in accordance with Figure 2 constituted by a tank 1, which contains in its interior a stove 4 and three heat recuperators like the one proposed here, the heat recuperators are constituted by three return tubes 2 and three gas diffusers 3 removable, the present horizontal boiler can contain in its interior, from at least one return tube 2, to any number of return tubes 2 depending on the power needs of said horizontal return boiler and the diameter of return tubes 2.
  • Horizontal boiler is typical of the use of a mechanical r blow, which produces forced draft in the stove 4.
  • Figure 3 shows individually the heat recuperator in accordance with the present invention, which is constituted by a smoke pipe 2, which contains inside a removable gas diffuser 3, which preferably also has a cylindrical shape, said diffuser 3 is constituted by a single piece from end to end and has a constant diameter throughout its length as exemplified in a side view in the section of figure 4, in which at least two supports 10 are appreciated which they have a.
  • the present recuperator of Heat also includes a plurality of guides 6 for example, at least four guides 6 at each end of the gas diffuser 3, with an equidistant distribution so that the cavity 5 is axially uniform throughout its length.
  • the guides 6 can be constructed with steel sheet or with steel wire and can have a length, equal to the length of the gas diffuser 3 or can be coryza with respect to the gas diffuser 3 and a plurality can be placed of them distributed in the wall 7 of said diffuser 3, in addition the guides 6 can be placed offset in any direction with respect to the axial axis of the gas diffuser 3, to disorganize the flow of the combustion gases that pass through the cavity 5 and cause them to mix even faster, said guides 6 are axially fixed with any type of welding in the wall 7 of the gas diffuser 3.
  • the main variables that allow to determine the length that the heat recuperator of the present figure are: the width of the cavity 5 and the velocity of the flue gases because, if subsequently to a given design, it is decided to increase the speed of the flue gases d through e the cavity 5 by means of an increase in the discharge pressure of the mechanical blower, or if it is decided to increase the width of the cavity 5, as a result the power of the heat recuperator is increased and therefore, it is required to increase the length of said recuperator of heat and vice versa, because only in this way is it possible to recover the heat contained in the combustion gases, for example, to increase the width of the cavity 5 of the present figure, only the gas diffuser 3 must be changed to a smaller one diameter and guides 6 having the width equal to the new cavity 5 ⁇ must be placed vice versa.
  • Figure 5 shows individually a plan view of another embodiment of the same heat recuperator illustrated in Figures 3 and 4, which is constituted by a smoke pipe 2 containing inside a removable gas diffuser 3 preferably hexagonal in shape and contains at least two supports 10 of very thin profile to hold vertically the gas diffuser 3 inside the tube 2 as in figure 4, the gas diffuser 3 as well as "the previous one" is constituted by a single piece from end to end and has a constant cross-sectional dimension throughout its length in addition, the hexagonal shape of the gas diffuser 3 is not limiting because it can also be pentagonal or octagonal, since the only relevant thing is that the gases of combustion must flow at high speed of at least 6 m / sec through the cavities 5, which are formed in the gas diffuser 3 and the cavities 5 must be very narrow, at least 2 mm between The inner wall of the tube 2 and the outer wall 7 of the gas diffuser 3.
  • the variables The main ones that allow determining the length that the heat recuperator of the present figure must have are: as in Figure 3, the width of the cavities 5 and the velocity of the flue gases because, if subsequently to a given design, decides to increase the speed of the flue gases through the cavities 5 by means of an increase in the discharge pressure of the mechanical blower, or if it is decided to increase the width of the cavities 5, as a result the power of the recuperator is increased of heat and therefore, it is necessary to increase the length of the heat recuperator and vice versa, because only in this way is it possible to recover the heat contained in the combustion gases, for example, to increase the width of the cavities 5 of the present figure , only a tube 2 with a larger diameter has to be placed and a gas diffuser 3 of the corresponding size must be placed inside it and vice versa.
  • Figure 6 shows individually a plan view of one more embodiment of the heat recuperator of Figures 3 and 4, which is constituted by a smoke tube 2 containing inside a removable gas diffuser 3 of preferably square, said gas diffuser 3 is constituted by a single piece from end to end and has " a constant transverse dimension throughout its entire length, in the present heat recuperator as in the previous ones, the only important parameter is that the flue gases must flow at high speed, for example, at least 6 m / sec through the four cavities 5 that are formed in the present gas diffuser 3 and that said cavities 5 must be very narrow, for example, at least 3 mm between the inner wall of the tube 2 and the outer wall 7 of the gas diffuser 3.
  • the main variables to be taken in Panra account determine the length that the present heat recuperator must have are: the width of the cavities 5 and the velocity of the flue gases, once again, same as in the recuperator of Figure 3, if subsequently to a given design , it is decided to increase the speed of the flue gases through the cavities 5 by means of an increase in the discharge pressure of the mechanical blower or if it is decided to increase: the width of the cavities 5, as a result s and increases the heat recovery power and therefore, it is necessary to increase the length of the heat recovery and vice versa, because only in this way is it possible to recover the heat contained in the combustion gases, for example, to increase the width of the cavities 5 of the present figure, just have to place a tube 2 with larger diameter and place inside a gas diffuser 3 of the corresponding size and vice versa., the present gas diffuser 3 It also requires at least two supports 10 as illustrated and described in Figures 4 and 5.
  • FIG. 7 shows individually a plan view of another embodiment of the heat recuperator according to Figures 3 and 4, which consists of a square-shaped smoke pipe 2 containing inside a removable gas diffuser 3 of preferably cylindrical shape, said diffuser 3 is constituted by a single piece from end to end and has a constant diameter throughout its length, in the present heat recuperator as in the previous ones, the flue gases must flow at high speed of at least 6 m / sec through the four cavities 5 that are formed in the corners of the square tubular 2 and said cavities 5 must be very narrow to obtain good results, of at least 3 mm between the inner wall of the square tubular 2 and the outer wall 7 of the gas diffuser 3.
  • the main variables that must be taken into account to determine the length of the present heat recuperator are: once again, the width of the cavities 5 and the speed of the flue gases, then, if after a certain design, it is decided to increase the speed of the flue gases through the cavities 5 by means of an increase in the discharge discharge of the mechanical blower, or if it is decided to increase the width of Cavities 5, as a result, the power of the heat recuperator is increased and therefore, it is recommended to increase the length of the heat recuperator and vice versa, because this is the only way to recover the heat contained in combustion gases, by For example, in order to increase the width of the cavities 5 of the present figure, only a wider square tubule 2 has to be placed and inside there is a gas diffuser 3 of the corresponding size and vice versa., the present gas diffuser 3 also It requires at least two supports 10 as illustrated and described in Figures 4 and 5.
  • Figure 8 shows an individual plan view of another form of the heat recuperator described in Figures 3 and 4, which is constituted by a square tubular 2 containing inside a removable gas diffuser 3 preferably square, the square gas diffuser 3 is constituted by a single end-to-end piece and has a constant transverse dimension throughout its length.
  • the only important parameter is the combustion gases must flow at high speed, at the least 6 m / s to t through the cavity 5 and cavity 5 must be very narrow, of at the least 1 mm between the inner wall of the tubular Cua ⁇ drado 2 and the wall extexior 7 of the square diffuser 3.
  • a plurality of guides 6 are required, with identical placement and distribution and for the same purposes, as described in Figure 3.
  • the main variables that allow to determine the length of the present heat recuperator are: once again, the width of the cavity 5 and the velocity of the combustion gases because, if after a certain design, it is decided to increase the velocity of the combustion gases, to through the cavity 5 by means of an increase in the discharge pressure of the mechanical blower, or if it is decided to increase the width of the cavity 5, as a result the heat recuperator power is increased and therefore, it is required to increase the length of the heat recuperator and vice versa, because this is the only way to recover the heat contained in the combustion gases, for example, to increase the width of the cavity 5 according to the present figure, only the square gas diffuser 3 must be replaced with a smaller one and guides 6 having the same width as the new cavity 5 and vice versa must be placed. , the present gas diffuser 3 also requires at least two supports 10 as illustrated and described in Figures 4 and 5.
  • FIG 9 shows individually one more variant of the heat recuperator illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 and a smoke tube 2 is shown in section, which contains inside a gas diffuser 3 preferably removable in a cylindrical manner, the gas diffuser 3 is constituted by a single piece from end to end and has a constant diameter throughout its length, also contains a helical guide 8 which must , be placed over the entire length of the gas diffuser 3, which can be manufactured with steel sheet or with steel wire and must be fixed with any type of welding on the outer wall 7 of the gas diffuser 3, the guide 8 serves two functions First, radially center the diffuser of «gases 3 inside the tube 2 to achieve an axially uniform dome.d.5, replacing the guides 6 illustrated in Fig.
  • the helical guide 8 must complete at least one turn around the gas diffuser 3 so that a uniform cavity 5 is achieved along the entire length of the gas diffuser 3 and said guide.
  • the guide 8 can be placed in the square gas diffuser 3 of figure 8, as described in the present figure.
  • the cavity 5 according to the present figure, to produce good results must be very narrow of at least 2 itim between the inner wall of the tube 2 and the wall outside 7 of the gas diffuser 3 and the flue gases must flow at a high speed of at least 6 meters / sec through the cavity 5 so that a large amount of heat is transferred to the inner wall of the tube 2.
  • variables that allow to determine the length that the present heat recuperator must have are: once again, the width of the cavity 5 and the velocity of the flue gases because, if after a certain design, it is decided to increase the speed of the flue gases through the cavity 5, by means of an increase in the discharge pressure of the mechanical blower, or if it is decided to increase the width of the cavity 5, as a result the heat recuperator power is increased and therefore , is required increase the length of the heat recuperator and vice versa, because this is the only way to recover the heat contained in the combustion gases, for example, to increase the width of the cavity 5 of the present figure, only the gas diffuser has to be changed 3 on the other that has a smaller diameter and a guide 8 must be placed with a width ⁇ equal to the new cavity 5 and vice versa.,
  • the present gas diffuser 3 also requires at least two supports 10 as illustrated and described in figures 4 and 5.
  • FIG. 1 an example of a vertical-design smoke tube liquid heater is provided, which contains four heat recuperators inside consisting of four tubes 2 and each tube 2 contains a diffuser inside of gas 3 removable in a cylindrical shape equal to that shown in figures 3 and 4, the pipes 2 have an inner diameter of 100 mm and the gas diffusers 3 have an outer diameter of 90 mm, which results in quality 5 with a width of 5 mm, the average speed of the combustion gasses through the cavities 5 is 12 mts / secj and the heater power is 60 kw, which is equivalent to 216000 kj / h.
  • the mechanical blower has a power of 15 W with a discharge pressure of 1.8 CM of water column.
  • the heat recuperators of the present example only require a length of 700 mm for which the liquid heater reach a thermal efficiency of 93% with respect to the lower calorific value of the combustible gas.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention comprises a system for the recovery of heat inside flues for use in flue steam boilers and liquid heaters. The heat recovery system consists of a tube in which a gas diffuser is placed. The gas diffuser may have a cylindrical, pentagonal, hexagonal, octagonal or square cross-section. Most importantly, the cavity formed between the flue and the gas diffuser must be very narrow, at least 1 mm, and the flue gases must flow at high speed, at least 6 m/s, through the narrow cavity, as this is the only way to ensure that a large amount of heat is transferred to the flue. The invention can be used to construct highly-heat-efficient, low-cost heaters and boilers which require a mechanical blower.

Description

CALENTADOR DE LÍQUIDOS Y CALDERA DE VAPOR LIQUID HEATER AND STEAM BOILER
CAMPO DE IA INVENCIÓNFIELD OF IA INVENTION
La presente invención consiste en un dispositivo recuperador de calor que funciona en el interior de tubos de humo y es aplicable en calentadores de líquidos y calderas de vapor de tubos de humo, de diseño vertical y de diseño horizontal de retorno, para uso residencial, comercial e industrial.The present invention consists of a heat recovery device that operates inside smoke pipes and is applicable in liquid heaters and steam boilers of smoke pipes, of vertical design and horizontal return design, for residential, commercial use and industrial
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓNBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Actualmente los calentadores de líquidos y las calderas de vapor de tubos de humo de diseño vertical y de diseño horizontal de retorno, para uso residencial comercial e industrial, los que alcanzan una alta eficiencia térmica, tienen altos costos de producción porque requieren una construcción muy complicada y otros utilizan elementos muy ineficaces para recuperar el calor de los gases de combustión, lo cual ocurre porque no existe -en la técnica conocida- un dispositivo recuperador de calor que sea, a la.' vez simple y eficiente, pues en la actualidad para construir un calentador o caldera de tubos de humo, y de alta eficiencia térmica, se requiere disponer de una gran cantidad de tubos de diámetro pequeño y se hace necesario provocar turbulencias en la corriente de los gases de combustión en el interior de los tubos de diámetro pequeño, o alternativamente se colocan una gran cantidad de aletas recuperadoras de calor de dimensiones pequeñas en el interior de los tubos de humo, también en la actualidad se utiliza el método de restringir el flujo de los gases de combustión para que pasen mas lentos y tarden mas tiempo en el interior del tubo de humo, lo cual se aprecia en la patente de los estados unidos de América, No. 4344479.Currently, liquid heaters and steam boilers of vertical and horizontal design smoke pipes for commercial and industrial residential use, which achieve high thermal efficiency, have high production costs because they require a very complicated construction and others use very ineffective elements to recover the heat of the flue gases, which occurs because there is no - in the known technique - a heat recovery device that is, a. Once simple and efficient, because at present to build a heater or boiler of smoke pipes, and high thermal efficiency, it is required to have a large number of pipes small in diameter and it becomes necessary to cause turbulence in the flue gas stream inside the small diameter pipes, or alternatively a large number of small heat recovery fins are placed inside the smoke pipes Also, the method of restricting the flow of combustion gases is used to slow down and take longer inside the smoke pipe, which can be seen in the United States patent of America, No 4344479.
Los dos métodos de construcción más utilizados que se mencionan en primer término lineas arriba, Implican una construcción muy complicada y el último método mencionado, da como resultado una recuperación de calor ineficiente, propiciado principalmente porque los gases de combustión fluyen a muy baja velocidad en el interior del tubo de humo.The two most used construction methods mentioned in the first lines above, imply a very complicated construction and the last method mentioned, results in an inefficient heat recovery, mainly caused by the combustion gases flowing at very low speed in the Smoke tube inside.
Es por tanto un propósito de la presente invención, el de desarrollar un novedoso dispositivo recuperador de calor, el cual está basado principalmente en hacer pasar los gases de combustión a alta velocidad a través del mismo y con dicho dispositivo, se puede convertir fácilmente a cualquier tubo de humo de cualquier diámetro en un eficiente recuperador de calor, para construir calentadores de líquidos y calderas de vapor de tubos de humo, de diseño vertical y de diseño horizontal de retorno de cualquier capacidad, nuevos, aplicando en ellos el novedoso dispositivo recuperador de calor que aqui. se propone.It is therefore a purpose of the present invention, to develop a novel heat recovery device, which is mainly based on passing the high-speed flue gases through it and with said device, it can be easily converted to any smoke pipe of any diameter in an efficient heat recuperator, to build liquid heaters and boilers of steam of smoke pipes, of vertical design and of horizontal design of return of any capacity, new, applying in them the new device of heat recovery that here. It is proposed.
Es un propósito mas de la presente invención el de desarrollar un dispositivo recuperador de calor, con el cual los calentadores de líquidos y las calderas de vapor de tubos de humo, de dzLseño vertical y de diseño horizontal de retorno para uso residencial, comercial e industrial, son más pequeños, con menor cantidad de tubos es decir, con una construcción simplificada y de bajo costo respecto a la técnica conocida y además con una alta eficiencia "térmica.It is a further purpose of the present invention to develop a heat recovery device, with which liquid heaters and steam boilers of smoke pipes, vertical design and horizontal return design for residential, commercial and industrial use They are smaller, with less tubes, that is, with a simplified construction and low cost compared to the known technique and also with a high thermal efficiency.
Es otro objeto de la presente invención el de proponer dispositivos recuperadores de calor alternativos , en donde también se recupera el calor con mucha eficacia.It is another object of the present invention to propose alternative heat recovery devices, where heat is also recovered very effectively.
Es un objeto mas de la presente invenc±ón, el de proponer dispositivos recuperadores de calor desmontables y por lo tanto adaptables a los tubos de humo de calentadores y calderas ya existentes, para asi proponer un dispositivo recuperador de calor más versátil.It is a further object of the present invention, to propose removable heat recovery devices and therefore adaptable to the smoke pipes of existing heaters and boilers, in order to propose a more versatile heat recovery device.
Es aun otro obj eto de la invención, el de proponer un dispositivo recuperador de calor que incrementa la eficiencia térmica en calentadores y caderas, lo ciial permite disminuir la emisión de gases de combustión a la atmósfera ya que en la actualidad es muy importante, tanto el aspecto ecológico mediante el uso de calentadores con menos emisiones de gases, como evitar el desperdicio de energéticos tanto en el sector doméstico como en el industrial y todo ello se logra con calentadores y calderas mas eficientes y de bajo costo.It is yet another object of the invention, to propose a Heat recovery device that increases thermal efficiency in heaters and hips, which allows the emission of combustion gases into the atmosphere to be reduced since at present it is very important, both the ecological aspect through the use of heaters with less gas emissions , how to avoid wasting energy in both the domestic and industrial sectors and all this is achieved with more efficient and low-cost heaters and boilers.
Objetos adicionales de la invención que aqui se propone se harán evidentes a la lectura de la presente descripción.Additional objects of the invention proposed herein will become apparent upon reading this description.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURASBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
La figura 1 muestra el tanque de un calentador de líquidos de diseño vertical que contiene cuatro recuperadores de calor como el que aqui se propone.Figure 1 shows the tank of a vertical design liquid heater that contains four heat recuperators like the one proposed here.
La figura 2 muestra el tanque de una caldera horizontal de retorno, que contiene un fogón y tres recuperadores de calor como el que aqui se propone.Figure 2 shows the tank of a horizontal return boiler, which contains a stove and three heat recuperators like the one proposed here.
La figura 3 muestra en forma individual el recuperador de calor que a<qui se propone, el cual contiene en su interior un difusor de gases de forma cilindrica y cuatro guías para centrarlo dent xo del tubo de humo .Figure 3 shows individually the heat recovery that is proposed, which contains inside a cylindrical gas diffuser and four guides for center it dent xo of the smoke pipe.
La figura. 4 muestra una vista lateral en corte, del recuperador de calor de la figura 3 que aqui se propone y dos soportes del difusor de gases .The figure. 4 shows a sectional side view of the heat recuperator of Figure 3 proposed here and two supports of the gas diffuser.
La figura. 5 muestra una vista de planta del recuperador de calor que aqui se propone , el cual contiene un difusor de gases de forma hexagonal y dos soportes del difusor de gases .The figure. 5 shows a plan view of the heat recovery proposed here, which contains a hexagonal gas diffuser and two gas diffuser supports.
La figura. 6 muestra una vista de planta del recuperador de calor que aqui se propone , el cual contiene un difusor de gases de forma cuadrada .The figure. 6 shows a plan view of the heat recovery proposed here, which contains a square shaped gas diffuser.
La figura. 7 muestra una vista de planta del recuperador de calor que aqui se propone , el cual consiste en un tubular cuadrado que contiene un difusor de gases cilindrico .The figure. 7 shows a plan view of the heat recovery proposed here, which consists of a square tubular containing a cylindrical gas diffuser.
La figura. 8 muestra una vista de planta del recuperador de calor que aqui se propone, el cual consiste en un tubular cuadrado que contiene un difusor de gases cuadrado .The figure. 8 shows a plan view of the heat recovery proposed here, which consists of a square tubular containing a square gas diffuser.
La figura. 9 muestra parcialmente el recupe rador de calor que aqui se propone y presenta en corte un tubo de humo , el cual contiene en su interior un difusor de gases de forma cilindrica y una guia helicoidal para centrarlo.The figure. 9 partially shows the heat recuperator proposed here and presents in section a smoke pipe, which contains a gas diffuser inside cylindrical and a helical guide to center it.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALIADA DE LΛ INVENCIÓXTDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF LΛ INVENCIÓXT
La presente invención se refiere a un. dispositivo recuperador de calor dispuesto en el interior de tubos de humo, con aplicación en calentadores de líquidos y calderas de vapor de tubos de humo, de diseño vertical y de diseño horizontal de xetorno.The present invention relates to a. heat recovery device arranged inside smoke pipes, with application in liquid heaters and steam boilers of smoke pipes, vertical design and horizontal design of xetorno.
El solicitante descubrió y comprobó experimentalmente que al hacer pasar gases de combustión a alta "velocidad, de al menos 6 mts/seg a través de una cavidad muy angosta de al menos 1 mm de ancho en medio de dos paredes sólidas, el calor transferido por unidad de área resulta ser muy elevado aún, sin utilizar ningún elemento recuperador de calor tradicional, tal como por ejemplo, aletas recuperadoras de calor.The applicant discovered and verified experimentally that by passing high-velocity flue gases, of at least 6 meters / sec through a very narrow cavity of at least 1 mm wide in the middle of two solid walls, the heat transferred by Area unit is still very high, without using any traditional heat recovery element, such as heat recovery fins.
Según los resultados experimentales, se puede comprender que cuando los gases de combustión pasan a alta velocidad en contacto con dos paredes sólidas muy cercanas entre si, la fricción entre los gases de combustión y las dos paredes, propicia que los gases de combustión se mezclen entre si muy rápidamente por lo cual, todas sus moléculas entran en contacto con las dos paredes en un recorrido muy corto a través de la cavidad angosta, esto favorece que se transfiera una gran cantidad de calor por convección, a cualquiera de las dos paredes que esté enfriada por algún liquido., conforme a la presente invención, entre mas ancha sea la cavidad mencionada o entre mas alta sea la velocidad de los gases de combustión a través de la misma, mayor tendrá que ser el recorrido de los gases de combustión a través de la cavidad angosta y viceversa, porque solo asi salen los gases de combustión de la cavidad angosta, a muy baja temperatura.According to the experimental results, it can be understood that when the combustion gases pass at high speed in contact with two solid walls very close to each other, the friction between the combustion gases and the two walls, causes the combustion gases to mix between if very quickly by which, all its molecules enter contact with the two walls in a very short path through the narrow cavity, this favors that a large amount of heat is transferred by convection, to any of the two walls that is cooled by some liquid., according to the present invention, The wider the mentioned cavity or the higher the velocity of the combustion gases through it, the greater the route of the combustion gases through the narrow cavity will have to be and vice versa, because only this way the flue gases from the narrow cavity, at a very low temperature.
Conforme a la presente invención, si se incluye el presente recuperador de calor, en la construcción de cualquier calentador o caldera de tubos de humo ya sea de diseño vertical o de diseño horizontal de retorno, se hace indispensable incluir en la construcción de la misma, un soplador mecánico para que funcione el calentador o caldera ya mencionados y con dicho soplador mecánico, se puede producir tiro forzado o tiro inducido dependiendo del diseño elegido., el soplador mecánico no se ilustra en las figuras de la presente descripción, porque su uso es típico en calentadores y calderas de tubos de humo, para uso comercial e industrial y por lo tanto se considera que es suficiente con la descripción, para comprender la función ineludible que desempeña el soplador mecánico en la presente intención. Adicionalmente, el solicitante comprobó de manera experimental, que si se utiliza tiro natural en la cavidad angosta ya mencionada, los gases de combustión flu^/en a muy baja velocidad a través de dicha cavidad angosta además, los gases de combustión de baja velocidad, .salen por eJ- extremo contrario de la cavidad, a mas alta temperatura que los gases que fluyen con una velocidad de al menos 6 mts/seg en la misma cavidad y aún, con la misma longitud en el recorrido, lo cual demuestra que los gases de combustión a baja velocidad, implican una disminución de la cantidad de calor transferido por unidad de área y también impl lean una disminución de la potencia por área de paso en la cavidad angosta por lo tanto, el recuperador de calor qu& aqui se propone es muy eficaz y de bajo costo, porque se utiliza una cavidad angosta por ejemplo, de al menos.1 mm por donde pasan los gases de combustión y los gases de combustión deben de pasar por la cavidad angosta a alta velocidad de aX menos 6 mts/seg para obtener buenos resultados.In accordance with the present invention, if the present heat recuperator is included, in the construction of any heater or boiler of smoke pipes either of vertical design or of horizontal return design, it is essential to include in the construction thereof, a mechanical blower for operating the heater or boiler already mentioned and with said mechanical blower, forced draft or induced draft can be produced depending on the chosen design., the mechanical blower is not illustrated in the figures of the present description, because its use is typical in heaters and boilers of smoke pipes, for commercial and industrial use and therefore it is considered that the description is sufficient to understand the unavoidable function played by the mechanical blower in the present intention. Additionally, applicant found experimentally that if natural draft is used in the narrow cavity aforementioned, gases flu combustion ^ / at a very low speed through said narrow cavity further, the flue gases of low speed, They leave at the opposite end of the cavity, at a higher temperature than the gases that flow with a velocity of at least 6 meters / sec in the same cavity and still, with the same length in the path, which shows that low-speed combustion gases, imply a decrease in the amount of heat transferred per unit area and also imply a decrease in power per passage area in the narrow cavity therefore, the heat recuperator proposed here is very efficient and low cost, because a narrow cavity is used, for example, at least 1 mm through which the flue gases pass and the flue gases must pass through the narrow cavity at high speed of aX minus 6 m / sec for good results.
Se proporciona un calentador de líquidos de diseño vertical de conformidad con la figura 1, constituido por un tanque 1, que contiene en su interior cuatro recuperadores de calor como el que aqui se propone, mismos que incluyen cuatro tubos de humo 2 y cuatro difusores de gases 3 desmon-fcables no obstante, el calentador de líquidos Üe conformidad con la presente invención, puede contener en .su interior desde al menos un tubo de humo 2 hasta cualquier cantidad de tubos 2 según se requiera, en función del diámetro que t&ngan los tubos 2 y de la potencia de diseño del calentador de líquidos., en el presente calentador vertical se requiere incluir un soplador mecánico, el cual puede colocar-se en la parte superior o en la parte inferior de dicho calentador y los gases de combustión pueden fluir en dirección ascendente o en dirección descenderte, dependiendo del exturemo del calentador en el que esté ubicada la cámara de combustión, pues el calentador vertical y el presente recupeorador de calor funcionan igual, con el flujo de los gases de combustión en las dos direcciones ya mencionadas.A vertical design liquid heater is provided in accordance with Figure 1, constituted by a tank 1, which contains four heat recuperators inside it as proposed here, which include four smoke pipes 2 and four diffusers of 3 removable gases, however, the liquid heater Üe conforming to the The present invention may contain in its interior from at least one smoke pipe 2 to any number of pipes 2 as required, depending on the diameter of the pipes 2 and the design power of the liquid heater. This vertical heater is required to include a mechanical blower, which can be placed at the top or bottom of said heater and the flue gases can flow in the upward or downward direction, depending on the heater's exhaust in the that the combustion chamber is located, since the vertical heater and the present heat recuperator work the same, with the flow of combustion gases in the two directions already mentioned.
Se proporciona una caldera horizontal de retorno de tubos de humo, de conformidad con la Figura 2 constituida por un tanque 1, que contiene en su interior un fogón 4 y tres recuperadores de calor como el que aqui se propone, los recuperadores de calor están constituidos por tres tubos de retorno 2 y tres difusores de gases 3 desmontalóles, la presente caldera horizontal puede contener en su .Lnterior, desde al menos un tubo de retorno 2, hasta cualquier cantidad de tubos de retorno 2 dependiendo de las necesidades de potencia de dicha caldera horizontal de retorno y del diámetro que tengan los tubos de retorno 2., en la presente caldera horizontal es tipico el uso de un soplado r mecánico, el cual produce tiro forzado en el fogón 4.A horizontal boiler for the return of smoke pipes is provided, in accordance with Figure 2 constituted by a tank 1, which contains in its interior a stove 4 and three heat recuperators like the one proposed here, the heat recuperators are constituted by three return tubes 2 and three gas diffusers 3 removable, the present horizontal boiler can contain in its interior, from at least one return tube 2, to any number of return tubes 2 depending on the power needs of said horizontal return boiler and the diameter of return tubes 2., hereby Horizontal boiler is typical of the use of a mechanical r blow, which produces forced draft in the stove 4.
La figura 3 muestra en forma individual el recuperador de calor de conformidad con la presente invención, el cual está constituido por un tubo de humo 2, que contiene en su interior u.n difusor de gases 3 desmontable, el cual tiene una forma preferentemente cilindrica además, dicho difusor 3 está constituido por una sola pieza de extremo a extremo y tiene un diámetr-o constante en toda su longitud como se ejemplifica en una vista lateral en el corte de la figura 4, en la cual se aprecian al menos dos soportes 10 que tienen un. perfil muy delgado y sirven para sujetar verticalmente al difusor de gases 3 en el interior del tubo 2 y entre la pared interior del tubo 2 y la pared exterior 7 del difusor de «gases 3, se forma una cavidad 5, la cual debe de ser muy angosta de al menos 1 mm para que los gases de combustión se mezclen muy rápido en su interior y los gases de combustió»n deben de fluir a alta velocidad por ejemplo, al -menos, a € mts/seg a través de la cavidad 5, pues con estas condiciones se transfiere una gran cantidad de calor por unidad de área a la pared interior del tubo 2 y el tubo 2 coiao se puede entender, es enfriado por medio de' cualquieír liquido dispuesto al interior del calentador o caldara que se muestran en las figuras 1 y 2., el presente recuperador de calor incluye además, una pluralidad de guias 6 por ejemplo, al menos cuatro guias 6 en cada extremo del difusor de gases 3, con una distribución equidistante para que ILa cavidad 5 sea axialmente uniforme en toda la longitud del. difusor de gases 3, las guias 6 pueden construirse con lámina de acero o con alambre de acero y pueden tener una longitud, igual a la longitud del difusor de gases 3 o pueden ser corizas respecto al difusor de gases 3 y puede colocarse una plura lidad de las mismas distribuidas en la pared 7 de dicho difusor 3, además las guias 6 pueden colocarse desviadas en cualqui er dirección respecto al eje axial del difusor de gases 3, para desorgan±zar el flujo de los gases de combustión que pasan a través de la cavidad 5 y propiciar que se mezclen mas rápido aún, dichas guias 6 son fijadas axialmente con cualquier tipo de soldadura en la pared 7 del difusor de gases 3. Las variables principales que permiten determinar la Jlongitud que debe tener el recuperador de calor de la presente figura son: el ancho de la cavidad 5 y la velocidad de los gases de combustión pues, si posteriormente a un diseño determinado, se decide incrementar la velocidad de los gases d«s combustión a través de la cavidad 5 por medio de un aumento en la presión de descarga del soplador mecánico, o si se decide aumentar el ancho de la cavidad 5, como rresultado se incrementa la potencia del recuperador de calor y por lo tanto, se requiere aumentar la longitud de dicho recuperador de calor y viceversa, porque solo asi se alcanza a recuperar el calor que contienen los gases de combustión, por ejemplo, para incrementar el ancho de la cavidad 5 de la presente figura, solo tiene que cambiarse el difusor de gases 3 por otro de menor diámetro y se deben colocar unas guias 6 que tengan el ancho igual a la nueva cavidad 5 γ viceversa.Figure 3 shows individually the heat recuperator in accordance with the present invention, which is constituted by a smoke pipe 2, which contains inside a removable gas diffuser 3, which preferably also has a cylindrical shape, said diffuser 3 is constituted by a single piece from end to end and has a constant diameter throughout its length as exemplified in a side view in the section of figure 4, in which at least two supports 10 are appreciated which they have a. very thin profile and serve to hold vertically the gas diffuser 3 inside the tube 2 and between the inner wall of the tube 2 and the outer wall 7 of the diffuser of 'gases 3, a cavity 5 is formed, which must be very narrow at least 1 mm so that the combustion gases mix very quickly inside and the combustion gases must flow at high speed for example, at least, at € mts / sec through the cavity 5, because under these conditions a large amount of heat is transferred per unit area to the inner wall of the tube 2 and the coiao tube 2 can be understood, it is cooled by means of any liquid disposed inside the heater or boiler that is shown in figures 1 and 2., the present recuperator of Heat also includes a plurality of guides 6 for example, at least four guides 6 at each end of the gas diffuser 3, with an equidistant distribution so that the cavity 5 is axially uniform throughout its length. gas diffuser 3, the guides 6 can be constructed with steel sheet or with steel wire and can have a length, equal to the length of the gas diffuser 3 or can be coryza with respect to the gas diffuser 3 and a plurality can be placed of them distributed in the wall 7 of said diffuser 3, in addition the guides 6 can be placed offset in any direction with respect to the axial axis of the gas diffuser 3, to disorganize the flow of the combustion gases that pass through the cavity 5 and cause them to mix even faster, said guides 6 are axially fixed with any type of welding in the wall 7 of the gas diffuser 3. The main variables that allow to determine the length that the heat recuperator of the present figure are: the width of the cavity 5 and the velocity of the flue gases because, if subsequently to a given design, it is decided to increase the speed of the flue gases d through e the cavity 5 by means of an increase in the discharge pressure of the mechanical blower, or if it is decided to increase the width of the cavity 5, as a result the power of the heat recuperator is increased and therefore, it is required to increase the length of said recuperator of heat and vice versa, because only in this way is it possible to recover the heat contained in the combustion gases, for example, to increase the width of the cavity 5 of the present figure, only the gas diffuser 3 must be changed to a smaller one diameter and guides 6 having the width equal to the new cavity 5 γ must be placed vice versa.
ILa figura 5 muestra en forma individual una vista en planta de otra modalidad del mismo recuperador de calor que se ilustra en las figuras 3 y 4, el cual está constituido por un tubo de humo 2 que contiene en su interior un difusor de gases 3 desmontable de forma preferentemente hexagonal y contiene al menos dos soportes 10 de perfil muy delgado para sujetax verticalmente al difusor de gases 3 en el interior del tubo 2 igual que en la figura 4, el difmsor de gases 3 al igual «que el anterior, está constituido por una sola pieza de extremo a extremo y tiene una dimensión transversal constante en toda su longitud además, la forma hexagonal del difusor de gases 3 no es limitativa porque puede ser también de forma pentagonal u octagonal, pues lo único relevante es que los gases de combustión deben de fluir a alta velocidad de al menos 6 mts/seg a través de las cavidades 5, que se forman en el difusor de gases 3 y las cavidades 5 deben de ser muy angostas, de al menos 2 mm entre la pared interior del tubo 2 y la pared exterior 7 del difusor de gases 3. Las variables principales que permiten determinar la longitud que debe tener el recuperador de calor de la presente figura son: igual que en la figura 3, el ancho de las cavidades 5 y la velocidad de los gases de combustión pues, si posteriormente a un diseño determinado, se decide incrementar la velocidad de los gases de combustión a través de las cavidades 5 por medio de un aumento en la presión de descarga del soplador mecánico, o si se decide aumentar el ancho de las cavidades 5, como resultado se incrementa la potencia del ^recuperador de calor y por lo tanto, se requiere incrementar ILa longitud del recuperador de calor y viceversa, porque solo asi se alcanza a recuperar el calor que contienen los gases de combustión, por ejemplo, para aumentar el ancho de las cavidades 5 de la presente figura, solo tiene que colocarse un tubo 2 con un diámetro mayor y se debe colocar en su interior un difusor de gases 3 de la medida correspondiente y viceversa.Figure 5 shows individually a plan view of another embodiment of the same heat recuperator illustrated in Figures 3 and 4, which is constituted by a smoke pipe 2 containing inside a removable gas diffuser 3 preferably hexagonal in shape and contains at least two supports 10 of very thin profile to hold vertically the gas diffuser 3 inside the tube 2 as in figure 4, the gas diffuser 3 as well as "the previous one" is constituted by a single piece from end to end and has a constant cross-sectional dimension throughout its length in addition, the hexagonal shape of the gas diffuser 3 is not limiting because it can also be pentagonal or octagonal, since the only relevant thing is that the gases of combustion must flow at high speed of at least 6 m / sec through the cavities 5, which are formed in the gas diffuser 3 and the cavities 5 must be very narrow, at least 2 mm between The inner wall of the tube 2 and the outer wall 7 of the gas diffuser 3. The variables The main ones that allow determining the length that the heat recuperator of the present figure must have are: as in Figure 3, the width of the cavities 5 and the velocity of the flue gases because, if subsequently to a given design, decides to increase the speed of the flue gases through the cavities 5 by means of an increase in the discharge pressure of the mechanical blower, or if it is decided to increase the width of the cavities 5, as a result the power of the recuperator is increased of heat and therefore, it is necessary to increase the length of the heat recuperator and vice versa, because only in this way is it possible to recover the heat contained in the combustion gases, for example, to increase the width of the cavities 5 of the present figure , only a tube 2 with a larger diameter has to be placed and a gas diffuser 3 of the corresponding size must be placed inside it and vice versa.
La figura 6 muestra en forma individual una vista de planta de una modalidad mas del recuperador de calor de las figuras 3 y 4, el cual está constituido por un tubo de humo 2 que cont±ene en su interior un difusor de gases 3 desmontable de forma preferentemente cuadrada, dicho difusor de gases 3 está constituido por una sola pieza de extremo a extremo y tiene "una dimensión transversal constante en toda su longitud, en el presente recuperador de calLor igual que en los anteriores, el único parámetro importante es que los gases de combustión deben de fluir a alta velocidad por ejemplo, al menos a 6 mts/seg a través de las cuatro cavidades 5 que se forman en el presente difiαsor de gases 3 y que dichas cavidades 5 deben de ser muy angostas por ejemplo, de al menos 3 mm entre la pared interior del tubo 2 y la pared exterior 7 del difusor de gases 3. Las variables principales que deben tomarse en cuenta panra determinar la longitud que debe tener el presente recuperador de calor son: el ancho de las cavidades 5 y la velocidad de los gases de combustión, una vez más, igual que en el recuperador de la Figura 3, si posteriormente a un diseño determinado, se decide incrementar la velocidad de los gases de combustión a través de las cavidades 5 por medio de un aumento en la presión de descarga del soplador mecánico o si se decide aumentar: el ancho de las cavidades 5, como resultado se incrementa la potencia del recuperador de calor y por lo tanto, se requiere aumentar la longitud del recuperador de calor y viceversa, porque solo asi se alcanza a recuperar el calor que contienen los gases de combustión, por ejemplo, para incrementar el ancho de las cavidades 5 de la presente figura, solo tiene que colocarse un tubo 2 con mayor diámetro y colocar en su interior un difusor de gases 3 de la medida correspondiente y viceversa., el presente difusor de gases 3 también requiere al menos dos soportes 10 como se ilustran y describen en las figuras 4 y 5.Figure 6 shows individually a plan view of one more embodiment of the heat recuperator of Figures 3 and 4, which is constituted by a smoke tube 2 containing inside a removable gas diffuser 3 of preferably square, said gas diffuser 3 is constituted by a single piece from end to end and has " a constant transverse dimension throughout its entire length, in the present heat recuperator as in the previous ones, the only important parameter is that the flue gases must flow at high speed, for example, at least 6 m / sec through the four cavities 5 that are formed in the present gas diffuser 3 and that said cavities 5 must be very narrow, for example, at least 3 mm between the inner wall of the tube 2 and the outer wall 7 of the gas diffuser 3. The main variables to be taken in Panra account determine the length that the present heat recuperator must have are: the width of the cavities 5 and the velocity of the flue gases, once again, same as in the recuperator of Figure 3, if subsequently to a given design , it is decided to increase the speed of the flue gases through the cavities 5 by means of an increase in the discharge pressure of the mechanical blower or if it is decided to increase: the width of the cavities 5, as a result s and increases the heat recovery power and therefore, it is necessary to increase the length of the heat recovery and vice versa, because only in this way is it possible to recover the heat contained in the combustion gases, for example, to increase the width of the cavities 5 of the present figure, just have to place a tube 2 with larger diameter and place inside a gas diffuser 3 of the corresponding size and vice versa., the present gas diffuser 3 It also requires at least two supports 10 as illustrated and described in Figures 4 and 5.
La figura 7 muestra en forma individual una vista de planta de otra modalidad del recuperador de calor conforme a las figuras 3 y 4, el cual consiste en un tubular de humo 2 de forma cuadrada que contiene en su interior un difusor de gases 3 desmontable de forma preferentemente cilindrica, dicho difusor 3 está constituido por una sola pieza de extremo a extremo y tiene un diámetro constante en toda su longitud,, en el presente recuperador de calor igual que en los anteriores, los gases de combustión deben de fluir a alta velocidad de al menos 6 mts/seg a través de las cuatro cavidades 5 que se forman en las esquinas del tubular cuadrado 2 y dichas cavidades 5 deben de ser muy angostas para obtener buenos resultados, de al menos 3 mm entre la pared interior del tubular cuadrado 2 y la pared exterior 7 del difusor de gases 3. Las variables principales que deben tomarse en cuenta para determinar la longitud del presente recuperador de calor son: una ves mas, el ancho de las cavidades 5 y la velocidad de los gases de combustión pues, si posteriormente a un diseño determinado, se decide aumentar la velocidad de los gases de combustión a través de las cavidades 5 por medio de un aumento en la pxesión de descarga del soplador mecánico, o si se decide incrementar el ancho de las cav±dades 5, como resultado se incrementa la potencia del recuperador de calor y por lo tanto, se recguiere aumentar la longitud del recuperador de calor y viceversa, porque solo asi se alcanza a recuperar el calor que contienen los gases de combiαstión, por ejemplo, para incrementar el ancho de las cavidades 5 de la presente figura, solo tiene que colocarse un tubuLar cuadrado 2 más ancho y en su interior disponer un difusor de gases 3 de la medida correspondiente y viceversa., el presente difusor de gases 3 también requiere al menos dos soportes 10 como se ilustran y describen en las figuras 4 y 5.Figure 7 shows individually a plan view of another embodiment of the heat recuperator according to Figures 3 and 4, which consists of a square-shaped smoke pipe 2 containing inside a removable gas diffuser 3 of preferably cylindrical shape, said diffuser 3 is constituted by a single piece from end to end and has a constant diameter throughout its length, in the present heat recuperator as in the previous ones, the flue gases must flow at high speed of at least 6 m / sec through the four cavities 5 that are formed in the corners of the square tubular 2 and said cavities 5 must be very narrow to obtain good results, of at least 3 mm between the inner wall of the square tubular 2 and the outer wall 7 of the gas diffuser 3. The main variables that must be taken into account to determine the length of the present heat recuperator are: once again, the width of the cavities 5 and the speed of the flue gases, then, if after a certain design, it is decided to increase the speed of the flue gases through the cavities 5 by means of an increase in the discharge discharge of the mechanical blower, or if it is decided to increase the width of Cavities 5, as a result, the power of the heat recuperator is increased and therefore, it is recommended to increase the length of the heat recuperator and vice versa, because this is the only way to recover the heat contained in combustion gases, by For example, in order to increase the width of the cavities 5 of the present figure, only a wider square tubule 2 has to be placed and inside there is a gas diffuser 3 of the corresponding size and vice versa., the present gas diffuser 3 also It requires at least two supports 10 as illustrated and described in Figures 4 and 5.
La figura 8 muestra en forma individual una vista de planta aún, de otra modalidad del recuperador de calor que se describe en las figuras 3 y 4, el cual está constituido por un tubular cuadrado 2 que contiene en su interior un difusor de gases 3 desmontable de forma preferentemente cuadrada, el difusor de gases cuadrado 3 está constituido por una sola pieza de extremo a extremo y tiene una dimensión transversal constante en toda su longitud., en el presente recuperador de calor igual que en los anteriores, eL único parámetro importante es que los gases de combustión, deben de fluir a alta velocidad, de al menos 6 mts/seg at través de la cavidad 5 y que la cavidad 5 debe de ser muy angosta, de al menos 1 mm entre la pared interior del tubular cua<drado 2 y la pared extexior 7 del difusor cuadrado 3., en el presente difusor de gases 3, se requieren una pluralidad de guias 6, con una colocación y distribución idénticas y para los mismos fines, tal y como se describen en la figura 3. Las variables principales que permiten determinar la longitud del presente recuperador de calor son: una ves mas, el ancho de la cavidad 5 y la velocidad de los gases de combustión pues, si posteriormente a un diseño determinado, se decide aumentar la velocidad de los gases de combustión, a través de la cavidad 5 por medio de un incremento en la presi ón de descarga del soplador mecánico, o si se decide aumentar el ancho de la cavidad 5, como resultado se incrementa la potencia del recuperador de calor y por lo tanto, se requiere aumentar la longitud del recuperador de calor y viceversa, porque solo asi se alcanza a recuperar el calor que contienen los gases de combustión, por ejemplo, para aumentar el ancho de la cavidad 5 conforme a la presente figura, sólo se tiene que cambiar el difusor de gases cuadrado 3 por otro de menor ancho y se deben colocar unas guías 6 que tengan el ancho igual a la nueva cavidad 5 y viceversa. , el presente difusor de gases 3 también requiere al menos dos soportes 10 como se ilustran y describen en las figuras 4 y 5.Figure 8 shows an individual plan view of another form of the heat recuperator described in Figures 3 and 4, which is constituted by a square tubular 2 containing inside a removable gas diffuser 3 preferably square, the square gas diffuser 3 is constituted by a single end-to-end piece and has a constant transverse dimension throughout its length., in the present heat recuperator as in the previous ones, the only important parameter is the combustion gases must flow at high speed, at the least 6 m / s to t through the cavity 5 and cavity 5 must be very narrow, of at the least 1 mm between the inner wall of the tubular Cua <drado 2 and the wall extexior 7 of the square diffuser 3., in the present gas diffuser 3, a plurality of guides 6 are required, with identical placement and distribution and for the same purposes, as described in Figure 3. The main variables that allow to determine the length of the present heat recuperator are: once again, the width of the cavity 5 and the velocity of the combustion gases because, if after a certain design, it is decided to increase the velocity of the combustion gases, to through the cavity 5 by means of an increase in the discharge pressure of the mechanical blower, or if it is decided to increase the width of the cavity 5, as a result the heat recuperator power is increased and therefore, it is required to increase the length of the heat recuperator and vice versa, because this is the only way to recover the heat contained in the combustion gases, for example, to increase the width of the cavity 5 according to the present figure, only the square gas diffuser 3 must be replaced with a smaller one and guides 6 having the same width as the new cavity 5 and vice versa must be placed. , the present gas diffuser 3 also requires at least two supports 10 as illustrated and described in Figures 4 and 5.
La figura 9 muestra en forma individual una variante mas del recuperador de calor que se ilustra en las figuras 3 y 4 y se aprecia en corte un tubo de humo 2, el cual contiene en su interior un difusor de gases 3 desmontable de forma preferentemente cilindrica, el difusor de gases 3 está constituido por una sola pieza de extremo a extremo y tiene un diámetro constante en toda su longitud, .además contiene una guia 8 de forma helicoidal que debe, colocarse en toda la longitud del difusor de gases 3, la cual puede fabricarse con lamina de acero o con alambre de acero y debe fijarse con cualquier tipo de soldadura en la pared exterior 7 del difusor de gases 3, la guia 8 cumple dos funciones, primero la de centrar radialmente el difusor de «gases 3 en el interior del tubo 2 para lograr una cavida.d 5 axialmente uniforme, en sustitución de las guias 6 que se ilustran en la figura 3, además tiene la función de desviar los gases de combustión como lo indica la flecha 9, con lo cual se logra que los gases de combustión se mezclen- mas rápido y en un recorrido mas corto que los gases que se desplazan en dirección axial como se describen en la figura. 3., conforme a la presente figura, la guia 8 de forma helicoidal debe completar al menos una vuelta alrededor del difusor de gases 3 para que se logre una cavidad 5 uniforme en toda la longitud del difusor de gases 3 y dicha guia. 8 puede estar constituida por una sola pieza o puede estar constituida por una pluralidad de secciones, las cuales deben fijarse de forma helicoidal- en la pared 7 del difusor de gases 3, además la guia 8 puede colocarse en el difusor de gases cuadrado 3 de la figura 8, tal y como se describe en la presente figura., la cavidad 5 conforme a la presente figura, para que produzca buenos resultados debe de ser muy angosta de al menos 2 itim entre la parred interior del tubo 2 y la pared exterior 7 del difusor de gases 3 y los gases de combustión deben de fluir a alta "velocidad de al menos 6 mts/seg a través de la cavidad 5 para que se transfiera una gran cantidad de calor a la pared interior del tubo 2. Las variables que permiten determinar la longitud que debe tener el presente recuperador de calor son: una ves mas, el ancho de la cavidad 5 y la velocidad de los gases de combustión pues, si posteriormente a un diseño determinado, se decide aumentar la velocidad de los gases de combustión a través de la cavidad 5, por medio de un incremento en la presión de descarga del soplador mecánico, o si se decide aumentar el ancho de la cavidad 5, como resultado se incnrementa la potencia del recuperador de calor y por lo tanto, se requiere aumentar la longitud del recuperador de calor y viceversa, porque sólo asi se alcanza a recuperar el calor que contienen los gases de combustión, por ejemplo, para aumentar el ancho de la cavidad 5 de la presente figura, solo tiene que cambiarse el difusor de gases 3 por otro que tenga un diámetro menor y se debe colocar una guia 8 con un ancho ±gual que la nueva cavidad 5 y viceversa., el presente difusor de gases 3 también requiere al menos dos soportes 10 como se ilustran y describen en las figuras 4 y 5.Figure 9 shows individually one more variant of the heat recuperator illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 and a smoke tube 2 is shown in section, which contains inside a gas diffuser 3 preferably removable in a cylindrical manner, the gas diffuser 3 is constituted by a single piece from end to end and has a constant diameter throughout its length, also contains a helical guide 8 which must , be placed over the entire length of the gas diffuser 3, which can be manufactured with steel sheet or with steel wire and must be fixed with any type of welding on the outer wall 7 of the gas diffuser 3, the guide 8 serves two functions First, radially center the diffuser of «gases 3 inside the tube 2 to achieve an axially uniform dome.d.5, replacing the guides 6 illustrated in Fig. 3, it also has the function of diverting the gases of combustion as indicated by arrow 9, whereby the combustion gases are mixed faster and in a shorter path than the gases moving in the axial direction as described in the figure. 3., according to the present figure, the helical guide 8 must complete at least one turn around the gas diffuser 3 so that a uniform cavity 5 is achieved along the entire length of the gas diffuser 3 and said guide. 8 can be constituted by a single piece or it can be constituted by a plurality of sections, which must be fixed helically- in the wall 7 of the gas diffuser 3, in addition the guide 8 can be placed in the square gas diffuser 3 of figure 8, as described in the present figure., the cavity 5 according to the present figure, to produce good results must be very narrow of at least 2 itim between the inner wall of the tube 2 and the wall outside 7 of the gas diffuser 3 and the flue gases must flow at a high speed of at least 6 meters / sec through the cavity 5 so that a large amount of heat is transferred to the inner wall of the tube 2. variables that allow to determine the length that the present heat recuperator must have are: once again, the width of the cavity 5 and the velocity of the flue gases because, if after a certain design, it is decided to increase the speed of the flue gases through the cavity 5, by means of an increase in the discharge pressure of the mechanical blower, or if it is decided to increase the width of the cavity 5, as a result the heat recuperator power is increased and therefore , is required increase the length of the heat recuperator and vice versa, because this is the only way to recover the heat contained in the combustion gases, for example, to increase the width of the cavity 5 of the present figure, only the gas diffuser has to be changed 3 on the other that has a smaller diameter and a guide 8 must be placed with a width ± equal to the new cavity 5 and vice versa., The present gas diffuser 3 also requires at least two supports 10 as illustrated and described in figures 4 and 5.
REALIZACIÓN PREFERIDA DE IA INVENCIÓNPREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
Acorde a lo ilustrado en la Figura 1, se proporciona como ejemplo un calentador de líquidos de tubos de humo de diseño vertical, el cual contiene en su interior cuatro recuperadores de calor constituidos por cuatro tubos 2 y cada tubo 2 contiene en su interior un difusor de gases 3 desmontable de forma cilindrica igual al que se muestra en las figuras 3 y 4, los tubos 2 tienen un diámetro interior de 100 mm y los difusores de gases 3 tienen un dLámetro exterior de 90 mm, lo cual da como resultado una calidad 5 con un ancho de 5 mm, la velocidad media de los gase s de combustión a través de las cavidades 5 es de 12 mts/secj y la potencia del calentador es de 60 kw, que equivale a 216000 kj/h. Ei soplador mecánico tiene una potencia de 15 W con una presión de descarga de 1.8 CM de columna de agua. Con el ancho que tienen las cuatro cavidades 5 del ejemplo y la velocidad media que alcanzan los gases de combustión a t ravés de dichas cavidades 5, los recuperadores de calor del presente ejemplo solo requieren una longitud de 700 mm para qu<e el calentador de líquidos alcance una eficiencia térmica del 93% respecto al poder calorífico inferior del gas combustible. La descripción de la presente invenc±ón tiene fines ilustrativos, no limitativos, pues modalidades adicionales se harán evidentes a la lectura de la presente cdescripción y de las reivindicaciones sin por ello apartarse del espíritu de la invención. According to what is illustrated in Figure 1, an example of a vertical-design smoke tube liquid heater is provided, which contains four heat recuperators inside consisting of four tubes 2 and each tube 2 contains a diffuser inside of gas 3 removable in a cylindrical shape equal to that shown in figures 3 and 4, the pipes 2 have an inner diameter of 100 mm and the gas diffusers 3 have an outer diameter of 90 mm, which results in quality 5 with a width of 5 mm, the average speed of the combustion gasses through the cavities 5 is 12 mts / secj and the heater power is 60 kw, which is equivalent to 216000 kj / h. The mechanical blower has a power of 15 W with a discharge pressure of 1.8 CM of water column. With the width of the four cavities 5 of the example and the average velocity of the combustion gases reached through said cavities 5, the heat recuperators of the present example only require a length of 700 mm for which the liquid heater reach a thermal efficiency of 93% with respect to the lower calorific value of the combustible gas. The description of the present invention has illustrative, non-limiting purposes, as additional modalities will become apparent upon reading this description and the claims without thereby departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Calentador de líquidos y caldera de vapor, de tubos de humo, de diseño vertical y de diseño horizontal ole retorno, que requiere indispensablemente un soplador mecánico para funcionar, el cual contiene en su interior una pluralidad de tubos de forma cilindrica para recuperar calo.ε:, caracterizado porque los tubos se convierten en recuperadores de calor porque cada tubo contiene en su interior un difusor de gases de forma cilindrica, que consta de una sola sección de extremo a extremo y tiene un diámetro constante en toda su longitud, además porque entre la pared interior del tubo y ILa pared exterior del difusor de gases, se forma una cavidad angosta de al menos 1 m de ancho por donde fluyen los gases de combustión, además porque los gases de combustión fluyen a alta velocidad de al menos 6 mts/seg a través de la cavidad angosta, además porque contiene una pluralidad de guias qi_αe tienen la misma longitud que el difusor de gases y están colocadas axialmente y equidistantes en la pared exterior del difusor de gases para centrarlo en el interior del tubo, además porque contiene una guia de forma helicoidal de urαa sola sección colocada en toda la longitud y alrededor del difusor de gases para centrarlo en el interior del tubo y para desviar los gases de combustión, además porque contieπie al menos dos soportes en el difusor de gases para sujetarl o verticalmente en el interior del tubo.1. Liquid heater and steam boiler, smoke pipes, vertical design and horizontal ole return design, which essentially requires a mechanical blower to operate, which contains inside a plurality of cylindrical tubes to recover heat .ε :, characterized in that the tubes become heat recuperators because each tube contains inside a cylindrical gas diffuser, which consists of a single section from end to end and has a constant diameter throughout its length, in addition because between the inner wall of the tube and the outer wall of the gas diffuser, a narrow cavity of at least 1 m wide is formed where the combustion gases flow, in addition because the combustion gases flow at high speed of at least 6 mts / sec through the narrow cavity, also because it contains a plurality of guides qi_αe have the same length as the gas diffuser and are placed axially and equidi Stants on the outer wall of the gas diffuser to center it inside the tube, also because it contains a single-section helical-shaped guide placed over the entire length and around the gas diffuser to center it inside the tube and to deflect combustion gases, also because it contains at least two supports in the gas diffuser to hold it or vertically inside the tube.
2. Calentador de liquidos y caldera de vapor de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque el difusor de gases tiene transversalmente una forma pentagonal, hexagonal, octagonal y cuadrada.2. Liquid heater and steam boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas diffuser has transversely a pentagonal, hexagonal, octagonal and square shape.
3. Calentador de liquidos y caldera de vapor de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque el difusor de gases es desmontable.3. Liquid heater and steam boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas diffuser is removable.
4. Calentador de liquidos y caldera de vapor de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque los tubos recuperadores de calor son tubulares cuadrados.4. Liquid heater and steam boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat recovery tubes are square tubular.
5. Calentador de liquidos y caldera de vapor de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque la guia helicoidal consta de una pluralidad de secciones.5. Liquid heater and steam boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the helical guide consists of a plurality of sections.
6. Calentador de liquidos y caldera de vapor de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque las guias de colocación axial son cortas respecto al difusor de gases y se colocan al menos cuatro en cada extremo y en la parte media, del difusor de gases. 6. Liquid heater and steam boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the axial positioning guides are short with respect to the gas diffuser and at least four are placed at each end and in the middle part of the gas diffuser.
7. Calentador de líquidos y caldera de vapor de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque la pluralidad de guías cortas respecto al difusor de gases y de colocación axial, se colocan desviadas en cualquier dirección respecto al eje axial del difusor de gases.7. Liquid heater and steam boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the plurality of short guides with respect to the gas diffuser and axial positioning are positioned offset in any direction with respect to the axial axis of the gas diffuser.
8. Calentador de líquidos y caldera de vapor de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque las guías de colocación axial y la guía de forma helicoidal son de lamina de acero.8. Liquid heater and steam boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the axial positioning guides and the helical guide are made of steel sheet.
9. Calentador de líquidos y caldera de vapor de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque las guías de colocación axial y la guía de forma helicoidal son de alambre de acero. 9. Liquid heater and steam boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the axial positioning guides and the helical guide are made of steel wire.
PCT/MX2004/000080 2004-10-28 2004-10-28 Liquid heater and steam boiler WO2006046846A1 (en)

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MX2007004613A MX2007004613A (en) 2004-10-28 2007-04-18 Liquid heater and steam boiler.

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