WO2006025163A1 - Poly(imide/azomethine) copolymer, poly(amic acid/ azomethine) copolymer and positive type photosensitive resin compositions - Google Patents

Poly(imide/azomethine) copolymer, poly(amic acid/ azomethine) copolymer and positive type photosensitive resin compositions Download PDF

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WO2006025163A1
WO2006025163A1 PCT/JP2005/013704 JP2005013704W WO2006025163A1 WO 2006025163 A1 WO2006025163 A1 WO 2006025163A1 JP 2005013704 W JP2005013704 W JP 2005013704W WO 2006025163 A1 WO2006025163 A1 WO 2006025163A1
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azomethine
formula
poly
copolymer
imide
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PCT/JP2005/013704
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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Masatoshi Hasegawa
Junichi Ishii
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Sony Chemical & Information Device Corporation
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Priority to CN2005800373468A priority Critical patent/CN101048442B/en
Priority to US11/660,496 priority patent/US7635551B2/en
Publication of WO2006025163A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006025163A1/en

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03FPHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/004Photosensitive materials
    • G03F7/022Quinonediazides
    • G03F7/023Macromolecular quinonediazides; Macromolecular additives, e.g. binders
    • G03F7/0233Macromolecular quinonediazides; Macromolecular additives, e.g. binders characterised by the polymeric binders or the macromolecular additives other than the macromolecular quinonediazides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/10Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/10Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C08G73/1003Preparatory processes
    • C08G73/1007Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03FPHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/004Photosensitive materials
    • G03F7/022Quinonediazides
    • G03F7/023Macromolecular quinonediazides; Macromolecular additives, e.g. binders
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03FPHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/004Photosensitive materials
    • G03F7/027Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
    • G03F7/032Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders
    • G03F7/037Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders the binders being polyamides or polyimides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a useful poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer having a relatively low thermal expansion coefficient, a relatively high glass transition temperature, and good toughness, a method for producing the same, and a poly- mer that is a precursor polymer thereof.
  • the present invention relates to a fine pattern manufacturing method.
  • insulating materials have low dielectric constant, low thermal expansion, high transparency, and high frequency characteristics (low (Dielectric loss tangent), low water absorption, high dimensional stability, adhesiveness, workability, etc. are also required, but polyimide currently used as an insulating material for electronic devices is such a requirement. The characteristics are not always satisfied sufficiently. For this reason, research and development on heat-resistant polymers other than polyimide, and composite polyimides in which other polymers and polyimides are combined and subjected to molecular modification are being actively conducted.
  • polyimide In general, the high heat resistance of polyimide is based on intramolecular rotation constrained by a rigid main chain skeleton. Polyazomethine produced by polycondensation with is expected as a new heat-resistant insulating material.
  • polyazomethine is low in the initial stage of polycondensation due to its rigid structure. Since it precipitates in the polymerization system in the degree of polymerization, polyazomethine with a high degree of polymerization is difficult to obtain (see Non-Patent Document 1). When the degree of polymerization of polyazomethine is low, the polymer chains are not entangled with each other, and as a result, the cast film is cracked. For this reason, there are almost no reports on the membrane properties of polyazomethine!
  • the linear thermal expansion coefficient of general polyimide is in the range of 50-9 OppmZK, which is much higher than the linear thermal expansion coefficient of 17 ppmZK of metal substrates, for example, copper. . Therefore, studies have been conducted to make the thermal expansion coefficient of polyimide a value close to the linear thermal expansion coefficient of copper, for example, about 20 ppmZK or less (see Non-Patent Document 3). It is reported that the general requirement for ⁇ is that the main chain structure is linear and that the force is constrained by internal rotation and is rigid.
  • the most widely known low thermal expansion polyimide material is a polyimide that also forms 3,3 ', 4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and para-phenylenediamine. .
  • This polyimide film is known to exhibit a very low thermal expansion coefficient of 5 to: LOppmZK depending on the film thickness and production conditions (see Non-Patent Document 4).
  • polyimide precursor for alkali development is increasing compared to a negative type in which development is performed with an organic solvent.
  • the polyimide precursor (polyamic acid) is originally insoluble in alkali. Dispersing a diazonaphthoquinone photosensitizer as a dissolution inhibitor in a polyamic acid film makes it insoluble in alkali.
  • Another important point in addition to controlling the solubility of the polyamic acid is the transparency of the polyamic acid film.
  • i-line 365 nm
  • mercury lamp if the transmittance of the film at this wavelength is not sufficiently high, the irradiation light is shielded by the polyamic acid itself and it is difficult for the light to reach the photosensitive agent. In extreme cases, the photoreaction of the photosensitizer is hindered and pattern formation becomes impossible.
  • the cured polyimide film exhibits well-balanced properties with low thermal expansion, low dielectric constant, and high glass transition temperature (see Non-Patent Document 6 and Non-Patent Document 7).
  • this polyimide precursor since the solubility in an alkaline aqueous solution is too high, it is difficult to form an optical pattern using it, and therefore it is required to be able to form an optical pattern practically. .
  • Non-Patent Document 1 Organic Chemical Synthesis, 41 ⁇ , 1983, p. 972-984
  • Non-Patent Document 2 Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 195 ⁇ , 1994, p. 1877—1889
  • Non-Patent Document 3 Polymer, 28 ⁇ , 1987, p. 2282-2288
  • Non-Patent Document 4 Macromolecules, 29 ⁇ , 1996, p. 7897—
  • Non-Patent Document 5 Proceedings of the Society of Polymer Science, Japan, 52 ⁇ , 1996, No. 6, p. 1295
  • Non-Patent Document 6 High Performance Polymers, 13 ⁇ , 2
  • Non-Patent Document 7 High Performance Polymers, 15 ⁇ , 2
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 64-79233
  • Patent Document 2 JP-A-2-42372
  • Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-161136
  • the present invention relates to a poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer having a low linear thermal expansion coefficient, a method for producing the same, a poly (amide acid-azomethine) copolymer that is a precursor thereof, and a copolymer thereof.
  • a positive photosensitive resin composition comprising a light-sensitive agent, and the positive photosensitive resin composition
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a fine pattern of a ri (imido-azomethine) copolymer.
  • the present inventors have found that the above-mentioned object can be achieved by introducing an intramolecular cyclization reaction site, that is, an amic acid residue, into polyazomethine, and completed the present invention.
  • the present invention relates to an azomethine polymer unit of formula (1) and an imide polymer unit of formula (2).
  • a and D are each a divalent aromatic group or an aliphatic group, and B is a tetravalent aromatic group or an aliphatic group.
  • poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer that also has strength.
  • the present invention also provides a production method for obtaining the above-mentioned poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer.
  • a and D are each a divalent aromatic group or an aliphatic group, and B is a tetravalent aromatic group or Represents an aliphatic group.
  • a and D are each a divalent aromatic group or an aliphatic group, and B is a tetravalent aromatic group or an aliphatic group.
  • a poly (amido-azomethine) copolymer is formed, and the resulting poly (amido-azomethine) copolymer is imidized to give a poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer.
  • a production method is provided.
  • the present invention also relates to a precursor polymer of the poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer described above, an azomethine polymer unit of formula (1) and an amic acid polymer unit of formula (3).
  • a and D are each a divalent aromatic group or an aliphatic group, and B is a tetravalent aromatic group or an aliphatic group.
  • a powerful poly (amidic acid-azomethine) copolymer is provided.
  • the present invention also provides a positive photosensitive resin composition containing the above-mentioned poly (amidate-azomethine) copolymer and a diazonaphthoquinone photosensitizer.
  • the positive photosensitive resin composition is formed into a film, and the obtained positive photosensitive resin composition thin film is subjected to a pattern exposure process and then an alkali development process. Furthermore, the present invention provides a fine pattern manufacturing method for obtaining a fine pattern of a poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer by further performing a polyimide treatment.
  • the poly (imido-azomethine) copolymer of the present invention is a poly (amido-azomethine) copolymer which is a polyimide precursor in which an amic acid residue is introduced as an intramolecular cyclization reaction site. It was obtained by imidizing the polymer. Therefore, the poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer of the present invention has a low thermal expansion.
  • a resin composition composed of a poly (amic acid-azomethine) copolymer and a photosensitizer exhibits a photosensitivity capable of pattern exposure and a positive photosensitive resin capable of alkaline development. It becomes a composition.
  • FIG. 1 is an IR chart of the poly (amidate-azomethine) polymer of Experiment la.
  • FIG. 2 is an IR chart of a poly (imide-azomethine) polymer obtained by imidizing the poly (amido-azomethine) polymer of Experiment la.
  • the poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer of the present invention also has the azomethine polymer unit of formula (1) and the imide polymer unit force of formula (2).
  • This copolymer only shows good heat resistance.
  • the low thermal expansion of less than 30ppmZK, low dielectric constant, high glass transition temperature of 250 ° C or higher and balance show physical properties, and since there is an amic acid residue in the molecule before imidation, A compound in which a diazonaphthoquinone photosensitizer is blended with a precursor before imidation becomes a positive photosensitive resin composition, and thus an optical pattern can be formed.
  • the molar fraction of the azomethine polymerized unit of formula (1) and the imide polymerized unit of formula (2) constituting the poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer of the present invention is too small compared to the other For example, if there are too few imide residues, low thermal expansion characteristics cannot be obtained, and if there are too few azomethine residues, a positive light pattern cannot be formed.
  • the molar fraction of formula (2) is 1-X
  • X is preferably in the range of 0.05-0.95, more preferably in the range of 0.1-0.9.
  • substituent A and the substituent D in the azomethine polymer unit of the formula (1) and the imide polymer unit of the formula (2) each represent a divalent aromatic group or aliphatic group
  • Substituent B represents a tetravalent aromatic group or an aliphatic group.
  • the divalent aromatic group or aliphatic group of the substituent A is a residue derived from a fluorine-containing diamine, specifically, excluding two amino groups of the fluorine-containing diamine. It is a residue.
  • Particularly preferred substituent A includes a residue derived from 2,2, -bis (trifluoromethyl) benzidine of the above formula (d), which is a fluorine-containing diamine.
  • a residue derived from the flexible fluorine-containing diamine of formula (e) or formula (f) may be used in combination with the residue derived from diamine of formula (d).
  • the divalent aromatic group or aliphatic group of the substituent A in addition to the above-mentioned residues derived from fluorine-containing diamines, the polymerization reactivity of a poly (amidate-azomethine) copolymer is used. Examples of the residues derived from aromatic diamines and aliphatic diamines are shown below as long as the required properties of the poly (imido-azomethine) copolymer film are not significantly impaired.
  • Residues derived from the aromatic diamine of the substituent A include p-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, 2,4-diaminotoluene, 2,5-diaminotoluene, 2,4-diaminoxy 2,4 diaminodurene, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-methylenebis (2-methylaline), 4,4'-methylenebis (2 ethylaline), 4,4'-methylenebis (2,6 Dimethylaline), 4, 4, -Methylenebis (2,6 Jetylaline), 4,4, -diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,3'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 2 , 4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4, 4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 3, 3, 1-diaminodip
  • Residues derived from the aliphatic diamine of substituent A include trans 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, cis 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, 1,4-diaminocyclohexane (trans / cis mixture), 1,3 diaminocyclohexane.
  • decane 1, 3 diaminoadamantane, 4, 4'-methylene bis (cyclohexylamine), 4, 4, monomethylene bis (2 —Methylcyclohexylamine), 4,4,1-methylenebis (2-ethylcyclohexylamine), 4,4′-methylenebis (2,6 dimethylcyclohexylamine), 4,4′-methylenebis 2, 6 Jetylcyclohexylamine), 2, 2-bis (4-aminocyclohexyl) propane, 2,2bis (4-aminocyclohexyl) hexafluoropropane, 1, 3 propanediamine, 1, 4 -Tetramethylenediamine, 1,5 pentamethylenediamine, 1,6 hexamethylenediamine, 1,7 heptamethylenediamine, 1,8-otatamethylenediamine, 1,9 Examples include residues derived from namethylene diamine and the like.
  • the tetravalent aromatic group or aliphatic group of the substituent B is a residue derived from tetracarboxylic dianhydride, specifically, four carboxylic acids of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride. It is a residue excluding the syl group.
  • Particularly preferred substituent B is pyromellitic dianhydride, 3, 3 ′, because it can impart a low linear thermal expansion coefficient, a high glass transition temperature and sufficient toughness to the poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer. , 4, 4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, or residues derived from 1, 2, 3, 4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride. These residues can be used in combination.
  • the tetravalent dianhydride of the substituent B includes 3, 3 ', 4, 4, monobenzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3, 3', 4, 4, Ruether tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3, 3 ', 4, 4'-biphenyl sulfone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2, 2'-bis (3, 4-dicarboxyl) hexafluoropropane Examples include acid dianhydride, 2,2, -bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) propanoic acid dianhydride, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more as copolymerization components.
  • the divalent aromatic group or aliphatic group of the substituent D is a residue derived from a dialdehyde. Specifically, it is a residue obtained by removing two aldehyde groups of the dialdehyde. Particularly preferably, the substituent D is a residue derived from terephthalaldehyde.
  • divalent aromatic group of the substituent D in addition to the residue derived from terephthalaldehyde described above, a residual group derived from other dialdehydes as long as the required properties are not significantly impaired. Can be used in combination. Although not particularly limited, isophthalaldehyde, 4,4'-diphenyl ether dialdehyde, 4,4, -diphenylmethane dialdehyde, 4,4, -diphenylsulfone dialdehyde, 1,5-naphthalenedialdehyde, 2, Examples include residues derived from 6-naphthalenedialdehyde and the like.
  • Examples of the divalent aliphatic group of the substituent D include various residues derived from an aliphatic dialdehyde.
  • some of the aliphatic dialdehydes are 1,6-hexanedia
  • alicyclic dialdehydes are also included.
  • Preferred divalent aliphatic groups for substituent D include cyclohexane-1,2-dialdehyde, cyclohexane-1,3 dialdehyde, cyclohexane-1,4-dialdehyde, cyclooctane 1,2 dialdehyde. Aldehydes, cyclooctane 1,5 dialdehyde, etc.
  • an aliphatic dihalide having a ring structure is selected as a starting material, and the corresponding halide is converted into a magnesium compound (Grignard reagent) or lithium compound, and then subjected to appropriate formylation.
  • a starting material may be allowed to act.
  • cyclohexane 1,4-dialdehyde can be synthesized by the following route.
  • regioisomers cis / trans-1,2-dibuguchimocyclohexane and cisZtrans1,3 dibumouth mocyclohexane.
  • aliphatic dihalides having a ring structure with other members can also be used. Even when cisZtrans— 1,5 dib-mouthed mocyclooctane, which is an aliphatic 8-membered ring, is used, it can be synthesized by the following route.
  • regioisomers such as cisZtrans-1, 2-dibu-mouthed mocyclooctane can be selected (reference: G. Boss and H. Gerlach, Chem. Ber., 1989, 1199 .; ).
  • the poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer of the present invention described above can be produced by the following production methods (I) and (v).
  • Step (I) First, the diamine of the formula (a), the acid dianhydride formula of the formula (b), and the dialdehyde of the formula (c) are mixed and polymerized to obtain an azomethine polymer unit of the formula (1). And a poly (amido acid-azomethine) copolymer having the amic acid polymer unit strength of formula (3).
  • the substituents A, B, and D in formula (a), formula (b), formula (c), and formula (3) are as described in formula (1) and formula (2). Accordingly, the diamine of the formula (a) is obtained by bonding two amino groups to the substituent A in the above formula (1), and the acid dianhydride of the formula (b) is represented by the above formula (2).
  • a diamine of the formula (a) such as 2,2,1bis (trifluoromethyl) benzidine is dissolved in a solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and the resulting solution is pyromeritized.
  • a solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
  • the acid dianhydride formula (b) such as acid dianhydride
  • the dialdehyde of formula (3) such as terephthalaldehyde powder is gradually added, and polymerization is carried out preferably by stirring for several hours to several days at room temperature.
  • a uniform and viscous poly (amic acid-azomethine) copolymer solution is obtained.
  • the intrinsic viscosity of the poly (amidic acid-azomethine) copolymer is preferably 0. IdLZg or more from the viewpoint of film toughness (measurement condition: N-methyl-2-poly (amidic acid-azomethine)) for pyrrolidone solution (0.5 wt 0/0), measured at 30 ° C using a Osutowarudo viscometer).
  • the obtained poly (amidate-azomethine) copolymer solution may be directly added to the next step (II), and may contain a photosensitizer as described later. It may be used as a thing.
  • a poly (amide acid-azomethine) copolymer is obtained by polymerization in a toxic or non-volatile solvent such as m-taresol, the polymerization solution is appropriately diluted, and then methanol, jetyl ether, toluene, etc.
  • the poly (amidate-azomethine) copolymer is precipitated as a powder, washed, dried, then re-dissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, etc., and charged into the step (ii) described below. May be.
  • the total amount of the acid dianhydride of the formula (b) and the dialdehyde of the formula (c) is equimolar with respect to the total amount of diamine of the formula (a).
  • Polymerization is carried out at Here, by adjusting these mole ratios, the molar fraction of the azomethine polymerized units of the formula (1) in the poly (amidate-azomethine) copolymer is X, and the amic acid polymerized units of the formula (3)
  • the mole fraction of X can be adjusted to the range of 0.05-0.95.
  • the total addition amount (monomer) concentration of (a) diamine, acid dianhydride of formula (b) and dialdehyde of formula (c) in the polymerization solution is higher as the polymerization degree is higher. If the amount is too high, the polymer precipitates easily, so it is usually 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 40% by weight.
  • Preferable solvents that can be used in this step include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, m-taresole, N, N dimethylacetamide, and the like. , N, N dimethylformamide, hexamethylphosphoramide, dimethyl sulfoxide, ⁇ -butyrolatathone, 1,3 dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane bis (2-methoxyethyl) ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1, 4 Protic solvents such as dioxane, picoline, pyridine, acetone, black mouth form, toluene, xylene, etc., phenol, ⁇ cresol, ⁇ cresol, ⁇ black mouth phenol, m — black mouth phenol, p black mouth phenol, etc. A solvent can be used. These solvents can be used alone or in combination.
  • the resulting poly (amidic acid-azomethine) copolymer is subjected to an imidization process according to a known imidi method. Thereby, a poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer can be obtained.
  • an organic solvent solution of a poly (amide acid-azomethine) copolymer is formed into a film using a conventional coating apparatus such as a spin coater, and the resulting poly (amide acid-azomethine) copolymer is formed.
  • the polymer thin film is heat-treated at a temperature of 200 ° C. to 430 ° C., preferably 250 ° C. to 400 ° C. in air, in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen, or in vacuum, or pyridine or triethyl.
  • a poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer thin film is obtained by imidation in acetic anhydride containing a basic catalyst such as luamine, preferably by immersion in room temperature for 1 minute to several hours.
  • a basic catalyst such as luamine
  • an acid stabilizer, a terminal blocking agent, a filler, a silane coupling agent, a photosensitizer, a photopolymerization initiator, and a sensitizer are added as necessary. You can mix additives such as.
  • This positive photosensitive resin composition contains the poly (amic acid-azomethine) copolymer obtained in step (I) and a diazonaphthoquinone photosensitizer.
  • This poly (amidate-azomethine) copolymer which is a polyimide precursor, was originally formed with a diazonaphthoquinone-based photosensitizer dispersed in a diazonaphthoquinone-based polymer.
  • the photosensitizer acts as a dissolution inhibitor and the film itself becomes alkali-insoluble.
  • this film when this film is irradiated with ultraviolet rays through a photomask, the diazonaphthoquinone photosensitizer in the exposed area is changed to alkali-soluble indenecarboxylic acid by photoreaction, so that only the exposed area can be converted into an alkaline aqueous solution. It becomes melted. Therefore, a positive pattern can be formed.
  • diazonaphthoquinone photosensitizers include low molecular weight hydroxy compounds of 1,2 naphthoquinone 2 diazido 5-sulfonic acid, 1,2 naphthoquinone-2 diazido 4-sulfonic acid, such as 2, 3 , 4 trihydroxybenzophenone, 1,3,5 trihydroxybenzene, 2 or 4-methylphenol, ester of 4,4'-hydroxypropane, and the like.
  • the blending ratio of the diazonaphthoquinone photosensitizer in the positive photosensitive resin composition is too small, the difference in solubility between the exposed area and the unexposed area becomes small.
  • the amount is too large, the film properties (toughness, linear thermal expansion coefficient, glass transition temperature, heat resistance, etc.) of poly (imide-azomethine) may be adversely affected. Since there is a tendency to cause a serious problem such that the film thickness of the polymer is large, it is preferably 10 to 40%, more preferably 20 to 30% by weight based on the poly (amidate-azomethine) copolymer.
  • the positive photosensitive resin composition may contain an organic solvent that can be used in the step (I) described above, if necessary.
  • This positive photosensitive resin composition is dissolved by adding a diazonaphthoquinone photosensitizer to the organic solvent solution of the poly (amic acid-azomethine) copolymer obtained in step (I). Can be manufactured.
  • a positive photosensitive resin composition is formed. Specifically, positives diluted with solvents The photosensitive resin composition is applied onto a substrate such as copper, silicon or glass using a spin coater or bar coater, and light-shielded at 40 to 40 ° F for 0.1 to 3 hours at LOO ° C. As a result, a photosensitive poly (amic acid-azomethine) copolymer film having a thickness of 1 to 5 ⁇ m is formed. Here, this film formation is preferably performed at 100 ° C. or less. Above this temperature, the diazonaphthoquinone photosensitizer may start to thermally decompose.
  • this copolymer film In order to remove the residual solvent contained in this copolymer film, it may be pre-baked at 80-: LOO ° C for 1-30 minutes, but the coating is immersed in water for 1-5 minutes. It is also effective to do. Residual solvent may cause the pattern to collapse when the film swells during development, and it is preferable to remove it sufficiently to obtain a clear pattern.
  • the obtained photosensitive poly (amidate-azomethine) copolymer film is subjected to pattern exposure treatment, followed by alkali development treatment, and further polyimide treatment to obtain poly
  • a fine pattern of (imido-azomethine) copolymer can be obtained.
  • the photosensitive poly (amidate-azomethine) copolymer film was irradiated with i-line of a high-pressure mercury lamp at room temperature for 10 seconds to 1 hour through a photomask.
  • a photomask preferably tetramethylammonium of 0.1 to 5 weight 0/0 - can get a clear positive pattern by room temperature developed 10 seconds to 10 minutes, rinsed further with pure water using Umuhidorokishido solution
  • the fine pattern of the poly (amic acid-azomethine) copolymer formed on the substrate is 200 ° C. to 430 ° C., preferably 250 ° C. in air, in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen, or in vacuum.
  • the poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer film having a linear thermal expansion coefficient of less than 3 OppmZK and a glass transition temperature of 250 ° C or higher can be obtained.
  • a fine pattern can be obtained.
  • Imidization can also be performed chemically using a dehydrating cyclization reagent.
  • a poly (amidate-azomethine) copolymer film formed on a substrate is immersed in acetic anhydride containing a basic catalyst such as pyridine or triethylamine at room temperature for 1 minute to several hours.
  • a (imide-azomethine) copolymer film can be obtained.
  • a 0.5 wt% polyimide precursor (poly (amic acid-azomethine) copolymer) solution was measured at 30 ° C. using a Ostwald viscometer. It is desirable that the intrinsic viscosity value is 0.1 dLZg or more in terms of film toughness.
  • the glass transition temperature of the polyimide (poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer) film was determined from the loss peak (frequency 0.1 ° ⁇ , temperature rising rate 5 ° CZ min) in the dynamic viscoelasticity measurement.
  • the glass transition temperature (Tg) is preferably 250 ° C or higher from the viewpoint of solder heat resistance.
  • thermogravimetric change of the polyimide (poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer) film was measured under a nitrogen atmosphere or an air atmosphere, and the temperature at which the weight decreased by 5% was determined.
  • the 5% weight loss temperature (T d 5 ) is desired to have a heat resistance point of 400 ° C or higher.
  • the linear thermal expansion coefficient was obtained as an average value in the range of 100 to 200 ° C from the elongation of the test piece at a load of 0.5gZ film thickness of 1 ⁇ m and a heating rate of 5 ° CZ.
  • the value of linear thermal expansion coefficient (CTE: [ppm / k]) should be less than 30ppmZK from the viewpoint of reducing the residual stress of insulating film Z metal substrate in electronic devices.
  • the dielectric constant ( ⁇ ) at 1 MHz was calculated from 2 ]. It is desirable that the dielectric constant ( ⁇ ) should be as low as possible for the high-speed point of electric signal propagation speed in electronic devices. For example, the target value should be 3.0 or less.
  • a polymer was obtained.
  • the resulting poly (amidic acid-azomethine) copolymer was measured for its intrinsic viscosity at 30 ° C in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP).
  • NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
  • the IR chart of the resulting poly (amido-azomethine) copolymer is shown in Fig. 1 (Azomethine characteristic absorption 1620-1630 cm _1 ; Carboxyl group characteristic absorption in amic acid, around 2600 cm _1 (broad)).
  • the obtained poly (amidic acid-azomethine) copolymer solution was cast on a glass substrate and dried at 60 ° C for 2 hours.
  • a membrane was obtained. This was thermally imidized at 250 ° C for 2 hours under reduced pressure on the substrate, and further heat-treated at 330 ° C or 350 ° C for 1 hour!
  • a transparent, tough poly ( An imido-azomethine) copolymer film was obtained.
  • poly (amidate-azomethine) copolymer was polymerized in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the monomer concentration was adjusted to the concentration shown in Table 3, and the film properties were measured.
  • Other polymerization conditions and intrinsic viscosities are shown in Table 3 (Poly (amic acid-azomethine).
  • the polymerization properties and intrinsic viscosity of the copolymer are shown in Table 4, and the film properties are shown in Table 4 (Film properties of poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer).
  • the resulting poly (amic acid-azomethine) copolymer force also prepared a cast membrane.
  • the cast film showed high transparency with a transmittance of 70% or more at the i-line (365 nm) wavelength of a high-pressure mercury lamp.
  • a poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and the film properties were measured.
  • Table 5 (Film properties of poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer) shows the film properties.
  • the poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer film of Example 3 (Experiment 3) has a relatively low linear thermal expansion coefficient and a relatively high glass transition temperature. And satisfied the required characteristics.
  • N dimethylacetamide solution of the poly (amidic acid-azomethine) copolymer described in Example 3 2,3,4 tris (1-oxo-2 diazonaphthoquinone) as a diazonaphthoquinone photosensitizer was used.
  • 5-Sulfooxy) benzophenone was added and dissolved in an amount of 30% by weight based on the actual amount of poly (amidoacetate) copolymer. This was applied onto a silicon wafer surface-treated with a silane coupling agent, and dried in a hot air dryer at 60 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a photosensitive film having a film thickness of 4 to 5 / ⁇ ⁇ . .
  • Irradiation light intensity is approximately 3mWZcm 2.
  • This polyazomethine copolymer solution is applied to a glass substrate, dried at 60 ° C for 2 hours, and further subjected to heat treatment at 250 ° C under reduced pressure for 1 hour on the substrate to obtain a transparent film having a thickness of 10 to 20 m.
  • a tough polyazomethine copolymer film was obtained.
  • the glass transition temperature was 269 ° C and the 5% weight loss temperature in nitrogen was 445 ° C, which showed relatively high heat resistance, but the coefficient of linear thermal expansion was as high as 97ppmZK, and the desired low thermal expansion characteristics I could't get the power. This is because solvent evaporation alone in the casting process is not sufficient as a factor for promoting in-plane orientation of polymer chains.
  • a polyimide precursor was polymerized from 2,2-bis (4 (4-aminophenoxy) phenol) hexafluoropropane and pyromellitic dianhydride. Intrinsic viscosity was 0.696 dLZg.
  • This polyimide precursor solution is applied to a glass substrate, dried at 60 ° C for 2 hours, and then imidized on the substrate at 250 ° C under reduced pressure for 1 hour, transparent and tough with a thickness of 10 to 20 m.
  • a polyimide film was obtained.
  • the glass transition temperature was 278 ° C and the 5% weight loss temperature in nitrogen was 534 ° C, which was relatively high heat resistance, but the coefficient of linear thermal expansion was as high as 61ppmZK. I could't get any power.
  • a polyimide precursor was polymerized from trans 1,4-cyclohexanediamine and 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride. Solid The viscosity was 1.50 dLZg.
  • a photosensitive resin composition was formed into a film by the method described in Example 4, and exposure and alkali development were attempted. However, it was strong enough that a pattern could not be formed. This is because the solubility of the polyimide precursor used in the alkaline aqueous solution was too high.
  • the poly (imido-azomethine) copolymer of the present invention is a poly (amido-azomethine) copolymer that is a polyimide precursor in which an amic acid residue is introduced as an intramolecular cyclization reaction site. It was obtained by imidization. Therefore, the poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer of the present invention has a low thermal expansion.
  • a resin composition comprising a poly (amic acid-azomethine) copolymer and a photosensitizer exhibits a photosensitivity capable of pattern exposure and a positive photosensitive resin capable of alkaline development. It becomes a composition.
  • this positive photosensitive resin composition is used, a fine pattern of a poly (imidoazomethine) copolymer having a low dielectric constant, a low thermal expansion coefficient, and a high glass transition temperature can be formed. Therefore, the poly (imidoazomethine) copolymer of the present invention can be advantageously used in various electronic devices such as a protective film of a semiconductor element and an interlayer insulating film of an integrated circuit.

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Abstract

A poly(imide/azomethine) copolymer having a low coefficient of linear thermal expansion; a process for the production of the same; a poly(amic acid/azomethine) copolymer which is a precursor of the above copolymer; positive type photosensitive compositions comprising the poly(amic acid/azomethine) copolymer and photosensitizers; and a process for forming fine patterns from the compositions. The poly(imide/azomethine) copolymer is composed of azomethine repeating units represented by the general formula (1) and imide repeating units represented by the general formula (2), while the poly(amic acid/azomethine) copolymer serving as the main component of the photosensitive compositions is composed of azomethine repeating units represented by the general formula (1) and amic acid repeating units represented by the general formula (3): wherein A and D are each a divalent aromatic or aliphatic group; and B is a tetravalent aromatic or aliphatic group.

Description

明 細 書  Specification
ポリ(イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体、ポリ(アミド酸—ァゾメチン)共重合体 及びポジ型感光性樹脂組成物  Poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer, poly (amide acid-azomethine) copolymer, and positive photosensitive resin composition
技術分野  Technical field
[0001] 本発明は、比較的低い熱膨張係数、比較的高いガラス転移温度、及び良好な靭性 を併せ持つ有益なポリ (イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体及びその製造方法、その前駆 体重合体であるポリ(アミド酸ーァゾメチン)共重合体、前駆体重合体と感光剤とを含 有するポジ型感光性榭脂組成物、この榭脂組成物カゝらポリ(イミド—ァゾメチン)共重 合体の微細パターンを得る微細パターン製造方法に関する。  [0001] The present invention relates to a useful poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer having a relatively low thermal expansion coefficient, a relatively high glass transition temperature, and good toughness, a method for producing the same, and a poly- mer that is a precursor polymer thereof. (Amic acid-azomethine) copolymer, a positive photosensitive resin composition containing a precursor polymer and a photosensitizer, and a fine pattern of a poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer obtained from the resin composition. The present invention relates to a fine pattern manufacturing method.
背景技術  Background art
[0002] フレキシブルプリント配線回路用基板、テープオートメーションボンディング用基材 、半導体素子の保護膜、集積回路の層間絶縁膜等の各種電子デバイス用絶縁材料 に対する重要な要求特性の一つとして、ハンダ処理時の熱に耐え得る耐熱性が挙げ られる。現在、そのような要求に応える電子デバイス用耐熱絶縁材料として、ポリイミド が広く知られている。  [0002] As one of the important required characteristics for insulating materials for various electronic devices such as substrates for flexible printed wiring circuits, substrates for tape automation bonding, protective films for semiconductor elements, interlayer insulating films for integrated circuits, etc., during solder processing Heat resistance that can withstand the heat of Currently, polyimide is widely known as a heat-resistant insulating material for electronic devices that meets such requirements.
[0003] し力しながら、絶縁材料の用途の多様化に伴!、、絶縁材料に対しては、耐熱性の 他にも、低誘電率、低熱膨張性、高透明性、高周波特性 (低誘電正接)、低吸水性、 高寸法安定性、接着性、加工性等も要求されるようになっているが、電子デバイス用 絶縁材料として現在一般的に使用されているポリイミドはそのような要求特性を必ず しも十分に満たしていない。このため、ポリイミド以外の耐熱性高分子や、他の高分子 とポリイミドを複合ィ匕して分子修飾を施した複合ポリイミド等の開発研究が盛んに行わ れている。  [0003] However, with the diversification of applications of insulating materials, in addition to heat resistance, insulating materials have low dielectric constant, low thermal expansion, high transparency, and high frequency characteristics (low (Dielectric loss tangent), low water absorption, high dimensional stability, adhesiveness, workability, etc. are also required, but polyimide currently used as an insulating material for electronic devices is such a requirement. The characteristics are not always satisfied sufficiently. For this reason, research and development on heat-resistant polymers other than polyimide, and composite polyimides in which other polymers and polyimides are combined and subjected to molecular modification are being actively conducted.
[0004] 一般に、ポリイミドの高い耐熱性は、剛直な主鎖骨格と束縛された分子内回転に基 づいており、同様な剛直な骨格を持つポリイミド以外の耐熱性高分子として、ジアル デヒドとジァミンとの重縮合により製造されるポリアゾメチンが新しい耐熱絶縁材料とし て期待されている。  [0004] In general, the high heat resistance of polyimide is based on intramolecular rotation constrained by a rigid main chain skeleton. Polyazomethine produced by polycondensation with is expected as a new heat-resistant insulating material.
[0005] し力しながら、ポリアゾメチンは、その剛直構造のために、重縮合の初期段階で低 重合度の状態で重合系中で沈殿してしまうため、高重合度のポリアゾメチンが得られ にく 、と 、う欠点を有する(非特許文献 1参照)。ポリアゾメチンの重合度が低 、場合 には、ポリマー鎖同士の絡み合いが起こらず、靭性を失う結果、そのキャスト膜にひ び割れが入る結果を招く。このため、ポリアゾメチンの膜特性に関する報告は殆ど例 がな!/、というのが現状である。 [0005] However, polyazomethine is low in the initial stage of polycondensation due to its rigid structure. Since it precipitates in the polymerization system in the degree of polymerization, polyazomethine with a high degree of polymerization is difficult to obtain (see Non-Patent Document 1). When the degree of polymerization of polyazomethine is low, the polymer chains are not entangled with each other, and as a result, the cast film is cracked. For this reason, there are almost no reports on the membrane properties of polyazomethine!
[0006] ところで、ポリアゾメチンの重合度を高める技術として、ポリアゾメチンの合成原料に フッ素化モノマーある 、は屈曲性の高 、モノマーを一部使用することによりポリマー の分子間力を低下させ、ポリアゾメチンの重合系中への溶解度を高めることが提案さ れている(非特許文献 2、特許文献 1、特許文献 2参照)。これらの技術によれば、重 合初期段階におけるポリアゾメチンの沈殿の抑制も期待できる。  [0006] By the way, as a technique for increasing the degree of polymerization of polyazomethine, there is a fluorinated monomer as a raw material for synthesizing polyazomethine. It has been proposed to increase the solubility of azomethine in the polymerization system (see Non-Patent Document 2, Patent Document 1, and Patent Document 2). These techniques can also be expected to suppress polyazomethine precipitation in the initial stage of polymerization.
[0007] また、近年、耐熱絶縁膜の低熱膨張化が、以下に説明するような理由で重要な課 題になってきている。例えば、一般的な汎用溶媒に不溶性のポリイミドの場合、可溶 性のポリイミド前駆体をアミド系有機溶媒に溶かし、これを金属基板上に塗布'乾燥 後、 250°Cな!ヽし 350°Cで加熱脱水閉環反応 (イミドィ匕反応)させることでポリイミド膜 を形成している。従って、ポリイミド Z金属基板積層体をイミド化温度力も室温へ冷却 する過程で熱応力が発生し、そしてその熱応力がしばしばカーリング、膜の剥離、割 れ等の深刻な問題を引き起こす。最近では電子回路の高密度化に伴い、多層配線 基板が採用されるようになってきたが、たとえ膜の剥離や割れにまで至らなくても多層 基板における応力の残留はデバイスの信頼性を著しく低下させる。また、イミド化工 程で発生する応力は金属基板とポリイミド膜との間の線熱膨張係数の差が大きいほ ど、またイミドィ匕温度が高いほど増加する。このように、耐熱絶縁膜の低熱膨張化が 急務の課題となっている。  [0007] In recent years, low thermal expansion of heat-resistant insulating films has become an important issue for the reasons described below. For example, in the case of polyimides that are insoluble in common general-purpose solvents, a soluble polyimide precursor is dissolved in an amide-based organic solvent, applied onto a metal substrate, dried, and then 250 ° C! The polyimide film is formed by heating and dehydrating ring-closing reaction (imido reaction). Therefore, thermal stress is generated in the process of cooling the polyimide Z metal substrate laminate to imidation temperature force to room temperature, and the thermal stress often causes serious problems such as curling, film peeling and cracking. Recently, with the increase in the density of electronic circuits, multilayer wiring boards have come to be used. However, even if film peeling or cracking does not occur, residual stress on the multilayer board significantly increases device reliability. Reduce. Further, the stress generated in the imidization process increases as the difference in linear thermal expansion coefficient between the metal substrate and the polyimide film increases and as the imidization temperature increases. Thus, low thermal expansion of heat resistant insulating films is an urgent issue.
[0008] 例えば、ポリイミドの低熱膨張ィ匕に関し、一般のポリイミドの線熱膨張係数は 50〜9 OppmZKの範囲にあり、金属基板、例えば、銅の線熱膨張係数 17ppmZKよりもは るかに大きい。従って、ポリイミドの熱膨張係数を、銅の線熱膨張係数に近い数値、 例えば約 20ppmZK以下とする研究 (非特許文献 3参照)が行われており、その研 究の中で、ポリイミドの低熱膨張ィ匕の一般的な必要条件は、主鎖構造が直線的で、し 力も内部回転が束縛され、剛直であることと報告されている。 [0009] 現在、実用的な低熱膨張性ポリイミド材料としては、 3, 3' , 4, 4'—ビフエ二ルテト ラカルボン酸二無水物とパラフエ-レンジアミンカも形成されるポリイミドが最もよく知 られている。このポリイミド膜は、膜厚や作製条件にもよるが、 5〜: LOppmZKと非常 に低 ヽ線熱膨張係数を示すことが知られて ヽる (非特許文献 4参照)。 [0008] For example, with regard to the low thermal expansion coefficient of polyimide, the linear thermal expansion coefficient of general polyimide is in the range of 50-9 OppmZK, which is much higher than the linear thermal expansion coefficient of 17 ppmZK of metal substrates, for example, copper. . Therefore, studies have been conducted to make the thermal expansion coefficient of polyimide a value close to the linear thermal expansion coefficient of copper, for example, about 20 ppmZK or less (see Non-Patent Document 3). It is reported that the general requirement for 匕 is that the main chain structure is linear and that the force is constrained by internal rotation and is rigid. [0009] Currently, the most widely known low thermal expansion polyimide material is a polyimide that also forms 3,3 ', 4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and para-phenylenediamine. . This polyimide film is known to exhibit a very low thermal expansion coefficient of 5 to: LOppmZK depending on the film thickness and production conditions (see Non-Patent Document 4).
[0010] 低熱膨張特性を示す他のポリイミド系としていくつか知られている力 これらは例外 なく直線的で剛直な主鎖骨格を有するものであり、例えばテトラカルボン酸二無水物 として 3, 3' , 4, 4,ービフエ-ルテトラカルボン酸二無水物の他にも、ピロメリット酸二 無水物、 1, 2, 3, 4—シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、ジァミンとして p—フエ -レンジァミンの他にも 2, 2,一ビス(トリフルォロメチル)ベンジジン、トランス一 1, 4 —シクロへキサンジァミン, o—トリジン、 m—トリジン等を組み合わせたポリイミド系が 低熱膨張係数を示す。 [0010] Some of the forces known as other polyimide systems exhibiting low thermal expansion properties. These are, without exception, those having a linear and rigid main chain skeleton, such as tetracarboxylic dianhydride 3, 3 ' , 4, 4, -biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, pyromellitic dianhydride, 1, 2, 3, 4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, diamine In addition, a polyimide system that combines 2,2,1bis (trifluoromethyl) benzidine, trans-1,4-cyclohexanediamine, o-tolidine, m- tolidine, etc. shows a low coefficient of thermal expansion.
[0011] これらのポリイミド膜における低熱膨張係数発現は、イミド化誘起自発的面内配向 に基づいている。即ち、ポリイミド前駆体を基板上にキャストした段階では低面内配向 度であるが、熱イミド化の間に面内配向度が急激に増加する (非特許文献 4参照)。  [0011] The expression of the low thermal expansion coefficient in these polyimide films is based on imidization-induced spontaneous in-plane orientation. That is, the degree of orientation in the plane is low at the stage where the polyimide precursor is cast on the substrate, but the degree of orientation in the plane increases rapidly during thermal imidization (see Non-Patent Document 4).
[0012] ポリアゾメチン系にお 、ても低熱膨張特性を発現させるためには、直線的で剛直な 主鎖骨格が不可欠である。しかしながら、テレフタルアルデヒドと p—フエ-レンジアミ ンを組み合わせると、前述のように重合初期に沈殿が生じ、高重合体を得ることは困 難である。 [0012] Even in the polyazomethine series, a linear and rigid main chain skeleton is indispensable in order to exhibit low thermal expansion characteristics. However, when terephthalaldehyde and p-phenylenediamine are combined, precipitation occurs in the initial stage of polymerization as described above, and it is difficult to obtain a high polymer.
[0013] 式(d)で表される剛直なフッ素化ジァミンである 2, 2'—ビス(トリフルォロメチル)ベ ンジジンを、 m—タレゾール中でのテレフタルアルデヒドと反応させることで、剛直な 骨格を有するポリアゾメチンの高重合体を得ることは可能である(非特許文献 5参照) 。しかし、そのキャスト膜は液晶形成により激しく白濁し、極めて脆弱である。 [0014] [化 1] [0013] By reacting 2,2'-bis (trifluoromethyl) benzidine, which is a rigid fluorinated diamine represented by the formula (d), with terephthalaldehyde in m-taresol, the rigidity is improved. It is possible to obtain a polyazomethine high polymer having a skeleton (see Non-Patent Document 5). However, the cast film becomes extremely turbid due to liquid crystal formation and is extremely fragile. [0014] [Chemical 1]
Figure imgf000006_0001
Figure imgf000006_0001
[0015] 主鎖の直線性及び剛直性を著しく損なわな!/、範囲で、例えば式 (e)ある 、は式 (f) で表されるような屈曲性のジァミンを少量共重合させることで、ポリアゾメチンキャスト 膜の靭性は飛躍的に増加する (非特許文献 5参照)。 [0015] The linearity and rigidity of the main chain are not significantly impaired! / In the range, for example, by being copolymerized in a small amount with a flexible diamine as represented by the formula (e) or (f) In addition, the toughness of the polyazomethine cast film is dramatically increased (see Non-Patent Document 5).
[0016] [化 2]  [0016] [Chemical 2]
Figure imgf000006_0002
Figure imgf000006_0003
Figure imgf000006_0002
Figure imgf000006_0003
[0017] しかしながら、ジァミンの主成分として、式(d)の 2, 2,一ビス(トリフルォロメチル)ベ ンジジンとテレフタルアルデヒドとから得られる剛直なポリアゾメチン共重合体膜の場 合、その線熱膨張係数が 90ppmZKと高ぐ 目的の低熱膨張特性は得られない (非 特許文献 5参照)。この事実は、たとえ主鎖骨格が直線的で剛直であっても、溶液キ ャスト過程における溶媒蒸発のみでは、高度な面内配向度を誘起する因子として不 十分であることを意味して 、ると考えられる。 However, in the case of a rigid polyazomethine copolymer film obtained from 2,2,1-bis (trifluoromethyl) benzidine of formula (d) and terephthalaldehyde as the main component of diamine, The coefficient of linear thermal expansion is as high as 90 ppmZK. The desired low thermal expansion characteristic cannot be obtained (see Non-Patent Document 5). This fact is not a factor that induces a high degree of in-plane orientation by solvent evaporation alone in the solution casting process, even if the main chain skeleton is linear and rigid. This means that it is sufficient.
[0018] 近年、ポリイミド膜の微細パターン形成工程を大幅に短縮する、感光性ポリイミド (又 はその前駆体重合体)の研究開発が活発に行われている力 通常のポリイミドにはな い特性、例えば、低誘電率、低熱膨張、高ガラス転移温度を併せ持つポリイミド系に 対して更に感光性も付与できれば、上記産業分野にお!、て極めて有益な材料を提 供することができる。  [0018] In recent years, research and development of photosensitive polyimide (or its precursor polymer), which greatly shortens the process for forming a fine pattern of a polyimide film, has been actively conducted. If a polyimide film having low dielectric constant, low thermal expansion, and high glass transition temperature can be further provided with photosensitivity, an extremely useful material can be provided in the industrial field.
[0019] 最近では環境への配慮から、有機溶媒で現像を行うネガ型に比べ、アルカリ現像 のポジ型感光性ポリイミド前駆体の重要性が高まりつつある。ポリイミド前駆体 (ポリア ミド酸)は、元来、アルカリに可溶である力 ポリアミド酸膜中に、溶解抑制剤としてジ ァゾナフトキノン系感光剤を分散させることで、アルカリに不溶になる。次に、フォトマ スクを介して紫外線を照射すると露光部におけるジァゾナフトキノン系感光剤が光反 応によりアルカリ可溶なインデンカルボン酸に変化し、露光部のみアルカリ水溶液に 可溶となり、ポジ型パターン形成が原理的に可能となる。  [0019] Recently, in consideration of the environment, the importance of a positive photosensitive polyimide precursor for alkali development is increasing compared to a negative type in which development is performed with an organic solvent. The polyimide precursor (polyamic acid) is originally insoluble in alkali. Dispersing a diazonaphthoquinone photosensitizer as a dissolution inhibitor in a polyamic acid film makes it insoluble in alkali. Next, when ultraviolet rays are irradiated through a photomask, the diazonaphthoquinone photosensitizer in the exposed area is changed to alkali-soluble indenecarboxylic acid by photoreaction, and only the exposed area becomes soluble in an alkaline aqueous solution. Pattern formation is possible in principle.
[0020] し力しながら、ポリアミド酸は、半導体レジスト用アルカリ現像液として一般に用いら れるテトラメチルアンモ-ゥムヒドロキシド水溶液に対する溶解度が高すぎるため、溶 解抑制剤の添加効果が不十分であり、多くの場合、鮮明なパターン形成が困難であ る。このため、ポリアミド酸の構造になんらかの化学修飾を施し、アルカリ水溶液に対 する溶解性を制御する必要がある。  However, since polyamic acid has too high solubility in an aqueous tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution generally used as an alkali developer for semiconductor resist, the effect of adding a dissolution inhibitor is insufficient. In this case, it is difficult to form a clear pattern. For this reason, it is necessary to apply some chemical modification to the structure of the polyamic acid to control the solubility in an aqueous alkali solution.
[0021] ポリアミド酸の溶解度制御の他に重要な点として、ポリアミド酸膜の透明性が挙げら れる。高圧水銀灯の i線(365nm)で露光する場合、この波長における膜の透過率が 十分高くないとポリアミド酸自身に照射光が遮蔽されて感光剤に光が到達しにくいた め、露光に長時間を要し、極端な場合は感光剤の光反応が妨害され、パターン形成 が不能になる。  [0021] Another important point in addition to controlling the solubility of the polyamic acid is the transparency of the polyamic acid film. When exposure is performed with i-line (365 nm) of a high-pressure mercury lamp, if the transmittance of the film at this wavelength is not sufficiently high, the irradiation light is shielded by the polyamic acid itself and it is difficult for the light to reach the photosensitive agent. In extreme cases, the photoreaction of the photosensitizer is hindered and pattern formation becomes impossible.
[0022] 前述のように、 3, 3,, 4, 4,ービフエ-ルテトラカルボン酸二無水物と p—フエ-レン ジァミン力もなるポリイミド膜は低熱膨張ポリイミドとしてよく知られているが、その前駆 体であるポリアミド酸膜の i線における透過率は事実上 0%であり、光パターン形成は 困難である。これはポリアミド酸膜自身によって照射光が遮蔽されたためである。  [0022] As described above, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and polyimide film having p-phenylenediamine power are well known as low thermal expansion polyimide. The transmittance of the precursor polyamic acid film at i-line is practically 0%, and it is difficult to form an optical pattern. This is because the irradiated light is shielded by the polyamic acid film itself.
[0023] 一方、 3, 3,, 4, 4,ービフエ-ルテトラカルボン酸二無水物とトランス 1, 4ーシク 口へキサンジァミンカゝら成るポリアミド酸膜は、極めて高 ヽ i線透過率を示し (特許文献[0023] On the other hand, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and trans 1,4-sic The polyamic acid film composed of oral hexanediamine has an extremely high i-line transmittance (Patent Literature)
3参照)、しカゝも、それを硬化させたポリイミド膜は、低熱膨張、低誘電率、高ガラス転 移温度とバランスのよい物性を示す (非特許文献 6、非特許文献 7参照)。しかし、こ のポリイミド前駆体の場合も、アルカリ水溶液に対する溶解度が高すぎるため、それを 用いた光パターン形成は困難であり、従って、実用的に光パターン形成できるように することが求められている。 3), the cured polyimide film exhibits well-balanced properties with low thermal expansion, low dielectric constant, and high glass transition temperature (see Non-Patent Document 6 and Non-Patent Document 7). However, even in the case of this polyimide precursor, since the solubility in an alkaline aqueous solution is too high, it is difficult to form an optical pattern using it, and therefore it is required to be able to form an optical pattern practically. .
[0024] 従って、良好な耐熱性が期待されるポリアゾメチン系にお 、ても、低熱膨張、低誘 電率、高ガラス転移温度とバランスのよい物性を示すとともに、実用的に光パターン 形成できるようにすることが期待されて 、る。  [0024] Therefore, even in a polyazomethine system that is expected to have good heat resistance, it exhibits physical properties well balanced with low thermal expansion, low dielectric constant, and high glass transition temperature, and can practically form an optical pattern. Expected to do so.
[0025] 非特許文献 1 :有機化学合成, 41卷, 1983年, p. 972- 984  [0025] Non-Patent Document 1: Organic Chemical Synthesis, 41 卷, 1983, p. 972-984
非特許文献 2 :マクロモレキュラーケミストリー アンド フィジックス(Macromolecular C hemistry and Physics) , 195卷, 1994年, p. 1877—1889  Non-Patent Document 2: Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 195 卷, 1994, p. 1877—1889
非特許文献 3 :ポジマー(Polymer) , 28卷, 1987年, p. 2282- 2288  Non-Patent Document 3: Polymer, 28 卷, 1987, p. 2282-2288
非特許文献 4 :マクロモレキュールス(Macromolecules) , 29卷, 1996年, p. 7897— Non-Patent Document 4: Macromolecules, 29 卷, 1996, p. 7897—
7909 7909
非特許文献 5 :高分子学会予稿集、 52卷, 1996年, 6号, p. 1295  Non-Patent Document 5: Proceedings of the Society of Polymer Science, Japan, 52 卷, 1996, No. 6, p. 1295
非特許文献 6 :ハイパフォーマンスポリマース(High Performance Polymers), 13卷, 2 Non-Patent Document 6: High Performance Polymers, 13 卷, 2
001年, p. S93 - S 106 001, p. S93-S 106
非特許文献 7 :ハイパフォーマンスポリマース(High Performance Polymers), 15卷, 2 Non-Patent Document 7: High Performance Polymers, 15 卷, 2
003年, p. 47- 64 003, p. 47- 64
特許文献 1:特開昭 64— 79233号公報  Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 64-79233
特許文献 2 :特開平 2— 42372号公報  Patent Document 2: JP-A-2-42372
特許文献 3 :特開 2002— 161136号公報  Patent Document 3: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-161136
発明の開示  Disclosure of the invention
発明が解決しょうとする課題  Problems to be solved by the invention
[0026] 本発明は、低線熱膨張係数を有するポリ (イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体及びその製 造方法、その前駆体であるポリ(アミド酸—ァゾメチン)共重合体、その共重合体と感 光剤とからなるポジ型感光性榭脂組成物、及びこのポジ型感光性榭脂組成物力ゝらポ リ (イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体の微細パターン製造方法を提供することを目的とす る。 [0026] The present invention relates to a poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer having a low linear thermal expansion coefficient, a method for producing the same, a poly (amide acid-azomethine) copolymer that is a precursor thereof, and a copolymer thereof. A positive photosensitive resin composition comprising a light-sensitive agent, and the positive photosensitive resin composition An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a fine pattern of a ri (imido-azomethine) copolymer.
課題を解決するための手段  Means for solving the problem
[0027] 本発明者らは、ポリアゾメチンに分子内環化反応部位、即ちアミド酸残基を導入す ることにより、上述の目的を達成できることを見出し、本発明を完成させた。  [0027] The present inventors have found that the above-mentioned object can be achieved by introducing an intramolecular cyclization reaction site, that is, an amic acid residue, into polyazomethine, and completed the present invention.
[0028] 即ち、本発明は、式(1)のァゾメチン重合単位及び式(2)のイミド重合単位 [0028] That is, the present invention relates to an azomethine polymer unit of formula (1) and an imide polymer unit of formula (2).
[0029] [化 3]
Figure imgf000009_0001
Figure imgf000009_0002
[0029] [Chemical 3]
Figure imgf000009_0001
Figure imgf000009_0002
[0030] (式(1)及び式(2)において、 A及び Dはそれぞれ二価の芳香族基又は脂肪族基で あり、 Bは四価の芳香族基又は脂肪族基を表す。 ) (In formulas (1) and (2), A and D are each a divalent aromatic group or an aliphatic group, and B is a tetravalent aromatic group or an aliphatic group.)
力もなるポリ (イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体を提供する。  Provided is a poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer that also has strength.
[0031] また、本発明は、上述のポリ (イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体を得る製造方法であって[0031] The present invention also provides a production method for obtaining the above-mentioned poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer.
、式(a)のジァミン、式(b)の酸二無水物式、及び式(c)のジアルデヒド [0032] [化 4]
Figure imgf000010_0001
A diamine of formula (a), an acid dianhydride formula of formula (b), and a dialdehyde of formula (c) [0032] [Chemical 4]
Figure imgf000010_0001
Figure imgf000010_0002
Figure imgf000010_0002
OHC— D— CH〇
Figure imgf000010_0003
OHC— D— CH〇
Figure imgf000010_0003
[0033] (式 (a)、式 (b)及び式 (c)にお 、て、 A及び Dはそれぞれ二価の芳香族基又は脂肪 族基であり、 Bは四価の芳香族基又は脂肪族基を表す。 ) (In the formulas (a), (b) and (c), A and D are each a divalent aromatic group or an aliphatic group, and B is a tetravalent aromatic group or Represents an aliphatic group.)
を混合し、重合させることにより、式(1)のァゾメチン重合単位及び式(3)のアミド酸重 合単位 Are mixed and polymerized to polymerize the azomethine polymer unit of formula (1) and the amido acid polymer unit of formula (3).
Figure imgf000011_0001
Figure imgf000011_0001
[0035] (式(1)及び式(3)において、 A及び Dはそれぞれ二価の芳香族基又は脂肪族基で あり、 Bは四価の芳香族基又は脂肪族基を表す。 ) (In the formulas (1) and (3), A and D are each a divalent aromatic group or an aliphatic group, and B is a tetravalent aromatic group or an aliphatic group.)
力もなるポリ(アミド酸一ァゾメチン)共重合体を形成し、得られたポリ(アミド酸一ァゾ メチン)共重合体に対しイミド化処理を行うことによりポリ (イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合 体を得る製造方法を提供する。  A poly (amido-azomethine) copolymer is formed, and the resulting poly (amido-azomethine) copolymer is imidized to give a poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer. A production method is provided.
[0036] また、本発明は、前述のポリ (イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体の前駆体重合体である、 式(1)のァゾメチン重合単位及び式(3)のアミド酸重合単位 [0036] The present invention also relates to a precursor polymer of the poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer described above, an azomethine polymer unit of formula (1) and an amic acid polymer unit of formula (3).
[0037] [化 6] [0037] [Chemical 6]
Figure imgf000011_0002
[0038] (式(1)及び式(3)において、 A及び Dはそれぞれ二価の芳香族基又は脂肪族基で あり、 Bは四価の芳香族基又は脂肪族基を表す。 )
Figure imgf000011_0002
(In the formulas (1) and (3), A and D are each a divalent aromatic group or an aliphatic group, and B is a tetravalent aromatic group or an aliphatic group.)
力 なるポリ(アミド酸—ァゾメチン)共重合体を提供する。  A powerful poly (amidic acid-azomethine) copolymer is provided.
[0039] また、本発明は、上述のポリ(アミド酸ーァゾメチン)共重合体とジァゾナフトキノン系 感光剤とを含有するポジ型感光性榭脂組成物を提供する。 [0039] The present invention also provides a positive photosensitive resin composition containing the above-mentioned poly (amidate-azomethine) copolymer and a diazonaphthoquinone photosensitizer.
[0040] 更に、本発明は、このポジ型感光性榭脂組成物を製膜し、得られたポジ型感光性 榭脂組成物薄膜に対し、パターン露光処理を行った後にアルカリ現像処理を行い、 更にポリイミド処理を行うことによりポリ(イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体の微細パターン を得る微細パターン製造方法を提供する。 [0040] Further, in the present invention, the positive photosensitive resin composition is formed into a film, and the obtained positive photosensitive resin composition thin film is subjected to a pattern exposure process and then an alkali development process. Furthermore, the present invention provides a fine pattern manufacturing method for obtaining a fine pattern of a poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer by further performing a polyimide treatment.
発明の効果  The invention's effect
[0041] 本発明のポリ (イミドーァゾメチン)共重合体は、分子内に分子内環化反応部位とし てアミド酸残基が導入されたポリイミド前駆体であるポリ(アミド酸ーァゾメチン)共重合 体をイミドィ匕して得られたものである。従って、本発明のポリ (イミド—ァゾメチン)共重 合体は、低熱膨張化されたものとなる。また、ポリ (アミド酸—ァゾメチン)共重合体と 感光剤とから構成した榭脂組成物は、パターン露光が可能な感光性を示し、し力ゝもァ ルカリ現像可能なポジ型感光性榭脂組成物となる。このポジ型感光性榭脂組成物を 利用すれば、比較的低い誘電率、比較的低い熱膨張係数、比較的高いガラス転移 温度を有するポリ (イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体の微細パターンを得ることができる。 図面の簡単な説明  [0041] The poly (imido-azomethine) copolymer of the present invention is a poly (amido-azomethine) copolymer which is a polyimide precursor in which an amic acid residue is introduced as an intramolecular cyclization reaction site. It was obtained by imidizing the polymer. Therefore, the poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer of the present invention has a low thermal expansion. In addition, a resin composition composed of a poly (amic acid-azomethine) copolymer and a photosensitizer exhibits a photosensitivity capable of pattern exposure and a positive photosensitive resin capable of alkaline development. It becomes a composition. By using this positive photosensitive resin composition, it is possible to obtain a fine pattern of a poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer having a relatively low dielectric constant, a relatively low coefficient of thermal expansion, and a relatively high glass transition temperature. Can do. Brief Description of Drawings
[0042] [図 1]図 1は、実験 laのポリ(アミド酸—ァゾメチン)重合体の IRチャートである。 [0042] FIG. 1 is an IR chart of the poly (amidate-azomethine) polymer of Experiment la.
[図 2]図 2は、実験 laのポリ(アミド酸—ァゾメチン)重合体をイミドィ匕して得られたポリ( イミド—ァゾメチン)重合体の IRチャートである。  FIG. 2 is an IR chart of a poly (imide-azomethine) polymer obtained by imidizing the poly (amido-azomethine) polymer of Experiment la.
発明を実施するための最良の形態  BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0043] 以下に本発明を詳細に説明する。 [0043] The present invention is described in detail below.
[0044] 本発明のポリ(イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体は、前出の式(1)のァゾメチン重合単位 及び式(2)のイミド重合単位力もなる。この共重合体は、良好な耐熱性を示すだけで なぐ 30ppmZK未満の低熱膨張、低誘電率、 250°C以上の高ガラス転移温度とバ ランスのより、物性を示し、しカゝもイミド化前の分子中にアミド酸残基が存在するので、 イミドィ匕前の前駆体にジァゾナフトキノン系感光剤を配合したものはポジ型感光性榭 脂組成物となり、よって、光パターン形成が可能となる。 [0044] The poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer of the present invention also has the azomethine polymer unit of formula (1) and the imide polymer unit force of formula (2). This copolymer only shows good heat resistance. The low thermal expansion of less than 30ppmZK, low dielectric constant, high glass transition temperature of 250 ° C or higher and balance show physical properties, and since there is an amic acid residue in the molecule before imidation, A compound in which a diazonaphthoquinone photosensitizer is blended with a precursor before imidation becomes a positive photosensitive resin composition, and thus an optical pattern can be formed.
[0045] 本発明のポリ(イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体を構成する式(1)のァゾメチン重合単位 及び式(2)のイミド重合単位のモル分率は、一方が他方に比べて少なすぎる場合、 例えばイミド残基が少なすぎると低熱膨張特性が得られず、またァゾメチン残基が少 なすぎるとポジ型光パターンが形成できな 、おそれがあるので、式(1)のモル分率を Xとし、式(2)のモル分率を 1—Xとしたときに、 Xが好ましくは 0. 05-0. 95、より好ま しくは 0. 1〜0. 9の範囲である。  [0045] When the molar fraction of the azomethine polymerized unit of formula (1) and the imide polymerized unit of formula (2) constituting the poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer of the present invention is too small compared to the other For example, if there are too few imide residues, low thermal expansion characteristics cannot be obtained, and if there are too few azomethine residues, a positive light pattern cannot be formed. When the molar fraction of formula (2) is 1-X, X is preferably in the range of 0.05-0.95, more preferably in the range of 0.1-0.9.
[0046] 前述したように、式(1)のァゾメチン重合単位と式(2)のイミド重合単位とにおける置 換基 A及び置換基 Dはそれぞれ二価の芳香族基又は脂肪族基を表し、置換基 Bは 四価の芳香族基又は脂肪族基を表す。  [0046] As described above, the substituent A and the substituent D in the azomethine polymer unit of the formula (1) and the imide polymer unit of the formula (2) each represent a divalent aromatic group or aliphatic group, Substituent B represents a tetravalent aromatic group or an aliphatic group.
[0047] ここで、置換基 Aの二価の芳香族基又は脂肪族基は、フッ素含有ジァミン類に由来 する残基であり、具体的にはそのフッ素含有ジァミン類の二つのアミノ基を除いた残 基である。特に好ましい置換基 Aとしては、フッ素含有ジァミン類である前出の式 (d) の 2, 2,—ビス(トリフルォロメチル)ベンジジン由来の残基が挙げられる。この式(d) のジァミン由来の残基とともに、前出の式 (e)や式 (f)の屈曲性のフッ素含有ジァミン 由来の残基とを併用してもよい。この場合、式 (e)や式 (f)のフッ素含有ジァミン由来 の残基の割合が高すぎると、ポリ (イミドーァゾメチン)共重合体の線熱膨張係数の著 しい増大を招く傾向があるので注意が必要である。この場合、全ジァミン中の式 (d) のジァミンの存在割合は、少なくとも 50mol%である。  [0047] Here, the divalent aromatic group or aliphatic group of the substituent A is a residue derived from a fluorine-containing diamine, specifically, excluding two amino groups of the fluorine-containing diamine. It is a residue. Particularly preferred substituent A includes a residue derived from 2,2, -bis (trifluoromethyl) benzidine of the above formula (d), which is a fluorine-containing diamine. A residue derived from the flexible fluorine-containing diamine of formula (e) or formula (f) may be used in combination with the residue derived from diamine of formula (d). In this case, if the proportion of the residue derived from the fluorine-containing diamine of formula (e) or formula (f) is too high, the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the poly (imidoazomethine) copolymer tends to be significantly increased. There is a need to be careful. In this case, the abundance of the formula (d) diamine in the total diamine is at least 50 mol%.
[0048] また、置換基 Aの二価の芳香族基又は脂肪族基としては、上述のフッ素含有ジアミ ン類由来の残基の他に、ポリ(アミド酸ーァゾメチン)共重合体の重合反応性やポリ ( イミドーァゾメチン)共重合体膜の要求特性を著しく損なわない範囲で、以下に示す 芳香族ジァミンや脂肪族ジァミンに由来する残基を例示することができる。  [0048] Further, as the divalent aromatic group or aliphatic group of the substituent A, in addition to the above-mentioned residues derived from fluorine-containing diamines, the polymerization reactivity of a poly (amidate-azomethine) copolymer is used. Examples of the residues derived from aromatic diamines and aliphatic diamines are shown below as long as the required properties of the poly (imido-azomethine) copolymer film are not significantly impaired.
[0049] 置換基 Aの芳香族ジァミンの由来の残基としては、 p—フエ-レンジァミン、 m—フエ 二レンジァミン、 2, 4ージァミノトルエン、 2, 5—ジァミノトルエン、 2, 4—ジアミノキシ レン、 2, 4 ジァミノデュレン、 4, 4'ージアミノジフエ二ノレメタン、 4, 4'ーメチレンビス (2—メチルァ-リン)、 4, 4'ーメチレンビス(2 ェチルァ-リン)、 4, 4'ーメチレンビ ス(2, 6 ジメチルァ-リン)、 4, 4,ーメチレンビス(2, 6 ジェチルァ-リン)、 4, 4, ージアミノジフエニルエーテル、 3, 4'ージアミノジフエニルエーテル、 3, 3 'ージアミ ノジフエニルエーテル、 2, 4'ージアミノジフエニルエーテル、 4, 4'ージアミノジフエ ニルスルフォン、 3, 3,一ジアミノジフエニルスルフォン、 4, 4'—ジァミノべンゾフエノ ン、 3, 3,一ジァミノべンゾフエノン、 4, 4,一ジァミノべンズァユリド、ベンジジン、 3, 3 'ージヒドロキシベンジジン、 3, 3 'ージメトキシベンジジン、 o トリジン、 m トリジン、 1, 4 ビス(4 アミノフエノキシ)ベンゼン、 1, 3 ビス(4 アミノフエノキシ)ベンゼ ン、 1, 3 ビス(3 アミノフエノキシ)ベンゼン、 4, 4,一ビス(4 アミノフエノキシ)ビ フエニル、ビス(4— (3—アミノフエノキシ)フエ-ル)スルフォン、ビス(4— (4—アミノフ エノキシ)フエ-ル)スルフォン、 2, 2 ビス(4— (4 アミノフエノキシ)フエ-ル)プロ パン、 2, 2 ビス(4 ァミノフエ-ル)プロパン、 p ターフェ-レンジァミン等に由来 する残基が挙げられる。これら残基を 2種類以上併用することができる。 [0049] Residues derived from the aromatic diamine of the substituent A include p-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, 2,4-diaminotoluene, 2,5-diaminotoluene, 2,4-diaminoxy 2,4 diaminodurene, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-methylenebis (2-methylaline), 4,4'-methylenebis (2 ethylaline), 4,4'-methylenebis (2,6 Dimethylaline), 4, 4, -Methylenebis (2,6 Jetylaline), 4,4, -diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,3'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 2 , 4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4, 4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 3, 3, 1-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 4, 4'-diaminobenzophenone, 3, 3, 1-diaminobenzophenone, 4, 4, 1-amino-benzaldehyde, benzidine, 3,3′-dihydroxybenzidine, 3,3′-dimethoxybenzidine, o-tridine, m-tridine, 1,4 bis (4 aminophenoxy) benzene, 1,3 bis (4 aminophenoxy) benzene, 1,3 bis (3 aminophenoxy) benzene, 4,4,1 bis (4 aminophenoxy) biphenyl, bis (4- (3-aminophenoxy) phenol) sulfone, bis (4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenol) sulfone, 2,2bis (4- (4aminophenoxy) phenol) propan, 2,2bis (4-aminophenol) propane, p-terphe-rangeamine, etc. Residues derived from. Two or more of these residues can be used in combination.
置換基 Aの脂肪族ジァミンの由来の残基としては、トランス 1, 4ージアミノシクロ へキサン、シス 1, 4ージアミノシクロへキサン、 1, 4ージアミノシクロへキサン(トラン ス /シス混合物)、 1, 3 ジアミノシクロへキサン、イソホロンジァミン、 1, 4 シクロへ キサンビス(メチルァミン)、 2, 5 ビス(アミノメチル)ビシクロ〔2. 2. 1〕ヘプタン、 2, 6 ビス(アミノメチル)ビシクロ〔2. 2. 1〕ヘプタン、 3, 8 ビス(アミノメチル)トリシクロ 〔5. 2. 1. 0〕デカン、 1, 3 ジアミノアダマンタン、 4, 4'ーメチレンビス(シクロへキシ ルァミン)、 4, 4,一メチレンビス(2—メチルシクロへキシルァミン)、 4, 4,一メチレン ビス(2 ェチルシクロへキシルァミン)、 4, 4'—メチレンビス(2, 6 ジメチルシクロ へキシルァミン)、 4, 4'—メチレンビス(2, 6 ジェチルシクロへキシルァミン)、 2, 2 -ビス(4 -アミノシクロへキシル)プロパン、 2, 2 ビス(4 -アミノシクロへキシル)へ キサフルォロプロパン、 1, 3 プロパンジァミン、 1, 4ーテトラメチレンジァミン、 1 , 5 ペンタメチレンジァミン、 1, 6 へキサメチレンジァミン、 1, 7 ヘプタメチレンジァ ミン、 1, 8—オタタメチレンジァミン、 1, 9 ノナメチレンジァミン等に由来する残基が 挙げられる。これら残基を 2種類以上併用することもできる。 [0051] また、置換基 Bの四価の芳香族基又は脂肪族基は、テトラカルボン酸二無水物に 由来する残基であり、具体的にはそのテトラカルボン酸二無水物の四つのカルボキ シル基を除いた残基である。特に好ましい置換基 Bとしては、ポリ(イミド—ァゾメチン )共重合体に低線熱膨張係数、高ガラス転移温度及び十分な靭性を付与できる点か ら、ピロメリット酸二無水物、 3, 3' , 4, 4'ービフエ-ルテトラカルボン酸二無水物、又 は 1, 2, 3, 4ーシクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来する残基を挙げること ができる。これらの残基を併用することもできる。 Residues derived from the aliphatic diamine of substituent A include trans 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, cis 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, 1,4-diaminocyclohexane (trans / cis mixture), 1,3 diaminocyclohexane. Hexane, isophorone diamine, 1,4 cyclohexane bis (methylamine), 2,5 bis (aminomethyl) bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 2,6 bis (aminomethyl) bicyclo [2. 2. 1) heptane, 3, 8 bis (aminomethyl) tricyclo [5. 2. 1. 0] decane, 1, 3 diaminoadamantane, 4, 4'-methylene bis (cyclohexylamine), 4, 4, monomethylene bis (2 —Methylcyclohexylamine), 4,4,1-methylenebis (2-ethylcyclohexylamine), 4,4′-methylenebis (2,6 dimethylcyclohexylamine), 4,4′-methylenebis 2, 6 Jetylcyclohexylamine), 2, 2-bis (4-aminocyclohexyl) propane, 2,2bis (4-aminocyclohexyl) hexafluoropropane, 1, 3 propanediamine, 1, 4 -Tetramethylenediamine, 1,5 pentamethylenediamine, 1,6 hexamethylenediamine, 1,7 heptamethylenediamine, 1,8-otatamethylenediamine, 1,9 Examples include residues derived from namethylene diamine and the like. Two or more of these residues can be used in combination. [0051] Further, the tetravalent aromatic group or aliphatic group of the substituent B is a residue derived from tetracarboxylic dianhydride, specifically, four carboxylic acids of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride. It is a residue excluding the syl group. Particularly preferred substituent B is pyromellitic dianhydride, 3, 3 ′, because it can impart a low linear thermal expansion coefficient, a high glass transition temperature and sufficient toughness to the poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer. , 4, 4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, or residues derived from 1, 2, 3, 4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride. These residues can be used in combination.
[0052] また、置換基 Bの四価の芳香族基又は脂肪族基としては、上述のテトラカルボン酸 二無水物由来の残基の他に、ポリ(アミド酸—ァゾメチン)共重合体の重合反応性や ポリ (イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体膜の要求特性を著しく損なわない範囲で、以下に 示す酸二無水物に由来する残基を例示することができる。  [0052] Further, as the tetravalent aromatic group or aliphatic group of the substituent B, in addition to the above-mentioned residue derived from tetracarboxylic dianhydride, polymerization of a poly (amidic acid-azomethine) copolymer is performed. Residues derived from the acid dianhydrides shown below can be exemplified as long as the reactivity and the required properties of the poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer film are not significantly impaired.
[0053] 置換基 Bの四価の酸二無水物としては、 3, 3' , 4, 4,一べンゾフエノンテトラカルボ ン酸ニ無水物、 3, 3' , 4, 4,ービフエ-ルエーテルテトラカルボン酸二無水物、 3, 3 ' , 4, 4'ービフエ-ルスルホンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、 2, 2 '—ビス (3, 4—ジカ ルボキシフエ-ル)へキサフルォロプロパン酸二無水物、 2, 2,—ビス(3, 4—ジカル ボキシフエ-ル)プロパン酸二無水物、 1, 4, 5, 8—ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸二無 水物等が挙げられる。共重合成分としてこれらを単独又は 2種類以上用いてもよい。  [0053] The tetravalent dianhydride of the substituent B includes 3, 3 ', 4, 4, monobenzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3, 3', 4, 4, Ruether tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3, 3 ', 4, 4'-biphenyl sulfone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2, 2'-bis (3, 4-dicarboxyl) hexafluoropropane Examples include acid dianhydride, 2,2, -bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) propanoic acid dianhydride, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more as copolymerization components.
[0054] 置換基 Dの二価の芳香族基又は脂肪族基は、ジアルデヒドに由来する残基である 。具体的は、そのジアルデヒドの二つのアルデヒド基を除いた残基である。特に好ま し 、置換基 Dとしては、テレフタルアルデヒドに由来する残基である。  [0054] The divalent aromatic group or aliphatic group of the substituent D is a residue derived from a dialdehyde. Specifically, it is a residue obtained by removing two aldehyde groups of the dialdehyde. Particularly preferably, the substituent D is a residue derived from terephthalaldehyde.
[0055] また、置換基 Dの二価の芳香族基としては、上述のテレフタルアルデヒドに由来す る残基の他に、要求特性を著しく損なわない範囲で、他のジアルデヒドに由来する残 基を併用することができる。特に限定されないが、イソフタルアルデヒド、 4, 4'ージフ ェ-ルエーテルジアルデヒド、 4, 4,ージフエ-ルメタンジアルデヒド、 4, 4,ージフエ ニルスルホンジアルデヒド、 1, 5—ナフタレンジアルデヒド、 2, 6—ナフタレンジアル デヒド等に由来する残基が挙げられる。  [0055] Further, as the divalent aromatic group of the substituent D, in addition to the residue derived from terephthalaldehyde described above, a residual group derived from other dialdehydes as long as the required properties are not significantly impaired. Can be used in combination. Although not particularly limited, isophthalaldehyde, 4,4'-diphenyl ether dialdehyde, 4,4, -diphenylmethane dialdehyde, 4,4, -diphenylsulfone dialdehyde, 1,5-naphthalenedialdehyde, 2, Examples include residues derived from 6-naphthalenedialdehyde and the like.
[0056] また、置換基 Dの二価の脂肪族基としては、脂肪族ジアルデヒドに由来する種々の 残基を挙げることができる。ここで、脂肪族ジアルデヒドの中には 1, 6—へキサンジァ ール等の直鎖又は分岐脂肪族ジアルデヒドの他に脂環式ジアルデヒドも含まれる。 好ましい置換基 Dの二価の脂肪族基としては、シクロへキサン一 1, 2—ジアルデヒド 、シクロへキサン一 1, 3 ジアルデヒド、シクロへキサン一 1, 4ージアルデヒド、シクロ オクタン 1, 2 ジアルデヒド、シクロオクタン 1, 5 ジアルデヒド等が挙げられる [0056] Examples of the divalent aliphatic group of the substituent D include various residues derived from an aliphatic dialdehyde. Here, some of the aliphatic dialdehydes are 1,6-hexanedia In addition to linear or branched aliphatic dialdehydes such as alcohol, alicyclic dialdehydes are also included. Preferred divalent aliphatic groups for substituent D include cyclohexane-1,2-dialdehyde, cyclohexane-1,3 dialdehyde, cyclohexane-1,4-dialdehyde, cyclooctane 1,2 dialdehyde. Aldehydes, cyclooctane 1,5 dialdehyde, etc.
[0057] 脂環式ジアルデヒドの製造は、出発物質として環構造を有する脂肪族ジハライドを 選択し、対応するハライドをマグネシウム化合物(Grignard試薬)あるいはリチウム化 合物に変換した後に、適切なホルミル化出発物質を作用させればよい。例えば、脂 肪族ジハライドとして、脂肪族六員環である cisZtrans 1, 4 ジブ口モシクロへキ サンを選択した場合は、以下の経路でシクロへキサン 1, 4ージアルデヒドを合成する ことができる。また、位置異性体である cis/trans— 1, 2—ジブ口モシクロへキサン、 cisZtrans 1, 3 ジブ口モシクロへキサンを選択することも可能である。また、その 他の員数の環構造を有する脂肪族ジハライドを用いることもできる。脂肪族八員環で ある cisZtrans— 1, 5 ジブ口モシクロオクタンを用いた場合も以下の経路で合成 できる。同様に、位置異性体である cisZtrans— 1, 2—ジブ口モシクロオクタンなども 選択することが可能である(参考文献: G. Boss and H. Gerlach, Chem. Ber. , 1989, 1199.;)。 [0057] For the production of alicyclic dialdehyde, an aliphatic dihalide having a ring structure is selected as a starting material, and the corresponding halide is converted into a magnesium compound (Grignard reagent) or lithium compound, and then subjected to appropriate formylation. A starting material may be allowed to act. For example, when cisZtrans 1,4 dibu-mouthed cyclohexane is selected as the aliphatic dihalide, cyclohexane 1,4-dialdehyde can be synthesized by the following route. It is also possible to select the regioisomers cis / trans-1,2-dibuguchimocyclohexane and cisZtrans1,3 dibumouth mocyclohexane. In addition, aliphatic dihalides having a ring structure with other members can also be used. Even when cisZtrans— 1,5 dib-mouthed mocyclooctane, which is an aliphatic 8-membered ring, is used, it can be synthesized by the following route. Similarly, regioisomers such as cisZtrans-1, 2-dibu-mouthed mocyclooctane can be selected (reference: G. Boss and H. Gerlach, Chem. Ber., 1989, 1199 .; ).
[0058] [化 7]
Figure imgf000016_0001
Figure imgf000016_0002
[0058] [Chemical 7]
Figure imgf000016_0001
Figure imgf000016_0002
[0059] 次に、以上説明した本発明のポリ(イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体は、以下の工程 (I) 及び (Π)力 なる製造方法により製造できる。 [0059] Next, the poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer of the present invention described above can be produced by the following production methods (I) and (v).
[0060] 工程(I) まず、前出の式 (a)のジァミンと、式 (b)の酸二無水物式と、式 (c)のジアルデヒドと を混合し、重合させることにより、式(1)のァゾメチン重合単位及び式(3)のアミド酸重 合単位力もなるポリ(アミド酸—ァゾメチン)共重合体を形成する。ここで、式 (a)、式( b)、式 (c)、及び式(3)における置換基 A、 B及び Dは、式(1)及び式(2)において説 明した通りである。従って、式 (a)のジァミンは、前述の式(1)における置換基 Aに二 つのアミノ基を結合させたものであり、式 (b)の酸二無水物は、前述の式(2)の置換 基 Bに四つのカルボキシル基を結合させ無水物としたものであり、そして式 (c)のジァ ルデヒドは、式(1)の置換基 Dに二つのアルデヒド基を結合させたものである。 [0060] Step (I) First, the diamine of the formula (a), the acid dianhydride formula of the formula (b), and the dialdehyde of the formula (c) are mixed and polymerized to obtain an azomethine polymer unit of the formula (1). And a poly (amido acid-azomethine) copolymer having the amic acid polymer unit strength of formula (3). Here, the substituents A, B, and D in formula (a), formula (b), formula (c), and formula (3) are as described in formula (1) and formula (2). Accordingly, the diamine of the formula (a) is obtained by bonding two amino groups to the substituent A in the above formula (1), and the acid dianhydride of the formula (b) is represented by the above formula (2). Four carboxyl groups are bonded to Substituent B of Fig. 1 to form an anhydride, and the aldehyde of Formula (c) is obtained by binding two aldehyde groups to Substituent D of Formula (1). is there.
[0061] 具体的には、 2, 2,一ビス(トリフルォロメチル)ベンジジン等の式(a)のジァミンを N —メチルー 2—ピロリドン等の溶剤に溶解させ、得られた溶液にピロメリット酸二無水 物等の式 (b)の酸二無水物式を徐々に加え、 30分〜数時間室温で撹拌して透明な 溶液とする。次にテレフタルアルデヒド粉末等の式(3)のジアルデヒドを徐々に加え、 好ましくは室温で数時間〜数日撹拌することにより重合させる。これにより、均一で粘 稠なポリ(アミド酸—ァゾメチン)共重合体溶液を得る。ここで、ポリ(アミド酸—ァゾメチ ン)共重合体の固有粘度は膜靭性の観点力も 0. IdLZg以上であることが好ましい( 測定条件:ポリ(アミド酸—ァゾメチン)の N—メチル— 2—ピロリドン溶液 (0. 5重量0 /0 )について、ォストワルド粘度計を用いて 30°Cで測定)。 [0061] Specifically, a diamine of the formula (a) such as 2,2,1bis (trifluoromethyl) benzidine is dissolved in a solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and the resulting solution is pyromeritized. Gradually add the acid dianhydride formula (b) such as acid dianhydride and stir at room temperature for 30 minutes to several hours to make a clear solution. Next, the dialdehyde of formula (3) such as terephthalaldehyde powder is gradually added, and polymerization is carried out preferably by stirring for several hours to several days at room temperature. As a result, a uniform and viscous poly (amic acid-azomethine) copolymer solution is obtained. Here, the intrinsic viscosity of the poly (amidic acid-azomethine) copolymer is preferably 0. IdLZg or more from the viewpoint of film toughness (measurement condition: N-methyl-2-poly (amidic acid-azomethine)) for pyrrolidone solution (0.5 wt 0/0), measured at 30 ° C using a Osutowarudo viscometer).
[0062] なお、得られたポリ(アミド酸ーァゾメチン)共重合体溶液は、そのまま次工程 (II)に 投入してもよぐ後述するように感光剤を配合してポジ型感光性榭脂組成物として使 用してもよい。また、ポリ(アミド酸—ァゾメチン)共重合体を m—タレゾール等の有毒 又は揮発しにくい溶媒中で重合して得た場合、重合溶液を適宜希釈した後、メタノー ル、ジェチルエーテル、トルエン等の貧溶媒に滴下して、ポリ(アミド酸ーァゾメチン) 共重合体を粉末として析出、洗浄、乾燥した後、 N—メチルー 2—ピロリドン等に再溶 解して、後述する工程 (Π)に投入してもよい。  [0062] The obtained poly (amidate-azomethine) copolymer solution may be directly added to the next step (II), and may contain a photosensitizer as described later. It may be used as a thing. In addition, when a poly (amide acid-azomethine) copolymer is obtained by polymerization in a toxic or non-volatile solvent such as m-taresol, the polymerization solution is appropriately diluted, and then methanol, jetyl ether, toluene, etc. The poly (amidate-azomethine) copolymer is precipitated as a powder, washed, dried, then re-dissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, etc., and charged into the step (ii) described below. May be.
[0063] この工程にお!、て、式(a)のジァミンの総量に対して、式(b)の酸二無水物と式(c) のジアルデヒドの総量が等モルになるように仕込んで重合を行う。ここで、これらのモ ル比を調節することで、ポリ(アミド酸ーァゾメチン)共重合体における式(1)のァゾメ チン重合単位のモル分率を Xとし、式(3)のアミド酸重合単位のモル分率を 1—Xとし たときに、 Xを 0. 05-0. 95範囲に調整することができる。 [0063] In this step, the total amount of the acid dianhydride of the formula (b) and the dialdehyde of the formula (c) is equimolar with respect to the total amount of diamine of the formula (a). Polymerization is carried out at Here, by adjusting these mole ratios, the molar fraction of the azomethine polymerized units of the formula (1) in the poly (amidate-azomethine) copolymer is X, and the amic acid polymerized units of the formula (3) The mole fraction of X can be adjusted to the range of 0.05-0.95.
[0064] また、重合溶液中の(a)のジァミン、式 (b)の酸二無水物及び式(c)のジアルデヒド の合計の添加量 (モノマー)濃度は、それが高 、ほど重合度が増加する傾向がある 力 あまり高すぎるとポリマーの沈殿が析出しやすいので、通常、 5〜50重量%、好 ましくは 10〜40重量%である。  [0064] In addition, the total addition amount (monomer) concentration of (a) diamine, acid dianhydride of formula (b) and dialdehyde of formula (c) in the polymerization solution is higher as the polymerization degree is higher. If the amount is too high, the polymer precipitates easily, so it is usually 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 40% by weight.
[0065] この工程で使用できる好ましい溶剤としては、 N—メチルー 2 ピロリドン、 m—タレ ゾール、 N, N ジメチルァセトアミド等を好ましく使用できる力 これら以外にも、 N, N ジェチルァセトアミド、 N, N ジメチルホルムアミド、へキサメチルホスホルアミド 、ジメチルスルホォキシド、 γ ブチロラタトン、 1, 3 ジメチルー 2 イミダゾリジノン 、 1, 2—ジメトキシェタン ビス(2—メトキシェチル)エーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、 1, 4 ジォキサン、ピコリン、ピリジン、アセトン、クロ口ホルム、トルエン、キシレン等の非 プロトン性溶媒、フエノール、 ο クレゾール、 ρ クレゾール、 ο クロ口フエノール、 m —クロ口フエノール、 p クロ口フエノール等のプロトン性溶媒を使用することができる。 またこれらの溶媒は単独でも、 2種類以上混合して用いてもょ ヽ。  [0065] Preferable solvents that can be used in this step include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, m-taresole, N, N dimethylacetamide, and the like. , N, N dimethylformamide, hexamethylphosphoramide, dimethyl sulfoxide, γ-butyrolatathone, 1,3 dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane bis (2-methoxyethyl) ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1, 4 Protic solvents such as dioxane, picoline, pyridine, acetone, black mouth form, toluene, xylene, etc., phenol, ο cresol, ρ cresol, ο black mouth phenol, m — black mouth phenol, p black mouth phenol, etc. A solvent can be used. These solvents can be used alone or in combination.
[0066] 工程(Π)  [0066] Process (Π)
次に、得られたポリ(アミド酸—ァゾメチン)共重合体を公知のイミドィ匕法に従ってイミ ド化処理する。これによりポリ(イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体を得ることができる。  Next, the resulting poly (amidic acid-azomethine) copolymer is subjected to an imidization process according to a known imidi method. Thereby, a poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer can be obtained.
[0067] 具体的には、ポリ(アミド酸ーァゾメチン)共重合体の有機溶媒溶液を、スピンコータ 一等の常法の塗布装置を用いて成膜し、得られたポリ (アミド酸—ァゾメチン)共重合 体の薄膜を、空気中、窒素等の不活性ガス雰囲気中又は真空中、 200°C〜430°C、 好ましくは 250°C〜400°Cの温度で熱処理することにより、又はピリジン又はトリェチ ルァミンの如き塩基性触媒を含む無水酢酸中に好ましくは室温下で 1分〜数時間浸 漬する方法によりイミド化することにより、ポリ (イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体の薄膜を 得る。ポリ(アミド酸—ァゾメチン)共重合体の有機溶媒溶液には、必要に応じて酸ィ匕 安定剤、末端封止剤、フィラー、シランカップリング剤、感光剤、光重合開始剤、増感 剤等の添加物を混合してもよ 、。 [0067] Specifically, an organic solvent solution of a poly (amide acid-azomethine) copolymer is formed into a film using a conventional coating apparatus such as a spin coater, and the resulting poly (amide acid-azomethine) copolymer is formed. The polymer thin film is heat-treated at a temperature of 200 ° C. to 430 ° C., preferably 250 ° C. to 400 ° C. in air, in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen, or in vacuum, or pyridine or triethyl. A poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer thin film is obtained by imidation in acetic anhydride containing a basic catalyst such as luamine, preferably by immersion in room temperature for 1 minute to several hours. For the organic solvent solution of poly (amidic acid-azomethine) copolymer, an acid stabilizer, a terminal blocking agent, a filler, a silane coupling agent, a photosensitizer, a photopolymerization initiator, and a sensitizer are added as necessary. You can mix additives such as.
[0068] 次に、工程 (I)で得られるポリ(アミド酸ーァゾメチン)共重合体を用いたポジ型感光 性榭脂組成物について説明する。 [0069] このポジ型感光性榭脂組成物は、工程 (I)で得られるポリ(アミド酸—ァゾメチン)共 重合体とジァゾナフトキノン系感光剤とを含有する。ポリイミド前駆体であるこのポリ( アミド酸ーァゾメチン)共重合体は、元来、アルカリに可溶である力 ジァゾナフトキノ ン系感光剤が分散された状態で成膜されたものは、ジァゾナフトキノン系感光剤が溶 解抑制剤として作用し、膜自体がアルカリ不溶性となる。一方、この膜にフォトマスク を介して紫外線を照射すると露光部におけるジァゾナフトキノン系感光剤が光反応に よりアルカリ可溶なインデンカルボン酸に変化するので、露光部のみがアルカリ水溶 液に可溶となる。よって、ポジ型パターン形成が可能となる。 Next, a positive photosensitive resin composition using the poly (amidate-azomethine) copolymer obtained in step (I) will be described. [0069] This positive photosensitive resin composition contains the poly (amic acid-azomethine) copolymer obtained in step (I) and a diazonaphthoquinone photosensitizer. This poly (amidate-azomethine) copolymer, which is a polyimide precursor, was originally formed with a diazonaphthoquinone-based photosensitizer dispersed in a diazonaphthoquinone-based polymer. The photosensitizer acts as a dissolution inhibitor and the film itself becomes alkali-insoluble. On the other hand, when this film is irradiated with ultraviolet rays through a photomask, the diazonaphthoquinone photosensitizer in the exposed area is changed to alkali-soluble indenecarboxylic acid by photoreaction, so that only the exposed area can be converted into an alkaline aqueous solution. It becomes melted. Therefore, a positive pattern can be formed.
[0070] ジァゾナフトキノン系感光剤の具体例としては、 1, 2 ナフトキノン 2 ジアジドー 5—スルホン酸、 1, 2 ナフトキノン— 2 ジアジドー 4—スルホン酸の低分子ヒドロキ シ化合物、例えば、 2, 3, 4 トリヒドロキシベンゾフエノン、 1, 3, 5 トリヒドロキシべ ンゼン、 2 又は 4ーメチルーフエノール、 4, 4'ーヒドロキシープロパンのエステル等 を挙げることができる。  [0070] Specific examples of diazonaphthoquinone photosensitizers include low molecular weight hydroxy compounds of 1,2 naphthoquinone 2 diazido 5-sulfonic acid, 1,2 naphthoquinone-2 diazido 4-sulfonic acid, such as 2, 3 , 4 trihydroxybenzophenone, 1,3,5 trihydroxybenzene, 2 or 4-methylphenol, ester of 4,4'-hydroxypropane, and the like.
[0071] このポジ型感光性榭脂組成物におけるジァゾナフトキノン系感光剤の配合割合は、 少なすぎる場合には露光部と未露光部の溶解度差が小さくなるため、現像処理して も意図したパターン形成ができず、多すぎる場合にはポリ (イミド—ァゾメチン)の膜物 性 (靭性、線熱膨張係数、ガラス転移温度、耐熱性等)に悪影響を及ぼすおそれが ある他、イミドィ匕後の膜減が大きいといった重大な問題が生じる傾向があるので、ポリ (アミド酸ーァゾメチン)共重合体に対し重量基準で好ましくは 10〜40%、より好まし くは 20〜30%である。  [0071] If the blending ratio of the diazonaphthoquinone photosensitizer in the positive photosensitive resin composition is too small, the difference in solubility between the exposed area and the unexposed area becomes small. However, if the amount is too large, the film properties (toughness, linear thermal expansion coefficient, glass transition temperature, heat resistance, etc.) of poly (imide-azomethine) may be adversely affected. Since there is a tendency to cause a serious problem such that the film thickness of the polymer is large, it is preferably 10 to 40%, more preferably 20 to 30% by weight based on the poly (amidate-azomethine) copolymer.
[0072] ポジ型感光性榭脂組成物は、必要に応じて先に説明した工程 (I)で使用できる有 機溶剤を含有することができる。  [0072] The positive photosensitive resin composition may contain an organic solvent that can be used in the step (I) described above, if necessary.
[0073] このポジ型感光性榭脂組成物は、工程 (I)で得られたポリ(アミド酸—ァゾメチン)共 重合体の有機溶媒溶液に、ジァゾナフトキノン系感光剤を添加し溶解することにより 製造することができる。 [0073] This positive photosensitive resin composition is dissolved by adding a diazonaphthoquinone photosensitizer to the organic solvent solution of the poly (amic acid-azomethine) copolymer obtained in step (I). Can be manufactured.
[0074] 次に、このポジ型感光性榭脂組成物を利用して、ポリ (イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体 の微細パターンを製造する方法にっ 、て説明する。  [0074] Next, a method for producing a fine pattern of a poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer using this positive photosensitive resin composition will be described.
[0075] まず、ポジ型感光性榭脂組成物を成膜する。具体的には、溶剤で稀釈されたポジ 型感光性榭脂組成物をスピンコーター又はバーコ一ターを用いて、銅、シリコン又は ガラス等の基板上に塗布し、遮光下 40〜: LOO°Cで 0. 1〜3時間温風乾燥することに より、膜厚 1〜5 μ mの感光性ポリ(アミド酸—ァゾメチン)共重合体膜を形成する。ここ で、この製膜を 100°C以下で行うことが好ましい。この温度以上ではジァゾナフトキノ ン系感光剤が熱分解し始めるおそれがある。また、この共重合体膜中に含まれる残 留溶媒を除去するために、 80〜: LOO°Cで 1〜30分間プリべイクしてもよいが、塗膜を 1〜5分間水中に浸漬することも効果的である。残留溶媒は現像時の膜の膨潤ゃパ ターンの崩れを招くおそれがあり、鮮明なパターンを得るためには十分除去しておく ことが好ましい。 First, a positive photosensitive resin composition is formed. Specifically, positives diluted with solvents The photosensitive resin composition is applied onto a substrate such as copper, silicon or glass using a spin coater or bar coater, and light-shielded at 40 to 40 ° F for 0.1 to 3 hours at LOO ° C. As a result, a photosensitive poly (amic acid-azomethine) copolymer film having a thickness of 1 to 5 μm is formed. Here, this film formation is preferably performed at 100 ° C. or less. Above this temperature, the diazonaphthoquinone photosensitizer may start to thermally decompose. In order to remove the residual solvent contained in this copolymer film, it may be pre-baked at 80-: LOO ° C for 1-30 minutes, but the coating is immersed in water for 1-5 minutes. It is also effective to do. Residual solvent may cause the pattern to collapse when the film swells during development, and it is preferable to remove it sufficiently to obtain a clear pattern.
[0076] 次に、得られた感光性のポリ(アミド酸ーァゾメチン)共重合体膜に対し、パターン露 光処理を行った後にアルカリ現像処理を行い、更にポリイミド処理を行うことによりポリ [0076] Next, the obtained photosensitive poly (amidate-azomethine) copolymer film is subjected to pattern exposure treatment, followed by alkali development treatment, and further polyimide treatment to obtain poly
(イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体の微細パターンを得ることができる。 A fine pattern of (imido-azomethine) copolymer can be obtained.
[0077] 具体的には、感光性ポリ(アミド酸ーァゾメチン)共重合体膜にフォトマスクを介して 高圧水銀灯の i線を室温で 10秒〜 1時間照射し、 0. 05〜: LO重量%、好ましくは 0. 1 〜5重量0 /0のテトラメチルアンモ-ゥムヒドロキシド水溶液を用いて室温で 10秒〜 10 分間現像し、更に純水でリンスすることにより鮮明なポジ型パターンを得ることができ る。そして基板上に形成されたポリ(アミド酸—ァゾメチン)共重合体の微細パターン に対し、空気中、窒素等の不活性ガス雰囲気中あるいは真空中で、 200°C〜430°C 、好ましくは 250°C〜400°Cの温度で熱イミドィ匕処理を行うことで、線熱膨張係数が 3 OppmZK未満の、ガラス転移温度が 250°C以上のポリ(イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合 体膜の鮮明な微細パターンを得ることができる。 [0077] Specifically, the photosensitive poly (amidate-azomethine) copolymer film was irradiated with i-line of a high-pressure mercury lamp at room temperature for 10 seconds to 1 hour through a photomask. , preferably tetramethylammonium of 0.1 to 5 weight 0/0 - can get a clear positive pattern by room temperature developed 10 seconds to 10 minutes, rinsed further with pure water using Umuhidorokishido solution The The fine pattern of the poly (amic acid-azomethine) copolymer formed on the substrate is 200 ° C. to 430 ° C., preferably 250 ° C. in air, in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen, or in vacuum. By performing thermal imidization at a temperature of ° C to 400 ° C, the poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer film having a linear thermal expansion coefficient of less than 3 OppmZK and a glass transition temperature of 250 ° C or higher can be obtained. A fine pattern can be obtained.
[0078] なお、イミド化は脱水環化試薬を用いて化学的に行うこともできる。例えば、ピリジン あるいはトリェチルァミン等の塩基性触媒を含む無水酢酸中に、基板上に形成され たポリ(アミド酸ーァゾメチン)共重合体膜を室温で 1分〜数時間浸漬する方法によつ てもポリ (イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体膜を得ることができる。 [0078] Imidization can also be performed chemically using a dehydrating cyclization reagent. For example, a poly (amidate-azomethine) copolymer film formed on a substrate is immersed in acetic anhydride containing a basic catalyst such as pyridine or triethylamine at room temperature for 1 minute to several hours. A (imide-azomethine) copolymer film can be obtained.
実施例  Example
[0079] 以下、本発明を実施例により具体的に説明する力 これに限定されるものではない 。なお、各実施例及び比較例における分析値は以下の方法により求めた。 [0080] <固有粘度([ r? ] dL/g) > [0079] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. In addition, the analytical value in each Example and a comparative example was calculated | required with the following method. [0080] <Intrinsic viscosity ([r?] DL / g)>
0. 5重量%のポリイミド前駆体 (ポリ(アミド酸—ァゾメチン)共重合体)溶液を、ォス トワルド粘度計を用いて 30°Cで測定した。固有粘度の数値は、膜靭性の点力も 0. 1 dLZg以上であることが望まれる。  A 0.5 wt% polyimide precursor (poly (amic acid-azomethine) copolymer) solution was measured at 30 ° C. using a Ostwald viscometer. It is desirable that the intrinsic viscosity value is 0.1 dLZg or more in terms of film toughness.
[0081] <ガラス転移温度 (Tg) > [0081] <Glass transition temperature (Tg)>
ポリイミド (ポリ (イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体)膜のガラス転移温度を、動的粘弾性 測定における損失ピーク (周波数 0. 1Ηζ、昇温速度 5°CZ分)から求めた。ガラス転 移温度 (Tg)は、ハンダ耐熱性の点から 250°C以上であることが望まれる。  The glass transition temperature of the polyimide (poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer) film was determined from the loss peak (frequency 0.1 ° ζ, temperature rising rate 5 ° CZ min) in the dynamic viscoelasticity measurement. The glass transition temperature (Tg) is preferably 250 ° C or higher from the viewpoint of solder heat resistance.
[0082] < 5%重量減少温度 (Td5) > [0082] <5% weight loss temperature (Td 5 )>
ポリイミド (ポリ (イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体)膜の熱重量変化を、窒素雰囲気下又 は空気雰囲気下で測定し、重量が 5%減少した温度を求めた。 5%重量減少温度 (T d5)は、耐熱性の点力も 400°C以上であることが望まれる。 The thermogravimetric change of the polyimide (poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer) film was measured under a nitrogen atmosphere or an air atmosphere, and the temperature at which the weight decreased by 5% was determined. The 5% weight loss temperature (T d 5 ) is desired to have a heat resistance point of 400 ° C or higher.
[0083] <線熱膨張係数 (CTE) > [0083] <Linear thermal expansion coefficient (CTE)>
熱機械分析により、荷重 0. 5gZ膜厚 1 μ m、昇温速度 5°CZ分における試験片の 伸びより、 100〜200°Cの範囲での平均値として線熱膨張係数を求めた。線熱膨張 係数 (CTE:[ppm/k])の数値は、電子デバイスにおける絶縁膜 Z金属基板の残留応 力低減の点から 30ppmZK未満であることが望まれる。  By thermal mechanical analysis, the linear thermal expansion coefficient was obtained as an average value in the range of 100 to 200 ° C from the elongation of the test piece at a load of 0.5gZ film thickness of 1 µm and a heating rate of 5 ° CZ. The value of linear thermal expansion coefficient (CTE: [ppm / k]) should be less than 30ppmZK from the viewpoint of reducing the residual stress of insulating film Z metal substrate in electronic devices.
[0084] <複屈折( 11) > [0084] <Birefringence (11)>
ポリイミド膜に平行な方向(n )と垂直な方向(n )の屈折率をアッベ屈折計けトリ  The refractive index in the direction (n) parallel to the polyimide film (n) and the direction perpendicular to the polyimide film (n)
m out  m out
ゥムランプ使用、波長 589nm)で測定し、これらの屈折率の差から複屈折( Δη=η Using a lamp lamp, wavelength 589nm), birefringence (Δη = η)
— n )を求めた。複屈折(Δη)の数値が大きいほど、ポリマー鎖がより面内配向して out — N) The larger the birefringence (Δη) value, the more in-plane the polymer chain is oriented
いることを表す。  Represents that
[0085] <誘電率(ε ) >  [0085] <Dielectric constant (ε)>
ポリイミド膜の平均屈折率〔η = (2η +η ) Ζ3〕に基づいて、式 [ ε = 1. 1 Χ (η  Based on the average refractive index of polyimide film [η = (2η + η) Ζ3], the equation [ε = 1.1 Χ (η
av in out av av in out av
)2]により 1MHzにおける誘電率( ε )を算出した。誘電率( ε )の数値は、電子デバィ スにおける電気信号伝播速度の高速ィ匕の点力もできるだけ低い値であることが望ま しぐ例えば目標値として 3. 0以下であることが望まれる。 2 ) The dielectric constant (ε) at 1 MHz was calculated from 2 ]. It is desirable that the dielectric constant (ε) should be as low as possible for the high-speed point of electric signal propagation speed in electronic devices. For example, the target value should be 3.0 or less.
[0086] 実施例 1 (実験 la〜: Le) よく乾燥した撹拌機付密閉反応容器中で、 2, 2'—ビス (トリフルォロメチル)ベンジ ジン(5mmol)を、十分に脱水した N—メチルー 2 ピロリドン(NMP)又はメタクレゾ ール (m—cresol)に溶解した後、得られた溶液にピロメリット酸二無水物(2mmol、 モル分率 [1 X] = 0. 4)粉末を徐々に加え、室温で 30分〜数時間撹拌した。次に、 得られた反応溶液にテレフタルアルデヒド粉末(3mmol、モル分率 [X] = 0. 6)をカロ え、室温で 24時間撹拌し、粘稠で均一なポリ(アミド酸—ァゾメチン)共重合体を得た 。重合は、モノマー濃度が表 1に示す濃度 (即ち、 X=0.6〜0.9)となるように行った。 得られたポリ(アミド酸—ァゾメチン)共重合体の N—メチル—2—ピロリドン (NMP) 中における 30°Cの固有粘度を測定した。また、得られたポリ(アミド酸—ァゾメチン) 共重合体の IRチャートを図 1 (ァゾメチン特性吸収 1620〜1630cm_1 ;アミド酸中 のカルボキシル基特性吸収 2600cm_1付近(ブロード) )に示す。 [0086] Example 1 (Experiment la ~: Le) 2, 2'-bis (trifluoromethyl) benzidine (5 mmol) was thoroughly dehydrated in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) or metacresol (m— After dissolution in cresol), pyromellitic dianhydride (2 mmol, molar fraction [1 X] = 0.4) powder was gradually added to the resulting solution and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes to several hours. Next, terephthalaldehyde powder (3 mmol, molar fraction [X] = 0.6) was added to the obtained reaction solution, stirred at room temperature for 24 hours, and co-polymerized with viscous and uniform poly (amidate-azomethine). A polymer was obtained. The polymerization was carried out so that the monomer concentration was as shown in Table 1 (ie, X = 0.6 to 0.9). The resulting poly (amidic acid-azomethine) copolymer was measured for its intrinsic viscosity at 30 ° C in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). The IR chart of the resulting poly (amido-azomethine) copolymer is shown in Fig. 1 (Azomethine characteristic absorption 1620-1630 cm _1 ; Carboxyl group characteristic absorption in amic acid, around 2600 cm _1 (broad)).
[0087] 次に、得られたポリ(アミド酸—ァゾメチン)共重合体溶液をガラス基板に流延し、 60 °C、 2時間で乾燥してやや脆弱なポリ (アミド酸—ァゾメチン)共重合体膜を得た。これ を基板上で減圧下 250°Cで 2時間、熱イミドィ匕させ、更に 330°C又は 350°Cで 1時間 熱処理を行!、、膜厚 10〜20 μ mの透明で強靭なポリ(イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体 膜を得た。 [0087] Next, the obtained poly (amidic acid-azomethine) copolymer solution was cast on a glass substrate and dried at 60 ° C for 2 hours. A membrane was obtained. This was thermally imidized at 250 ° C for 2 hours under reduced pressure on the substrate, and further heat-treated at 330 ° C or 350 ° C for 1 hour! A transparent, tough poly ( An imido-azomethine) copolymer film was obtained.
[0088] 250°C2時間の熱イミドィ匕工程でほぼ熱イミドィ匕が完了していることが図 2に示す赤 外線吸収スペクトルより確認できた (アミド酸中のカルボキシル基特性吸収の消失; イミドカルボ-ル特性吸収 1780cm_1 ;ァゾメチン特性吸収 1620〜1630cm_1) 。引き続く 330°C又は 350°C1時間の熱処理では赤外線吸収スペクトルの変化は見 られな 、ことから、 350°Cでの熱処理による構造変化は事実上起こって!/、な 、と考え られる力 この熱処理により膜の靭性は飛躍的に増加した。これは高温熱処理により 末端基間で固相重合 (ポリマー鎖の延長)が進行し、分子量が増加したためと考えら れる。前述したように各種膜物性を測定したところ、比較的低い線熱膨張係数と比較 的高いガラス転移温度とを示し、要求特性を満足するポリ (イミド—ァゾメチン)共重 合体膜が得られた(実験 la、 lb及び Id)。共重合体組成 [X] = 0. 6〜0. 9の範囲で の重合条件及び固有粘度を表 1 (ポリ(アミド酸ーァゾメチン)共重合体の重合条件及 び固有粘度)に示し、膜物性を表 2 (ポリ (イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体の膜物性)に 示す。なお、実験 lc及び leについては、膜靭性が低いために、膜特性の測定を実 施しなかった。 [0088] It was confirmed from the infrared absorption spectrum shown in Fig. 2 that the thermal imidization was almost completed in the thermal imidization process at 250 ° C for 2 hours (disappearance of carboxyl group characteristic absorption in amic acid; imidocarbo- Le characteristic absorption 1780 cm _1; Azomechin characteristic absorption 1620~1630cm _1). In the subsequent heat treatment at 330 ° C or 350 ° C for 1 hour, no change in the infrared absorption spectrum was observed, so the structural change caused by the heat treatment at 350 ° C actually occurred! / As a result, the toughness of the film increased dramatically. This is thought to be because solid-state polymerization (extension of the polymer chain) progressed between the end groups due to high-temperature heat treatment, and the molecular weight increased. As described above, when various film properties were measured, a poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer film exhibiting a relatively low coefficient of linear thermal expansion and a relatively high glass transition temperature and satisfying the required properties was obtained ( Experiment la, lb & Id). Table 1 (Poly (amide acid-azomethine) copolymer polymerization conditions and intrinsic viscosity) shows the polymerization conditions and intrinsic viscosities in the range of copolymer composition [X] = 0.6 to 0.9. Table 2 (Film properties of poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer) Show. In the experiments lc and le, the film characteristics were not measured because the film toughness was low.
[0089] [表 1] [0089] [Table 1]
Figure imgf000023_0001
Figure imgf000023_0001
[0090] [表 2] [0090] [Table 2]
Figure imgf000023_0002
Figure imgf000023_0002
[0091] 実施例 2 (実験 2a及び 2b) [0091] Example 2 (Experiments 2a and 2b)
テトラカルボン酸二無水物としてピロメリット酸二無水物を用いる代わりに、 1, 2, 3, 4—シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物を用い、更に、重合溶剤として N, N—ジメ チルァセトアミド (DMAc)を用い、モノマー濃度を表 3に示す濃度となるようにする以 外は、実施例 1と同様な方法で、ポリ(アミド酸—ァゾメチン)共重合体を重合し、膜物 性を測定した。その他の重合条件及び固有粘度を表 3 (ポリ(アミド酸—ァゾメチン) 共重合体の重合条件及び固有粘度)に示し、膜物性を表 4 (ポリ (イミド—ァゾメチン) 共重合体の膜物性)に示す。 Instead of using pyromellitic dianhydride as the tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1, 2, 3, 4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride was used, and N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) was used as the polymerization solvent. The poly (amidate-azomethine) copolymer was polymerized in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the monomer concentration was adjusted to the concentration shown in Table 3, and the film properties were measured. Other polymerization conditions and intrinsic viscosities are shown in Table 3 (Poly (amic acid-azomethine). The polymerization properties and intrinsic viscosity of the copolymer are shown in Table 4, and the film properties are shown in Table 4 (Film properties of poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer).
表 4から分力ゝるように、比較的低 1ヽ線熱膨張係数と比較的高! ヽガラス転移温度とを示 し、要求特性を満足するポリ (イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体膜が得られた (実験 2a、 2 b)。  As shown in Table 4, a poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer film exhibiting a relatively low 1-line coefficient of thermal expansion and a relatively high glass transition temperature and satisfying the required properties is obtained. (Experiment 2a, 2b).
[0092] [表 3]  [0092] [Table 3]
Figure imgf000024_0001
Figure imgf000024_0001
[0093] [表 4] [0093] [Table 4]
Figure imgf000024_0002
Figure imgf000024_0002
[0094] 実施例 3 (実験 3) [0094] Example 3 (Experiment 3)
ジァミンとして 2, 2,一ビス(トリフルォロメチル)ベンジジンを用いる代わりに、トラン ス 1, 4ーシクロへキサンジァミンを用い、テトラカルボン酸二無水物としてピロメリッ ト酸ニ無水物を用いる代わりに、 3, 3' , 4, 4'ービフエ-ルテトラカルボン酸二無水 物を用いて、実施例 1に記載の方法に準じて、ポリ(アミド酸—ァゾメチン)共重合体 を重合した。まずトランス一 1, 4 シクロへキサンジァミン 5mmolを N, N ジメチル ァセトアミドに溶解し、 3, 3' , 4, 4,—ビフエ-ルテトラカルボン酸二無水物粉末 4. 5 mmolを徐々に力!]え、オイルバス中 120°Cで 5分間加熱した。その後室温で数時間 撹拌し続け、粘稠で均一なポリアミド酸溶液を得た。この溶液にテレフタルアルデヒド 粉末 0. 5mmolを添加し (全モノマー濃度: 15重量%)、 24時間室温で撹拌し、ポリ( アミド酸—ァゾメチン)共重合体を得た。固有粘度は 0. 576dLZgであった。 Instead of using 2,2,1bis (trifluoromethyl) benzidine as diamine, instead of using trans 1,4-cyclohexanediamine and using pyromellitic dianhydride as tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3 According to the method described in Example 1, a poly (amidate-azomethine) copolymer was polymerized using 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride. First, 5 mmol of trans-1,4 cyclohexanediamine is dissolved in N, N dimethylacetamide, and then 3, 3 ', 4, 4, -biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride powder is gradually added to 4.5 mmol! It was heated in an oil bath at 120 ° C for 5 minutes. Thereafter, stirring was continued for several hours at room temperature to obtain a viscous and uniform polyamic acid solution. Terephthalaldehyde in this solution 0.5 mmol of powder was added (total monomer concentration: 15% by weight), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain a poly (amic acid-azomethine) copolymer. The intrinsic viscosity was 0.576 dLZg.
[0095] 得られたポリ(アミド酸—ァゾメチン)共重合体力もキャスト膜を調製した。そのキャスト 膜は、高圧水銀灯の i線(365nm)の波長での透過率が 70%以上と、高い透明性を 示した。実施例 1と同様な方法でポリ (イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体膜を作製し、膜物 性を測定した。表 5 (ポリ (イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体の膜物性)に膜物性を示す。 表 5から分力るように、実施例 3 (実験 3)のポリ (イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体膜は、比 較的低!ヽ線熱膨張係数と比較的高!ヽガラス転移温度とを示し、要求特性を満足する ものであった。 [0095] The resulting poly (amic acid-azomethine) copolymer force also prepared a cast membrane. The cast film showed high transparency with a transmittance of 70% or more at the i-line (365 nm) wavelength of a high-pressure mercury lamp. A poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and the film properties were measured. Table 5 (Film properties of poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer) shows the film properties. As shown in Table 5, the poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer film of Example 3 (Experiment 3) has a relatively low linear thermal expansion coefficient and a relatively high glass transition temperature. And satisfied the required characteristics.
[0096] [表 5] [0096] [Table 5]
Figure imgf000025_0001
Figure imgf000025_0001
[0097] 実施例 4 [0097] Example 4
実施例 3に記載のポリ(アミド酸—ァゾメチン)共重合体の N, N ジメチルァセトアミ ド溶液に、ジァゾナフトキノン系感光剤として 2, 3, 4 トリス(1—ォキソ 2 ジァゾ ナフトキノン一 5—スルフォキシ)ベンゾフエノンを、ポリ(アミド酸一ァゾメチン)共重合 体の実量に対して 30重量%になるように添加し、溶解させた。これをシランカップリン グ剤で表面処理したシリコンウェハ上に塗布し、 60°Cで 2時間、熱風乾燥器中で乾 燥させて、膜厚 4〜5 /ζ πιの感光性フィルムを得た。これを 80°Cで 10分間プリべイク 後、フォトマスクを介し、落射式高圧水銀ランプの i線を干渉フィルターを通して 5分間 照射した。照射光強度はおよそ 3mWZcm2である。これをテトラメチルアンモ-ゥムヒ ドロキシド 0. 1重量%水溶液にて 25°Cで 1〜6分間現像を行い、水でリンス後、 60°C で数分乾燥した。真空中 250°Cで 1時間、更に 330°Cで 1時間、段階的に昇温して熱 イミドィ匕を行い、線幅 20 mの鮮明なパターンを得た。 In the N, N dimethylacetamide solution of the poly (amidic acid-azomethine) copolymer described in Example 3, 2,3,4 tris (1-oxo-2 diazonaphthoquinone) as a diazonaphthoquinone photosensitizer was used. 5-Sulfooxy) benzophenone was added and dissolved in an amount of 30% by weight based on the actual amount of poly (amidoacetate) copolymer. This was applied onto a silicon wafer surface-treated with a silane coupling agent, and dried in a hot air dryer at 60 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a photosensitive film having a film thickness of 4 to 5 / ζ πι. . This was pre-baked at 80 ° C for 10 minutes, and then irradiated with i-line from an epi-type high-pressure mercury lamp through an interference filter for 5 minutes through a photomask. Irradiation light intensity is approximately 3mWZcm 2. This was developed with a 0.1% by weight aqueous solution of tetramethylammonium hydroxide at 25 ° C. for 1 to 6 minutes, rinsed with water, and dried at 60 ° C. for several minutes. Heat in steps at 250 ° C for 1 hour and then at 330 ° C for 1 hour in steps. Imido was performed to obtain a clear pattern with a line width of 20 m.
[0098] 比較例 1 [0098] Comparative Example 1
よく乾燥した攪拌機付密閉反応容器中に 2, 2'—ビス (トリフルォロメチル)ベンジジ ン 4. 5mmol及び 2, 2 ビス(4— (4 アミノフエノキシ)フエ-ル)へキサフルォロプ 口パン 0. 5mmolを入れ、十分に脱水した N—メチルー 2 ピロリドンに溶解した。こ の溶液にテレフタルアルデヒド粉末 5mmolをカ卩え、室温で 24時間撹拌し、粘稠で均 一なポリアゾメチン共重合体を得た。 N—メチルー 2 ピロリドン中、 30°Cで測定した 固有粘度は 0. 481dLZgであった。このポリアゾメチン共重合体溶液をガラス基板 に塗布し、 60°C、 2時間で乾燥し、更に基板上で減圧下 250°Cで 1時間、熱処理を 行い、膜厚 10〜20 mの透明で強靭なポリアゾメチン共重合体膜を得た。ガラス転 移温度は 269°C、窒素中での 5%重量減少温度は 445°Cと比較的高い耐熱性を示 したが、線熱膨張係数は 97ppmZKと高い値を示し、 目的の低熱膨張特性を得るこ とはできな力 た。これはキャスト製膜過程での溶媒蒸発だけでは、ポリマー鎖の面 内配向を促進する因子として不十分であるためである。  2, 2'-bis (trifluoromethyl) benzidine 4.5 mmol and 2, 2 bis (4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenol) hexafluorol in a well-dried closed reaction vessel with stirrer 0.5 mmol And dissolved in sufficiently dehydrated N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. In this solution, 5 mmol of terephthalaldehyde powder was added and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain a viscous and uniform polyazomethine copolymer. The intrinsic viscosity measured at 30 ° C in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was 0.481 dLZg. This polyazomethine copolymer solution is applied to a glass substrate, dried at 60 ° C for 2 hours, and further subjected to heat treatment at 250 ° C under reduced pressure for 1 hour on the substrate to obtain a transparent film having a thickness of 10 to 20 m. A tough polyazomethine copolymer film was obtained. The glass transition temperature was 269 ° C and the 5% weight loss temperature in nitrogen was 445 ° C, which showed relatively high heat resistance, but the coefficient of linear thermal expansion was as high as 97ppmZK, and the desired low thermal expansion characteristics I couldn't get the power. This is because solvent evaporation alone in the casting process is not sufficient as a factor for promoting in-plane orientation of polymer chains.
[0099] 比較例 2 [0099] Comparative Example 2
2, 2—ビス(4一(4 アミノフエノキシ)フエ-ル)へキサフルォロプロパン及びピロメ リット酸二無水物よりポリイミド前駆体を重合した。固有粘度は 0. 696dLZgであった 。このポリイミド前駆体溶液をガラス基板に塗布し、 60°C、 2時間で乾燥し、更に基板 上で減圧下 250°Cで 1時間、イミド化を行い、膜厚 10〜20 mの透明で強靭なポリイ ミド膜を得た。ガラス転移温度は 278°C、窒素中での 5%重量減少温度は 534°Cと比 較的高い耐熱性を示したが、線熱膨張係数は 61ppmZKと高い値を示し、 目的の 低熱膨張特性を得ることはできな力つた。複屈折値が 0. 0093と低いことから、この 高 ヽ線熱膨張係数はポリイミド鎖が殆ど面内配向して 、な 、ことに起因して 、る。こ れは使用したジァミンが屈曲性であるため、イミド化誘起面内配向に不可欠な主鎖の 直線性及び剛直性が殆どな 、ためである。  A polyimide precursor was polymerized from 2,2-bis (4 (4-aminophenoxy) phenol) hexafluoropropane and pyromellitic dianhydride. Intrinsic viscosity was 0.696 dLZg. This polyimide precursor solution is applied to a glass substrate, dried at 60 ° C for 2 hours, and then imidized on the substrate at 250 ° C under reduced pressure for 1 hour, transparent and tough with a thickness of 10 to 20 m. A polyimide film was obtained. The glass transition temperature was 278 ° C and the 5% weight loss temperature in nitrogen was 534 ° C, which was relatively high heat resistance, but the coefficient of linear thermal expansion was as high as 61ppmZK. I couldn't get any power. Since the birefringence value is as low as 0.0013, this high thermal expansion coefficient is caused by the fact that the polyimide chain is almost in-plane oriented. This is because the diamine used is flexible, so that the linearity and rigidity of the main chain, which are indispensable for imidization-induced in-plane orientation, are almost none.
[0100] 比較例 3 [0100] Comparative Example 3
実施例 3に記載した方法に従って、トランス 1, 4ーシクロへキサンジァミン及び 3, 3' , 4, 4'ービフエ-ルテトラカルボン酸二無水物よりポリイミド前駆体を重合した。固 有粘度は 1. 50dLZgであった。このポリイミド前駆体を用いて、実施例 4に記載した 方法により、感光性榭脂組成物を製膜し、露光'アルカリ現像を試みたが、パターン を形成することができな力つた。これは用いたポリイミド前駆体のアルカリ水溶液に対 する溶解度が高すぎたためである。 According to the method described in Example 3, a polyimide precursor was polymerized from trans 1,4-cyclohexanediamine and 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride. Solid The viscosity was 1.50 dLZg. Using this polyimide precursor, a photosensitive resin composition was formed into a film by the method described in Example 4, and exposure and alkali development were attempted. However, it was strong enough that a pattern could not be formed. This is because the solubility of the polyimide precursor used in the alkaline aqueous solution was too high.
産業上の利用可能性 Industrial applicability
本発明のポリ (イミドーァゾメチン)共重合体は、分子内に分子内環化反応部位とし てアミド酸残基が導入されたポリイミド前駆体であるポリ(アミド酸ーァゾメチン)共重合 体をイミドィ匕して得られたものである。従って、本発明のポリ (イミド—ァゾメチン)共重 合体は、低熱膨張化されたものとなる。また、ポリ (アミド酸—ァゾメチン)共重合体と 感光剤とから構成した榭脂組成物は、パターン露光が可能な感光性を示し、し力ゝもァ ルカリ現像可能なポジ型感光性榭脂組成物となる。このポジ型感光性榭脂組成物を 利用すれば、低誘電率、低熱膨張係数、高ガラス転移温度を有するポリ (イミドーァ ゾメチン)共重合体の微細パターンを形成することができる。従って、本発明のポリ(ィ ミドーァゾメチン)共重合体は、半導体素子の保護膜や集積回路の層間絶縁膜など 様々な電子デバイスに有利に利用することができる。  The poly (imido-azomethine) copolymer of the present invention is a poly (amido-azomethine) copolymer that is a polyimide precursor in which an amic acid residue is introduced as an intramolecular cyclization reaction site. It was obtained by imidization. Therefore, the poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer of the present invention has a low thermal expansion. In addition, a resin composition comprising a poly (amic acid-azomethine) copolymer and a photosensitizer exhibits a photosensitivity capable of pattern exposure and a positive photosensitive resin capable of alkaline development. It becomes a composition. If this positive photosensitive resin composition is used, a fine pattern of a poly (imidoazomethine) copolymer having a low dielectric constant, a low thermal expansion coefficient, and a high glass transition temperature can be formed. Therefore, the poly (imidoazomethine) copolymer of the present invention can be advantageously used in various electronic devices such as a protective film of a semiconductor element and an interlayer insulating film of an integrated circuit.

Claims

請求の範囲 [1] 式(1)のァゾメチン重合単位及び式(2)のイミド重合単位 [化 1] Claims [1] Azomethine polymer unit of formula (1) and imide polymer unit of formula (2) [Chemical formula 1]
(式(1)及び式 (2)において、 A及び Dはそれぞれ二価の芳香族基又は脂肪族基で あり、 Bは四価の芳香族基又は脂肪族基を表す。 ) (In the formulas (1) and (2), A and D are each a divalent aromatic group or an aliphatic group, and B is a tetravalent aromatic group or an aliphatic group.)
力もなるポリ (イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体。  A poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer that also has strength.
[2] 式(1)のモル分率を Xとし、式(2)のモル分率を 1—Xとしたときに、 Xが 0. 05〜0. [2] When the molar fraction of the formula (1) is X and the molar fraction of the formula (2) is 1—X, X is 0.05 to 0.5.
95の範囲である請求項 1記載のポリ(イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体。  The poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer according to claim 1, which is in the range of 95.
[3] 線熱膨張係数が 30ppmZK未満であり、ガラス転移温度が 250°C以上である請求 項 1又は 2記載のポリ (イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体。 [3] The poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer according to claim 1 or 2, having a linear thermal expansion coefficient of less than 30ppmZK and a glass transition temperature of 250 ° C or higher.
[4] 請求項 1記載のポリ(イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体を得る製造方法であって、式 (a)の ジァミン、式(b)の酸二無水物、及び式(c)のジアルデヒド [4] A process for obtaining a poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer according to claim 1, comprising a diamine of formula (a), an acid dianhydride of formula (b), and a dialdehyde of formula (c)
[化 2][Chemical 2]
Figure imgf000029_0001
Figure imgf000029_0001
Figure imgf000029_0002
Figure imgf000029_0002
OHC— D—CH
Figure imgf000029_0003
OHC— D— CH
Figure imgf000029_0003
(式 (a)、式 (b)及び式 (c)において、 A及び Dはそれぞれ二価の芳香族基又は脂肪 族基であり、 Bは四価の芳香族基又は脂肪族基を表す。 ) (In the formula (a), the formula (b) and the formula (c), A and D are each a divalent aromatic group or an aliphatic group, and B is a tetravalent aromatic group or an aliphatic group. )
を混合し、重合させることにより、式(1)のァゾメチン重合単位及び式(3)のアミド酸重 合単位 Are mixed and polymerized to polymerize the azomethine polymer unit of formula (1) and the amido acid polymer unit of formula (3).
Figure imgf000030_0001
Figure imgf000030_0001
(式(1)及び式 (3)において、 A及び Dはそれぞれ二価の芳香族基又は脂肪族基を 表し、 Bは四価の芳香族基又は脂肪族基を表す。 ) (In Formula (1) and Formula (3), A and D each represent a divalent aromatic group or an aliphatic group, and B represents a tetravalent aromatic group or an aliphatic group.)
力もなるポリ(アミド酸一ァゾメチン)共重合体を形成し、得られたポリ(アミド酸一ァゾ メチン)共重合体に対しイミド化処理を行うことによりポリ (イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合 体を得る製造方法。  A poly (amido-azomethine) copolymer is formed, and the resulting poly (amido-azomethine) copolymer is imidized to give a poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer. Manufacturing method to obtain.
[5] 式(1)のモル分率を Xとし、式(3)のモル分率を 1—Xとしたときに、 Xが 0. 05〜0.  [5] When the mole fraction of the formula (1) is X and the mole fraction of the formula (3) is 1—X, X is 0.05 to 0.
95の範囲である請求項 4記載の製造方法。  The production method according to claim 4, which is in the range of 95.
[6] 式 (a)のジァミンと式 (b)の酸二無水物式とを混合し、反応させた後に、反応混合物 に式 (c)のジアルデヒドを混合し、反応させる請求項 4又は 5記載の製造方法。 [6] The diamine of formula (a) and the acid dianhydride formula of formula (b) are mixed and reacted, and then the dialdehyde of formula (c) is mixed and reacted with the reaction mixture. 5. The production method according to 5.
[7] 式(1)のァゾメチン重合単位及び式(3)のアミド酸重合単位 [7] Azomethine polymer unit of formula (1) and amido acid polymer unit of formula (3)
Figure imgf000031_0001
Figure imgf000031_0001
(式(1)及び式 (3)において、 A及び Dはそれぞれ二価の芳香族基又は脂肪族基を 表し、 Bは四価の芳香族基又は脂肪族基を表す。 ) (In Formula (1) and Formula (3), A and D each represent a divalent aromatic group or an aliphatic group, and B represents a tetravalent aromatic group or an aliphatic group.)
力 なるポリ(アミド酸ーァゾメチン)共重合体。  Powerful poly (amide acid-azomethine) copolymer.
[8] 式(1)のモル分率を Xとし、式(3)のモル分率を 1—Xとしたときに、 Xが 0. 05〜0. [8] When the molar fraction of the formula (1) is X and the molar fraction of the formula (3) is 1—X, X is 0.05 to 0.
95の範囲である請求項 1記載のポリ(アミド酸ーァゾメチン)共重合体。  The poly (amidate-azomethine) copolymer according to claim 1, which is in the range of 95.
[9] 固有粘度が、 0. IdLZg以上である請求項 7又は 8記載のポリ(アミド酸—ァゾメチ ン)共重合体。 [9] The poly (amic acid-azomethine) copolymer according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the intrinsic viscosity is 0.1.IdLZg or more.
[10] 請求項 7〜9の 、ずれかに記載のポリ(アミド酸ーァゾメチン)共重合体とジァゾナフ トキノン系感光剤とを含有するポジ型感光性榭脂組成物。  [10] A positive photosensitive resin composition comprising the poly (amidate-azomethine) copolymer according to any one of claims 7 to 9 and a diazonaphthoquinone photosensitizer.
[11] ポリ(アミド酸ーァゾメチン)共重合体に対するジァゾナフトキノン系感光剤の重量割 合が 10〜40%である請求項 10記載のポジ型感光性榭脂組成物。 11. The positive photosensitive resin composition according to claim 10, wherein the weight ratio of the diazonaphthoquinone photosensitizer to the poly (amidate-azomethine) copolymer is 10 to 40%.
[12] 請求項 10又は 11記載のポジ型感光性榭脂組成物を成膜し、得られたポジ型感光 性榭脂組成物薄膜に対し、パターン露光処理を行った後にアルカリ現像処理を行 ヽ[12] The positive photosensitive resin composition according to claim 10 or 11 is formed into a film, and the obtained positive photosensitive resin composition thin film is subjected to pattern exposure treatment and then subjected to alkali development treatment.ヽ
、更にポリイミド処理を行うことによりポリ (イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体の微細パター ンを得る微細パターン製造方法。 And a fine pattern production method for obtaining a fine pattern of a poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer by further performing a polyimide treatment.
[13] ポリ (イミド—ァゾメチン)共重合体の線熱膨張係数が 30ppmZK未満であり、ガラ ス転移温度が 250°C以上である請求項 12記載の微細パターン製造方法。 [13] The linear thermal expansion coefficient of the poly (imide-azomethine) copolymer is less than 30 ppmZK, 13. The method for producing a fine pattern according to claim 12, wherein the transition temperature is 250 ° C. or higher.
PCT/JP2005/013704 2004-08-31 2005-07-27 Poly(imide/azomethine) copolymer, poly(amic acid/ azomethine) copolymer and positive type photosensitive resin compositions WO2006025163A1 (en)

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