四行程内燃机的进、 排气*** 技术领域 Intake and exhaust system of four-stroke internal combustion engine
本发明是一种四行程内燃机的进、 排气***, 其是一种透过驱动装置, 使汽门杆随着进、 排气歧管上的栅门开闭, 而同时一起移动, 令进气时, 混 合油气或空气可迅速流入汽缸本体的燃烧室中,反之,排放燃烧后的废气时, 则可迅速将燃烧废气排出汽缸本体的燃烧室外, 提高进气或排气时的容积效 率, 进而提升输出功率。 背景技术 The invention relates to an intake and exhaust system of a four-stroke internal combustion engine, which is a driving device that causes the valve stem to open and close along with the gates on the intake and exhaust manifolds, and simultaneously moves together. When gas is gas, the mixed oil and gas or air can quickly flow into the combustion chamber of the cylinder body. Conversely, when the exhaust gas after combustion is discharged, the combustion exhaust gas can be quickly discharged out of the combustion chamber of the cylinder body, thereby improving the volumetric efficiency during intake or exhaust. In turn, the output power is increased. Background technique
请参照图 1所示, 其为一般公知往复活塞式内燃机, 该内燃机上设有一 汽缸本体 100, 该汽缸本体 100上设有一曲轴 110, 该曲轴 110在汽缸本体 100外一侧接设有动轮 120 , 而在汽缸本体 100外另一侧则接设有正时齿轮 130,该正时齿轮 130与另一正时齿轮 140互相啮合,且该曲轴 110上枢设有 一连杆 150, 该连杆 150另一端则与活塞 160相接, 以令藉由连杆 150使曲 轴 110的旋转运动转变成直线运动, 而使活塞 160作直线往返运动。 再者, 在汽缸本体 100中设有一偏心轴 170, 该偏心轴 170与曲轴 110平行, 且该 偏心轴 170—端凸伸出汽缸本体 100外与正时齿轮 140相接, 又, 该偏心轴 170 两端分别设有不同方向的凸轮 171 , 该凸轮 171上分别触接有一汽门杆 180, 该汽门杆 180另一端分别设有一汽门头 181 , 该汽门杆 180分別停留在 进、排气歧管 190、 200进入汽缸本体 100中的燃烧室 300的通道口 191、 201 上, 以作为进、 出气控制用, 且该汽门杆 180上分别套设有一弹簧 182 , 此 夕卜, 该汽缸本体 100顶端盖合有一汽缸本体盖 101 , 该汽缸本体盖 101上安 装有一火星塞 102。 Referring to FIG. 1 , it is a generally known reciprocating piston internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine is provided with a cylinder body 100 . The cylinder body 100 is provided with a crankshaft 110 . The crankshaft 110 is connected to the movable wheel 120 on the outer side of the cylinder body 100 . On the other side of the cylinder body 100, a timing gear 130 is coupled to the other timing gear 140. The crankshaft 110 is pivotally provided with a connecting rod 150. The connecting rod 150 is disposed on the crankshaft 110. The other end is connected to the piston 160 so that the rotational motion of the crankshaft 110 is converted into a linear motion by the link 150, and the piston 160 is linearly reciprocated. Furthermore, an eccentric shaft 170 is disposed in the cylinder body 100, and the eccentric shaft 170 is parallel to the crankshaft 110, and the eccentric shaft 170-end protrudes out of the cylinder body 100 to be in contact with the timing gear 140, and the eccentric shaft The two ends are respectively provided with cams 171 in different directions, and the cams 171 are respectively connected with a valve rod 180, and the other end of the valve rods 180 is respectively provided with a valve head 181, and the valve rods 180 respectively stay in, The exhaust manifolds 190, 200 enter the passage openings 191, 201 of the combustion chamber 300 in the cylinder body 100 for use as inlet and outlet control, and a spring 182 is sleeved on the valve stem 180, respectively. A cylinder body cover 101 is attached to the top end of the cylinder body 100, and a spark plug 102 is mounted on the cylinder body cover 101.
承上所述, 当进气时, 可藉由曲轴 110带动一侧正时齿轮 130转动, 而 带动另一正时齿轮 140转动,而使偏心轴 170亦随之转动,进而使偏心轴 170
上的凸轮 171随之翻转, 惟因该凸轮 171的方向不同, 故, 在进行进气动作 时,控制进气歧管 190的汽门杆 180会在配合的凸轮 171的拨动下向上移动, 使其上的汽门头 181 离开通道口 191 , 使混合油气可顺利流入汽缸本体 100 的燃烧室 300中, 而控制排气歧管 200的汽门杆 180的汽门头 181则阻塞在 排气歧管 200的通道口 201 , 使气不致排出, 反之, 排放燃烧后的废气时, 控制排气歧管 200的汽门杆 180向上移动,而在进气歧管 190上的汽门杆 180 的汽门头 181则阻塞在进气歧管 190的通道口 191上, 令燃烧后的废气仅会 向排气歧管 200流动并排出汽缸本体 100外。 As described above, when the air is inflated, the one-side timing gear 130 can be rotated by the crankshaft 110, and the other timing gear 140 can be rotated to rotate the eccentric shaft 170, thereby causing the eccentric shaft 170 to rotate. The upper cam 171 is reversed, but the direction of the cam 171 is different. Therefore, when the intake operation is performed, the valve lever 180 that controls the intake manifold 190 moves upward under the toggle of the engaged cam 171. The valve head 181 is disposed away from the passage port 191, so that the mixed oil and gas can smoothly flow into the combustion chamber 300 of the cylinder body 100, and the valve head 181 of the valve stem 180 that controls the exhaust manifold 200 is blocked in the exhaust. The passage port 201 of the manifold 200 prevents the gas from being discharged. Conversely, when the exhausted exhaust gas is discharged, the valve stem 180 of the exhaust manifold 200 is controlled to move upward, and the valve stem 180 on the intake manifold 190 is The valve head 181 is blocked on the passage port 191 of the intake manifold 190 so that the exhausted exhaust gas only flows to the exhaust manifold 200 and exits the cylinder body 100.
如此一来, 无论进气或排气时皆仅有一管道可流入或排出汽缸本体 100 的燃烧室 300中, 因此在进、 排气时的容积效率上较差, 相对造成输出功率 较弱。 In this way, only one pipe can flow into or out of the combustion chamber 300 of the cylinder body 100 during intake or exhaust, so that the volumetric efficiency during intake and exhaust is poor, and the output power is relatively weak.
有鉴于上述公知装置构造的各种缺点, 本发明人根据长期使用累积的经 验,并经长久努力研究与实验, 终于研制开发出本发明的四行程内燃机的进、 排气***。 发明内容 ' In view of the various shortcomings of the above-described known device construction, the inventors have finally developed the intake and exhaust systems of the four-stroke internal combustion engine of the present invention based on the accumulated experience of long-term use and long-term efforts and experiments. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明要解决技术问题是: 提供一种四行程内燃机的进、 排气***, 尤 其是一种在驱动装置的带动下汽门杆随着进、 排气歧管上的栅门开闭, 而同 时一起移动, 从而使进气时, 混合油气或空气可迅速流入汽缸本体的燃烧室 中, 反之, 排放燃烧后的废气时, 则可迅速将燃烧废气排出汽缸本体的燃烧 室外, 提高进气或排气时的容积效率, 进而可提升输出功率的四行程内燃机 的进、 排气***。 The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an intake and exhaust system of a four-stroke internal combustion engine, and more particularly, a valve stem that opens and closes with a gate on an intake and exhaust manifold by a driving device. At the same time, moving together, so that when the intake air, the mixed oil or air can quickly flow into the combustion chamber of the cylinder body. Conversely, when the exhaust gas is exhausted, the combustion exhaust gas can be quickly discharged out of the combustion chamber of the cylinder body to improve the intake air or The volumetric efficiency of the exhaust gas, which in turn increases the output of the four-stroke internal combustion engine intake and exhaust system.
为此, 本发明的一种四行程内燃机的进、 排气***, 其包括有: 一汽缸本体, 该汽缸本体中设有一燃烧室及曲轴, 且该曲轴透过一连杆 与一活塞区接; To this end, an intake and exhaust system of a four-stroke internal combustion engine of the present invention includes: a cylinder body having a combustion chamber and a crankshaft disposed therein, and the crankshaft is connected to a piston through a connecting rod ;
一进气歧管, 其与汽缸本体中燃烧室相连通, 该进气歧管上设有一栅门,
以控制混合油气或空气进入汽缸本体的燃烧室中; An intake manifold is connected to the combustion chamber in the cylinder body, and the intake manifold is provided with a gate. To control the mixing of oil and gas or air into the combustion chamber of the cylinder body;
一排气歧管, 其与汽缸本体的燃烧室及进气歧管相连通, 该排气歧管上 设有一栅门, 以控制燃烧后的废气的排出; An exhaust manifold is connected to the combustion chamber of the cylinder body and the intake manifold, and the exhaust manifold is provided with a gate to control the exhaust of the exhaust gas after combustion;
一个以上的汽门杆, 其位于进、 排气歧管交会处, 该汽门杆分别设有一 汽门头, 该汽门头恰可堵塞在汽缸本体中的燃烧室与进、 排气歧管相连通的 气道上, 且该汽门杆另一端则设有同向的凸轮, 以令该汽门杆可在凸轮带动 下同时作动, 而堵塞在气道上或离开气道。 More than one valve stem, located at the intersection of the intake and exhaust manifolds, the valve stems are respectively provided with a valve head, which can block the combustion chamber and the intake and exhaust manifolds in the cylinder body On the communicating air passage, the other end of the valve stem is provided with the same cam so that the valve stem can be actuated simultaneously by the cam to block on the air passage or leave the air passage.
本发明通过设置的一汽缸本体, 该汽缸本体上设有供活塞作直线运动的 燃烧室, 且该汽缸本体在燃烧室上方两侧上分别设有一进、排气歧管, 该进、 排气歧管在通往燃烧室的通道上分别设有一栅门, 以控制混合油气或空气的 进入或燃烧后的废气排出, 另外, 该进、 排气歧管交会处设有一个以上的穿 孔, 该穿孔与燃烧室上的气道相对, 以令汽门杆可分别由穿孔经气道, 而进 入燃烧室中, 且该汽门杆伸入燃烧室中的一端设有恰可将气道堵塞而呈紧闭 状态的汽门头, 且该汽门杆凸出汽缸本体外的另一端则设有同向的凸轮, 以 控制该汽门杆同时上、 下移动, 以令混合油气或空气进气时, 可藉由驱动装 置的带动, 使进气歧管上的栅门打开, 而使排气歧管上的栅门紧闭, 同时使 汽门杆上的凸轮同时将汽门杆向汽缸本体的燃烧室压靠, 使由进气歧管进来 的混合油气或空气可同时由气道迅速进入汽缸本体的燃烧室, 反之, 当排放 燃烧后的废气时,同时使汽门杆上的凸轮将汽门杆向汽缸本体的燃烧室压靠, 而将气道打开及排气歧管的栅门打开, 而可将燃烧后的废气迅速排除出去, 以提高进、 排气时的容积效率, 进而提升输出功率。 附图说明 The invention is provided with a cylinder body, wherein the cylinder body is provided with a combustion chamber for linear movement of the piston, and the cylinder body is respectively provided with an intake and exhaust manifold on both sides of the combustion chamber, the intake and exhaust The manifold is respectively provided with a gate on the passage to the combustion chamber to control the inflow of the mixed oil or gas or the exhausted after the combustion, and the inlet and the exhaust manifold are provided with more than one perforation. The perforation is opposite to the air passage on the combustion chamber, so that the valve stem can be respectively inserted into the combustion chamber through the air passage, and the end of the valve stem extending into the combustion chamber is configured to block the air passage. a valve head in a closed state, and the other end of the valve body protruding from the cylinder body is provided with a cam in the same direction to control the valve rod to move up and down at the same time, so as to mix air oil or air intake When the driving device is driven, the gate on the intake manifold is opened, and the gate on the exhaust manifold is closed, and the cam on the valve stem simultaneously pushes the valve stem toward the cylinder body. The combustion chamber is pressed against The mixed oil and gas or air entering the gas manifold can simultaneously enter the combustion chamber of the cylinder body by the air passage at the same time. Conversely, when the exhaust gas after combustion is discharged, the cam on the valve stem simultaneously pushes the valve stem to the combustion chamber of the cylinder body. By pressing, the air passage is opened and the gate of the exhaust manifold is opened, and the burned exhaust gas can be quickly eliminated to improve the volumetric efficiency during intake and exhaust, thereby increasing the output power. DRAWINGS
图 1为公知装置的示意图; Figure 1 is a schematic view of a known device;
图 2为本发明的断面示意图; Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention;
图 3为本发明进气时的动作示意图;
图 4为本发明压缩时的动作示意图; Figure 3 is a schematic view of the operation of the present invention when inhaling; Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the operation of the present invention during compression;
图 5为本发明作动时的动作示意图; Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the operation of the present invention when it is activated;
图 6为本发明排气时的动作示意图。 Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the operation of the present invention when exhausting.
附图标号说明: Description of the reference numerals:
10、 汽缸本体 11、 连^ ' 12、 燃烧室 121、 气道10, cylinder body 11, connected ^ ' 12, combustion chamber 121, air passage
13、 进气歧管 131、 141、 栅门 14、 排气歧管 15、 穿孔 16、 汽门杆 161、 汽门头 162、 凸轮轴 163、 弹簧13. Intake manifolds 131, 141, gates 14, exhaust manifolds 15, perforations 16, valve stems 161, valve heads 162, camshafts 163, springs
164、 凸轮 20、 曲轴 21、 飞轮 30、 活塞164, cam 20, crankshaft 21, flywheel 30, piston
40、 火星塞 具体实施方式 40, Mars plug concrete implementation
为对本发明能有更进一步的认识与了解,兹举一最佳实例,并配合附图对 本发明的构造装置及其功效详述如下: In order to further understand and understand the present invention, a preferred embodiment, together with the accompanying drawings, details the construction device of the present invention and its effects as follows:
本发明提出的一种四行程内燃机的进、 排气***, 在本实施例中是以汽 油的往复活塞式内燃机为例, 请参照图 2所示, 其设有一个或一个以上的汽 缸本体 10, 于本实施 为一个, 该汽缸本体 10上设有曲轴 20, 该曲轴 20 伸出汽缸本体 10外的一端与一动轮连接, 另一端则与一齿轮枢接 (请参照图 1 所示, 因驱动方式与公知装置相同, 且非为本发明创作重点, 故在此不另 赘述。 ), 且该曲轴 20上设有一呈斧状的飞轮 21 , 该飞轮 21可随曲轴 20的 转动而在汽缸本体 10内作往复圆周式的摆动。 The intake and exhaust system of a four-stroke internal combustion engine proposed by the present invention is an example of a gasoline reciprocating piston internal combustion engine. Referring to FIG. 2, one or more cylinder bodies 10 are provided. In the present embodiment, the cylinder body 10 is provided with a crankshaft 20, and one end of the crankshaft 20 extending from the outside of the cylinder body 10 is connected to a moving wheel, and the other end is pivotally connected with a gear (please refer to FIG. The driving method is the same as the known device, and is not the focus of the invention, so it will not be described here. The crankshaft 20 is provided with an axe-shaped flywheel 21, which can be in the cylinder with the rotation of the crankshaft 20. The body 10 has a reciprocating circumferential swing.
另, 该飞轮 21在逐渐向内 合的一端枢接有一连杆 11 , 该连杆 11另一 端枢接有一活塞 30 , 该活塞 30恰于汽缸本体 10向上延伸的燃烧室 12中, 以令该活塞 30可藉由燃烧室 12的限制, 及在连杆 11带动下, 在燃烧室 12 中作直线往返运动, 且该燃烧室 12顶端上设有一火星塞 40 (于本实施例为 使用汽油的内燃机, 但为柴油内燃机时为喷油嘴), 而该燃烧室 12在该火星 塞 40两侧分別设有气道 121。
该汽缸本体 10在燃烧室 12上方两侧上分别设有一进、排气歧管 13、 14 , 该进、排气歧管 13、 14在通往燃烧室 12的通道上分别设有一栅门 131、 141, 该栅门 131、 141分别藉由连动件与曲轴 20上的齿轮连接, 而在作动时作相 反的动作, 以控制混合油气、空气进入或将燃烧后的废气排出燃烧室 12。另, 该进、 排气歧管 13、 14交会处设有一个以上的穿孔 15 , 该穿孔 15与燃烧室 12上的气道 121相对, 以令汽门杆 16可分别由穿孔 15经气道 121 , 而进入 燃烧室 12中,且该汽门杆 16伸入燃烧室 12中的一端分别设有一汽门头 161 , 该汽门头 161恰可将气道 121堵塞使其呈紧闭状态,且该汽门杆 16凸出汽紅 本体 10外的另一端则分别设有凸轮轴 162及套接一弹簧 163 , 该凸轮轴 162 上分别设有同向的凸轮 164 , 且该凸轮 164并与一连动杆触接, 该连杆并与 一齿轮相接,该齿轮并藉由链条与在曲轴 20上的齿轮套接(图中未示), 以令 可藉由链条的带动,使凸轮 164在连动杆拨动下与曲轴 20同时作动, 以控制 该汽门杆 16同时上、 下移动。 In addition, the flywheel 21 is pivotally connected to a connecting rod 11 at a gradually inwardly engaging end, and the other end of the connecting rod 11 is pivotally connected with a piston 30, which is in the combustion chamber 12 extending upward from the cylinder body 10 to The piston 30 can be linearly reciprocated in the combustion chamber 12 by the limitation of the combustion chamber 12 and driven by the connecting rod 11, and a spark plug 40 is disposed on the top end of the combustion chamber 12 (in this embodiment, gasoline is used). The internal combustion engine, but in the case of a diesel internal combustion engine, is an injector, and the combustion chamber 12 is provided with air passages 121 on both sides of the spark plug 40, respectively. The cylinder body 10 is respectively provided with an intake and exhaust manifold 13 and 14 on both sides of the combustion chamber 12, and the inlet and exhaust manifolds 13 and 14 are respectively provided with a gate 131 on the passage to the combustion chamber 12. And 141, the gates 131 and 141 are respectively connected to the gears on the crankshaft 20 by the linkage member, and are oppositely operated during the operation to control the mixing of the oil and gas, the air to enter or the exhausted exhaust gas to be exhausted from the combustion chamber 12 . In addition, the inlet and exhaust manifolds 13, 14 are provided with more than one perforation 15 opposite to the air passage 121 on the combustion chamber 12, so that the valve stem 16 can be perforated 15 through the air passage respectively. 121, and entering the combustion chamber 12, and one end of the valve stem 16 extending into the combustion chamber 12 is respectively provided with a valve head 161, which can block the air passage 121 to be in a closed state. And the other end of the valve stem 16 protruding from the steam red body 10 is respectively provided with a cam shaft 162 and a sleeve 163. The cam shaft 162 is respectively provided with the same cam 164, and the cam 164 is combined with When a moving rod is touched, the connecting rod is connected to a gear, and the gear is sleeved with a gear on the crankshaft 20 (not shown) to enable the cam to be driven by the chain. The 164 is actuated simultaneously with the crankshaft 20 under the linkage lever to control the valve stem 16 to move up and down at the same time.
请参照图 3所示, 当进气时, 活塞 30会在曲轴 20带动下, 由燃烧室 12 顶点向下作直线移动, 而进气歧管 13上的栅门 131会完全打开, 而排气歧管 14上的栅门 141则会呈紧闭状态, 同时, 凸轮 164会在连动杆拨动下, 将汽 门杆 16向汽缸本体 10中的燃烧室 12方向压靠, 使汽门杆 16原本阻塞在气 道 121上汽门头 161离开气道 121 , 以使由进气歧管 13进来的混合油气或空 气可由栅门 131经气道 121进入汽缸本体 10的燃烧室 12中。 Referring to FIG. 3, when inflating, the piston 30 will be linearly moved downward from the apex of the combustion chamber 12 by the crankshaft 20, and the gate 131 on the intake manifold 13 will be fully opened and exhausted. The gate 141 on the manifold 14 is in a closed state. At the same time, the cam 164 presses the valve stem 16 toward the combustion chamber 12 in the cylinder body 10 under the linkage lever to make the valve stem The valve head 161, which originally blocked the air passage 121, exits the air passage 121 so that the mixed oil or gas coming in from the intake manifold 13 can enter the combustion chamber 12 of the cylinder body 10 through the air passage 121 through the gate 131.
接下来, 请参照图 4所示, 当内燃机进行压缩时, 曲轴 20会带动活塞 30由下往上运动, 对进入燃烧室 12中的混合油气进行压缩, 进、 排气歧管 13、 14上的栅门 131、 141会全部紧闭, 而汽门杆 16上的汽门头 161亦会全 部堵塞在气道 121上, 使混合油气不致排出燃烧室 12。 Next, referring to FIG. 4, when the internal combustion engine is compressed, the crankshaft 20 will move the piston 30 from bottom to top to compress the mixed oil and gas entering the combustion chamber 12, on the intake and exhaust manifolds 13, 14. The gates 131, 141 are all closed, and the valve head 161 on the valve stem 16 is also completely blocked on the air passage 121 so that the mixed oil and gas does not exit the combustion chamber 12.
再接下来, 请参照图 5所示, 当活塞 30将混合油气压缩至一定程度时, 火星塞 40即会点燃在燃烧室 12中的混合油气, 使混合油气燃烧产生动力, 而将活塞 30向下压靠, 接下来, 将排气歧管 14上的栅门 141打开的动作。
最后, 请参照图 6所示, 排'放燃烧后的废气时, 活塞 30会再度由下往上 进行排气, 同时, 汽门杆 16已向下移动, 使汽门头 161离开气道 121 , 以使 燃烧后的燃烧后的废气可由气道 121流向排气歧管 14, 因进气歧管 13的栅 门 131呈关闭状态, 所以, 燃烧后的废气会流向栅门 141已呈打开状态的排 气歧管 14 , 并排除出去, 如此, 不断重复上述的动作, 即可使内燃机不断运 转而产生动力, 且可提高内燃机的容积效率, 进而提升输出功率。 Next, referring to FIG. 5, when the piston 30 compresses the mixed oil and gas to a certain extent, the spark plug 40 will ignite the mixed oil and gas in the combustion chamber 12, causing the mixed oil and gas to burn to generate power, and the piston 30 is directed to Pressing down, next, the action of opening the gate 141 on the exhaust manifold 14 is performed. Finally, referring to FIG. 6, when the exhaust gas is discharged, the piston 30 is again exhausted from bottom to top, and at the same time, the valve stem 16 has moved downward to cause the valve head 161 to leave the air passage 121. So that the burned exhaust gas after combustion can flow from the air passage 121 to the exhaust manifold 14, because the gate 131 of the intake manifold 13 is in a closed state, so that the burned exhaust gas flows to the gate 141 has been opened. The exhaust manifold 14 is exhausted, and thus, the above-described actions are continuously repeated, so that the internal combustion engine can be continuously operated to generate power, and the volumetric efficiency of the internal combustion engine can be improved, thereby increasing the output power.
. 综合以上所述,本发明确实能具有增进原品使用功效的进步性及实用性; 又本发明所述构造及其特征于本发明提出申请未有相同的构造或装置, 公开 使用或见于刊物, 而具创作的新颖性申请, 爰依专利法的规定向钧局提出发 明专利的申请,并恳请早日赐准本案专利, 实感德便。 In summary, the present invention can indeed have the advancement and practicability of improving the use efficiency of the original product; and the configuration and features of the present invention are not disclosed in the present application, and are disclosed or used in the publication. With the application for novelty of creation, the application for invention patent is filed with the bureau in accordance with the provisions of the Patent Law, and I am kindly requested to grant the patent in this case as soon as possible.
本发明上述实例, 仅用以例举说明本发明的可行实施例而已,'对熟悉该 项技艺的人士, 当可对其细部形状进行各种等效的变化例, 惟其均应包括本 发明的精神及范围内。
The above examples of the present invention are merely illustrative of possible embodiments of the present invention. 'For those skilled in the art, various equivalent variations can be made to the details of the details, but they should all include the present invention. Spirit and scope.